352:
960:
975:
362:
While in Japan, Knott began to develop mathematical equations describing how seismic vibrations are reflected and transmitted across the boundary between seawater and seabed. After returning to the
University of Edinburgh in 1892, he expanded upon this research to describe the behaviour of earthquake
458:
He became more active in the Royal
Society of Edinburgh, serving on the council from 1894 to 1905, moving up to a Secretary to Ordinary Meetings in 1905 and finally becoming its general secretary in 1912 until his death in 1922. Knott also took an active social role in his community including
286:
to recommend a successor. Kelvin recommended Knott, which was supported by Ewing. Thus, Knott replaced Ewing as
Professor of Physics and Engineering at Tokyo Imperial University. For the next nine years, he worked closely with Milne, Gray, and the Japanese seismologist
1022:
317:, from which was developed the first earthquake hazard map of Japan. Knott's key contribution was his background in mathematics and data analysis. One of his innovations was to apply the technique of
1087:
1077:
1037:
1072:
359:
On his return to
Edinburgh, Knott took up the position of a Reader in Applied Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, holding the post until his death in 1922.
1062:
866:
667:
1092:
1057:
219:
He was appointed as an assistant in
Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh in 1879, and held this post until 1883, when he left to take up a post at
369:, derived in terms of potentials, were the first to describe the amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves at non-normal incidence and together with the
1067:
396:
began to be felt in the 1890s, and revisionists began publishing, Knott contributed the pivotal article "Recent
Innovations in Vector Theory". As
626:
424:. Nevertheless, Crowe states that Knott "wrote with care and thoroughness" and that "only Knott was well acquainted with his opponents system".
1032:
713:
443:. In Knott's introduction to his textbook edition he says "Analytically the quaternion is now known to take its place in the general theory of
1042:
942:
913:
33:
414:
he assumption that the square of a unit vector is positive unity leads to an algebra whose characteristic quantities are non-associative.
1027:
979:
255:
Japan's
Ministry of Public Works was founded in October 1871 with 11 departments, one of which was an engineering college. College head
743:
879:
680:
325:
were devoted to this subject, which Knott hoped would enable him to deduce the probability of when future earthquakes would occur.
236:
929:
A Milne (1922) " Cargill G Knott, D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S. (obituary)", Proceedings of the
Edinburgh Math. Soc. 40 (1921โ22), 50โ51
472:
193:, Midlothian, the son of Pelham Knott, an agent for a paper manufacturer and his wife Ellen. His paternal uncle was the artist
178:
540:
Life and
Scientific Work of Peter Gutherie Tait. Supplementing the Two Volumes of Scientific Papers Published in 1898 and 1900
1052:
464:
244:
1082:
1047:
988:
778:
517:
1007:
813:
885:
686:
243:
for the period 1893โ95. He served as
Secretary 1905-1912 and General Secretary 1912โ1922. He was also a founder of the
150:
798:
174:
964:
631:
378:
336:
205:
106:
96:
513:
452:
436:
405:
374:
959:
431:
which had editions in 1873 and 1882. It fell to Knott to prepare a third edition in 1904. By then the
1017:
1012:
586:
440:
366:
232:
228:
201:
710:
617:
509:
444:
370:
351:
276:
220:
826:
843:
591:
389:
314:
272:
224:
209:
621:
223:. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1880 after being proposed by
938:
875:
676:
499:
328:
Cargil Knott married Mary Dixon in 1885, becoming the brother-in-law of the literary scholar
830:
750:
649:
574:
491:
448:
397:
329:
318:
300:
256:
992:
919:
854:
782:
717:
596:
292:
288:
260:
539:
533:
555:
393:
194:
560:
1919: "The Propagation of Earthquake Waves through the Earth and connected problems",
1001:
468:
460:
401:
340:
170:
162:
32:
503:
427:
For a textbook on quaternions, lecturers and students relied on Tait and Kelland's
421:
307:
545:
523:
868:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783โ2002
669:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783โ2002
527:
283:
264:
240:
985:
775:
968:
549:
385:
311:
268:
169:
research. He spent his early career in Japan. He later became a Fellow of the
166:
127:
974:
479:
296:
213:
158:
68:
400:
describes, this paper set straight wayward theorists that expected to find
986:
Penicuik Community Development Trust essay on C.G. Knott and ties to Japan
510:
Reflection and Refraction of Elastic Waves with Seismological Applications
190:
49:
123:
653:
451:,...". Thus he was aware of the diversity to be encountered in modern
439:(1898) presumed some grounding in quaternions as students encountered
644:
Knott, Cargill Gilston (1879). "Researches on contact electricity".
321:
to the occurrence of earthquakes. Two chapters in his 1908 book The
282:
Ewing returned to Scotland in 1883 and the University rector asked
247:, taking the chair for its first meeting on Friday 2 February 1883.
335:
On the conclusion of his stay in Japan in 1891, he was awarded the
455:, and that quaternions stand as a milestone on the way to others.
350:
154:
291:
in establishing a network of recording seismometers across the
842:
St. Andrews University. School of Mathematics and Statistics,
926:
43:237 โ 48. Includes a substantial but partial bibliography.
275:, who became professors at the college, which became part of
363:
waves at the interface between two different types of rock.
267:
to send British instructors. Six came, including geologist
1023:
Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan
478:
He died at his home at 42 Upper Gray Street, Newington,
420:
Evidently Knott overlooked the existence of the ring of
494:
and other web sources now offer some of Knott's works:
384:
Knott continued his work as a mathematician, including
546:
Physics, An Elementary Textbook for University Classes
793:
Sheriff, R. E., Geldart, L. P., (1995), 2nd edition,
157:
LLD (30 June 1856 โ 26 October 1922) was a Scottish
133:
119:
102:
92:
84:
76:
57:
42:
23:
16:
Scottish physicist and mathematician (1856 to 1922)
744:"Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh"
212:. He worked on various aspects of electricity and
855:Notable People of West Blacket, Upper Gray Street
500:M. Balloreโs Calculations on Earthquake Frequency
355:Knott's house at 42 Upper Gray Street, Edinburgh
908:K.E. Bullen (1973) "Knott, Cargill Gilston" in
573:In 1885, Cargill married Mary Dixon, sister of
924:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
874:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
675:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
562:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
8:
749:. Royal Society of Edinburgh. Archived from
295:. Knott also taught courses in mathematics,
774:Penicuik Community Development Trust (UK):
922:(1922) "Cargill Gilston Knott" (obituary)
31:
20:
1088:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
1078:Academic staff of the University of Tokyo
1038:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
711:History of Edinburgh Mathematical Society
467:. He was finally elected a Fellow of the
392:. When the tight constraints of a single
1073:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
524:Introduction to Quaternions, 3rd edition
808:
806:
627:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
608:
912:, C.C. Gillespie editor, published by
310:survey of Japan, assisted by Japanese
1063:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
914:American Council of Learned Societies
471:in 1920 and was also a member of the
463:teaching and church affairs with the
7:
1093:20th-century Scottish mathematicians
1058:19th-century Scottish mathematicians
388:methods of his professor and mentor
827:Recent Innovations in Vector Theory
556:Napier Tercentenary Memorial Volume
534:The Physics of Earthquake Phenomena
216:, obtaining his doctorate in 1879.
910:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
303:at the Tokyo Imperial University.
14:
973:
958:
935:Kelvin: Life, Labours and Legacy
731:Kelvin, Labor; Labors and Legacy
1068:Scottish scholars and academics
473:Scottish Meteorological Society
323:Physics of Earthquake Phenomena
306:Knott also undertook the first
179:Scottish Meteorological Society
465:United Free Church of Scotland
245:Edinburgh Mathematical Society
1:
1033:Scottish expatriates in Japan
518:Biodiversity Heritage Library
373:are now the basis for modern
208:, where he studied alongside
1043:Fellows of the Royal Society
814:A History of Vector Analysis
377:โ an important technique in
937:. Oxford University Press.
429:Introduction to Quaternions
259:invited British scientists
204:in Angus, and attended the
1109:
1028:Foreign educators in Japan
799:Cambridge University Press
175:Royal Society of Edinburgh
277:Tokyo Imperial University
221:Tokyo Imperial University
141:
112:
30:
632:University of St Andrews
933:Flood, Raymond (2008).
622:"Cargill Gilston Knott"
453:mathematical structures
379:hydrocarbon exploration
337:Order of the Rising Sun
239:. He won the Society's
206:University of Edinburgh
177:, and President of the
107:Order of the Rising Sun
97:University of Edinburgh
991:9 October 2008 at the
978:Quotations related to
795:Exploration Seismology
781:9 October 2008 at the
514:Philosophical Magazine
482:, on 26 October 1922.
437:Alfred North Whitehead
406:hyperbolic quaternions
356:
1053:British seismologists
980:Cargill Gilston Knott
965:Cargill Gilston Knott
844:Cargill Gilston Knott
816:, esp. pp. 200โ5
776:Cargill Gilston Knott
716:15 April 2012 at the
375:reflection seismology
354:
165:who was a pioneer in
148:Cargill Gilston Knott
37:Cargill Gilston Knott
25:Cargill Gilston Knott
1083:People from Arbroath
1048:People from Penicuik
618:Robertson, Edmund F.
486:Partial bibliography
233:John Gray McKendrick
229:Alexander Crum Brown
202:Arbroath High School
1008:Scottish physicists
616:O'Connor, John J.;
371:Zoeppritz equations
347:Return to Edinburgh
200:He was educated at
173:, Secretary of the
963:Works by or about
891:on 24 January 2013
825:C.G. Knott (1893)
812:M.J. Crowe (1967)
692:on 24 January 2013
592:James Alfred Ewing
522:1904: (as editor)
390:Peter Guthrie Tait
357:
315:Tanakadate Aikitsu
273:James Alfred Ewing
225:Peter Guthrie Tait
210:James Alfred Ewing
189:Knott was born in
944:978-0-19-923125-6
587:Knott's equations
449:continuous groups
433:Universal Algebra
367:Knott's equations
145:
144:
114:Scientific career
1100:
977:
962:
948:
901:
900:
898:
896:
890:
884:. Archived from
873:
863:
857:
852:
846:
840:
834:
823:
817:
810:
801:
791:
785:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
755:
748:
740:
734:
727:
721:
708:
702:
701:
699:
697:
691:
685:. Archived from
674:
664:
658:
657:
641:
635:
634:
613:
575:James Main Dixon
492:internet archive
404:in systems like
398:Michael J. Crowe
330:James Main Dixon
319:Fourier analysis
301:electromagnetism
237:Alexander Buchan
64:
35:
21:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:
998:
997:
993:Wayback Machine
955:
945:
932:
920:E. T. Whittaker
905:
904:
894:
892:
888:
882:
871:
865:
864:
860:
853:
849:
841:
837:
824:
820:
811:
804:
792:
788:
783:Wayback Machine
773:
769:
759:
757:
753:
746:
742:
741:
737:
728:
724:
718:Wayback Machine
709:
705:
695:
693:
689:
683:
672:
666:
665:
661:
643:
642:
638:
615:
614:
610:
605:
597:Arthur Schuster
583:
571:
488:
445:complex numbers
408:. Knott wrote:
349:
293:Japanese Empire
289:Fusakichi Omori
261:William Rankine
253:
251:Career in Japan
187:
137:Scotland, Japan
126:, mathematics,
93:Alma mater
72:
66:
62:
61:26 October 1922
53:
47:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1106:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
983:
971:
954:
953:External links
951:
950:
949:
943:
930:
927:
917:
903:
902:
881:0-902-198-84-X
880:
858:
847:
835:
818:
802:
786:
767:
756:on 17 May 2011
735:
722:
703:
682:0-902-198-84-X
681:
659:
636:
607:
606:
604:
601:
600:
599:
594:
589:
582:
579:
570:
567:
566:
565:
558:
552:
542:
536:
530:
520:
516:48: 64โ97 via
506:
487:
484:
441:matrix algebra
418:
417:
416:
415:
394:linear algebra
348:
345:
271:and physicist
252:
249:
195:Tavernor Knott
186:
183:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
121:
117:
116:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
67:
65:(aged 66)
59:
55:
54:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1105:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
994:
990:
987:
984:
981:
976:
972:
970:
966:
961:
957:
956:
952:
946:
940:
936:
931:
928:
925:
921:
918:
915:
911:
907:
906:
887:
883:
877:
870:
869:
862:
859:
856:
851:
848:
845:
839:
836:
832:
828:
822:
819:
815:
809:
807:
803:
800:
796:
790:
787:
784:
780:
777:
771:
768:
752:
745:
739:
736:
732:
726:
723:
719:
715:
712:
707:
704:
688:
684:
678:
671:
670:
663:
660:
655:
651:
647:
640:
637:
633:
629:
628:
623:
619:
612:
609:
602:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
578:
576:
568:
563:
559:
557:
553:
551:
547:
543:
541:
537:
535:
531:
529:
525:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
505:
501:
497:
496:
495:
493:
485:
483:
481:
476:
474:
470:
469:Royal Society
466:
462:
461:Sunday school
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
422:coquaternions
413:
412:
411:
410:
409:
407:
403:
402:associativity
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
353:
346:
344:
342:
341:Emperor Meiji
338:
333:
331:
326:
324:
320:
316:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
250:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
196:
192:
184:
182:
180:
176:
172:
171:Royal Society
168:
167:seismological
164:
163:mathematician
160:
156:
152:
149:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
70:
60:
56:
51:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
982:at Wikiquote
934:
923:
909:
893:. Retrieved
886:the original
867:
861:
850:
838:
821:
794:
789:
770:
758:. Retrieved
751:the original
738:
730:
725:
706:
694:. Retrieved
687:the original
668:
662:
646:D.Sc. Thesis
645:
639:
625:
611:
572:
561:
504:Google Books
489:
477:
457:
432:
428:
426:
419:
383:
365:
361:
358:
334:
327:
322:
312:geophysicist
305:
281:
254:
218:
199:
188:
147:
146:
134:Institutions
113:
63:(1922-10-26)
46:30 June 1856
18:
1018:1922 deaths
1013:1856 births
895:16 February
760:2 September
696:16 February
564:39: 157โ208
528:Hathi Trust
308:geomagnetic
284:Lord Kelvin
265:Lord Kelvin
241:Keith Prize
85:Citizenship
77:Nationality
1002:Categories
969:Wikisource
654:1842/26666
603:References
550:HathiTrust
386:quaternion
269:John Milne
257:Yamao Yลzล
128:seismology
71:, Scotland
52:, Scotland
480:Edinburgh
297:acoustics
214:magnetism
185:Biography
159:physicist
69:Edinburgh
989:Archived
833:47 #1225
779:Archived
733:. Pp.218
714:Archived
581:See also
191:Penicuik
80:Scottish
50:Penicuik
729:Flood,
124:physics
88:British
941:
878:
831:Nature
679:
569:Family
554:1915:
544:1913:
538:1911:
532:1908:
508:1899:
498:1890:
299:, and
235:, and
120:Fields
103:Awards
889:(PDF)
872:(PDF)
754:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
690:(PDF)
673:(PDF)
548:from
502:from
939:ISBN
897:2016
876:ISBN
762:2010
698:2016
677:ISBN
526:via
490:The
447:and
263:and
161:and
155:FRSE
58:Died
43:Born
967:at
650:hdl
435:of
339:by
151:FRS
1004::
829:,
805:^
797:,
648:.
630:,
624:,
620:,
577:.
512:,
475:.
381:.
343:.
332:.
279:.
231:,
227:,
197:.
181:.
153:,
947:.
916:.
899:.
764:.
720:.
700:.
656:.
652::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
