3764:
194:
152:
141:
183:
3699:
3631:
50:
255:
3505:
206:
3163:
164:
892:, commander of the Mediterranean fleet, who had difficulty raising the necessary troops. France in general and the French navy in particular were undergoing severe social and political upheaval, and it was not until December that a sufficient expeditionary force had been prepared. Truguet and the Mediterranean fleet then sailed with a French army, carried on transports, arriving off the capital of Sardinia,
3729:
3674:
262:
1070:. Napoleon advocated a night attack, but was overruled by Cesari. The following morning French-Corsican troops assaulted and captured Santo Stefano and used the fort on the island to bombard La Maddalena on 24 February, Cesari announcing his intention to conduct an amphibious landing the following day. During the night however, there was a mutiny reported aboard a
1589:
877:, was not part of this coalition, it was identified as a primary target of French military operations. The island of Sardinia was agriculturally rich and strategically important in the Mediterranean, and it was felt in France that its capture would intimidate the mainland part of the Kingdom and the other nations of the Italian peninsula, and spread
1151:
to hold Paoli to account for the actions of his supporters in the operation led to a breakdown in the relationship between Paoli and the French government and a large-scale rebellion on
Corsica which saw the French garrison driven into three fortified positions on the Northern Coast. In early 1794 a
1001:
fired from improvised barricades and retreated in disarray, while the other attack was defeated by a
Sardinian counter-attack. Truguet withdrew his forces to the beachhead, leaving 300 dead and 100 prisoners in Sardinian hands; the victorious Sardinians were said to have dismembered the dead French
1074:
accompanying the force and Cesari immediately withdrew, abandoning the attack and Santo
Stefano. Napoleon was furious, not least because Cesari did not warn him and he and his men were nearly left behind on Santo Stefano and vulnerable to a Sardinian counter-attack. In the retreat to the landing
1123:
to seek concessions from the distant central government in Turin, following an open invitation from Victor
Amadeus. A list of demands for greater autonomy by the Sardinian Stamenti was presented to the king by a deputation from the island, but shortly afterwards a flat refusal of all points was
996:
were also beaten off, but the French regrouped, landing additional forces until 5,000 French troops were encamped outside Quartu Sant'Elena. The town and
Calamosca were attacked again on 15 February, with heavy artillery support from the French fleet, but without success. The force sent against
1192:
the climactic assault which retook the heights over the city in
December 1793 was led by Napoleon, who was wounded in the attack. He later became one of the most effective generals of the French Republic and subsequently seized control of the country and pronounced himself Emperor of France.
962:
Truguet remained off Palmas for a month, gathering his ships in preparation for another attack. On 22 January he again entered the Golfo di
Cagliari, and sent a boat party of an officer and 20 men to demand the Sardinian surrender. The Sardinians, assembled for the feast day of
971:
merchant vessel. Truguet was furious and ordered a heavy bombardment of the town on 25 January. By this point, Truguet had amassed 82 vessels for the invasion, including 41 transports, but his attack proved ineffective; the strength of the shore batteries and their use of
1175:. When ordered to attack Lángara's fleet off Toulon in June, Trogoff refused as he believed his crews would refuse to put to sea, and announced that he would delay action until Truguet returned. In July, a large British fleet arrived off the port under Vice-Admiral
580:
1187:
and inviting the
British to occupy the town and seize the fleet on 18 August. Trogoff acquiesced in the occupation, despite a revolt among the sailors under his command. French Republican forces attacked the city, and in the ensuing
4851:
1087:
The final act of the campaign came three months after both
Truguet and Cesari had withdrawn. Truguet's garrison remained on the islands of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco on the western side of Sardinia until 25 May. That month, a
4903:
4908:
3828:
1043:, and Paoli was pressing for greater autonomy from France in the aftermath of the Revolution. It was Paoli's plan to launch the Northern attack as a diversion to Truguet's operation off the capital, with the island of
1171:. The defeat undermined morale among the fleet and civil authorities at Toulon, exacerbating existing revolutionary tensions. A series of mutinies and public executions followed against the background the burgeoning
3527:
573:
1005:
On 16 and 17 February
Truguet bombarded Cagliari again, to little effect. On the second day, another storm swept the bay and his fleet was again scattered. Several ships were lost, most notably the 74-gun
790:. The government had issued orders to invade Sardinia, strategically important to the Mediterranean, which they believed would bring an easy victory. Delays in assembling the invasion force gave the
566:
1147:
On Corsica the recriminations which followed the failure at La Maddalena saw the Buonaparte faction driven from the island, Napoleon narrowly escaping an assassination attempt. Efforts by the
1136:
was stormed and the prisoners released. In the aftermath Victor Amadeus was forced to make concessions to the Sardinians, although violence continued until 1796. Two years later the new king
4513:
2165:
4913:
1164:. Following political conflict, Paoli was driven into exile in late 1795, and the British remained on Corsica until late 1796, at which point the island rejoined the French Republic.
487:
1736:
305:
4558:
517:
1100:, and arrived off the islands. The Spanish had gone to war with France in March 1793, and against such an overwhelming force the entire garrison surrendered. Of the frigates,
881:
beyond the borders of France. Moreover, a successful attack on the island was thought to be easily achievable, and orders were given for an expeditionary force to assemble at
4790:
1880:
522:
4898:
4180:
3081:
3036:
2943:
2890:
2821:
2691:
2665:
2582:
2479:
2406:
512:
4488:
321:
4888:
3716:
3776:
1503:
3569:
4049:
3915:
907:
made little effort to reinforce the island, believing that to do so might be seen by the French as a provocation. The island's inhabitants however were devout
254:
4107:
3838:
3711:
794:
sufficient time to raise an army, and when the French fleet arrived off the capital Cagliari, the Sardinians were ready. The first attack was dispersed by a
1015:, which was driven ashore and wrecked. Truguet then abandoned the entire operation, embarking his soldiers and returning to France. He left 800 men and two
1652:
4538:
3895:
1027:
As Truguet sailed impotently off Cagliari, a second French force had been prepared for operations in Northern Sardinia. This force had drawn heavily from
3234:
1505:
The Ungovernable Rock: A History of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean Strategy During the Revolutionary War (1793-1797)
659:
89:
4493:
3945:
3848:
3661:
298:
4072:
2115:
1743:
394:
270:
4749:
1119:
Although the operation had ended in complete failure it had a number of repercussions. On Sardinia the robust defence of the island encouraged the
497:
4841:
3910:
3823:
3284:
1047:, a small, heavily fortified position off the northern coast, as the dedicated target. 450 Corsican volunteers were mustered, with Paoli's nephew
3479:
1079:
and abandon their cannon when insufficient boats were sent to collect them. He later accused Cesari of faking the mutiny on the orders of Paoli.
4523:
4240:
3379:
1848:
1593:
3605:
4918:
4097:
3651:
3590:
3548:
1832:
1513:
1168:
4553:
4014:
3431:
771:. Sardinia was neutral at the time, but immediately joined the anti-French coalition. The operation was a failure, with attacks directed at
3324:
2248:
935:, a severe storm struck, driving Truguet's ships off-shore. A number of troop transports were lost and the rest of the fleet was driven to
291:
4528:
4029:
3304:
1167:
In France the defeat led to the recall of Truguet to Paris to explain events to the National Convention, and his temporary replacement by
947:, both of which were taken without fighting. He also landed parties on the Sardinian mainland, although they were driven off by Sardinian
862:
768:
664:
145:
4483:
3983:
3656:
2808:
2569:
464:
4846:
4836:
4225:
3600:
3436:
3411:
2906:
2556:
1132:
spread throughout the island. In April 1794 the viceroy arrested two leaders of the growing insurrection, causing a riot in which the
2699:
547:
4220:
3561:
3522:
3068:
1729:
1680:
1554:
1535:
1492:
798:, but the second went ahead on 22 January 1793. French troops subsequently landed on 11 February but were driven off in fighting at
3768:
3269:
899:
On Sardinia warnings of the impending French attack had arrived months earlier, although the political authority based with King
4650:
4438:
4365:
4215:
4122:
3456:
1932:
1872:
889:
783:
210:
1701:
4591:
4433:
4330:
4300:
3920:
3239:
1824:
1673:
1645:
1137:
1102:
679:
4826:
4428:
2898:
2036:
1210:
Relazione di quanto è avvenuto dalla comparsa della flotta francese in Cagliari sino alla totale ritirata di essa nel 1793/94
1176:
900:
724:
4205:
3833:
3354:
2028:
1941:
1888:
805:
A subsequent attack on the island of La Maddalena off the northern coast of Sardinia also failed, partly due to sabotage by
49:
4831:
4127:
3264:
3254:
2829:
2673:
2652:
2590:
2373:
2108:
1993:
1010:
542:
527:
389:
339:
4893:
4543:
4230:
3618:
3595:
3540:
3535:
3426:
3369:
2338:
2256:
696:
674:
454:
4645:
4270:
4165:
4044:
4024:
3935:
3864:
3686:
2951:
2644:
2497:
1985:
1141:
729:
701:
384:
4468:
4320:
3334:
3229:
3184:
1799:
988:. The troops advanced westwards towards Cagliari but were driven back by Sardinian cavalry. Attacks on the Cagliari
923:, were able to raise more than 4,000 infantry and 6,000 cavalry, although the garrison was very short of artillery.
4883:
4878:
4780:
4380:
4335:
4315:
4077:
3314:
3209:
2538:
2487:
2419:
2319:
2103:
2012:
1638:
1153:
1051:
in command. His second deputy was a Corsican artillery officer and political rival of Paoli, the young head of the
1040:
752:
614:
479:
354:
315:
4795:
4690:
4235:
4112:
4067:
3955:
3843:
3810:
3613:
3224:
3176:
3052:
2975:
2853:
2837:
967:, opened fire on the boat as it approached and killed 17 of the party, the survivors sheltering behind a neutral
850:
756:
654:
459:
669:
4503:
4350:
4305:
3635:
3630:
3374:
3204:
3194:
3007:
2991:
2869:
2784:
2631:
2615:
2518:
2292:
1856:
1622:
711:
474:
449:
409:
3930:
691:
4360:
4355:
4310:
4255:
4019:
3900:
3577:
3309:
3023:
2930:
2914:
2598:
2414:
2357:
2272:
1977:
1816:
649:
439:
349:
17:
4145:
3978:
3582:
3394:
3274:
3259:
3132:
3089:
2999:
2877:
2623:
2543:
2212:
2087:
2079:
1969:
1157:
1067:
719:
634:
624:
537:
532:
404:
3999:
4685:
3950:
3885:
3416:
3299:
3289:
3167:
3162:
3060:
3015:
2768:
2715:
2533:
2523:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2204:
2060:
1708:
1223:
1133:
1129:
826:
760:
639:
419:
369:
364:
334:
168:
4498:
2744:
444:
1156:
and defeated the French, Paoli seceding from France and agreeing to the incorporation of Corsica as a
976:
inflicted significant damage to several French ships, which were unable to seriously damage the town.
4624:
4260:
4082:
4004:
3940:
3853:
3461:
3451:
3421:
3339:
3244:
2959:
2776:
2723:
2528:
2492:
2437:
2311:
985:
799:
502:
1048:
4700:
4630:
4478:
4408:
4385:
4340:
4265:
4245:
4210:
4185:
4117:
3818:
3344:
2728:
2607:
2365:
2277:
2052:
2044:
2020:
1779:
1564:
1148:
1108:
948:
787:
706:
644:
619:
590:
507:
469:
429:
424:
140:
41:
3925:
3364:
837:
leading to the capture and near destruction of the entire French Mediterranean Fleet by a British
833:
rulers, a temporary breakaway of Corsica from France, and a rebellion at the French naval base of
825:, the last of the French garrisons on Sardinia. The legacies of the campaign included a series of
4160:
3890:
3741:
3703:
3698:
3446:
3399:
3359:
3105:
3097:
2792:
2752:
2564:
2457:
2221:
2196:
2188:
2140:
1961:
1056:
1052:
956:
858:
810:
629:
414:
399:
374:
344:
187:
4508:
4325:
4087:
3960:
3517:
1808:
1093:
198:
993:
4923:
4737:
4670:
4660:
4640:
4295:
3994:
3746:
3044:
2983:
2967:
2760:
2284:
2131:
1840:
1694:
1661:
1550:
1531:
1509:
1488:
1480:
968:
940:
932:
912:
818:
748:
609:
83:
4805:
4665:
4584:
4458:
4453:
4443:
4175:
4102:
4039:
4009:
3781:
3751:
3646:
3349:
3199:
3124:
2861:
2845:
2800:
2736:
2707:
2502:
2381:
2264:
2157:
1771:
1722:
1715:
1687:
1606:
1184:
1125:
1097:
1007:
936:
916:
814:
791:
434:
4730:
4518:
4195:
4190:
4155:
3905:
3509:
3504:
3406:
3329:
3219:
3189:
2548:
2424:
2149:
2123:
2095:
1924:
1896:
1523:
1189:
1172:
908:
854:
806:
359:
4375:
944:
822:
4800:
4742:
4548:
4370:
4150:
3870:
3733:
3728:
3678:
3673:
3493:
2681:
2184:
1161:
1036:
964:
939:
on the southwestern coast of the island. There Truguet landed troops on the islands of
830:
4872:
4814:
4785:
4655:
4473:
4280:
4250:
4092:
3988:
3880:
3441:
3384:
878:
283:
4821:
4766:
4680:
4635:
4463:
4345:
4137:
3294:
3279:
3249:
1089:
1044:
809:
troops; it is most notable as the first military service of the Lieutenant Colonel
782:
The operation was launched by the French Mediterranean Fleet, led by Contre-amiral
776:
1568:
4773:
4675:
4533:
4423:
4200:
4170:
3471:
3319:
2639:
2432:
973:
492:
4579:
4418:
4286:
4034:
3389:
1864:
1076:
838:
104:
91:
4413:
4059:
3970:
3553:
2922:
1915:
1180:
1113:
998:
989:
763:
in the Mediterranean during the conflict, and was directed at the island of
1588:
4761:
4756:
4695:
4574:
4448:
3214:
2229:
1528:
The Fall of Toulon: The Last Opportunity the Defeat the French Revolution
1120:
1071:
1016:
920:
893:
874:
870:
772:
764:
79:
55:
1063:
1028:
1066:, and only reached La Maddalena on 22 February 1793, anchoring in the
558:
952:
882:
834:
1630:
1106:, was captured in an attempt to escape the Spanish blockade, while
3763:
904:
866:
156:
1179:, and political authority in Toulon collapsed entirely, with the
1140:, was forced to flee to the island following the outbreak of the
911:, and the persecution of Catholic clergy in the aftermath of the
1124:
proclaimed by both the king and the Viceroy Carlo Balbiano. The
795:
4904:
Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving France
4717:
4612:
3802:
3152:
2398:
1757:
1634:
562:
287:
4909:
Naval battles of the French Revolutionary Wars involving Spain
3829:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
3643:
853:
began in April 1792 when the French declared war against the
984:
On 11 February a French detachment landed 1,200 soldiers at
955:
from the hillsides. The Sardinians attributed the storm to
1031:, the French held island to the north which was under the
1002:
soldiers and carried their body parts around as trophies.
1508:. London & Toronto: Associated University Presses.
873:
in the continent and the large Mediterranean island of
1570:
Sketch of the Present State of the Island of Sardinia
888:
Command of this operation was given to Contre-amiral
261:
27:
1793 expedition during the War of the First Coalition
4559:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
1487:. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Military Library.
1224:
La Maddalena, 22/25 February 1793, Military Subjects
747:
was a short military campaign fought in 1793 in the
4791:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
4567:
4401:
4394:
4279:
4136:
4058:
3969:
3862:
3809:
3760:
3725:
3695:
3670:
3627:
3501:
3492:
3470:
3175:
3159:
3117:
3080:
3035:
2942:
2889:
2820:
2690:
2664:
2581:
2478:
2405:
2350:
2331:
2304:
2241:
2177:
2072:
2005:
1954:
1908:
1881:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1791:
1764:
759:. The operation was the first offensive by the new
885:, the principal French Mediterranean naval base.
3717:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
54:Contemporary print of the French bombardment of
4914:Naval battles involving the Kingdom of Sardinia
34:
1759:Significant civil and political events by year
931:As the French fleet of 36 vessels entered the
1646:
1041:invaded and captured by a French army in 1768
574:
299:
8:
4812:
4771:
4747:
4728:
3712:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
896:on the southern coast, on 21 December 1792.
1219:
1217:
18:Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco
4714:
4609:
4398:
3916:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
3799:
3498:
3172:
3149:
2395:
1754:
1653:
1639:
1631:
1613:French Revolution: Revolutionary campaigns
1183:civil government declaring for the exiled
1035:command of Corsican independence advocate
915:incited considerable opposition among the
581:
567:
559:
306:
292:
284:
31:
4899:Battles of the War of the First Coalition
4181:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
3839:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
3662:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1019:to garrison San Pietro and Sant'Antioco.
1897:Nationalization of the Church properties
1599:
4889:18th century in the Kingdom of Sardinia
4842:Historiography of the French Revolution
4113:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
3824:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
1337:
1335:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1201:
813:, later Emperor of France. On 25 May a
3849:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
3804:Other significant figures and factions
1311:
1309:
817:fleet recaptured the small islands of
3896:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
3652:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
3591:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3549:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
2029:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
7:
4050:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
3462:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
2249:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1116:by the crew to prevent its capture.
1075:zone, Napoleon's men were forced to
779:in the north both ending in defeat.
70:21 December 1792 – 25 May 1793
3657:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
1062:The force was delayed by storms at
4847:Influence of the French Revolution
4837:Symbolism in the French Revolution
3601:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
3562:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
1817:Convocation of the Estates General
959:, on whose feast day it occurred.
25:
4489:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4221:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
3523:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3305:François Christophe de Kellermann
2544:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
1485:Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars
4216:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4123:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4093:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
3984:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
3762:
3727:
3697:
3672:
3629:
3503:
3380:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
3161:
1933:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1587:
997:Quartu Sant'Elena was struck by
260:
253:
204:
192:
181:
162:
150:
139:
48:
4554:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
4301:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4226:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
3437:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
3432:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3412:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
3240:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2158:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
4827:Women in the French Revolution
4429:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
3606:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
3270:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
2899:French invasion of Switzerland
1616:French expedition to Sardinia
786:, under instructions from the
1:
4832:Incroyables and merveilleuses
4651:Pierre Claude François Daunou
4439:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
3570:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
3541:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
2838:Naval Engagement off Brittany
2591:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
2565:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2374:Constitution of the Year VIII
2109:Committee of General Security
1994:National Legislative Assembly
1849:National Constituent Assembly
1594:French expedition to Sardinia
745:French expedition to Sardinia
543:Italian campaign of 1796-1797
35:French expedition to Sardinia
4919:Military history of Sardinia
4750:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4544:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
4434:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
4331:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4231:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
3921:Charles Malo François Lameth
3596:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3427:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3370:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
2570:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2257:Constitution of the Year III
980:Landing at Quartu Sant'Elena
919:; the local government, the
4646:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4271:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4206:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4166:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4045:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4030:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
4025:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
3834:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
3687:William V, Prince of Orange
2557:First Battle of Wissembourg
2514:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2230:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2099:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
2056:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
1916:Abolition of the Parlements
1889:Women's March on Versailles
1142:War of the Second Coalition
827:popular revolts in Sardinia
4940:
4781:French Republican calendar
4336:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
3961:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
3315:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3265:Charles François Dumouriez
3255:Jacques François Dugommier
3069:League of Armed Neutrality
2902:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
2854:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
2677:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2656:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2320:Second Congress of Rastatt
2104:Committee of Public Safety
2091:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
1092:of 23 ships under Admiral
753:War of the First Coalition
317:War of the First Coalition
4796:Cult of the Supreme Being
4724:
4713:
4619:
4608:
3956:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
3811:Patriotic Society of 1789
3798:
3614:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
3536:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
3148:
3053:Convention of Alessandria
2394:
2339:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
1800:What Is the Third Estate?
1753:
1668:
1502:Gregory, Desmond (1985).
851:French Revolutionary Wars
757:French Revolutionary Wars
751:in the first year of the
600:
523:Rhine campaign of 1793–94
330:
248:
231:
216:
174:
132:
124:Spanish-Sardinian victory
62:
47:
39:
4504:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
4469:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4351:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
4321:François-Nicolas Vincent
4306:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
3480:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3375:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3355:François Séverin Marceau
3335:François Joseph Lefebvre
3230:Jean-Étienne Championnet
3205:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3200:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3195:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3185:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
2907:French Invasion of Egypt
2785:Second Battle of Bassano
2519:Battle of Kaiserslautern
2293:Conspiracy of the Equals
1986:The Constitution of 1791
1857:Storming of the Bastille
1623:Battle of Kaiserslautern
4484:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4356:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4316:Antoine-François Momoro
4311:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4128:François de Neufchâteau
4078:Charles-François Lebrun
4020:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
3901:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
3777:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
3583:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
3578:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3210:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
3024:Second Battle of Zurich
2915:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2761:First Battle of Bassano
2599:Second Battle of Boulou
2400:Revolutionary campaigns
2358:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2273:Council of Five Hundred
2061:First republic declared
1997:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1978:Declaration of Pillnitz
1702:Constitutional monarchy
1573:. London: John Murray.
4813:
4772:
4748:
4729:
4241:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
4236:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4146:Maximilien Robespierre
3979:Jacques Pierre Brissot
3844:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
3275:Louis-Charles de Flers
3260:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3225:Jean François Carteaux
3000:First Battle of Zurich
2963:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
2918:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
2878:Treaty of Campo Formio
2624:Glorious First of June
2552:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
2511:Expedition to Sardinia
2189:Desmoulins guillotined
2124:Assassination of Marat
2116:Fall of the Girondists
2088:Revolutionary Tribunal
2080:Execution of Louis XVI
1970:Champ de Mars massacre
1873:Abolition of Feudalism
1545:McLynn, Frank (1998).
1158:self-governing kingdom
538:Rhine campaign of 1796
533:Rhine campaign of 1795
498:Mediterranean campaign
274:Location within Europe
240:300 killed and wounded
175:Commanders and leaders
4686:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3951:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3931:Jean-François Rewbell
3417:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3300:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3290:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3061:Battle of Hohenlinden
2934:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
2769:Battle of Emmendingen
2716:Battle of Castiglione
2603:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
2534:Battle of Hondschoote
2205:Thermidorian Reaction
2169:(throughout the year)
1942:Fête de la Fédération
1868:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
1852:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
1836:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
1547:Napoleon: A Biography
1134:Castle of San Michele
1068:Santo Stefano channel
957:St Thomas the Apostle
232:Casualties and losses
4614:Influential thinkers
4361:Jean-François Varlet
4261:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4256:Jean Bon Saint-André
4083:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4005:Marquis de Condorcet
3854:Nicolas de Condorcet
3619:Dagobert von Wurmser
3452:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3395:Pierre-Jacques Osten
3310:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3245:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3235:Chapuis de Tourville
2777:Battle of Schliengen
2724:Battle of Theiningen
2645:Battle of Aldenhoven
2529:Battle of Wattignies
2498:Battle of Neerwinden
2312:Coup of 18 Fructidor
1825:Death of the Dauphin
1596:at Wikimedia Commons
1565:Smyth, William Henry
1112:was set on fire and
1023:La Maddalena debacle
271:class=notpageimage|
4894:War of the Pyrenees
4701:Mary Wollstonecraft
4479:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4266:Pierre Louis Prieur
4211:Jean-Henri Voulland
4186:Jacques-Louis David
4118:Jean Joseph Mounier
3819:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3457:Belgrand de Vaubois
3345:Jean-Antoine Marbot
3285:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3090:Treaty of Lunéville
2729:Battle of Neresheim
2674:Siege of Luxembourg
2653:Siege of Luxembourg
2608:Battle of Tourcoing
2539:Siege of Bellegarde
2366:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2278:Council of Ancients
2053:National Convention
2045:September Massacres
2021:Brunswick Manifesto
2013:France declares war
1780:Assembly of Vizille
1549:. London: Pimlico.
1530:. London: Cassell.
1169:Trogoff de Kerlessy
1149:National Convention
1138:Charles Emmanuel IV
1039:. Corsica had been
979:
863:Kingdom of Sardinia
788:National Convention
769:Kingdom of Sardinia
592:War of the Pyrenees
518:East Indies Theatre
508:War of the Pyrenees
227:Mediterranean Fleet
101: /
42:War of the Pyrenees
4539:Loménie de Brienne
4514:Madame de Lamballe
4449:Napoléon Bonaparte
4246:Prieur de la Marne
4161:Camille Desmoulins
4015:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
3891:Jean-Sifrein Maury
3886:Arnaud de La Porte
3742:Alexander Korsakov
3528:Count of Clerfayt
3447:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3360:Auguste de Marmont
3215:Napoléon Bonaparte
3106:Algeciras campaign
3098:Treaty of Florence
2976:Battle of Stockach
2809:Ireland expedition
2793:Battle of Calliano
2753:Battle of Rovereto
2745:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
2197:Law of 22 Prairial
2166:Anti-clerical laws
2141:The Death of Marat
1962:Flight to Varennes
1057:Napoleon Bonaparte
901:Victor Amadeus III
859:Kingdom of Prussia
811:Napoleon Bonaparte
697:Sans Culottes Camp
188:Domenico Millelire
4884:Conflicts in 1793
4879:Conflicts in 1792
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4738:Cockade of France
4709:
4708:
4671:Antoine Lavoisier
4661:Benjamin Franklin
4641:Anacharsis Cloots
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4524:Louis de Breteuil
4366:Theophile Leclerc
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3747:Alexander Suvorov
3488:
3487:
3422:JĂłzef Poniatowski
3340:Étienne Macdonald
3144:
3143:
3045:Battle of Marengo
3008:Battle of Trebbia
2992:Battle of Cassano
2984:Battle of Magnano
2968:Battle of Ostrach
2870:Battle of Neuwied
2632:Battle of Fleurus
2616:Battle of Tournay
2493:War in the Vendée
2429:Royalist Revolts
2390:
2389:
1947:
1923:Abolition of the
1841:Tennis Court Oath
1833:National Assembly
1662:French Revolution
1629:
1628:
1619:Succeeded by
1592:Media related to
1515:978-0-8386-3225-3
1128:were furious and
986:Quartu Sant'Elena
933:Golfo di Cagliari
913:French Revolution
800:Quartu Sant'Elena
775:in the south and
749:Mediterranean Sea
738:
737:
556:
555:
548:Anglo-Spanish War
528:Atlantic campaign
513:Italian campaigns
503:War in the Vendée
488:Flanders campaign
282:
281:
128:
127:
84:Mediterranean Sea
16:(Redirected from
4931:
4818:
4806:Temple of Reason
4777:
4753:
4734:
4715:
4666:Thomas Jefferson
4610:
4529:de Chateaubriand
4459:Joseph Bonaparte
4454:Lucien Bonaparte
4444:Marie Antoinette
4399:
4386:Sylvain Maréchal
4341:François Hanriot
4176:Louis Philippe I
4103:Louis Philippe I
4098:Philippe Égalité
4040:Olympe de Gouges
4010:Charlotte Corday
4000:Étienne Clavière
3800:
3782:Antonio Ricardos
3767:
3766:
3752:Andrei Rosenberg
3732:
3731:
3702:
3701:
3677:
3676:
3647:Ralph Abercromby
3634:
3633:
3609:
3586:
3573:
3565:
3557:
3544:
3531:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3403:
3350:Marcellin Marbot
3173:
3166:
3165:
3154:Military leaders
3150:
3137:
3129:
3125:Treaty of Amiens
3110:
3102:
3094:
3073:
3065:
3057:
3049:
3028:
3027:(25–26 Sep 1799)
3020:
3012:
3011:(17–20 Jun 1799)
3004:
2996:
2995:(27–28 Apr 1799)
2988:
2980:
2972:
2971:(20–21 Mar 1799)
2964:
2956:
2952:Second Coalition
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2882:
2874:
2866:
2862:Treaty of Leoben
2858:
2850:
2849:(14–15 Jan 1797)
2846:Battle of Rivoli
2842:
2834:
2830:Italian campaign
2813:
2805:
2804:(15–17 Nov 1796)
2801:Battle of Arcole
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2737:Battle of Amberg
2733:
2720:
2712:
2708:Battle of Lonato
2704:
2700:Italian campaign
2678:
2657:
2649:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2595:
2574:
2573:(26–27 Dec 1793)
2561:
2553:
2515:
2507:
2503:Battle of Famars
2471:
2396:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2343:
2324:
2316:
2297:
2289:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2234:
2226:
2218:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1965:(20–21 Jun 1791)
1945:
1937:
1929:
1920:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1784:
1776:
1772:Day of the Tiles
1755:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1607:Battle of Famars
1603:Preceded by
1600:
1591:
1577:
1560:
1541:
1524:Ireland, Bernard
1519:
1498:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1350:Chandler, p.xxiv
1348:
1342:
1339:
1330:
1327:
1316:
1313:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1279:
1276:
1265:
1262:
1253:
1250:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1212:
1208:Tommaso Napoli,
1206:
1126:Sardinian people
1053:Bonaparte family
1008:ship of the line
917:Sardinian people
865:, split between
857:, allied to the
686:Western Pyrenees
665:2nd Sant Llorenç
660:1st Sant Llorenç
604:Eastern Pyrenees
595:
593:
583:
576:
569:
560:
325:
318:
308:
301:
294:
285:
264:
263:
257:
209:
208:
207:
197:
196:
195:
186:
185:
184:
167:
166:
165:
155:
154:
153:
144:
143:
116:
115:
113:
112:
111:
106:
105:40.000°N 9.000°E
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
64:
63:
52:
32:
21:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4856:
4731:La Marseillaise
4720:
4719:Cultural impact
4705:
4615:
4596:
4563:
4519:Madame du Barry
4509:Catherine Théot
4499:Thérésa Tallien
4390:
4381:Gracchus Babeuf
4326:François Chabot
4283:
4275:
4196:Georges Couthon
4191:Marquis de Sade
4156:Jean-Paul Marat
4132:
4088:Bertrand Barère
4054:
3965:
3946:Boissy d'Anglas
3941:Madame de Staël
3906:Antoine Barnave
3874:
3867:
3858:
3805:
3786:
3761:
3756:
3726:
3721:
3696:
3691:
3671:
3666:
3628:
3623:
3607:
3584:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3542:
3529:
3518:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
3502:
3484:
3466:
3407:Nicolas Oudinot
3397:
3330:Claude Lecourbe
3325:Charles Leclerc
3220:Guillaume Brune
3190:Pierre Augereau
3160:
3155:
3140:
3135:
3133:Treaty of Paris
3127:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3031:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2954:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2856:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2686:
2676:
2660:
2655:
2647:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2593:
2577:
2572:
2559:
2551:
2549:Siege of Toulon
2513:
2505:
2488:First Coalition
2474:
2465:
2401:
2386:
2376:
2368:
2360:
2346:
2341:
2327:
2322:
2314:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2150:Law of Suspects
2144:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2098:
2096:Reign of Terror
2090:
2082:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1950:
1935:
1927:
1918:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1876:(4–11 Aug 1789)
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1809:RĂ©veillon riots
1803:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1760:
1749:
1664:
1659:
1620:
1615:
1604:
1584:
1563:
1557:
1544:
1538:
1522:
1516:
1501:
1495:
1481:Chandler, David
1479:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1319:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1190:Siege of Toulon
1185:French monarchy
1173:Reign of Terror
1154:invaded Corsica
1094:Juan de Lángara
1085:
1025:
992:and a tower at
982:
929:
927:Storm and siege
890:Laurent Truguet
861:. Although the
855:Austrian Empire
847:
784:Laurent Truguet
761:French Republic
741:
740:
739:
734:
716:
596:
591:
589:
587:
557:
552:
484:
326:
316:
314:
312:
278:
277:
276:
275:
273:
267:
266:
265:
244:2 frigates sunk
243:
241:
226:
211:Laurent Truguet
205:
203:
199:Juan de Lángara
193:
191:
190:
182:
180:
163:
161:
151:
149:
148:
138:
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
86:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4937:
4935:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4871:
4870:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4801:Cult of Reason
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4745:
4743:Flag of France
4740:
4735:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4606:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4582:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4549:Jacques Necker
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4371:Claire Lacombe
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4296:Jacques HĂ©bert
4292:
4290:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4151:Georges Danton
4148:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3995:Henri Grégoire
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3936:Camille Jordan
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3640:
3638:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3580:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3546:
3538:
3533:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3170:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3016:Battle of Novi
3013:
3005:
3003:(4–7 Jun 1799)
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
2965:
2957:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2798:
2796:(6–7 Nov 1796)
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2726:
2721:
2713:
2711:(3–4 Aug 1796)
2705:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2682:Peace of Basel
2679:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2637:
2629:
2621:
2613:
2605:
2596:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Siege of Mainz
2521:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2460:
2455:
2453:Siege of Mainz
2450:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2285:13 Vendémiaire
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2262:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2210:
2202:
2194:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2137:
2132:Levée en masse
2129:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2093:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2037:10th of August
2034:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1938:
1930:
1921:
1919:(Feb–Jul 1790)
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1617:
1610:
1598:
1597:
1583:
1582:External links
1580:
1579:
1578:
1561:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1520:
1514:
1499:
1493:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1458:Ireland, p.264
1451:
1449:Ireland, p.177
1442:
1440:Ireland, p.170
1433:
1431:Ireland, p.163
1424:
1422:Ireland, p.158
1415:
1406:
1404:Gregory, p.158
1397:
1395:Gregory, p.107
1388:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1331:
1317:
1305:
1303:Ireland, p.145
1296:
1280:
1266:
1254:
1236:
1227:
1213:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1162:British Empire
1152:British force
1084:
1081:
1049:Colonna Cesari
1037:Pasquale Paoli
1024:
1021:
981:
978:
965:Saint Ephesius
928:
925:
846:
843:
767:, part of the
736:
735:
733:
732:
727:
722:
715:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
692:Château-Pignon
688:
687:
683:
682:
677:
675:Black Mountain
672:
670:2nd Bellegarde
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:1st Bellegarde
612:
606:
605:
601:
598:
597:
588:
586:
585:
578:
571:
563:
554:
553:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
331:
328:
327:
313:
311:
310:
303:
296:
288:
280:
279:
269:
268:
259:
258:
252:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
238:
234:
233:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
214:
213:
201:
177:
176:
172:
171:
159:
135:
134:
130:
129:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:
60:
59:
45:
44:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4936:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4867:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:Sans-culottes
4811:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4786:Metric system
4784:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4716:
4712:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4611:
4607:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4585:Panthéon Club
4583:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Joachim Murat
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:Gilbert Romme
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:de Cambacérès
4071:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:Madame Roland
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:André Chénier
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:Grace Elliott
3879:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3797:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3442:Joseph Souham
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3385:Joachim Murat
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:André Masséna
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3136:(25 Jun 1802)
3134:
3131:
3128:(25 Mar 1802)
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3107:
3104:
3101:(18 Mar 1801)
3099:
3096:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3059:
3056:(15 Jun 1800)
3054:
3051:
3048:(14 Jun 1800)
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3025:
3022:
3019:(15 Aug 1799)
3017:
3014:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2979:(25 Mar 1799)
2977:
2974:
2969:
2966:
2961:
2960:Siege of Acre
2958:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2932:
2931:Peasants' War
2929:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2881:(17 Oct 1797)
2879:
2876:
2873:(18 Apr 1797)
2871:
2868:
2865:(17 Apr 1797)
2863:
2860:
2857:(25 Jan 1797)
2855:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2841:(13 Jan 1797)
2839:
2836:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2810:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2783:
2780:(26 Oct 1796)
2778:
2775:
2772:(19 Oct 1796)
2770:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2740:(24 Aug 1796)
2738:
2735:
2732:(11 Aug 1796)
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:(26 Jun 1794)
2633:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2619:(22 May 1794)
2617:
2614:
2611:(18 May 1794)
2609:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2594:(24 Apr 1794)
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2560:(13 Oct 1793)
2558:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2506:(23 May 1793)
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2380:
2377:(24 Dec 1799)
2375:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2361:(18 Jun 1799)
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2342:(11 May 1798)
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2260:(22 Aug 1795)
2258:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2233:(11 Nov 1794)
2231:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2217:(28 Jul 1794)
2214:
2211:
2208:(27 Jul 1794)
2206:
2203:
2200:(10 Jun 1794)
2198:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2164:
2161:(16 Oct 1793)
2159:
2156:
2153:(17 Sep 1793)
2151:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:(23 Aug 1793)
2133:
2130:
2127:(13 Jul 1793)
2125:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2083:(21 Jan 1793)
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2064:(22 Sep 1792)
2062:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2040:(10 Aug 1792)
2038:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2024:(25 Jul 1792)
2022:
2019:
2016:(20 Apr 1792)
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1981:(27 Aug 1791)
1979:
1976:
1973:(17 Jul 1791)
1971:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1946:(14 Jul 1790)
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:(12 Jul 1790)
1934:
1931:
1928:(23 Jun 1790)
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1884:(26 Aug 1789)
1882:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1860:(14 Jul 1789)
1858:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1844:(20 Jun 1789)
1842:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1828:(4 June 1789)
1826:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1812:(28 Apr 1789)
1810:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1783:(21 Jul 1788)
1781:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1688:Ancien RĂ©gime
1685:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1556:0-7126-6247-2
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1537:0-3043-6726-5
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1494:1-84022-203-4
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1467:McLynn, p.302
1464:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1413:Ireland, p.81
1410:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1386:Gregory, p.65
1383:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1315:Gregory, p.26
1312:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:Spanish fleet
1082:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
977:
975:
970:
966:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
886:
884:
880:
879:republicanism
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:, during the
754:
750:
746:
731:
730:Gulf of Roses
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:2nd Collioure
653:
651:
648:
646:
645:1st Collioure
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
599:
594:
584:
579:
577:
572:
570:
565:
564:
561:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
332:
329:
323:
319:
309:
304:
302:
297:
295:
290:
289:
286:
272:
256:
247:
239:
236:
235:
230:
224:
221:
220:
215:
212:
202:
200:
189:
179:
178:
173:
170:
160:
158:
147:
142:
137:
136:
131:
123:
120:
119:
114:
110:40.000; 9.000
85:
81:
77:
74:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4866:
4822:Phrygian cap
4767:Bastille Day
4681:Thomas Paine
4636:Edmund Burke
4631:Beaumarchais
4625:Les Lumières
4623:
4464:Joseph Fesch
4376:Pauline LĂ©on
4346:Jacques Roux
4285:
3869:
3295:Lazare Hoche
3280:Paul Grenier
3250:Louis Desaix
3109:(8 Jul 1801)
3093:(9 Feb 1801)
3064:(3 Dec 1800)
2987:(5 Apr 1799)
2788:(6 Nov 1796)
2764:(8 Sep 1796)
2756:(4 Sep 1796)
2748:(3 Sep 1796)
2719:(5 Aug 1796)
2648:(2 Oct 1794)
2627:(1 Jun 1794)
2510:
2369:(9 Nov 1799)
2315:(4 Sep 1797)
2252:(1 Apr 1795)
2222:White Terror
2215:guillotined
2192:(5 Apr 1794)
2139:
2119:(2 Jun 1793)
1989:(3 Sep 1791)
1940:
1900:(2 Nov 1789)
1892:(5 Oct 1789)
1820:(5 May 1789)
1798:
1775:(7 Jun 1788)
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1621:
1612:
1605:
1574:
1569:
1546:
1527:
1504:
1484:
1474:Bibliography
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1341:McLynn, p.60
1329:McLynn, p.59
1299:
1234:McLynn, p.58
1230:
1209:
1204:
1166:
1146:
1130:civil unrest
1118:
1107:
1101:
1096:sailed from
1086:
1061:
1045:La Maddalena
1032:
1026:
1011:
1004:
983:
961:
945:Sant'Antioco
930:
898:
887:
848:
829:against the
823:Sant'Antioco
804:
781:
777:La Maddalena
744:
742:
725:Fort-Dauphin
625:Peyrestortes
440:Newfoundland
405:Altenkirchen
379:
242:200 captured
133:Belligerents
4691:Abbé Sieyès
4676:Montesquieu
4592:Social Club
4534:Jean Chouan
4424:Louis XVIII
4201:Roger Ducos
4171:Paul Barras
4138:Montagnards
4068:Abbé Sieyès
3871:monarchiens
3679:Netherlands
3608:(Hungarian)
3556:(Hungarian)
3472:French Navy
3398: [
3320:Jean Lannes
3177:French Army
2955:(1798–1802)
2926:(1798–1800)
2910:(1798–1801)
2640:Chouannerie
2601:(Pyrenees)
2466: [
2433:Chouannerie
2225:(Fall 1794)
2213:Robespierre
1377:Smyth, p.62
1368:Smyth, p.60
1359:Smyth, p.59
1294:Smyth, p.57
1278:Smyth, p.55
1264:Smyth, p.53
1252:Smyth, p.54
1160:within the
974:heated shot
640:Villelongue
493:Chouannerie
108: /
4873:Categories
4580:Cordeliers
4494:Talleyrand
4419:Louis XVII
4281:HĂ©bertists
4035:Jean Debry
3865:Feuillants
3494:Opposition
3390:Michel Ney
2812:(Dec 1796)
2420:Thionville
2323:(Dec 1797)
2296:(May 1796)
2288:5 Oct 1795
2265:Directoire
2145:(painting)
2048:(Sep 1792)
2032:(Jun 1792)
1865:Great Fear
1804:(Jan 1789)
1695:Revolution
1197:References
941:San Pietro
845:Background
839:Royal Navy
819:San Pietro
792:Sardinians
650:2nd Boulou
635:1st Boulou
395:Den Helder
390:Guadeloupe
385:Martinique
355:Thionville
335:Porrentruy
4414:Louis XVI
4409:Charles X
4060:The Plain
3971:Girondins
3911:Lafayette
3572:(Walloon)
3554:Pál Kray
3530:(Walloon)
3072:(1800–02)
2923:Quasi-War
2382:Consulate
2268:(1795–99)
1723:Consulate
1716:Directory
1483:(1999) .
1181:Girondist
1177:Lord Hood
1098:Cartagena
1083:Aftermath
999:grapeshot
994:Calamosca
990:lazaretto
949:irregular
909:Catholics
707:Orbaizeta
620:Perpignan
480:Diersheim
470:Fishguard
430:Neresheim
340:Quiévrain
4924:Napoleon
4774:Panthéon
4762:Muscadin
4757:Marianne
4696:Voltaire
4575:Jacobins
4568:Factions
4108:Mirabeau
3564:(French)
2458:Jemappes
2442:Dauphiné
1925:Nobility
1737:Journals
1730:Glossary
1709:Republic
1681:Timeline
1575:Truguet.
1567:(1828).
1526:(2005).
1121:Stamenti
1114:scuttled
1109:Richmond
1072:corvette
1033:de facto
1017:frigates
921:Stamenti
894:Cagliari
875:Sardinia
871:Piedmont
831:Savoyard
807:Corsican
773:Cagliari
765:Sardinia
630:Truillas
460:Biberach
455:2nd Kehl
445:WĂĽrzburg
420:1st Kehl
415:Kircheib
400:Siegburg
380:Sardinia
375:Jemappes
345:Marquain
217:Strength
146:Sardinia
80:Sardinia
75:Location
56:Cagliari
40:Part of
4656:Diderot
4402:Figures
4287:Enragés
3993:Father
3704:Prussia
3636:Britain
3585:(Saxon)
3543:(Swiss)
3510:Austria
1064:Ajaccio
1029:Corsica
1012:LĂ©opard
969:Swedish
953:sniping
951:forces
841:fleet.
815:Spanish
712:Bascara
610:Mas Deu
475:Neuwied
465:Ireland
450:Limburg
410:Wetzlar
96:09°00′E
93:40°00′N
4395:Others
3734:Russia
3168:France
2833:(1797)
2703:(1796)
2438:Vendée
2415:Verdun
2242:1795–6
2185:Danton
1744:Museum
1674:Causes
1553:
1534:
1512:
1491:
1103:Helène
937:Palmas
883:Toulon
835:Toulon
720:Toulon
702:Baztan
435:Amberg
425:Malsch
350:Verdun
222:10,000
169:France
121:Result
58:, 1793
4852:Films
3769:Spain
3402:]
2470:]
2463:Namur
2448:Lille
2425:Valmy
1077:spike
905:Turin
867:Savoy
680:Roses
370:Mainz
365:Lille
360:Valmy
237:Minor
225:5,000
157:Spain
4284:and
3868:and
3118:1802
3082:1801
3037:1800
2944:1799
2891:1798
2822:1797
2692:1796
2666:1795
2583:1794
2480:1793
2407:1792
2351:1799
2332:1798
2305:1797
2187:and
2178:1794
2073:1793
2006:1792
1955:1791
1909:1790
1792:1789
1765:1788
1551:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1510:ISBN
1489:ISBN
943:and
869:and
849:The
821:and
796:gale
743:The
322:List
67:Date
3644:Sir
903:in
4875::
3400:fr
2468:fr
1334:^
1320:^
1308:^
1283:^
1269:^
1257:^
1239:^
1216:^
1144:.
1059:.
1055:,
802:.
82:,
1654:e
1647:t
1640:v
1559:.
1540:.
1518:.
1497:.
582:e
575:t
568:v
324:)
320:(
307:e
300:t
293:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
