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1963, establishing state funding for a network of regional library systems. "Without strongly organized county, regional, or inter-county libraries", asked Leigh, "can there be a system of cooperative library services which will achieve many of the same advantages?" In 1970 she lobbied to preserve book and library postal rates, a particular concern for librarians in larger
Western states. When Leigh started as State Librarian of California in 1951, there was little coordination between different library locations and library systems within the state of California. However, by the time she retired in 1972, twenty-one cooperative library systems had been successfully implemented. Carma was able to achieve this through various methods, one of the most successful being her decision to a weeklong workshop where librarians from around the state could meet and begin creating "good, well-defined basic standards." Following this first workshop, the "Standards for Public Library Service in California," as they came to be called, were officially adopted by the CLA membership in November 1953.
186:
appointed Leigh to the position of State
Librarian of California, a position she held through three more governors' terms, until her retirement in 1972. During her term as State Librarian, the California Library Commission was established, and the Public Library Development Act passed into law in
228:
On the occasion of her retirement, a resolution commending her work was read in the state senate. In 1925, she was voted "Most
Popular Girl" at the Oklahoma College for Women's, the same year she graduated with her B.A. in history. In 1973, she was named to the
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Alumni Hall of Fame. In 1995, the
California Library Association honored her as its longest-active member. She was honored in 1996 by the American Library Association as a "Legislative and Grass Roots Champion". She also held an honorary doctorate from the
31:
202:, passed in 1964. In the early 1950s, she went to West Germany as part of the American Library Association's efforts to assist post-war rebuilding, and she was a member of the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services.
213:, from 1951 to 1972. In 1966 she presented a paper, "The Role of the American Library Association in Federal Legislation for Libraries", at the Allerton Park Institute, conducted by the
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She was president of the
California Library Association and the Pacific Northwest Library Association, and a member of the executive board of the
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Carma
Russell was married twice. She divorced her first husband, Ernest Zimmerman, in 1938. Her second husband was political scientist, former
1078:
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140:, the daughter of William Luther Russell and Ida Jenkins Russell, white homesteaders. She earned a bachelor's degree in history from the
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254:. They married in 1960; he died in 1961. She had a daughter, Rita Zimmerman Collier. Carma Leigh died in 2009, aged 104 years, in
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from 1942 to 1945. In 1945, she left
California to become Washington State Librarian. In 1951, governor
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in 1925. She earned a master's degree in history and graduated from the School of
Librarianship at the
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618:"Carma Zimmerman Leigh and the Diffusion of Cooperation through California Libraries, 1951-1972"
514:"Carma Zimmerman Leigh and the Diffusion of Cooperation through California Libraries, 1951–1972"
587:"Carma Zimmerman Leigh and the Diffusion of Cooperation through California Libraries,1951-1972"
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Obscene in the extreme : the burning and banning of John
Steinbeck's The grapes of wrath
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1005:“Carma Russell (Zimmerman) Leigh—An Historical Look at a Woman of Vision and Influence”
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In the early 1990s, she served on the
California State Library Networking Task Force.
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771:"The Role Of The American Library Association In Federal Legislation For Libraries"
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posed with a card catalog, from the California State Library's Picture Catalog.
323:"California Library Hall of Fame: Carma Leigh - California Library Association"
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281:"Imbued with a Spirit of Cooperation: California State Librarian Carma Leigh"
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168:'s sister Esther, and heard her apologize over some scenes in his novel,
821:"Leigh, Carma Russell 1973 | University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma"
797:"Leigh, Carma Russell 1973 | University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma"
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347:"Leigh, Carma Russell 1973 | University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma"
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194:. Beyond the state level, Leigh lobbied and testified for the federal
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Leigh began her career in the year 1930 as a junior assistant at the
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83:
Carma Russell Zimmerman, Carma Russell Leigh, Carma Zimmerman Leigh
1007:(Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles 2000).
719:"Remembering Carma Leigh: California State Librarian, 1951–1972"
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president and dean of the Columbia University Library School,
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Public library youth services : a public policy approach
500:
Journal of the Senate, Legislature of the State of California
160:. From 1932 to 1938, she was the city library director in
914:. February 1, 1961. p. 35 – via ProQuest.
899:. October 23, 1960. p. 92 – via ProQuest.
198:, passed by Congress in 1956, and its successor the
656:"Dr. Robert D. Leigh is Wed in California Ceremony"
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926:"USAO's Oldest Living Graduate Passes Away at 104"
378:(1st ed.). New York: PublicAffairs. p.
1019:Report following a visit to Victoria, March 1969
775:Papers Presented at the Allerton Park Institute
518:Information & Culture: A Journal of History
209:from 1945 to 1951, and had her own newsletter,
107:California Library Hall of Fame (inducted 2012)
116:(November 15, 1904—September 25, 2009), born
8:
726:California State Library Foundation Bulletin
438:"New County Librarian Chosen by Supervisors"
288:California State Library Foundation Bulletin
174:. She served as county library director in
231:University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma
29:
18:
1059:People from Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma
685:. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Pub. p. 172.
597:(1). University of Texas Press: 157–177.
120:, was an American librarian. She was the
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207:Washington State Library News Bulletin
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200:Library Services and Construction Act
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910:"Dr. Robert Leigh of Columbia, 70".
895:"Robert Leigh Weds Mrs. Zimmerman".
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217:Graduate School of Library Science.
412:"Library Group to Confer in Laguna"
211:From the California State Librarian
146:University of California, Berkeley
132:Carma Alice Russell was born near
99:University of California, Berkeley
14:
279:Mediavilla, Cindy (Winter 2004).
258:. Her papers are archived in the
1011:A 1967 photograph of Carma Leigh
849:USAO Alumni Hall of Fame Gallery
512:Mediavilla, Cindy (2013-01-30).
977:"Carma Leigh papers, 1920-1994"
951:"Obituary: Carma Russell Leigh"
470:. November 15, 1951. p. 10
418:. January 31, 1941. p. 20
35:Leigh, from a 1960 publication
1:
769:Leigh, Carma Russell (1966).
662:. October 25, 1960. p. 2
560:"Librarians Get Help in Bill"
442:The San Bernardino County Sun
122:State Librarian of California
1079:21st-century American people
1069:20th-century American people
192:American Library Association
1084:21st-century American women
1074:20th-century American women
1064:American women centenarians
955:The San Diego Union Tribune
884:– via Newspapers.com.
876:. April 30, 1938. p. 8
758:– via Newspapers.com.
670:– via Newspapers.com.
574:– via Newspapers.com.
478:– via Newspapers.com.
452:– via Newspapers.com.
426:– via Newspapers.com.
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845:"Carma Russell Leigh 1973"
750:. April 9, 1953. p. 8
717:Mediavilla, Cindy (2010).
681:Willett, Holly G. (1995).
616:Mediavilla, Cindy (2013).
585:Mediavilla, Cindy (2013).
444:. June 10, 1942. p. 5
178:from 1938 to 1942, and in
142:Oklahoma College for Women
58:McLoud, Oklahoma Territory
1044:American women librarians
870:"Big Divorce Calendar On"
622:Information & Culture
591:Information & Culture
566:. July 3, 1970. p. 9
236:University of the Pacific
28:
1003:Cynthia Lou Mediavilla,
464:"State Librarian Visits"
260:California State Library
242:Personal life and legacy
205:Leigh was editor of the
128:Early life and education
370:Wartzman, Rick (2008).
162:Watsonville, California
158:Berkeley Public Library
502:(March 22, 1972): 953.
468:Feather River Bulletin
215:University of Illinois
744:"Librarian Gets Post"
530:10.1353/lac.2013.0000
294:: 2–5. Archived from
180:San Bernardino County
957:. September 30, 2009
496:Senate Resolution 42
196:Library Services Act
1039:American librarians
874:Santa Cruz Sentinel
252:Robert Devore Leigh
171:The Grapes of Wrath
124:from 1951 to 1972.
74:La Mesa, California
45:Carma Alice Russell
912:The New York Times
897:The New York Times
605:– via JSTOR.
416:Santa Ana Register
256:LaMesa, California
248:Bennington College
138:Oklahoma Territory
67:September 25, 2009
16:American librarian
1022:(Sacramento 1969)
932:. October 9, 2009
660:Bennington Banner
224:Honors and awards
164:, where she knew
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69:(2009-09-25)
1054:2009 deaths
1049:1904 births
564:Independent
184:Earl Warren
114:Carma Leigh
88:Citizenship
23:Carma Leigh
1033:Categories
986:2019-03-30
936:2019-03-30
830:2023-11-30
806:2023-11-30
692:1567501222
356:2023-11-30
332:2019-03-30
305:2019-03-30
266:References
51:1904-11-15
961:March 30,
880:March 30,
854:March 30,
783:0536-4604
754:March 30,
666:March 30,
634:2164-8034
570:March 30,
546:109607018
538:2166-3033
474:March 30,
448:March 30,
422:March 30,
398:299175895
148:in 1930.
96:Education
930:usao.edu
825:usao.edu
801:usao.edu
732:: 18–19.
701:30358906
642:43737456
603:43737456
351:usao.edu
104:Honours
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152:Career
134:McLoud
722:(PDF)
638:JSTOR
599:JSTOR
542:S2CID
299:(PDF)
284:(PDF)
963:2019
882:2019
856:2019
779:ISSN
756:2019
697:OCLC
687:ISBN
668:2019
630:ISSN
572:2019
534:ISSN
476:2019
450:2019
424:2019
394:OCLC
384:ISBN
64:Died
41:Born
526:doi
136:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
