938:, cracking them open with their beaks, this monkey will select a few of the ripest fruits, nip off the tip of the fruit and drink down the juice, then seemingly discard the rest of the fruit with the nut inside. When these discarded fruits have hardened and become slightly brittle, the capuchin will gather them up again and take them to a large flat boulder where they have previously gathered a few river stones from up to a mile away. They will then use these stones, some of them weighing as much as the monkeys, to crack open the fruit to get to the nut inside. Young capuchins will watch this process to learn from the older, more experienced adults but it takes them 8 years to master this. The learning behavior of capuchins has been demonstrated to be directly linked to a reward rather than curiosity.
893:
outer areas may overlap. The stabilization of group dynamics is served through mutual grooming, and communication occurs between the monkeys through various calls. Their vocal communications have various meanings such as creating contact with one another, warning about a predator, and forming new groups. The social experience of the capuchins directly influences the development of attention in society. They create new social behaviors within multiple groups that signify different types of interactions. These include; tests of friendship, displays against enemies, infant and sexual intimacy. This creates social rituals that are designed to test the strength of social bonds and a reliance on social learning.
831:. Capuchins are polygamous, and the females mate throughout the year, but only go through a gestation period once every 2 years between December and April. Females bear young every two years following a 160- to 180-day gestation. The young cling to their mother's chest until they are larger, then they move to her back. Adult male capuchin rarely take part in caring for the young. Juveniles become fully mature within four years for females and eight years for males. In captivity, individuals have reached an age of 50 years, although natural life expectancy is only 15 to 25 years. Capuchins live in groups of 6–40 members, consisting of related females, their offspring, and several males.
875:. Recent findings of old stone tools in Capuchin habitats have suggested that recently the Capuchins have switched from small nuts, such as cashews, to larger and harder nuts. Capuchins have also been observed to be particularly good at catching frogs. They are characterized as innovative and extreme foragers because of their ability to acquire sustenance from a wide collection of unlikely food, which may assure their survival in habitats with extreme food limitation. Capuchins living near water will also eat crabs and shellfish by cracking their shells with stones.
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the day. The canopy of the trees allows for protection from threats above, and the capuchin monkeys' innate ability to climb trees with ease allows them to escape and hide from predators on the jungle floor. This environment is mutually beneficial for the capuchins and for the ecosystem in which they inhabit. This is because they spread their seed leftovers and fecal matter across the
1103:
assistance animals because of animal welfare concerns, the potential for serious injury to people, and risks that primates may transfer dangerous diseases to humans. In 2021, Helping Hands (the organization that provided helper monkeys to disabled persons) rebranded, changing its name to
Envisioning Access and replaced the use of monkeys with a focus on new assistive technologies.
447:
who then evolved into the gracile capuchins. Those in the
Atlantic Forest south of the river evolved into the robust capuchins. Gracile capuchins have longer limbs relative to their body size than robust capuchins, and have rounder skulls, whereas robust capuchins have jaws better adapted for opening hard nuts. Robust capuchins have crests and the males have beards.
2747:
392:) they noted that: "his muzzle of a tanned color, ... with the lighter color around his eyes that melts into the white at the front, his cheeks ..., give him the looks that involuntarily reminds us of the appearance that historically in our country represents ignorance, laziness, and sensuality." The scientific name of the genus,
995:
When presented with a reflection, females gazed into their own eyes and made friendly gestures, such as lip-smacking and swaying. Males made more eye contact than with strangers or familiar monkeys but reacted with signs of confusion or distress, such as squealing, curling up on the floor, or trying
883:
Capuchin monkeys often live in large groups of 10 to 35 individuals within the forest, although they can easily adapt to places colonized by humans. The
Capuchins have discrete hierarchies that are distinguished by age and sex. Usually, a single male will dominate the group, and he will have primary
802:
Capuchins prefer environments that give them access to shelter and easy food, such as low-lying forests, mountain forests, and rain forests. They are particularly abundant in
Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Paraguay, and Peru. They use these areas for shelter at night and food access during
901:
Capuchin females often direct most of their proceptive and mating behavior towards the alpha male. However, when the female reaches the end of her proceptive period, she may sometimes mate with up to six different subordinate males in one day. Strictly targeting the alpha male does not happen every
892:
groups are led by both an alpha male and an alpha female. Each group will cover a large territory, since members must search for the best areas to feed. These primates are territorial animals, distinctly marking a central area of their territory with urine and defending it against intruders, though
793:
or whitish, but their exact color and pattern depends on the species involved. Capuchin monkeys are usually dark brown with a cream/off-white coloring around their necks. They reach a length of 30 to 56 cm (12 to 22 in), with tails that are just as long as the body. On average, they weigh
446:
According to genetic studies led by Lynch Alfaro in 2011, the gracile and robust capuchins diverged approximately 6.2 million years ago. Lynch Alfaro suspects that the divergence was triggered by the creation of the Amazon River, which separated the monkeys in the Amazon north of the Amazon River,
1102:
In 2010, the U.S. federal government revised its definition of service animal under the
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Non-human primates are no longer recognized as service animals under the ADA. The American Veterinary Medical Association does not support the use of nonhuman primates as
1718:
Bloch, Jonathan I.; Woodruff, Emily D.; Wood, Aaron R.; Rincon, Aldo F.; Harrington, Arianna R.; Morgan, Gary S.; Foster, David A.; Montes, Camilo; Jaramillo, Carlos A.; Jud, Nathan A.; Jones, Douglas S.; MacFadden, Bruce J. (2016). "First North
American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical
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In 2005, experiments were conducted on the ability of capuchins to use money. After several months of training, the monkeys began exhibiting behaviors considered to reflect an understanding of the concept of a medium of exchange that were previously believed to be restricted to humans (such as
1015:
scenario, where one trainer can be observed to know the location of food and another trainer merely guesses the location of food, capuchin monkeys can learn to rely on the knower. This has, however, been repudiated as conclusive evidence for a theory of mind as the monkeys may have learned to
1036:, nearly all species are decreasing in population, with many facing threats of extinction. Since capuchins have a high reproductive rate and can adapt to different living environments, they can survive forest loss more than some other species, however,
902:
time, as some females have been observed to mate with three to four different males. When an alpha female and a lower-ranking female want to mate with an alpha male, the more dominant female will get rights to the male over the lower-ranking one.
974:
Most animals react to seeing their reflections as if encountering another individual they do not recognize. An experiment with capuchins shows that they react to a reflection as a strange phenomenon, but not as if seeing a strange capuchin.
925:
The capuchin is considered to be the most intelligent New World monkey and is often used in laboratories. The tufted monkey is especially noted for its long-term tool usage, one of the few examples of primate tool use other than by
1919:
Ferrari SF, Iwanaga S, Ravetta AL, Freitas FC, Sousa BAR, Souza LL, Costa CG, Coutinho PEG (2003). "Dynamics of
Primate Communities along the Santarém-Cuiabá Highway in South-Central Brazilian Amazonia". In Marsh LK (ed.).
387:
in the 15th century, they found small monkeys whose coloring resembled these friars, especially when in their robes with hoods down, and named them capuchins. When the scientists described a specimen (thought to be a
1010:
The question of whether capuchin monkeys have a theory of mind—whether they can understand what another creature may know or think—has been neither proven nor disproven conclusively. If confronted with a
971:
When presented with a reflection, capuchin monkeys react in a way that indicates an intermediate state between seeing the mirror as another individual and recognizing the image as self.
1087:
Capuchins have been used as service animals, and were once referred to as "nature's butlers" by the AARP. Helping Hands, a nonprofit organization, trained capuchin monkeys to assist
1134:
1084:. Sometimes they plunder fields and crops and are seen as troublesome by nearby human populations. In some regions, they have become rare due to the destruction of their habitat.
1020:
did not possess a theory of mind either, although recent research indicates this may not be correct. Human children commonly develop a theory of mind around the ages 3 and 4.
992:
In scenario 1, females appeared anxious and avoided eye-contact, while males made threatening gestures. In scenario 2, there was little reaction by either males or females.
2441:
Kuroshima, Hika; Fujita, Kazuo; Fuyuki, Akira; Masuda, Tsuyuka (March 2002). "Understanding of the relationship between seeing and knowing by tufted capuchin monkeys (
2219:
Edwards, Brian J.; Rottman, Benjamin M.; Shankar, Maya; Betzler, Riana; Chituc, Vladimir; Rodriguez, Ricardo; Silva, Liara; Wibecan, Leah; Widness, Jane (2014-02-19).
1427:
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2942:
2192:
Boinski, S.; Quatrone, R. P. & Swartz, H. (2008). "Substrate and Tool Use by Brown
Capuchins in Suriname: Ecological Contexts and Cognitive Bases".
551:
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781:, is estimated to have lived 21 million years ago. It is the earliest known fossil evidence of a mammal travelling between South and North America.
2683:
2628:
3273:
2170:
1139:
859:, and consume a variety of plant parts such as leaves, flower and fruit, seeds, pith, woody tissue, sugarcane, bulb, and exudates, as well as
2789:
1937:
1828:
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1219:
2657:
2987:
2870:
506:
479:
2897:
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Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; Silva, j.; Rylands, A.B. (2012). "How
Different Are Robust and Gracile Capuchin Monkeys? An Argument for the Use of
560:
2951:
1953:
Van Belle, Sarie; Estrada, Alejandro; Garber, Paul A. (2012). "Collective group movement and leadership in wild black howler monkeys (
1650:
578:
2131:
1617:
1117:
587:
360:. In Central America, where they are called white-faced monkeys ("carablanca"), they usually occupy the wet lowland forests on the
2345:
Valderrama, X.; et al. (2000). "Seasonal
Anointment with Millipedes in a Wild Primate: A Chemical Defense Against Insects?".
348:" monkey, and have been used in many movies and television shows. The range of capuchin monkeys includes some tropical forests in
3150:
2969:
497:
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470:
380:
131:
2016:
Fragaszy, Dorothy M.; Eshchar, Yonat; Visalberghi, Elisabetta; Resende, Briseida; Laity, Kellie; Izar, Patrícia (2017-07-25).
3291:
2888:
461:
376:
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2978:
1458:
1428:"Explosive Pleistocene range expansion leads to widespread Amazonian sympatry between robust and gracile capuchin monkeys"
569:
412:
of this subfamily remains highly controversial, and alternative treatments than the one listed below have been suggested.
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from 1.4 to 4 kg (3 to 9 pounds) and live up to 25 years old in their natural habitats, and up to 35 in captivity.
3358:
3286:
1283:
Amaral, P. J. S; Finotelo, L. F. M.; De Oliveira, E. H. C; Pissinatti, A.; Nagamachi, C. Y.; Pieczarka, J. C. (2008).
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542:
1682:
156:
2658:"Highlights of the Final Rule to Amend the Department of Justice's Regulation Implementing Title II of the ADA"
910:
524:
253:
851:
The capuchin monkey feeds on a vast range of food types, and is more varied than other monkeys in the family
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which helps new plants to grow, therefore adding to the already abundant foliage that shelters the capuchin.
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2018:"Synchronized practice helps bearded capuchin monkeys learn to extend attention while learning a tradition"
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649:
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Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the Pernambuco Endemism Centre"
3035:
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2236:
2029:
1891:
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Port-Carvalhoa, M.; Ferraria, S. F.; Magalhãesc, C. (2004). "Predation of Crabs by Tufted Capuchins (
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discriminate knower and guess by other means. Until recently it was believed that non-human
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1005:
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726:
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2684:"AVMA Animal Welfare Division Director's Testimony on the Captive Primate Safety Act"
2588:
1603:
1446:
1073:
1033:
943:
353:
73:
2482:
2366:
2331:
2083:
Janson, C. H. (1984). "Female choice and mating system of the brown capuchin monkey
1978:
1798:
1578:
1536:"Experimental Field Study of Problem-Solving Using Tools in Free-Ranging Capuchins (
1517:
1454:
834:
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1877:
1756:
1599:
1088:
804:
790:
345:
123:
1370:
2295:"How Basic Are Behavioral Biases? Evidence from Capuchin Monkey Trading Behavior"
2249:
1812:
Fragaszy, Dorothy M.; Visalberghi, Elisabetta; Fedigan, Linda M. (21 June 2004).
1206:
1205:
Fragaszy, Dorothy M.; Visalberghi, Elisabetta; Fedigan, Linda M. (21 June 2004).
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143:
93:
58:
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2051:
1773:
Izawa, K (1979). "Foods and feeding behaviour of wild black-capped capuchin (
1668:"Rediscovery of Marcgrave's capuchin monkey and designation of a neotype for
1612:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 136–138.
1244:
2609:
2408:
2145:
2042:
1627:
1313:
1017:
978:
In the experiment, capuchins were presented with three different scenarios:
950:
856:
357:
168:
98:
42:
2660:. United States Department of Justice-Civil Rights Division. Archived from
2524:
2474:
2427:
2276:
2069:
1869:
1748:
1641:
Mittermeier, Russell A.; Rylands, Anthony B.; Wilson, Don E., eds. (2012).
1570:
1509:
1332:
982:
Seeing an unfamiliar, same-sex monkey on the other side of a clear barrier.
942:
responding rationally to price shocks). They showed the same propensity to
2746:
1048:, snakes, crocodiles, birds of prey, and humans. The main predator of the
3230:
2829:
2823:
2817:
1348:"Notes on the taxonomy and distributions of the tufted capuchin monkeys (
935:
872:
864:
819:
A capuchin monkey (left) enjoying a massage from another capuchin monkey.
384:
188:
114:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
1740:
985:
Seeing a familiar, same-sex monkey on the other side of a clear barrier.
2799:
2132:
10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(1998)26+<148::AID-AJPA13>3.0.CO;2-U
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1107:
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618:
238:
208:
110:
103:
78:
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1562:
1501:
2811:
885:
228:
198:
178:
3207:
2380:
de Waal, F. B.; Dindo, M.; Freeman, C. A. & Hall, M. J. (2005).
2293:
Chen, M. Keith; Lakshminarayanan, Venkat; Santos, Laurie R. (2006).
2323:
1394:
PhD thesis, Rio de Janeiro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
2548:"Clever critters: Bonobos that share, brainy bugs and social dogs"
1056:, which has been seen bringing several capuchin back to its nest.
1045:
931:
909:
833:
814:
598:
454:
1609:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
2632:
2114:
Lynch, J. W. (1998). "Mating behavior in wild tufted capuchins (
3211:
2771:
2225:) Diagnose Causal Relations in the Absence of a Direct Reward?"
1346:
Rylands, A. B.; Kierulff, M. C. M.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2005).
1410:
1169:
927:
1993:"How new behaviors appear and spread among capuchin monkeys"
1692:
Mendes Pontes, A. R.; Malta, A. & Asfora, P. H. (2006).
1262:. London & Glasgow: William Collins, Sons, and Company.
1289:(Cebidae-Primates) using chromosome painting and G-banding"
2686:. American Veterinary Medicine Association. Archived from
953:
and rub the result on their backs. This acts as a natural
322:
310:
1110:
in film and television, with notable examples including:
325:
307:
301:
1643:
Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates
1040:
is still a threat. Predators include jaguars, cougars,
415:
In 2011, Jessica Lynch Alfaro et al. proposed that the
1135:
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
1028:
Capuchin monkeys are threatened by deforestation, the
1814:"Behavioral ecology: how do capuchins make a living?"
328:
298:
2288:
2286:
1679:
Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro), Zoologia
1032:, and humans hunting for bushmeat. According to the
316:
304:
3220:
3106:
3097:
3009:
2853:
2844:
295:
1068:19th-century organ grinder and his capuchin monkey
1388:Especiação nos macacos-prego e caiararas, gênero
1818:The Complete Capuchin: The Biology of the Genus
1534:; Gomes, D.F. & Bicca-Marquez, J.C. (2011).
1421:
1419:
1208:The Complete Capuchin: The Biology of the Genus
138:) on a tree near a river bank in the jungles of
2589:"Conservación del mono capuchino de Margarita (
2387:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2022:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1768:
1766:
367:and deciduous dry forest on the Pacific coast.
1106:Capuchin monkeys are the most common featured
946:demonstrated by human subjects and investors.
379:, who wear brown robes with large hoods. When
2783:
2382:"The monkey in the mirror: Hardly a stranger"
1260:An illustrated dictionary of scientific terms
8:
1823:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 36–.
1235:Saint-Hilaire, E. G.; Cuvier, F. G. (1924).
988:A mirror showing a reflection of the monkey.
888:with the females of the group. However, the
1382:
1380:
1080:" monkeys, capuchins are sometimes kept as
823:Like most New World monkeys, capuchins are
3208:
3103:
2850:
2790:
2776:
2768:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
122:
31:
2943:Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin (
2608:
2417:
2407:
2313:
2266:
2248:
2059:
2041:
1694:"A new species of capuchin monkey, genus
1666:de Oliveira, M. M.; Langguth, A. (2006).
1411:2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
1322:
1312:
1214:. Cambridge University Press. p. 5.
1681:. Nova Série (523): 1–16. Archived from
1475:
1473:
1471:
1426:Lynch Alfaro, J.W.; et al. (2011).
1063:
443:, have begun using this classification.
2622:
2620:
1190:
949:During the mosquito season, they crush
552:Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin
1924:. New York: Kluwer. pp. 123–144.
1892:"Primate Factsheets: Tufted capuchin (
1402:
1400:
423:group) be placed in a separate genus,
344:. They are readily identified as the "
2593:) en la Isla de Margarita, Venezuela"
2498:"Theory Of Mind In Nonhuman Primates"
473:or Panamanian white-headed capuchin,
375:The word "capuchin" derives from the
7:
2952:Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin (
1178:had a capuchin monkey named Marcel.
464:or Colombian white-headed capuchin,
2898:Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin, (
2871:Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin (
1959:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
1672:Schreber, 1774 (Primates, Cebidae)"
1392:Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Cebidae).
1285:"Phylogenetic studies of the genus
1239:. Paris, impr. de C. de Lasteyrie.
1034:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3151:Central American squirrel monkey (
2101:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1984.tb00098.x
579:Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin
25:
2925:Panamanian white-faced capuchin (
1237:Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères
588:Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin
507:Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin
3364:Extant Miocene first appearances
2988:Marañón white-fronted capuchin (
2889:Colombian white-faced capuchin (
2745:
2734:
2566:IUCN Red List Threatened Species
2118:) in Brazil's Atlantic forest".
1447:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02609.x
711:Sapajus libidinosus paraguayanus
561:Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin
439:. Other primatologists, such as
400:, meaning a long-tailed monkey.
291:
155:
2979:Varied white-fronted capuchin (
2970:Spix's white-fronted capuchin (
2089:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
1551:American Journal of Primatology
1490:American Journal of Primatology
701:Sapajus libidinosus libidinosus
471:Panamanian white-faced capuchin
132:Panamanian white-faced capuchin
3124:Black-capped squirrel monkey (
996:to escape from the test room.
930:including humans. Upon seeing
480:Marañón white-fronted capuchin
462:Colombian white-faced capuchin
435:group) which retain the genus
377:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
27:Subfamily of New World monkeys
1:
2505:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1371:10.35699/2675-5327.2005.22130
570:Varied white-fronted capuchin
498:Spix's white-fronted capuchin
362:Caribbean coast of Costa Rica
3169:Bare-eared squirrel monkey (
3133:Humboldt's squirrel monkey (
2587:Sanz, V; Márquez, L (1994).
2546:Jabr, Ferris (8 June 2010).
2302:Journal of Political Economy
2250:10.1371/journal.pone.0088595
1386:Silva Jr., J. de S. (2001).
1352:, Cebidae) of South America"
1182:is a famous monkey actress.
789:Capuchins are black, brown,
706:Sapajus libidinosus pallidus
696:Sapajus libidinosus juruanus
654:Sapajus apella macrocephalus
2347:Journal of Chemical Ecology
1930:10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_9
750:or robust tufted capuchin,
736:Sapajus nigritus cucullatus
658:Margarita Island capuchin,
3380:
3142:Collins' squirrel monkey (
2862:(Gracile capuchin monkeys)
1645:. Lynx. pp. 412–413.
1258:Rossiter, William (1879).
1072:Easily recognized as the "
1003:
964:
3194:
3160:Guianan squirrel monkey (
3081:Golden-bellied capuchin (
3018:(Robust capuchin monkeys)
2806:
2798:Extant species of family
2517:10.1017/S0140525X98000703
2459:10.1007/s10071-001-0123-6
2206:10.1525/aa.2000.102.4.741
1971:10.1007/s00265-012-1421-5
1413:Accessed 23 November 2008
741:Sapajus nigritus nigritus
670:Sapajus apella tocantinus
660:Sapajus apella margaritae
543:Venezuelan brown capuchin
396:comes from the Greek word
356:as far south as northern
266:
261:
152:Scientific classification
150:
130:
121:
34:
3054:Black-striped capuchin (
1848:) in Eastern Amazonia".
1606:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1097:mobility assistance dogs
1060:Relationship with humans
838:White-fronted capuchin (
798:Habitat and distribution
785:Physical characteristics
768:* Rediscovered species.
645:Sapajus apella fatuellus
525:Chestnut weeper capuchin
3178:Black squirrel monkey (
2961:Wedge-capped capuchin (
2907:Shock-headed capuchin (
2880:Brown weeper capuchin (
2610:10.62015/np.1994.v2.203
2591:Cebus apella margaritae
2562:"Search for "Capuchin""
2409:10.1073/pnas.0503935102
2359:10.1023/A:1026489826714
2194:American Anthropologist
2043:10.1073/pnas.1621071114
1435:Journal of Biogeography
1314:10.1186/1471-2148-8-169
1095:in a manner similar to
775:and member of Cebidae,
771:The oldest known crown
757:Golden-bellied capuchin
665:Sapajus apella peruanus
625:Black-capped, brown or
516:Guianan weeper capuchin
390:golden-bellied capuchin
2550:. Scientific American.
2221:"Do Capuchin Monkeys (
2146:"Black-faced Capuchin"
2120:Am. J. Phys. Anthropol
2087:(Primates: Cebidae)".
1069:
944:avoid perceived losses
922:
843:
820:
687:Black-striped capuchin
611:
3326:Paleobiology Database
2916:Ecuadorian capuchin (
2754:at Wikimedia Commons
2496:Heyes, C. M. (1998).
2116:Cebus apella nigritus
1922:Primates in Fragments
1719:biotic interchange".
1067:
1038:habitat fragmentation
965:Further information:
913:
890:white-headed capuchin
837:
818:
778:Panamacebus transitus
761:Sapajus xanthosternos
650:Large-headed capuchin
640:Sapajus apella apella
636:Guiana brown capuchin
602:
489:Shock-headed capuchin
2710:"Envisioning Access"
2629:"Animals in Service"
2597:Neotropical Primates
2171:"Saving the monkeys"
2150:Amazonian Rainforest
1900:pin.primate.wisc.edu
1157:The Hangover Part II
1151:George of the Jungle
381:Portuguese explorers
3036:Azaras's capuchin (
2997:Chestnut capuchin (
2400:2005PNAS..10211140D
2241:2014PLoSO...988595E
2173:. SPIE Professional
2034:2017PNAS..114.7798F
1741:10.1038/nature17415
1733:2016Natur.533..243B
1305:2008BMCEE...8..169A
1113:Night at the Museum
691:Sapajus libidinosus
592:Cebus aequatorialis
556:Cebus leucocephalus
3359:Tool-using mammals
3135:S. cassiquiarensis
3115:(Squirrel monkeys)
3072:Crested capuchin (
2934:Kaapori capuchin (
2714:Envisioning Access
2126:(Suppl. 26): 153.
1791:10.1007/bf02373828
1180:Crystal the Monkey
1070:
923:
844:
821:
612:
408:The species-level
3341:
3340:
3313:Open Tree of Life
3214:Taxon identifiers
3205:
3204:
3190:
3189:
3093:
3092:
3027:Tufted capuchin (
2759:Primate Info Net
2750:Media related to
2627:Lineberry, Cate.
2568:. August 26, 2024
2353:(12): 2781–2790.
2028:(30): 7798–7805.
1939:978-1-4757-3770-7
1862:10.1159/000078305
1830:978-0-521-66768-5
1727:(7602): 243–246.
1563:10.1002/ajp.20957
1502:10.1002/ajp.22007
1269:978-0-548-93307-7
1221:978-0-521-66768-5
718:Azaras's capuchin
429:gracile capuchins
340:of the subfamily
338:New World monkeys
283:
282:
257:
16:(Redirected from
3371:
3354:Capuchin monkeys
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3281:
3269:
3268:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3209:
3117:
3116:
3104:
3083:S. xanthosternos
3063:Black capuchin (
3045:Blond capuchin (
3020:
3019:
2945:C. leucocephalus
2918:C. aequatorialis
2864:
2863:
2851:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2749:
2739:Data related to
2738:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2690:on July 21, 2018
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2664:on July 21, 2018
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2635:. Archived from
2624:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2502:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2447:Animal Cognition
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2411:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2317:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2280:
2270:
2252:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2063:
2045:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1689:
1687:
1676:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1581:. Archived from
1548:
1538:Sapajus nigritus
1528:
1522:
1521:
1477:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1457:. Archived from
1432:
1423:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1365:(supp): 97–110.
1356:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1202:
1078:greyhound jockey
955:insect repellent
919:Sapajus robustus
915:Crested capuchin
879:Social structure
752:Sapajus robustus
748:Crested capuchin
731:Sapajus nigritus
583:Cebus malitiosus
574:Cebus versicolor
534:Ka'apor capuchin
417:robust capuchins
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
319:
318:
313:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
287:capuchin monkeys
252:
160:
159:
126:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
18:Capuchin monkeys
3379:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3290:
3285:
3277:
3272:
3264:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3216:
3206:
3201:
3186:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3089:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3005:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2840:
2802:
2796:
2744:
2732:
2727:
2718:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2640:
2626:
2625:
2618:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2394:(32): 11140–7.
2379:
2378:
2374:
2344:
2343:
2339:
2315:10.1.1.594.4936
2297:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2153:
2152:. Monkey Jungle
2144:
2143:
2139:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
1902:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1700:
1691:
1685:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1620:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1546:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1461:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1405:
1398:
1385:
1378:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1188:
1166:David Schwimmer
1140:and its sequels
1118:and its sequels
1062:
1050:tufted capuchin
1026:
1008:
1002:
969:
963:
908:
899:
881:
867:, a variety of
849:
840:Cebus albifrons
813:
800:
787:
681:Sapajus flavius
627:tufted capuchin
604:Tufted capuchin
529:Cebus castaneus
520:Cebus olivaceus
511:Cebus albifrons
466:Cebus capucinus
406:
373:
350:Central America
321:
315:
294:
290:
273:
251:
154:
117:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
35:Capuchin monkey
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3377:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3322:
3309:
3296:
3283:
3270:
3257:
3242:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3126:S. boliviensis
3120:
3118:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3069:
3060:
3056:S. libidinosus
3051:
3042:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2743:at Wikispecies
2731:
2730:External links
2728:
2726:
2725:
2701:
2675:
2649:
2616:
2579:
2553:
2538:
2488:
2433:
2372:
2337:
2324:10.1086/503550
2308:(3): 517–537.
2282:
2211:
2200:(4): 741–761.
2184:
2162:
2137:
2106:
2095:(3): 177–200.
2075:
2008:
1984:
1955:Alouatta pigra
1945:
1938:
1911:
1883:
1856:(3): 154–156.
1850:Folia Primatol
1836:
1829:
1804:
1762:
1710:
1688:on 2009-02-05.
1658:
1652:978-8496553897
1651:
1633:
1618:
1591:
1588:on 2012-12-18.
1542:Cebus nigritus
1523:
1467:
1464:on 2015-02-26.
1441:(2): 272–288.
1415:
1396:
1376:
1338:
1293:BMC Evol. Biol
1275:
1268:
1250:
1227:
1220:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1093:monkey helpers
1061:
1058:
1025:
1022:
1013:knower-guesser
1006:Theory of mind
1004:Main article:
1001:
1000:Theory of mind
998:
990:
989:
986:
983:
967:Self-awareness
962:
961:Self-awareness
959:
907:
904:
898:
895:
880:
877:
848:
845:
812:
809:
799:
796:
786:
783:
766:
765:
764:
763:
754:
745:
744:
743:
738:
727:Black capuchin
724:
715:
714:
713:
708:
703:
698:
684:
677:Blond capuchin
674:
673:
672:
667:
662:
656:
647:
642:
631:Sapajus apella
608:Sapajus apella
597:
596:
595:
594:
585:
576:
567:
558:
549:
547:Cebus brunneus
540:
531:
522:
513:
504:
502:Cebus unicolor
495:
493:Cebus cuscinus
486:
477:
475:Cebus imitator
468:
431:(formerly the
419:(formerly the
405:
404:Classification
402:
372:
369:
281:
280:
264:
263:
259:
258:
246:
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
136:Cebus imitator
128:
127:
119:
118:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3376:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2981:C. versicolor
2977:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2954:C. malitiosus
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2737:
2729:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2639:on 2008-09-16
2638:
2634:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2583:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:(1): 101–14.
2510:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2235:(2): e88595.
2234:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2009:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1915:
1912:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1711:
1707:(1200): 1–12.
1706:
1699:
1697:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1619:0-801-88221-4
1615:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1604:Wilson, D. E.
1601:
1600:Groves, C. P.
1595:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1557:(4): 344–58.
1556:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1420:
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1129:Monkey Shines
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1124:
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1109:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:quadriplegics
1085:
1083:
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1075:
1074:organ grinder
1066:
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580:
577:
575:
571:
568:
566:
562:
559:
557:
553:
550:
548:
544:
541:
539:
538:Cebus kaapori
535:
532:
530:
526:
523:
521:
517:
514:
512:
508:
505:
503:
499:
496:
494:
490:
487:
485:
484:Cebus yuracus
481:
478:
476:
472:
469:
467:
463:
460:
459:
458:
457:
456:
450:
449:
448:
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411:
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399:
395:
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370:
368:
366:
363:
359:
355:
354:South America
351:
347:
346:organ grinder
343:
339:
333:
288:
279:
278:
277:
272:
271:
265:
260:
255:
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197:
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174:
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85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
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3180:S. vanzolini
3179:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3107:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3055:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3010:
2999:C. castaneus
2998:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2963:C. olivaceus
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
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2899:
2891:C. capucinus
2890:
2881:
2873:C. albifrons
2872:
2854:
2845:
2760:
2733:
2717:. Retrieved
2713:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2688:the original
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:the original
2652:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:the original
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2596:
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2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2565:
2556:
2541:
2508:
2504:
2491:
2453:(1): 41–48.
2450:
2446:
2443:Cebus apella
2442:
2436:
2391:
2385:
2375:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2305:
2301:
2232:
2228:
2223:Cebus apella
2222:
2214:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2165:
2154:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2092:
2088:
2085:Cebus apella
2084:
2078:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2000:. Retrieved
1997:ScienceDaily
1996:
1987:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1921:
1914:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:
1894:Cebus apella
1893:
1886:
1853:
1849:
1846:Cebus apella
1845:
1839:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1782:
1778:
1775:Cebus apella
1774:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1683:the original
1678:
1670:Simia flavia
1669:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1608:
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1583:the original
1554:
1550:
1541:
1537:
1532:Garber, P.A.
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1459:the original
1438:
1434:
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1121:
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1027:
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977:
973:
970:
948:
940:
924:
918:
906:Intelligence
900:
882:
850:
839:
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805:forest floor
801:
788:
776:
770:
767:
760:
751:
740:
735:
730:
721:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
680:
669:
664:
659:
653:
644:
639:
630:
617:
615:
607:
591:
582:
573:
565:Cebus cesare
564:
555:
546:
537:
528:
519:
510:
501:
492:
483:
474:
465:
453:
451:
445:
436:
433:C. capucinus
432:
424:
420:
414:
407:
397:
393:
383:reached the
374:
341:
286:
284:
274:
268:
267:
248:
225:Infraorder:
135:
29:
3246:Wikispecies
3162:S. sciureus
3153:S. oerstedi
3144:S. collinsi
3099:Saimiriinae
3074:S. robustus
3065:S. nigritus
2972:C. unicolor
2927:C. imitator
2909:C. cuscinus
2882:C. brunneus
1896:) Behavior"
1540:, formerly
1496:(4): 1–14.
1162:Ross Geller
1082:exotic pets
1054:harpy eagle
1044:, coyotes,
1042:jaguarundis
871:, and even
869:vertebrates
855:. They are
773:platyrrhine
722:Sapajus cay
441:Paul Garber
427:, from the
245:Subfamily:
229:Simiiformes
41:6.2–0
3348:Categories
3047:S. flavius
2990:C. yuracus
2936:C. kaapori
2836:Haplorhini
2834:Suborder:
2763:Factsheets
2719:2024-06-18
2694:October 2,
2668:October 2,
2643:2008-10-13
2603:(2): 5–8.
2572:August 26,
2156:2008-10-13
2002:2019-11-12
1905:2019-11-12
1690:See also:
1299:(1): 169.
1186:References
1018:great apes
951:millipedes
884:rights to
861:arthropods
365:and Panama
219:Haplorhini
215:Suborder:
144:Costa Rica
140:Guanacaste
3029:S. apella
2900:C. cesare
2810:Kingdom:
2467:1435-9448
2310:CiteSeerX
2259:1932-6203
2177:1 January
2052:0027-8424
1965:: 31–41.
1785:: 57–76.
1245:166026273
1168:) on the
1145:Zookeeper
1030:pet trade
936:palm nuts
857:omnivores
421:C. apella
371:Etymology
358:Argentina
254:Bonaparte
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
3292:12100254
3231:Wikidata
3198:Category
3171:S. ustus
2830:Primates
2824:Mammalia
2818:Chordata
2816:Phylum:
2812:Animalia
2525:10097012
2483:10783449
2475:11957401
2428:16055557
2367:25147071
2332:18753437
2277:24586347
2229:PLOS ONE
2070:28739944
1979:14844073
1870:15240980
1799:30424050
1779:Primates
1749:27096364
1628:62265494
1602:(2005).
1579:39363765
1571:21538454
1518:18840598
1510:22328205
1455:13791283
1409:(2008).
1359:Lundiana
1333:18534011
1123:Outbreak
873:primates
865:molluscs
829:arboreal
811:Behavior
410:taxonomy
385:Americas
235:Family:
209:Primates
199:Mammalia
189:Chordata
185:Phylum:
179:Animalia
165:Domain:
3252:Cebinae
3237:Q326260
3222:Cebinae
3109:Saimiri
3012:Sapajus
2846:Cebinae
2828:Order:
2822:Class:
2800:Cebidae
2752:Cebinae
2741:Cebinae
2533:6469633
2419:1183568
2396:Bibcode
2268:3929502
2237:Bibcode
2061:5544277
2030:Bibcode
1878:1647323
1757:4445687
1729:Bibcode
1705:Zootaxa
1482:Sapajus
1324:2435554
1301:Bibcode
1175:Friends
1172:sitcom
1108:monkeys
1052:is the
1024:Threats
934:eating
853:Cebidae
825:diurnal
619:Sapajus
425:Sapajus
342:Cebinae
276:Sapajus
262:Genera
249:Cebinae
239:Cebidae
205:Order:
195:Class:
115:Present
111:Miocene
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932:macaws
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616:Genus
452:Genus
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3266:626TK
2856:Cebus
2761:Cebus
2529:S2CID
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2479:S2CID
2363:S2CID
2328:S2CID
2298:(PDF)
1975:S2CID
1874:S2CID
1820:Cebus
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1210:Cebus
455:Cebus
437:Cebus
398:kêbos
394:Cebus
270:Cebus
109:Late
3300:NCBI
3274:ITIS
2696:2013
2670:2013
2633:AARP
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2521:PMID
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2255:ISSN
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