2704:
1749:
2839:: Alberi, Baganzola, Beneceto, Botteghino, Ca'Terzi, Calestano, Carignano, Carpaneto, Cartiera, Casalbaroncolo, Casalora di Ravadese, Casaltone, Case Capelli, Case Cocconi, Case Crostolo, Case Nuove, Case Rosse, Case Vecchie, Casino dalla Rosa, Casagnola, Castelletto, Castelnovo, Cervara, Chiozzola, Coloreto, Colorno, Corcagnano, Eia, Fontanini, Fontanellato, Gaione, Ghiaiata Nuova, Il Moro, La Catena, La Palazzina, Malandriano, Marano, Marore, Martorano, Molino di Malandriano, Osteria San Martino, Panocchia, Paradigna, Pedrignano, Pilastrello, Pizzolese, Ponte, Porporano, Pozzetto Piccolo, Quercioli, Ravadese, Ronco Pascolo, Rosa,
152:
112:
3401:
2404:
121:
245:
212:
2787:
2772:
141:
92:
1292:
2387:
4396:
132:
183:
2285:
3453:
4103:
2802:
1757:
1733:
1151:
3190:
3388:
2816:
926:
3414:
2353:
2336:
2319:
2302:
2268:
2251:
2234:
173:
4069:
3488:
939:
2370:
3440:
3427:
3375:
3474:
3502:
2918:
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759:, the main road connecting Rome to Northern Europe; several castles, hospitals and inns were built in the following centuries to host the increasing number of pilgrims who passed by Parma and Fidenza, following the Apennines via Collecchio, Berceto and the Corchia ranges before descending the Passo della Cisa into Tuscany, heading finally south toward Rome.
101:
1187:
775:
252:
219:
1131:. In 1731, the fifteen-year-old Don Carlos became Charles I Duke of Parma and Piacenza, at the death of his childless great uncle Antonio Farnese. In 1734, Charles I conquered the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, and was crowned as the King of Naples and Sicily on 3 July 1735, leaving the Duchy of Parma to his brother
1099:
was executed in the central square of Parma, together with six other nobles charged of plotting against the duke. At the end of the 17th century, after the defeat of
Pallavicini (1588) and Landi (1682) the Farnese duke could finally hold with firm hand all Parmense territories. The castle of the
2419:
On 1 January 2016 there were 192,836 resident citizens in Parma, of whom 47.64% were male and 52.36% were female. Minors (children aged 18 and younger) totalled 16.46% of the population compared to pensioners who numbered 22.64%. This compares with the
Italian average of 17.45% and 22.04%
694:
reported that the Romans had changed their rectangular shields for round ones, imitating the
Etruscans. Whether the Etruscan encampment acquired its name from its round shape, like a shield, or from its metaphorical function as a shield against the Gauls to the north, remains uncertain.
1906:: church built in 1275 over a pre-existing religious building. Interiors were largely renovated in 1506, 1603 and finally 1701. The Baroque bell tower was built in 1616 and the bells were completed in 1753. Adjacent is a former monastery (1493–1495) of the Regular Canons of the Lateran.
2424:
as a whole grew by 6.45%. In the same period foreign born residents in Parma experienced +385.02% growth, while in Italy growth was of +274.75%. The current birth rate of Parma is 8.62 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the
Italian average of 8.01
1082:
enhanced and the Nobles' College founded. There was also an important Jesuit college in Parma: it was the largest owned by the order in the entire region of Emilia-Romagna and it acquired a strong reputation in the scientific field, given that
Fathers
1323:
were destroyed by Allied bombs; some 21,000 volumes of the library's collection were lost. Several other monuments were also damaged: Palazzo del
Giardino, Steccata and San Giovanni churches, Palazzo Ducale, Paganini theater and the monument to
650:. The "terramare" (marl earth) were ancient villages built of wood on piles according to a defined scheme and squared form; constructed on dry land and generally in proximity to the rivers. During this age (between 1500 BC and 800 BC) the first
618:(born in a hamlet in the countryside) wrote: "As a capital city it had to have a river. As a little capital it received a stream, which is often dry", with reference to the time when the city was capital of the independent
3694:- "The Palatine Library is as well home to the largest Italian collection of Hebrew manuscripts, and the second largest in the world after the Bodleian Library in Oxford. The documents were a gift of Maria Luigia Duchess."
3682:- "Italy has one of the oldest European Diaspora communities and a Jewish presence has been documented in Rome for more than 2,200 years. However, Jews only arrived in the Emilia-Romagna region during the 13th century."
3934:
161:
From top left: Monument to
Victory, Palazzo del Governatore, Parma Cathedral, Palazzo della Pilotta with Monumento al Partigiano, Palazzo del Giardino in Parco Ducale, Baptistery of Parma, aerial view from the
3667:
Atila the Hun put Parma to the torch in 452, as did Totila the
Ostrogoth in the mid-500s. It was rebuilt a number of times as a Lombard capital, the site of a Byzantine treasury, and, from the ninth century, a
913:. Parma's territories were an exception for Northern Italy, as its feudal subdivision frequently continued until more recent years. For example, Solignano was a Pallavicino family possession until 1805, and
1235:, the last of whom was stabbed in the city and left it to his widow, Luisa Maria of Berry. On 15 September 1859 the dynasty was declared deposed, and Parma entered the newly formed province of Emilia under
3707:(Parma, 1950) doc. no. 194; the genesis of the Parmesan commune is studied by R. Schumann, "Authority and the commune: Parma, 833–1033", (Parma: Deputazione di storia patria, series 2.2, VIII) 1973.
1345:
In Parma, the average annual high temperature is 17 °C (63 °F), the annual low temperature is 9 °C (48 °F), and the annual precipitation is 777 millimetres (30.59 inches).
547:
2843:, San Prospero, San Ruffino, San Secondo, Sissa, Soragna, Terenzo, Tizzano Val Parma, Traversetolo, Trecasali, Valera, Viarolo, Viazza, Vicofertile, Vicomero, Vigatto, Vigheffio, Vigolante.
589:
and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second most populous city in Emilia-Romagna after
Bologna, the region's capital. The city is home to the
2703:
1328:. However, Parma did not see widespread destruction during the war. Parma was liberated from the German occupation (1943–1945) on 26 April 1945 by the partisan resistance and the
1154:
The city of Parma, divided by the river of the same name, with the imposing
Romanesque Cathedral of the Ascension of the Virgin prominent on the right bank. 16th century.
1250:
The loss of the capital role provoked an economic and social crisis in Parma. It started to recover its role of industrial prominence after the railway connection with
4745:
3358:
1816:
1866:
church served as jail from Napoleonic era until 1990s, during which the 16 windows in the façade were opened. The Oratory of the Concezione houses frescoes by
2771:
1213:
1170:(Palatine Library), the Archaeological Museum, the Picture Gallery and the Botanical Garden were founded, together with the Royal Printing Works directed by
4740:
4140:
4043:
1166:. He created the bases for a modern industry and fought strenuously against the church's privileges. The city lived a period of particular splendour: the
3525:
864:. Then, after a long stance alongside the emperors, the Papist families of the city gained control in 1248. The city was besieged in 1247–48 by Emperor
4427:
3935:"Parma Baseball - LE MODALITA' DI ACCESSO E I PREZZI DEI BIGLIETTI PER GARA TRE E L'EVENTUALE GARA QUATTRO. SI GIOCA MARTEDI' E MERCOLEDI' ALLE 20.30"
3768:
1824:
905:, building towers and castles throughout the city and the land. These fiefs evolved into truly independent states: the Landi governed the higher
244:
1748:
4030:
1910:
4057:
3916:
280:
2786:
1311:
resistance. The train station and marshalling yards were targets for high altitude bombing by the Allies in the spring of 1944. Much of the
211:
1329:
766:
houses the largest collection of Hebrew manuscripts in Italy, and the second-largest in the world after the Bodleian Library in Oxford.
710:
and the Via Claudia. It had a forum, in what is today the central Garibaldi Square. In April 43 BC the city was destroyed. Subsequently
1208:
3726:
3653:
2087:
1071:
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held the city in 1500–1521, with a short Papal parenthesis in 1512–1515. After the foreigners were expelled, Parma belonged to the
3997:
3576:
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2154:
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1918:
1361:
1159:
865:
4002:
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1806:: Abbey church originally constructed in the 10th century behind the Cathedral's apse, rebuilt in 1498 and 1510. It has a late
1802:
481:
909:'s valley from 1257 to 1682. The Pallavicino seignory extended over the eastern part of today's province, with the capital in
3310:
3057:
2746:
2133:
2009:
1858:
1228:
964:
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in 1183 confirmed the Italian communes' rights of self-governance, long-standing quarrels with the neighbouring communes of
3992:
4420:
3570:
1886:, had a nave and two aisles with a semicircular apse. Rebuilt in 1415 and again in 1635–1666. The frescoes in the nave by
3917:"Stadium Of Baseball Nino Cavalli — Punto dinteresse in Parma, Via Teresa Confalonieri Casati, 22, 43125 Parma PR, Italy"
2144:; important works and documents concerning the Duchy of Parma in the 18th and 19th centuries are also kept by the Museum.
1993:, with interesting decorations dating from the 16th centuries and attributed to Gianfrancesco d'Agrate, and a fresco by
463:
151:
1965:
1348:
The following data comes from the weather station located at the university in the city center. It is affected by the
619:
4395:
1270:
were strong in the city, in which a notable General Strike was declared from 1 May to 6 June 1908. The struggle with
949:
789:
rule, Parma became the capital of a county in 774. Like most northern Italian cities, it was nominally a part of the
2420:
respectively. In the fourteen years between 2002 and 2016, the population of Parma experienced 17.72% growth, while
1011:
182:
4126:
2801:
1820:(1520–1522) by Correggio which heralded illusionistic perspective ceilings. Cloisters and library are also notable.
1095:, all members of the order, taught there. The war to reduce the barons' power continued for several years: in 1612
763:
4007:
3325:
983:
968:
953:
3515:
3232:
2906:
2054:(also known as Roman Bridge or Theoderic's Bridge): Ruins of Ancient Roman stone bridge dating from the reign of
2001:
1986:
1369:
1357:
565:
4012:
3301:
Parma has a thriving economy, and the food sector is very developed. Some of the players in this sector include
1957:
733:
4413:
3268:
3075:
2028:
1105:
120:
111:
1376:
have far milder climates with cooler summers and milder winters, with the mountains separating Parma from the
990:
4436:
3290:
3244:
3240:
2948:
2840:
2750:
2083:
1883:
1832:
1779:
849:
4380:
4260:
2091:
2062:
960:
31:
1922:(1604–1619): church characterized by an unusual hexagonal plan. The cupola is decorated with frescoes by
4609:
4280:
4175:
3493:
3332:
3321:
2815:
2098:
1952:
1938:
1923:
1312:
1296:
1132:
442:
1203:
997:
140:
91:
2979:
1989:. Built on the former Sforza castle area, it was enlarged in the 17th–18th centuries. It includes the
1895:
797:, but locally ruled by its bishops, the first being Guibodus. In the subsequent struggles between the
4325:
4190:
3457:
3282:
3217:
3205:
3177:
3099:
2902:
2857:
1887:
1867:
1787:
1761:
1128:
914:
876:
861:
810:
806:
744:
452:
4075:
3679:
1891:
4320:
4300:
4270:
4118:
3603:
3520:
3306:
3278:
3129:
3039:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
2960:
2111:
2071:
1961:
1902:
1863:
1846:
1794:
1320:
1308:
1291:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1096:
1079:
778:
590:
979:
3691:
3003:
2985:
2929:
2866:
2765:, and a medium-large food tourism sector, represented by Parma Golosa and Food Valley companies.
2659:
2141:
1878:
1783:
1236:
830:
615:
611:
494:
334:
172:
1380:
acting as a barrier to the sea air. The city receives approximately 45 cm of snow each winter.
4355:
4195:
4159:
3981:
3890:
3722:
3649:
3302:
3263:
3254:
3209:
3197:
3051:
2991:
2896:
2878:
2872:
2758:
1997:. Annexed is the Ducal Park also by Vignola. It was turned into a French-style garden in 1749.
1871:
1851:
1377:
1349:
1299:
in Piazza della Pace. The rebuilt part on the right is where once was the church of St. Peter.
1280:
1175:
1124:
1120:
1084:
1044:
790:
751:, "Golden City", probably due to the presence of the imperial treasury) and, from 569, of the
647:
631:
339:
131:
4694:
4305:
3147:
3081:
3033:
2123:
2067:
1930:
1840:
1244:
1232:
1088:
1059:
893:
in 1341. After a short-lived period of independence under the Terzi family (1404–1409), the
814:
801:
and the Empire, Parma was usually a member of the Imperial party. Two of its bishops became
741:
691:
553:
540:
322:
57:
654:(on the sites of the present-day Piazza Duomo and Piazzale della Macina) were constructed.
4669:
4345:
4330:
4275:
4250:
4022:
3379:
3349:, Parma's airport, offers commercial flights to cities in a number of European countries.
3274:
3123:
3117:
3093:
3087:
2997:
2973:
2935:
2711:
Parma is famous for its food and rich gastronomical tradition: two of its specialties are
1982:
1934:: late Baroque style church rebuilt in 1754 and dedicated to one of Parma's patron saints.
1811:
1774:
1756:
1741:
1732:
1315:, situated not far (half a mile) from the train station, was destroyed. Along with it the
1259:
1220:
1195:
1075:
1043:
Between the 14th and the 15th centuries, Parma was at the centre of the Italian Wars. The
886:
869:
498:
1278:
attempted to enter the popular quarter of Oltretorrente. The citizens organized into the
3746:
4750:
4149:
3444:
3250:
3189:
3159:
3105:
3069:
3045:
2884:
2635:
2129:
2103:
2078:
1969:
1325:
1316:
1112:
1092:
756:
675:
603:
578:
570:
374:
327:
706:); 2,000 families were settled. Parma had a certain importance as a road hub over the
593:, one of the oldest universities in the world. Parma is divided into two parts by the
4734:
4674:
4614:
4037:
3952:
3507:
3452:
3346:
3165:
3135:
2910:
2890:
2721:
1647:
1063:
834:
594:
4370:
4315:
4240:
3479:
3405:
3258:
3141:
2942:
2675:
1994:
1973:
1353:
1304:
1224:
1140:
1078:, last male of the Farnese line, died. In 1594 a constitution was promulgated, the
1052:
1004:
925:
906:
798:
715:
699:
574:
3790:
1814:. The cupola is frescoed with an influential masterpiece of the Renaissance: the
601:. Parma's Etruscan name was adapted by Romans to describe the round shield called
3643:
3626:
755:
Kingdom of Italy. During the Middle Ages, Parma became an important stage of the
4405:
4310:
3364:
3236:
3228:
3224:
3193:
Parma F.C. fans at the Stadio Ennio Tardini, one of the oldest stadiums in Italy
3171:
3111:
2687:
2671:
2391:
2386:
2289:
2284:
2116:
1844:: (11th century): former Benedictine convent houses Correggio's frescoes in the
1275:
1267:
1162:(1748). Parma became a modern state with the energetic action of prime minister
1150:
1111:
In the Treaty of London (1718) it was promulgated that the heir to the combined
938:
898:
794:
707:
17:
4375:
4255:
4210:
3469:
3340:
3213:
3153:
2726:
1285:
1240:
855:
651:
643:
582:
502:
2132:. It exhibits a prestigious collection of art and historical items regarding
295:
282:
4335:
4290:
4245:
4225:
4205:
3392:
3235:, one of the top rugby competitions in the world. Parma also is home to two
1807:
1737:
902:
841:
became harsher, with the aim of controlling the vital trading line over the
663:
433:
3581:
2917:
2025:("Old Hospital"), created in 1250 and later renovated in Renaissance times.
1798:: construction began in 1196 by Antelami, stands adjacent to the cathedral.
3864:
3833:
3545:
4654:
4604:
4589:
4518:
4265:
4220:
4170:
3387:
3286:
2836:
2762:
2713:
2137:
2055:
1251:
1227:'s upheavals had no fertile ground in the tranquil duchy. In 1847, after
1216:, the Emperor's Arch-Treasurer, on 24 April 1808 (extinguished in 1926).
1116:
1067:
842:
818:
802:
752:
711:
586:
349:
2982:, dancer at Crazy Horse de Paris, choreographer and TV talent show judge
1372:
due to the city's inland position. Relatively nearby coastal areas like
1070:
from the Papal States and gave them as a duchy to his illegitimate son,
4719:
4699:
4689:
4684:
4664:
4649:
4644:
4619:
4594:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4533:
4523:
4513:
4508:
4482:
4365:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4235:
4215:
4200:
4185:
4180:
4092:
3439:
3413:
3201:
2861:
2683:
2679:
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2655:
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2643:
2357:
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2340:
2335:
2323:
2318:
2306:
2301:
2272:
2267:
2255:
2250:
2238:
2233:
1288:. This episode is considered the first example of Resistance in Italy.
1271:
1263:
1255:
1186:
1136:
1101:
910:
881:
838:
774:
729:
678:
borrowing, as were many Roman terms for particular arms, and the names
423:
100:
3717:
Gatto, Romano (2019). "Jesuit mathematics". In Ines G. Županov (ed.).
1135:. All the outstanding art collections of the duke's palaces of Parma,
4709:
4679:
4634:
4624:
4599:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4543:
4538:
4472:
4285:
4230:
4154:
4109:
3426:
3418:
3374:
2754:
2717:
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2106:. It has a Neo-Classical façade and a porch with double window order.
1274:
had its most dramatic moment in August 1922, when the regime officer
1199:
1144:
1048:
894:
826:
786:
737:
725:
703:
459:
438:
70:
3546:"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"
897:
imposed their rule (1440–1449) through their associated families of
4714:
4704:
4659:
4629:
4528:
4487:
4477:
4456:
4385:
3431:
3400:
3289:
located in Parma. It is the home stadium of Parma Baseball of the
3188:
2916:
2835:
The comune (municipality) of Parma is subdivided into a number of
2702:
2663:
2421:
2408:
2403:
2374:
2369:
1755:
1747:
1731:
1373:
1290:
1185:
1149:
924:
890:
773:
315:
3804:
3648:. Westport, Connecticur: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 93.
901:, Rossi, Sanvitale and Da Correggio. These created a kind of new
4503:
4451:
3336:
2734:
status. Parma also claims several stuffed pasta dishes, such as
2442:
2044:, a large fortress erected in the 16th century by order of Duke
4409:
4122:
1956:(1583): it houses the Academy of Fine Arts with artists of the
3645:
The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture
932:
4051:
4017:
2634:
As of 1 January 2016, 84.09% of the population was
522:
4036:
2757:
City of Gastronomy. Parma also has two food multinationals,
2437:
30:
This article is about the Italian city. For other uses, see
3771:. Arpae Emilia-Romagna agenzia prevenzione ambiente energia
1219:
After the restoration of the Duchy of Parma by the 1814–15
3335:
has been in operation since 1953. It replaced an earlier
3309:, in the pharma industry, is headquartered in Parma. The
2887:(Giacomo Zanguidi or Jacopo Zanguidi or Bertoja), painter
3834:"Popolazione residente - Bilancio demografico Anno 2015"
2102:("Royal Theatre"): city operah house built 1821–1829 by
4047:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 850–851.
4008:
Video Introduction to Parma and the Parmigiano Reggiano
1968:, the Archaeological Museum, the Bodoni Museum and the
1744:(1604), with sculpture by Giambattista Carra da Bissone
3865:"Cittadini stranieri - Bilancio demografico Anno 2015"
1206:. Under its French name, Parme, it was also created a
2638:. The largest foreign group came from other parts of
1740:
façade of the church of San Giovanni Evangelista, by
3271:
is the ground of rugby and American football teams.
2013:("Governor's Palace"), dating from the 13th century.
1243:
of 1860 the former duchy became part of the unified
1074:, whose descendants ruled in Parma until 1731, when
817:
was created around 1140; a treaty between Parma and
702:
colony was founded in 183 BC, together with Mutina (
662:
The city was most probably founded and named by the
4552:
4496:
4465:
4444:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3828:
3826:
2994:, typographers and typefounders, Bodoni's opponents
516:
508:
490:
480:
470:
449:
432:
422:
414:
406:
401:
393:
385:
380:
370:
365:
346:
333:
321:
311:
44:
917:belonged to the Rossi well into the 19th century.
1284:("The people's daring ones") and pushed back the
3721:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 646.
2218:Largest resident foreign-born groups (1/1/2016)
597:. The district on the west side of the river is
3891:"Bilancio demografico intercensuario Anno 2002"
3220:, which opened in 1923 and seats up to 23,000.
3705:Le Carte degli archivi parmensi del secolo XII
3565:
3563:
885:of Parma. In 1331, the city submitted to King
762:The city had a medieval Jewish community. The
728:sacked the city in 452, and the Germanic king
569:) is a city in the northern Italian region of
4421:
4134:
3359:List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy
1104:was turned into a luxurious summer palace by
853:
732:later gifted it to his followers. During the
646:. In the current position of the city rose a
347:
68:
49:
8:
2745:In 2004 Parma was appointed the seat of the
2428:
3526:History of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza#
1158:Parma was under French influence after the
967:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4428:
4414:
4406:
4141:
4127:
4119:
4018:The European Food Safety Authority Website
3998:Parma's view from satellite (Google Earth)
3548:. Italian National Institute of Statistics
2707:Caffè Teatro Regio in front of the theatre
2427:
2216:
2152:
2086:, totally in wood. It was commissioned by
1782:church houses a 12th-century sculpture by
1383:
41:
3993:Live-streaming webcam on Garibaldi Square
1786:and a 16th-century fresco masterpiece by
1214:Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance
1031:Learn how and when to remove this message
852:was a feature of Parma too. In 1213, her
642:Parma was already a built-up area in the
3132:, composer and musician, buried in Parma
4746:Municipalities of the Province of Parma
4064:
3921:parma-emilia-romagna.catalogo-online.it
3537:
2767:
1825:Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata
805:: Càdalo, founder of the cathedral, as
722:for its loyalty to the imperial house.
515:
489:
469:
431:
421:
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392:
389:260.77 km (100.68 sq mi)
379:
364:
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203:
166:
83:
78:
3791:"Monastero di San Giovanni, la chiesa"
3642:Domenico, Roy Palmer (2002). "Parma".
3339:network, and presently comprises four
2921:Detail of Correggio's frescoes in the
1178:as skilled and inspired punchcutters.
821:of 1149 is the earliest document of a
740:destroyed it. It was then part of the
564:
2747:European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)
1752:Façade of the church of San Francesco
539:
507:
479:
448:
413:
405:
384:
369:
332:
320:
194:
7:
3982:Bibliography of the history of Parma
3604:"Archaeology in Emilia Romagna page"
3281:are other sports teams in the city.
3239:teams in the top national division,
2941:Francesco Mazzola, best known as Il
1972:. It was partially destroyed during
1810:façade and a bell tower designed by
965:adding citations to reliable sources
1387:Climate data for Parma (1991–2020)
1133:Philip (Filippo I di Borbone-Parma)
231:Location of Parma in Emilia-Romagna
4741:Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna
4023:Photo Gallery by Leonardo Bellotti
3719:The Oxford Handbook of the Jesuits
3257:team which provided the basis for
1198:(1802–1814), Parma was annexed to
889:. Parma fell under the control of
25:
3628:The Letters of Cicero: B.C. 44-43
3571:"Popolazione residente Anno 2016"
3347:Aeroporto Internazionale di Parma
1817:Vision of St. John the Evangelist
1231:'s death, it passed again to the
1047:was fought in its territory. The
690:appear in Etruscan inscriptions.
4394:
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4067:
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3486:
3472:
3451:
3438:
3425:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3373:
3223:Parma's other sport team is the
3216:in 2015. It plays in the city's
3064:Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
2955:Giovanni Maria Francesco Rondani
2814:
2800:
2785:
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2385:
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2005:municipal offices, built in 1627
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90:
3745:. Pitoresco.com. Archived from
2732:Protected designation of origin
1307:, Parma was a strong centre of
630:For a chronological guide, see
39:Comune in Emilia-Romagna, Italy
4031:Parma on The Campanile Project
3311:European Food Safety Authority
3305:, which is based in the city.
2126:, where the musician was born.
1229:Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
1:
2082:: theater built 1618–1619 by
1720:Source: Arpae Emilia-Romagna
1330:Brazilian Expeditionary Force
868:, who was however crushed in
359:
251:
218:
27:City in Emilia-Romagna, Italy
4013:Video Brief History of Parma
4003:360° photos of City of Parma
3809:briar press official website
3580:(in Italian). Archived from
1911:Santa Caterina d'Alessandria
1209:duché grand-fief de l'Empire
3743:"Mapa da рrea de operaушes"
3680:Italy's poetic Parma region
2905:(Antonio Allegri), born in
2780:cheese, the true "Parmesan"
1981:, built from 1561 for Duke
1760:Opera house programme near
1576:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1436:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
4767:
3979:
3356:
3353:Twin towns – sister cities
3297:Economy and infrastructure
2730:("Parma ham"), both given
1991:Palazzo Eucherio Sanvitale
1850:(1519–1520), and works by
1719:
1386:
629:
267:Show map of Emilia-Romagna
29:
4392:
4166:
3631:. G. Bell and Sons. 1900.
3516:European College of Parma
3072:(1857–1933), opera singer
3048:, actor, singer and model
2749:and was appointed to the
2624:
2455:—
2048:, close to the old walls.
1987:Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola
1919:Santa Maria del Quartiere
1882:: 12th-century church in
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1435:
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1412:
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1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1358:humid subtropical climate
929:Parma in the 15th century
718:, it gained the title of
418:760/km (2,000/sq mi)
276:
204:
195:
167:
84:
79:
66:
3769:"Tabelle climatologiche"
3313:is also based in Parma.
3269:Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi
3200:, founded in 2015, is a
3076:Francesco Gabriele Frola
2869:, architect and sculptor
2029:Palazzo Tarasconi, Parma
1803:San Giovanni Evangelista
1352:phenomenon. Parma has a
1202:and made capital of the
813:. An almost independent
674:(circular shield) was a
48:
4044:Encyclopædia Britannica
3333:Parma trolleybus system
3291:Italian Baseball League
2988:, composer and musician
2949:Girolamo Mazzola Bedoli
2751:Creative Cities Network
2084:Giovan Battista Aleotti
2035:Other sites of interest
2010:Palazzo del Governatore
1859:San Francesco del Prato
850:Guelphs and Ghibellines
714:rebuilt it. During the
595:stream of the same name
557:
495:Sant'Ilario di Poitiers
397:55 m (180 ft)
296:44.801472°N 10.328000°E
50:
3616:XXII, 2,2; XXVIII, 2,1
3194:
2925:
2852:Painters and sculptors
2708:
2658:: 6.45%), followed by
2172:18 years old and under
2140:and her first husband
2063:Orto Botanico di Parma
1914:: 14th-century church.
1898:) date to this period.
1764:
1753:
1745:
1370:continental influences
1300:
1191:
1155:
930:
854:
782:
747:(changing its name to
348:
264:Parma (Emilia-Romagna)
69:
32:Parma (disambiguation)
4281:Neviano degli Arduini
4056:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3494:European Union portal
3326:Milan–Bologna railway
3322:Parma railway station
3192:
2920:
2706:
2429:Historical population
2183:65 years old and over
1953:Palazzo della Pilotta
1924:Pier Antonio Bernabei
1759:
1751:
1735:
1313:Palazzo della Pilotta
1297:Palazzo della Pilotta
1294:
1189:
1153:
1066:, detached Parma and
928:
848:The struggle between
777:
451: • Summer (
4326:San Secondo Parmense
3939:www.parmabaseball.it
3283:Nino Cavalli Stadium
3241:Overmach Rugby Parma
3218:Stadio Ennio Tardini
3156:(Bello FiGo), singer
3100:Giovannino Guareschi
3066:, military commander
2903:Antonio da Correggio
2858:Michelangelo Anselmi
1979:Palazzo del Giardino
1888:Giovanni Maria Conti
1868:Michelangelo Anselmi
1833:Sant'Uldarico, Parma
1788:Antonio da Correggio
961:improve this section
862:Rambertino Buvalelli
745:Exarchate of Ravenna
428:Parmesan, Parmigiano
415: • Density
301:44.801472; 10.328000
4381:Varano de' Melegari
4321:Salsomaggiore Terme
4301:Pellegrino Parmense
4271:Monchio delle Corti
4261:Lesignano de' Bagni
3959:(in Italian). Parma
3521:University of Parma
3307:Chiesi Farmaceutici
3040:Cleofonte Campanini
3028:Giambattista Bodoni
3016:Giuseppe Bertolucci
3010:Bernardo Bertolucci
2961:Bartolomeo Schedoni
2923:Camera di San Paolo
2793:Prosciutto di Parma
2778:Parmigiano Reggiano
2727:Prosciutto di Parma
2714:Parmigiano Reggiano
2430:
2219:
2205:Births/1,000 people
2158:
2092:Cosimo I de' Medici
2072:University of Parma
1847:Camera di San Paolo
1768:Religious buildings
1506:Daily mean °C (°F)
1321:Biblioteca Palatina
1172:Giambattista Bodoni
1168:Biblioteca Palatina
1164:Guillaume du Tillot
1097:Barbara Sanseverino
779:Baptistery of Parma
591:University of Parma
292: /
3584:on 6 February 2017
3231:which competes in
3208:club. It replaced
3195:
3004:Attilio Bertolucci
2986:Giovanni Amighetti
2930:Francesco Marmitta
2926:
2867:Benedetto Antelami
2860:, painter born in
2808:Tortelli d'erbetta
2736:tortelli d'erbetta
2720:(also produced in
2709:
2660:Sub-Saharan Africa
2217:
2194:Foreign Population
2153:
2142:Napoleon Bonaparte
2070:maintained by the
2046:Alessandro Farnese
2002:Palazzo del Comune
1784:Benedetto Antelami
1765:
1754:
1746:
1301:
1258:of 1859, and with
1237:Luigi Carlo Farini
1192:
1156:
1123:'s elder son with
1106:Ferdinando Bibiena
1072:Pier Luigi Farnese
931:
831:Peace of Constance
809:; and Guibert, as
783:
616:Attilio Bertolucci
407: • Total
386: • Total
371: • Mayor
4728:
4727:
4403:
4402:
4356:Tizzano Val Parma
4196:Borgo Val di Taro
4160:Province of Parma
3264:Playing for Pizza
3255:American football
3204:(first division)
3198:Parma Calcio 1913
3052:Elizabeth Farnese
2992:Amoretti Brothers
2897:Giulio Carmignani
2879:Sisto Badalocchio
2873:Alessandro Araldi
2686:: 1.46%) and the
2632:
2631:
2417:
2416:
2215:
2214:
2090:for the visit of
1946:Secular buildings
1872:Francesco Rondani
1862:: (13th century)
1852:Alessandro Araldi
1724:
1723:
1378:Mediterranean Sea
1350:urban heat island
1281:Arditi del Popolo
1176:Amoretti Brothers
1125:Philip V of Spain
1121:Elisabeth Farnese
1085:Giuseppe Biancani
1058:In that year the
1045:Battle of Fornovo
1041:
1040:
1033:
1015:
877:Rolando de' Rossi
791:Holy Roman Empire
632:Timeline of Parma
566:[ˈpɛːʁmɐ]
530:
529:
482:Dialing code
234:Show map of Italy
198:Location of Parma
16:(Redirected from
4758:
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4306:Polesine Zibello
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3749:on 10 April 2008
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3377:
3287:baseball stadium
3162:, opera composer
3148:Arturo Toscanini
3130:Niccolò Paganini
3082:Vittorio Gallese
3054:, Queen of Spain
3034:Vittorio Bottego
2980:Deborah Lettieri
2822:Anolini in brodo
2818:
2804:
2789:
2774:
2740:anolini in brodo
2699:Food and cuisine
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2223:Country of birth
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2159:
2124:Arturo Toscanini
2122:Museum House of
2112:Niccolò Paganini
2068:botanical garden
2023:Ospedale Vecchio
1966:National Gallery
1962:Palatine Library
1896:Antonio Lombardi
1884:Romanesque style
1841:San Paolo, Parma
1384:
1319:and part of the
1245:Kingdom of Italy
1233:House of Bourbon
1182:Contemporary age
1036:
1029:
1025:
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1016:
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933:
859:
764:Palatine Library
692:Diodorus Siculus
568:
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543:
541:[ˈpaɾma]
538:
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523:Official website
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18:Carignano, Parma
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4670:Reggio Calabria
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4437:Cities in Italy
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4399:
4390:
4346:Sorbolo Mezzani
4331:Sissa Trecasali
4276:Montechiarugolo
4251:Fornovo di Taro
4162:
4147:
4117:
4113:from Wikivoyage
4107:
4102:
4100:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4079:from Wiktionary
4073:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4059:sister projects
4058:
4035:
4025:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3973:
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3962:
3960:
3957:comune.parma.it
3951:
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3910:
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3898:
3895:GeoDemo - Istat
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3869:GeoDemo - Istat
3863:
3862:
3853:
3843:
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3838:GeoDemo - Istat
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3805:"Bodoni Museum"
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3460:, United States
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3385:
3380:Bourg-en-Bresse
3372:
3361:
3355:
3319:
3299:
3275:Pallavolo Parma
3187:
3178:Alvaro Valiente
3124:Ferdinando Paer
3118:Antonio Brianti
3094:Fiorello Giraud
3090:, racing driver
3088:Pietro Gandolfi
3078:, ballet dancer
3060:, duke of Parma
3058:Odoardo Farnese
3000:, racing driver
2998:Andrea Belicchi
2974:Vittorio Adorni
2970:
2936:Filippo Mazzola
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2157:1 January 2016
2151:
2088:Duke Ranuccio I
2037:
2017:Bishop's Palace
1985:on a design by
1983:Ottavio Farnese
1970:Farnese Theatre
1958:School of Parma
1948:
1812:Simone Moschino
1775:Parma Cathedral
1770:
1742:Simone Moschino
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1221:Vienna Congress
1204:Taro Department
1196:Napoleonic Wars
1184:
1174:, aided by the
1160:Peace of Aachen
1100:Sanseverino in
1076:Antonio Farnese
1037:
1026:
1020:
1017:
974:
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958:
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887:John of Bohemia
860:was the Guelph
837:, Piacenza and
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3634:
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3609:
3595:
3559:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3497:
3483:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3448:
3435:
3422:
3409:
3396:
3383:
3369:
3354:
3351:
3318:
3315:
3298:
3295:
3279:Parma Baseball
3251:Parma Panthers
3245:SKG Gran Rugby
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3160:Giuseppe Verdi
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3106:Adriano Malori
3103:
3097:
3096:, opera singer
3091:
3085:
3084:, physiologist
3079:
3073:
3070:Adalgisa Gabbi
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3046:Francesco Cura
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2939:
2933:
2915:
2914:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2885:Jacopo Bertoia
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Notable people
2845:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2769:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2486:
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2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2130:Museo Lombardi
2127:
2120:
2115:, designed by
2107:
2104:Nicola Bettoli
2095:
2079:Teatro Farnese
2075:
2059:
2049:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2006:
1998:
1976:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1939:Santa Cristina
1935:
1927:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1892:Francesco Reti
1875:
1855:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1799:
1791:
1769:
1766:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
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1676:
1671:
1666:
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1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
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1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1356:, four-season
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1317:Teatro Farnese
1183:
1180:
1143:were moved to
1113:Duchy of Parma
1093:Mario Bettinus
1039:
1038:
945:
943:
936:
922:
919:
771:
768:
757:Via Francigena
659:
656:
639:
636:
627:
624:
620:Duchy of Parma
573:known for its
571:Emilia-Romagna
528:
527:
518:
514:
513:
510:
506:
505:
492:
488:
487:
484:
478:
477:
474:
472:
468:
467:
457:
447:
446:
436:
430:
429:
426:
420:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
399:
398:
395:
391:
390:
387:
383:
382:
378:
377:
375:Michele Guerra
372:
368:
367:
363:
362:
354:
344:
343:
337:
331:
330:
328:Emilia-Romagna
325:
319:
318:
313:
309:
308:
274:
273:
263:
257:
256:
249:
248:
242:
241:
240:
239:
230:
224:
223:
216:
215:
209:
208:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
186:
180:
176:
170:
169:
168:
165:
164:
160:
149:
148:
147:
138:
137:
129:
128:
127:
118:
117:
109:
108:
107:
98:
97:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:
77:
76:
67:
64:
63:
45:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4763:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4675:Reggio Emilia
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
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4555:
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4545:
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4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:by population
4438:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4397:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4112:
4111:
4110:Travel guides
4099:
4095:
4094:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4046:
4045:
4039:
4038:"Parma"
4034:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3975:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3811:. briar press
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3793:(in Italian).
3792:
3786:
3783:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3730:
3728:9780190639655
3724:
3720:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3657:
3655:9780313307331
3651:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3635:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3605:
3599:
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3578:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3508:Cities portal
3498:
3495:
3484:
3481:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3253:is the Parma
3252:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3212:, which went
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3166:Marcus Thuram
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:Renzo Pezzani
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3030:, typographer
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:Giacomo Belli
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2911:Reggio Emilia
2908:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2891:Amedeo Bocchi
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2841:San Pancrazio
2838:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:Reggio Emilia
2719:
2716:
2715:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
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2590:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:
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2514:
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2502:
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2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2395:
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2371:
2366:
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2361:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2298:
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2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2222:
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2210:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1648:precipitation
1644:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1368:) with heavy
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:Parma in 1832
1188:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:Niccolò Cabeo
1086:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1035:
1032:
1024:
1021:November 2018
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
992:
989:
985:
982: –
981:
977:
976:Find sources:
970:
966:
962:
956:
955:
951:
946:This section
944:
940:
935:
934:
927:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
883:
878:
873:
872:that ensued.
871:
867:
863:
858:
857:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
835:Reggio Emilia
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
780:
776:
769:
767:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
657:
655:
653:
649:
645:
637:
633:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
605:
600:
599:Oltretorrente
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
559:
555:
548:
542:
534:
524:
519:
511:
504:
500:
496:
493:
485:
483:
473:
465:
461:
458:
454:
444:
440:
437:
435:
427:
425:
417:
409:
396:
388:
376:
373:
361:
357:
355:
352:
351:
341:
338:
336:
329:
326:
324:
317:
314:
305:
277:Coordinates:
246:
213:
184:
174:
153:
142:
133:
122:
113:
102:
93:
73:
72:
65:
59:
52:
43:
37:
33:
19:
4639:
4371:Traversetolo
4316:Sala Baganza
4295:
4241:Fontanellato
4153:
4108:
4096:from Commons
4091:
4074:
4053:
4042:
4026:(in Italian)
3976:Bibliography
3961:. Retrieved
3956:
3953:"Gemellaggi"
3947:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3897:(in Italian)
3894:
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3871:(in Italian)
3868:
3842:. Retrieved
3840:(in Italian)
3837:
3813:. Retrieved
3808:
3799:
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3763:
3751:. Retrieved
3747:the original
3737:
3718:
3712:
3704:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3666:
3659:. Retrieved
3644:
3637:
3627:
3621:
3612:
3598:
3586:. Retrieved
3582:the original
3574:
3550:. Retrieved
3540:
3480:Italy portal
3406:Shijiazhuang
3362:
3345:
3330:
3320:
3300:
3273:
3262:
3259:John Grisham
3249:
3222:
3196:
3180:, footballer
3174:, footballer
3168:, footballer
3142:Alex Szilasi
2943:Parmigianino
2922:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2807:
2792:
2777:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2712:
2710:
2676:North Africa
2633:
2418:
2149:Demographics
2134:Maria Luigia
2109:
2099:Teatro Regio
2097:
2077:
2061:
2052:Pons Lapidis
2051:
2041:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1995:Parmigianino
1990:
1978:
1974:World War II
1951:
1937:
1929:
1917:
1909:
1903:San Sepolcro
1901:
1877:
1857:
1845:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1801:
1793:
1773:
1762:Teatro Regio
1650:mm (inches)
1365:
1354:mid-latitude
1347:
1344:
1305:World War II
1302:
1279:
1268:Trade unions
1249:
1225:Risorgimento
1218:
1207:
1193:
1157:
1141:Sala Baganza
1110:
1057:
1055:until 1545.
1053:Papal States
1042:
1027:
1018:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
975:
959:Please help
947:
880:
874:
866:Frederick II
847:
829:. After the
822:
784:
761:
748:
724:
719:
716:Roman Empire
697:
687:
683:
679:
671:
667:
661:
641:
609:
602:
598:
575:architecture
532:
531:
499:Sant'Onorato
491:Patron saint
356:
287:10°19′40.8″E
284:44°48′05.3″N
187:Coat of arms
36:
4311:Roccabianca
4076:Definitions
3963:16 December
3237:rugby union
3225:rugby union
3172:Jerry Torre
3154:Paul Yeboah
3150:, conductor
3120:, architect
3112:Franco Nero
3042:, conductor
2795:(cured ham)
2688:Philippines
2672:Ivory Coast
2392:Ivory Coast
2290:Philippines
2226:Population
2117:Renzo Piano
2110:Auditorium
1926:and pupils.
1879:Santa Croce
1728:Main sights
1276:Italo Balbo
1239:. With the
1194:During the
915:San Secondo
899:Pallavicino
811:Clement III
807:Honorius II
795:Charlemagne
793:created by
781:, 1196–1270
770:Middle Ages
749:Chrysopolis
736:, however,
708:Via Aemilia
475:43121-43126
471:Postal code
299: /
4735:Categories
4445:1,000,000+
4376:Valmozzola
4256:Langhirano
4211:Collecchio
3980:See also:
3815:23 October
3668:bishopric.
3575:GeoDemo -
3532:References
3395:, Slovenia
3357:See also:
3341:trolleybus
3324:is on the
3210:Parma F.C.
3126:, composer
3036:, explorer
3024:, musician
3018:, director
3012:, director
2913:), painter
2674:: 1.81%),
2042:Cittadella
1795:Baptistery
1780:Romanesque
1286:squadristi
1241:plebiscite
1129:Don Carlos
1080:University
991:newspapers
921:Modern era
870:the battle
825:headed by
734:Gothic War
652:necropolis
644:Bronze Age
638:Prehistory
583:prosciutto
512:January 13
424:Demonym(s)
402:Population
366:Government
162:Baptistery
4610:Giugliano
4336:Solignano
4291:Palanzano
4246:Fontevivo
4226:Corniglio
4206:Calestano
3703:G. Drei,
3447:, Germany
3421:, Hungary
3393:Ljubljana
3363:Parma is
3317:Transport
3144:, pianist
3108:, cyclist
2976:, cyclist
2963:, painter
2957:, painter
2951:, painter
2945:, painter
2938:, painter
2932:, painter
2907:Correggio
2899:, painter
2893:, painter
2881:, painter
2875:, painter
2690:: 1.33%.
1931:San Rocco
1808:Mannerist
1738:Mannerist
1336:Geography
1266:in 1883.
1119:would be
948:does not
903:feudalism
879:was made
875:By 1328,
803:antipopes
742:Byzantine
664:Etruscans
658:Antiquity
648:terramare
509:Saint day
503:San Rocco
434:Time zone
394:Elevation
4695:Syracuse
4655:Piacenza
4590:Cagliari
4553:100,000+
4519:Florence
4497:200,000+
4466:500,000+
4266:Medesano
4221:Compiano
4171:Albareto
3901:1 August
3875:1 August
3844:1 August
3588:1 August
3552:16 March
3466:See also
3458:Stockton
3434:, France
3382:, France
3343:routes.
3328:system.
3261:'s book
3214:bankrupt
3206:football
3102:, writer
2837:frazioni
2830:Frazioni
2763:Parmalat
2678:(namely
2662:(namely
2642:(namely
2625:Source:
2138:Habsburg
2056:Augustus
1715:(30.47)
1646:Average
1309:partisan
1295:View of
1252:Piacenza
1117:Piacenza
1068:Piacenza
1064:Paul III
843:Po River
819:Piacenza
787:Frankish
712:Augustus
688:Parmnial
666:, for a
562:Emilian:
537:Italian:
350:Frazioni
335:Province
4720:Vicenza
4700:Taranto
4690:Sassari
4685:Salerno
4665:Ravenna
4650:Pescara
4645:Perugia
4620:Livorno
4595:Ferrara
4585:Brescia
4580:Bolzano
4575:Bergamo
4534:Trieste
4524:Messina
4514:Catania
4509:Bologna
4483:Palermo
4366:Torrile
4361:Tornolo
4351:Terenzo
4341:Soragna
4236:Fidenza
4216:Colorno
4201:Busseto
4186:Berceto
4181:Bedonia
4158:of the
4152:·
3775:30 June
3408:, China
3365:twinned
3337:tramway
3303:Barilla
3202:Serie A
3114:, actor
2862:Tuscany
2759:Barilla
2694:Culture
2684:Tunisia
2680:Morocco
2668:Nigeria
2656:Ukraine
2652:Albania
2648:Romania
2644:Moldova
2636:Italian
2617:195,436
2606:175,895
2595:163,457
2584:170,520
2573:179,019
2562:175,228
2551:147,368
2540:122,978
2529:109,365
2518:106,400
2425:births.
2358:Morocco
2341:Ukraine
2324:Nigeria
2307:Tunisia
2273:Albania
2256:Romania
2239:Moldova
2211:8.01 b
2189:22.04%
2178:17.45%
2019:(1055).
1836:(1411).
1710:(2.38)
1705:(3.87)
1700:(4.10)
1695:(2.77)
1690:(2.01)
1685:(1.11)
1680:(2.40)
1675:(2.90)
1670:(3.15)
1665:(2.08)
1660:(1.98)
1655:(1.72)
1641:(48.9)
1636:(33.3)
1631:(41.7)
1626:(50.9)
1621:(58.8)
1616:(66.2)
1611:(66.4)
1606:(62.6)
1601:(55.4)
1596:(47.3)
1591:(39.7)
1586:(32.9)
1581:(31.3)
1571:(58.3)
1566:(41.2)
1561:(51.8)
1556:(57.9)
1551:(68.5)
1546:(77.2)
1541:(77.7)
1536:(73.4)
1531:(65.7)
1526:(57.0)
1521:(49.6)
1516:(41.2)
1511:(37.8)
1501:(66.6)
1496:(45.0)
1491:(53.4)
1486:(65.5)
1481:(77.7)
1476:(88.0)
1471:(88.9)
1466:(84.2)
1461:(75.9)
1456:(66.7)
1451:(59.7)
1446:(49.6)
1441:(44.2)
1341:Climate
1303:During
1272:Fascism
1264:Suzzara
1260:Fornovo
1256:Bologna
1137:Colorno
1102:Colorno
1060:Farnese
1005:scholar
980:"Parma"
969:removed
954:sources
911:Busseto
882:signore
856:podestà
839:Cremona
827:consuls
815:commune
753:Lombard
730:Odoacer
680:Parmeal
626:History
612:Italian
585:(ham),
581:, art,
554:Emilian
517:Website
410:198,292
312:Country
58:Emilian
4710:Trento
4680:Rimini
4635:Novara
4625:Modena
4615:Latina
4600:Foggia
4570:Arezzo
4565:Andria
4560:Ancona
4544:Verona
4539:Venice
4473:Naples
4286:Noceto
4231:Felino
4155:Comuni
3725:
3652:
3419:Szeged
3367:with:
3138:, poet
3006:, poet
2968:Others
2755:UNESCO
2724:) and
2718:cheese
2654:, and
2640:Europe
2620:+11.1%
2565:+18.9%
2554:+19.8%
2543:+12.4%
2521:+10.4%
2510:+14.5%
2507:96,347
2496:84,140
2488:+12.6%
2485:77,004
2474:68,382
2463:68,889
2452:68,284
2379:1,104
2362:1,264
2345:1,292
2328:1,450
2311:1,561
2294:2,570
2277:2,661
2260:3,513
2243:4,967
2208:8.62 b
2200:8.29%
2197:15.91%
2186:22.64%
2175:16.46%
2167:Italy
1964:, the
1960:, the
1864:Gothic
1392:Month
1362:Köppen
1223:, the
1200:France
1145:Naples
1062:pope,
1049:French
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
978:
895:Sforza
823:comune
799:Papacy
785:Under
738:Totila
726:Attila
704:Modena
684:Parmni
587:cheese
323:Region
71:Comune
54:
4751:Parma
4715:Udine
4705:Terni
4660:Prato
4640:Parma
4630:Monza
4605:Forlì
4529:Padua
4488:Genoa
4478:Turin
4457:Milan
4386:Varsi
4296:Parma
4176:Bardi
4093:Media
4054:Parma
3753:6 May
3692:Parma
3661:5 May
3577:ISTAT
3445:Worms
3432:Tours
3285:is a
3233:Pro14
3229:Zebre
3227:club
3185:Sport
2664:Ghana
2627:ISTAT
2609:+7.6%
2598:−4.1%
2587:−4.7%
2576:+2.2%
2532:+2.8%
2499:+9.3%
2477:−0.7%
2466:+0.9%
2422:Italy
2409:China
2375:Ghana
2164:Parma
2155:ISTAT
1736:Late
1713:773.9
1698:104.1
1431:Year
1374:Genoa
1326:Verdi
1012:JSTOR
998:books
891:Milan
720:Julia
700:Roman
676:Latin
672:palma
668:parma
614:poet
604:Parma
579:music
558:Pärma
533:Parma
460:UTC+2
439:UTC+1
340:Parma
316:Italy
258:Parma
225:Parma
51:Pärma
46:Parma
4504:Bari
4452:Rome
4191:Bore
3965:2019
3903:2016
3877:2016
3846:2016
3817:2009
3777:2024
3755:2009
3723:ISBN
3663:2019
3650:ISBN
3590:2016
3554:2019
3331:The
3277:and
3243:and
2761:and
2738:and
2682:and
2670:and
2614:2021
2603:2011
2592:2001
2581:1991
2570:1981
2559:1971
2548:1961
2537:1951
2526:1936
2515:1931
2504:1921
2493:1911
2482:1901
2471:1881
2460:1871
2449:1861
2438:Pop.
2434:Year
2413:819
2396:938
2040:The
1894:and
1870:and
1708:60.5
1703:98.3
1693:70.3
1688:51.1
1683:28.1
1678:61.0
1673:73.6
1668:80.1
1663:52.9
1658:50.2
1653:43.7
1624:10.5
1619:14.9
1614:19.0
1609:19.1
1604:17.0
1599:13.0
1579:−0.4
1569:14.6
1559:11.0
1554:14.4
1549:20.3
1544:25.1
1539:25.4
1534:23.0
1529:18.7
1524:13.9
1499:19.2
1489:11.9
1484:18.6
1479:25.4
1474:31.1
1469:31.6
1464:29.0
1459:24.4
1454:19.3
1449:15.4
1428:Dec
1425:Nov
1422:Oct
1419:Sep
1416:Aug
1413:Jul
1410:Jun
1407:May
1404:Apr
1401:Mar
1398:Feb
1395:Jan
1262:and
1254:and
1212:for
1139:and
1115:and
1091:and
984:news
952:any
950:cite
907:Taro
698:The
686:and
610:The
486:0521
464:CEST
381:Area
360:list
358:See
342:(PR)
177:Flag
2753:as
2136:of
1639:9.4
1634:0.7
1629:5.4
1594:8.5
1589:4.3
1584:0.5
1564:5.1
1519:9.8
1514:5.1
1509:3.2
1494:7.2
1444:9.8
1439:6.8
1366:Cfa
963:by
670:or
453:DST
443:CET
4737::
4041:.
3955:.
3937:.
3919:.
3893:.
3867:.
3854:^
3836:.
3825:^
3807:.
3665:.
3573:.
3562:^
3293:.
3267:.
3247:.
2742:.
2666:,
2650:,
2646:,
2443:±%
2066::
1890:,
1778::
1364::
1332:.
1247:.
1147:.
1127:,
1108:.
1087:,
845:.
682:,
622:.
607:.
577:,
560:,
556::
552:;
501:,
497:,
4429:e
4422:t
4415:v
4142:e
4135:t
4128:v
4062::
3967:.
3941:.
3923:.
3905:.
3879:.
3848:.
3819:.
3779:.
3757:.
3731:.
3606:.
3592:.
3556:.
2909:(
2119:.
2094:.
2074:.
2058:.
1874:.
1854:.
1828:.
1790:.
1360:(
1034:)
1028:(
1023:)
1019:(
1009:·
1002:·
995:·
988:·
971:.
957:.
634:.
535:(
466:)
462:(
455:)
445:)
441:(
60:)
56:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
