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244:. Its main characteristic is humor. Through sarcasm, mockery and irony, the main groups and the people of the street "purge" the most pressing problems of today. The whole city participates in the carnival for more than two weeks each year, and the presence of this fiesta is almost constant in the city because of the recitals and contests held throughout the year.
255:, stinging sarcasm, and the irreverence of parody. While some carnivals elsewhere in the world stress the spectacular, the glamorous, or the scandalous in costumes, Cádiz distinguishes itself with how clever and imaginative its carnival attire is. It is traditional to paint the face as a humble substitute for a mask.
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Beginning the 18th century, the orders are repeated frequently, trying to banish the
Carnival. In 1716 masked dances were prohibited by the Crown, prohibitions that were repeated throughout this century. In spite of everything, there are testimonies that confirm the disrespect of the orders was quite
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influence that Cádiz knew since the fifteenth century. After the Turks' displacement to the
Mediterranean, Italian merchants moved to the West, finding Cádiz a place of settlement perfectly communicated with the commercial objectives that the Genoese were looking for: the north and center of Africa.
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are well-known witty and satiric groups that train for the whole year to sing about politics, topics in the news, and everyday circumstances, while all of the members wear identical costumes. There is an official competition in Teatro Falla, where many of them compete for a group award. Their songs
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There are also references from the seventeenth century. A document of 1636 recognizes the impotence of the civil power against the popular celebration. A letter from
General Mencos dated in Cádiz on February 7, 1652, complains that the Cádiz workers refused to repair their boat because they were in
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Specific musical forms have evolved at the
Carnival of Cádiz over the years. In the beginning, popular music was used, and tropical rhythms were mixed with popular European dances and songs; only the lyrics changed. Near the end of the nineteenth century, the musical identity of the Carnival was
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Constitutions of 1591 and the
Statutes of the Seminary of Cádiz in 1596, both contain indications so that the religious did not participate in the festivities in a way that the seculars did. These references, about the Carnival, confirm that already at the end of the 16th century, the festivities
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are the groups of people (like the comparsas) that sharing a costume and singing together, performed a full repertoire of songs about current topics but with in a humoristic way, unlike the comparsas. The chirigotas´ tunes are happier as well as their lyrics even though they can address the same
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Carnival of Cádiz is a sociological phenomenon of special singularity. Its historical evolution, from its most remote origins until today, has endowed it with a marked rebellious character. In addition, the development of their groups (mainly their choirs, chirigotas, comparsas and quartets)
599:, that finishes just before the first Saturday of Carnival. It is broadcast by the regional television and radio stations. Other contests take place before, during, and after the Carnival, usually organized by institutions and private clubs, and their venues are open
415:. Their characteristic composition is the "Carnival Tango", and they alternate between comical and serious repertory, with special emphasis on lyrical homages to the city and its people. The costumes are, by far, the most sophisticated and elaborate of all.
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differentiates them from other carnivals in the world and also identifies them as a communicational phenomenon. It is a vehicle that generates information, opinion and entertainment, but also in its subversive nature, in its condition of counter-power.
376:– whether a professional group or one made up of family members, friends or colleagues – has a wide repertoire of songs. They sing in the streets and squares, at improvised venues like outdoor staircases or portals, and in established open-air
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346:, who caused some 200 victims in the city. The civil governor, Carlos María Rodríguez de Valcárcel, decided then that it was necessary to raise the spirits and recover the festive spirit in the organisation of the Carnival.
293:. At the end of the 16th century, during carnival time, the inhabitants of Cádiz plucked the flowers from the pots to throw them at each other as a joke. Other documents that record the celebration of the carnivals are the
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The first references to the carnivals of Cádiz that are known come from the sixteenth century. In the process of its own organisation, the Cadiz
Carnival takes on peculiarities of Italian, explicable by the fundamentally
311:. There is also evidence of the events that took place in 1678, the year in which the cleric Nicolás Aznar was accused of having adulterous relations with Antonia Gil Morena, whom he had met during the carnival.
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On
Saturday, everyone wears a costume, which, many times, is related to the most polemical aspects of the news. However, the Carnival of Cádiz is most famous for the satirical groups of performers called
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These festivities were celebrated even during the French invasion. However, there was a time during which the celebration was suspended: on
February 5, 1937, during the
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and two sticks, that they use to mark the rhythm. They use set-piece theater scenes (pre-written skits), improvisations, and music, and they are purely comical.
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including the Holy Weeks in
Albalate del Arzobispo, Alcañiz, Alcorisa, Andorra, Calanda, Híjar, la Puebla de Híjar, Samper de Calanda and Urrea de Gaén (2014)
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is a longer song without a refrain, and it is usually (but not always) serious, criticizing something that happened during the previous year or rendering an
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Agustín de Orozco (1845) Historia de la ciudad de Cádiz: Imprenta de don Manuel Bosch, 1845. Hay ed. moderna de Arturo
Morgado García, 2001.
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El Carnaval de Cádiz como generador de información, opinión y contrapoder: análisis crítico de su impacto en línea y fuera de línea
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Besides these, other musical forms, including short improvisations and theatrical skits are featured, mostly by the so-called
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It was not until 1947 when the tradition was recovered, a fact that occurred as a result, paradoxically, of a disgrace:
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rhythm is sung only by the choirs, accompanied by their orchestras, and they are mostly poetical compositions.
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is a single costumed person who brings a big easel on which posters help him to tell a story with images. The
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remarkable. In the carnival of 1776, excesses were committed in the convent of Santa María and in that of
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PAYÁN SOTOMAYOR, P. (1983). El habla de Cádiz en las letras de su Carnaval. Carnaval en Cádiz, 65-85.
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Cuadrado, U., & Barbosa, F. (1999). El Carnaval de Cádiz. Orígenes y evolución: Siglos XVI-XIX.
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recites humorous verses while pointing at aspects of the pictures and drawings with a long stick.
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visited the city, who left testimony about the Carnival celebrations of the people of Cádiz.
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The masks, the serpentines, the confetti are assimilated from the Italian carnival.
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is the first piece sung to present the characterisation of the group, called its
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Biblioteca Virtual de Andalucía, online consultation 14 March, 2018
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are all original compositions and are full of satire and wit. Each
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to someone. They are sung by the comparsas and the chirigotas.
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International Habaneras and Polyphony Contest of Torrevieja
701:"El carnaval de Cádiz prohibido durante la Guerra Civil"
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Fiesta de la Santísima y Vera Cruz de Caravaca (2004)
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
677:"Travels through Spain in the years 1775 and 1776"
298:should have deep roots among the people of Cádiz.
760:Fiestas of International Tourist Interest (Spain)
462:already mature, and, although most of the names (
433:The minimalist carnival groups in Cádiz are the
344:the explosion of the San Severiano storage depot
1253:Note: Within parentheses, the year when honored
418:Other groups can be found in the streets: the
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1223:Entrada de Toros y Caballos de Segorbe (2005)
1211:Procession of the Palm Sunday in Elche (1997)
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224:Poster advertising the 1926 Carnival of Cádiz
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1141:Carthaginians and Romans of Cartagena (2017)
247:The main characteristics of the carnival in
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1241:Moors and Christians of Crevillente (2017)
1220:Moors and Christians of Villajoyosa (2003)
1062:Bonfires of Saint John in La Coruña (2015)
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1491:Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1100:Fiestas of the Mutiny of Aranjuez (2014)
452:A choir singing at the Carnival of Cádiz
240:) is one of the best-known carnivals in
201:Fiesta of International Tourist Interest
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1120:Festival del Cante de las Minas (2006)
986:Running of the bulls in Cuéllar (2018)
724:Carnival of Cadiz in Tertulia Andaluza
251:are the acerbic criticisms, the droll
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1244:All Saints' Fair of Cocentaina (2019)
1147:The Night of the Drums of Mula (2022)
1077:Fiesta del Pulpo of Carballino (2022)
1036:Ortigueira's Festival of Celtic World
974:Holy Week in Medina de Rioseco (2009)
7:
977:Holy Week in Medina del Campo (2011)
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1135:Bando de la Huerta de Murcia (2012)
1124:The Burial of the Sardine in Murcia
1080:Fiesta de la Lamprea of Arbo (2023)
1047:Corpus Christi in Ponteareas (2009)
924:and its Religious Music Week (1980)
716:Main portal about Carnival of Cádiz
384:) organized by the carnival clubs.
1200:Bonfires of Saint John in Alicante
1026:Fiestas of Santiago Apóstol (2001)
882:Carnival of Santa Cruz de Tenerife
14:
1074:Fiesta del Cocido of Lalín (2020)
1071:Carnival of Xinzo de Limia (2019)
1059:La Pinta Arrival to Baiona (2015)
939:Fiestas Mayores of Almansa (2019)
865:International Sella River Descent
2509:Tourist attractions in Andalusia
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589:, and quartets in Cádiz is the '
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1235:Holy Week in Crevillente (2011)
918:Corpus Christi in Toledo (1980)
797:Jerez Grape Harvest Fest (1980)
644:Sacaluga Rodríguez, I. (2014).
354:The most famous groups are the
322:Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria
34:needs additional citations for
989:Corpus Christi in Béjar (2019)
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1188:Moors and Christians of Alcoy
1117:Holy Week in Cartagena (2005)
838:Holy Week in Saragossa (2014)
581:The best known contest among
1232:Holy Week in Orihuela (2010)
980:Holy Week in Palencia (2012)
315:18th century to 20th century
1144:Holy Week in Jumilla (2019)
1042:Rapa das Bestas of Sabucedo
1003:Holy Week in Cáceres (2011)
904:Cantabrian Wars Fest (2019)
818:Holy Week in Granada (2007)
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1138:Carnival of Águilas (2015)
1132:Holy Week in Murcia (2011)
1056:Holy Week in Ferrol (2014)
1030:Viking Festival of Catoira
1009:Carnival of Badajoz (2022)
1006:Holy Week in Mérida (2018)
936:Holy Week in Toledo (2014)
927:Holy Week in Hellín (2007)
842:Ruta del tambor y el bombo
689:Boletín Oficial del Estado
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1150:Holy Week in Cieza (2023)
1129:Holy Week in Lorca (2007)
983:Holy Week in Ávila (2014)
648:(Doctoral dissertation).
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2093:Belarus, Russia, Ukraine
1802:Festival Bienal Flamenco
1238:Falles in Sagunto (2013)
965:Holy Week in León (2002)
813:Horse racing of Sanlúcar
691:(BOE), February 5, 1937.
16:Winter festival in Spain
1756:Feria Real de San Roque
1746:Royal Fair of Algeciras
954:Holy Week in Valladolid
603:in the public squares (
128:Infobox recurring event
2524:Winter events in Spain
2460:Catholicism portal
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969:Holy Week in Salamanca
888:Carnival of Las Palmas
801:Pilgrimage of El Rocío
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133:considered for merging
1797:Creamfields Andalusia
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1012:Magical Autumn (2024)
675:Swinburne, H. (1787)
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1051:Holy Week in Viveiro
786:Holy Week in Seville
43:improve this article
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1932:Ati-Atihan festival
1781:Romería de El Rocío
1736:Holy Week in Málaga
1625:Musical instruments
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1175:Valencian Community
1094:Community of Madrid
960:Holy Week in Zamora
922:Holy Week in Cuenca
780:Holy Week in Málaga
626:(12 february, 2018)
58:"Carnival of Cádiz"
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457:Musical forms
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2485:
2465:
2451:
2358:Barranquilla
2304:Gualeguaychú
2299:Buenos Aires
2112:
1923:Philippines
1776:Seville Fair
1725:
1685:New Flamenco
1348:Lady of Baza
1313:Los Millares
773:
719:(in Spanish)
696:
684:
671:
662:
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631:
619:
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582:
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577:The contests
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477:Presentation
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388:
386:
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368:
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341:
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318:
305:
302:17th century
288:
285:16th century
274:
265:
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257:
246:
229:
227:
191:16th century
126:
105:
99:January 2015
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2205:New Orleans
2166:Quebec City
2130:Switzerland
2068:Netherlands
1828:Rub el Hizb
1700:Cante jondo
1695:Cante chico
1594:Ortiguillas
1403:Reconquista
1291:Culture of
1215:La Tomatina
997:Extremadura
822:Cascamorras
188:Inaugurated
177:Location(s)
122:‹ The
2493:Categories
2439:Mardi Gras
2390:Las Tablas
2295:Argentina
2123:Santa Cruz
2118:Las Palmas
1903:Indonesia
1771:Powder Day
1665:Sevillanas
1458:Andalusian
1392:Al-Andalus
1084:Arde Lucus
611:References
585:, choirs,
583:chirigotas
571:callejeras
495:chirigotas
435:romanceros
389:chirigotas
356:chirigotas
261:chirigotas
207:Designated
69:newspapers
2423:Australia
2400:Cajamarca
2336:São Paulo
2221:Caribbean
2183:Vera Cruz
2072:Portugal
2058:Lithuania
2046:Viareggio
1766:Holy Week
1680:Verdiales
1675:Pasodoble
1584:Salmorejo
1524:Ajoblanco
1320:Tartessos
1293:Andalusia
898:Cantabria
767:Andalusia
587:comparsas
550:Potpourri
511:Pasodoble
499:comparsas
468:pasodoble
443:romancero
439:romancero
424:cuartetos
369:comparsas
361:comparsas
333:Civil War
169:Frequency
131:is being
2353:Colombia
2315:Bolivia
2253:Dominica
2238:Barbados
2188:Mazatlán
2103:Slovenia
1963:Belgium
1889:Carnival
1849:Category
1705:Cantiñas
1670:Bulerías
1660:Flamenco
1637:Castanet
1569:Polvorón
1544:Gazpacho
1534:Andrajos
1451:Language
1342:Iberians
1334:Rock-Art
858:Asturias
542:gaditano
420:quartets
405:ensemble
382:tableaux
374:comparsa
335:and the
163:Carnival
135:. ›
124:template
2432:Related
2416:Oceania
2407:Uruguay
2386:Panama
2375:Cayenne
2233:Bahamas
2228:Antigua
2171:Toronto
2157:Canada
2098:Croatia
2076:Madeira
2031:Hungary
2014:Cologne
2009:Germany
1993:France
1989:Finland
1984:England
1979:Denmark
1959:Austria
1927:Sinulog
1917:Jakarta
1811:Symbols
1610:Seafood
1589:Sangria
1574:Puchero
1549:Jamones
1516:Cuisine
1463:Spanish
1367:Italica
1361:Baetica
1327:Dolmens
1300:History
1158:Navarre
1020:Galicia
624:El País
601:tablaos
595:at the
490:Couplet
409:guitars
378:tablaos
278:Genoese
271:History
234:Spanish
183:, Spain
83:scholar
2382:Guyana
2346:Recife
2326:Brazil
2200:Mobile
2178:México
2161:Ottawa
2142:Turkey
2109:Spain
2088:Slavic
2041:Venice
2026:Greece
1972:Binche
1952:Europe
1912:Jember
1833:Indalo
1823:Anthem
1612:-based
1599:Sherry
1579:Pringá
1474:Sports
1443:G-clef
1385:Spania
1229:(2010)
1217:(2002)
1208:(1994)
1202:(1983)
1196:(1980)
1190:(1980)
1184:(1980)
1167:(1980)
1126:(2006)
1086:(2023)
1068:(2018)
1053:(2013)
1044:(2007)
1038:(2005)
1032:(2002)
971:(2003)
962:(1982)
956:(1980)
933:(2008)
890:(2023)
884:(1980)
867:(1980)
850:(2019)
832:Aragon
824:(2013)
815:(1997)
809:(1980)
803:(1980)
794:(1980)
788:(1980)
782:(1980)
776:(1980)
605:plazas
567:murgas
516:homage
397:choirs
172:Annual
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2396:Peru
2341:Bahia
2319:Oruro
2309:Murga
2274:Ponce
2268:Nevis
2263:Haiti
2135:Basel
2113:Cádiz
2063:Malta
2051:Ivrea
2036:Italy
2019:Mainz
2002:Paris
1967:Aalst
1616:Wines
1604:Tapas
1559:Migas
569:, or
537:Tango
464:tango
428:kazoo
413:lutes
401:coros
295:Synod
249:Cádiz
242:Spain
181:Cádiz
159:Genre
90:JSTOR
76:books
2248:Cuba
2081:Ovar
1997:Nice
1907:Solo
1897:Asia
1818:Flag
1710:Palo
555:tipo
547:The
534:The
508:The
503:tipo
487:The
482:tipo
474:The
411:and
395:The
387:The
367:The
228:The
210:1980
62:news
2331:Rio
407:of
45:by
2495::
565:,
497:,
466:,
364:.
236::
2276:)
1881:e
1874:t
1867:v
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557:.
422:(
399:(
380:(
232:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
