369:
582:). The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia records the plant under the name Carissa Ovata and says "This little bush produces a very pleasant fruit, which is both agreeable and wholesome. It is like a sloe, egg-shaped, and about half-an-inch long. It exudes a viscid milky juice and contains a few woody seeds. "I can testify that the fruit is both agreeable and wholesome, and I never knew an instance of any evil consequences, even when they were partaken of most abundantly." (Tenison-Woods, Vol. vii., 571., Proc. Lirin. Soc. N.S.W.)".
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57:
101:
694:
344:
76:
361:
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It grows as a multi-stemmed shrub, 0.5 to 3 metres in height. The leaves are glossy green, opposite, narrow ovate to lanceolate and 1–5 cm in length. The branches bear thorns of 1–3 cm length. White, star-shaped flowers ~1 cm across are followed by ovate green berries, 1–2 cm in
1306:
501:
is frequently a weed in grazing land in northern
Australia, choking out grasses, reducing the ability of livestock to feed, interfering with stock handling and providing a refuge for vermin. The plant is capable of reproducing rapidly by
1218:
436:
Conkerberries are edible, but only when fully ripe; they have a sweet flavour, but the milky sap of this plant – and its unripe fruit – is poisonous, as typical for the
Apocynaceae. They are a popular
395:
regions the plant tends to be confined to areas of higher moisture such as at the base of hills or floodout areas. But it has a high ecological tolerance and can live in a wide range of
284:), widely distributed in tropical regions of Africa, Southern Asia, Australia, and various islands of the Indian Ocean. It is most well known in Australia, where it is also called
1516:
429:), in coastal rainforest, gallery forest and vine thickets in regions receiving in excess of 900 mm annual rainfall, as well as softwood scrubs and open
1596:
544:
Well known for its fruit to locals and quite variable across its wide range and diverse habitat types, the conkerberry has been described time and again by
1292:
1611:
1451:
1464:
1616:
1636:
549:
510:. On the other hand, it has been used in attempts to restore small-bird habitat in disturbed dry rainforest in Queensland, Australia.
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685:
56:
100:
616:
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867:
1438:
1148:"Wild edible fruits of Himachal Pradesh state centre on climate change & UNEP-GEF-MoEFCC project report"
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The following list gives the names under which the conkerberry has been placed in
17:
1378:
483:
and many other birds in its range. Its leaves provide food for butterflies (e.g.
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1361:
658:
529:
438:
281:
184:
174:
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507:
406:
1412:
670:
514:
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1203:
1314:
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Shri, K.S.; Sharma, Y.P.; Pankaj, S.; Pratima, V.; Randhawa, S.S. (2018).
1346:
652:
545:
503:
492:
430:
422:
380:
164:
151:
1106:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"
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575:
562:
557:
472:
396:
313:
194:
1482:
632:. Apart from that, it has also been assigned, under various names, to
552:
alone described it no less than four times under different names, and
506:
and is difficult to control mechanically and expensive to manage with
1323:
1417:
1164:
Jamkhande, P.G.; Barde, S.R.; Patwekar, S.L.; Tidke, P.S. (2013).
692:
684:
646:
522:
399:. In Australia for example, it is often found in association with
367:
359:
342:
317:
305:
273:
112:
1495:
392:
388:
384:
297:
1327:
1220:
The useful native plants of
Australia : Including Tasmania
1131:
Plant use of the Maasai of
Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya.
480:
433:
savannas receiving less than 700 mm annual rainfall.
32:"Currant bush" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1336:
1166:"Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of
352:length, which turn black or dark purple when ripe.
1305:Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014).
312:), which belong to entirely different lineages of
1319:. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
599:, and thus all subsequent names are treated as
383:coastal regions on fine-textured soils such as
1174:Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
608:
475:. The fruits are also a popular food for the
296:. It is, however, neither closely related to
8:
445:in Central Australia. The fruit is known as
336:is often discussed under its many obsolete
1324:
74:
55:
44:
1193:
528:Fruit extracts from the plant have shown
347:Foliage of the small-leaved "ovata" type
1060:
556:not only described it twice as a "new
7:
1597:IUCN Red List least concern species
1079:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
517:for joint and muscle pain by the
1129:Bussmann, R. W., et al. (2006).
99:
1612:Australian Aboriginal bushcraft
1561:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77756-1
1223:. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
1316:African plants – a Photo Guide
1:
1235:"Plants of Myanmar Checklist"
1186:10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60194-X
865:is probably a valid species,
603:. In Myanmar, it is known as
250:
1617:Fruits originating in Africa
513:Parts of the plant are used
1637:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
640:(both now synonymized with
324:, referring to the related
322:wild karanda/wild karavanda
1653:
1293:Alice Springs Town Council
1170:(Indian cherry): A review"
31:
609:
566:, but believed two other
548:under a number of names.
247:
240:
223:
216:
96:Scientific classification
94:
72:
63:
54:
47:
1632:Plants described in 1771
1282:. Retrieved 2009-NOV-26.
924:Carissa madagascariensis
868:Carissa septentrionalis
777:Carissa cochinchinensis
491:) and moths (e.g. some
379:is most often found in
1627:Flora of tropical Asia
1086:: e.T68112038A68112072
844:Schumach. & Thonn.
698:
690:
373:
365:
348:
288:or, more ambiguously,
1217:J. H. Maiden (1889).
696:
689:"Edulis"-type habitus
688:
589:was already named by
443:Australian Aborigines
371:
363:
346:
1134:J Ethnobiol Ethnomed
1068:Plummer, J. (2020).
1004:Carissa sechellensis
697:"Ovata"-type habitus
320:, it is also called
1047:Tsiang & P.T.Li
1044:Carissa yunnanensis
988:Carissa richardiana
956:Carissa paucinervia
916:Carissa macrophylla
745:Carissa candolleana
66:Conservation status
1622:Flora of Australia
1298:Bush plum dreaming
1036:Carissa xylopicron
1012:Carissa suavissima
900:Carissa lanceolata
825:Carissa densiflora
809:Carissa cornifolia
785:Carissa comorensis
737:Carissa campenonii
705:Carissa abyssinica
699:
691:
596:Mantissa Plantarum
477:Australian bustard
402:Eucalyptus brownii
374:
366:
349:
38:Miconia calvescens
18:Carissa lanceolata
1584:
1583:
1530:Open Tree of Life
1330:Taxon identifiers
1180:(12): 1009–1012.
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1020:Carissa tomentosa
1016:
1008:
1000:
992:
991:Jaub. & Spach
984:
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972:Carissa pubescens
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908:Carissa laxiflora
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829:
821:
817:Carissa dalzellii
813:
812:Jaub. & Spach
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797:
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781:
773:
761:
749:
748:Jaub. & Spach
741:
733:
725:
721:Carissa axillaris
717:
709:
570:of it to be mere
453:Arrernte language
257:
256:
89:
16:(Redirected from
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1368:Carissa spinarum
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1278:Carissa spinarum
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980:Carissa revoluta
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801:Carissa coriacea
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793:Carissa congesta
788:(Pichon) Markgr.
787:
779:
771:
765:Carissa carandas
759:
753:Carissa carandas
747:
739:
731:
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713:Carissa africana
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614:
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499:Carissa spinarum
448:merne arrankweye
377:Carissa spinarum
334:Carissa spinarum
261:Carissa spinarum
229:
227:Carissa spinarum
209:C. spinarum
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49:Carissa spinarum
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27:Species of shrub
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1028:Carissa villosa
932:Carissa obovata
892:Carissa inermis
884:Carissa horrida
876:Carissa hirsuta
863:septentrionalis
833:Carissa diffusa
740:(Drake) Palacky
729:Carissa brownii
610:
601:junior synonyms
542:
485:Australian crow
419:Acacia cambagei
358:
276:of the dogbane
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644:), as well as
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427:A. harpophylla
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290:native currant
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1272:Tropicos.org
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1242:. Retrieved
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1110:apps.kew.org
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593:in his 1771
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568:growth-forms
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554:R.H. Beddome
550:Robert Brown
543:
536:properties.
534:antidiabetic
527:
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489:Euploea core
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372:Unripe fruit
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34:Bush currant
29:
1478:iNaturalist
1362:Wikispecies
769:paucinervia
659:Chapelieria
587:C. spinarum
580:C. carandas
530:antioxidant
515:medicinally
439:bush tucker
411:E. populnea
330:C. carandas
282:Apocynaceae
266:conkerberry
185:Apocynaceae
175:Gentianales
139:Angiosperms
1591:Categories
1543:Plant List
1266:References
1090:31 October
508:herbicides
407:poplar box
391:; in more
364:Ripe fruit
1548:kew-34226
1444:200018364
1431:200018364
1055:Footnotes
859:C. edulis
671:Strychnos
622:hkang sap
572:varieties
546:botanists
532:and also
493:hawkmoths
463:Anmatyerr
441:food for
387:and clay-
270:bush plum
203:Species:
109:Kingdom:
1607:Bushfood
1509:68112038
1353:Q2938847
1347:Wikidata
1244:7 August
1204:24093795
1115:7 August
757:congesta
732:F.Muell.
676:Carandas
653:Cabucala
540:Synonyms
504:layering
468:nganango
458:anwekety
431:eucalypt
423:brigalow
397:habitats
381:semiarid
338:synonyms
314:eudicots
306:currants
292:or even
242:Synonyms
181:Family:
165:Asterids
152:Eudicots
86:IUCN 3.1
1602:Carissa
1496:77756-1
1457:5536282
1195:3805104
1039:Thouars
1023:A.Rich.
943:Markgr.
935:Markgr.
642:Carissa
638:Arduina
630:Carissa
605:Burmese
576:Karonda
563:Carissa
558:species
473:Pintupi
451:in the
356:Ecology
326:karanda
196:Carissa
191:Genus:
171:Order:
113:Plantae
84: (
1535:945772
1522:429256
1483:369502
1392:164983
1376:APDB:
1202:
1192:
967:Schinz
911:Benth.
887:Pichon
678:, and
634:Antura
415:gidgee
302:Prunus
278:family
264:, the
1418:CISSR
1379:71691
1151:(PDF)
1136:2 22.
1031:Roxb.
1007:Baker
999:R.Br.
975:A.DC.
959:A.DC.
951:R.Br.
919:Wall.
903:R.Br.
861:var.
836:Roxb.
828:Baker
820:Bedd.
804:Wall.
796:Wight
767:var.
755:var.
724:Roxb.
716:A.DC.
708:R.Br.
647:Azima
617:MLCTS
611:ခံစပ်
560:" of
523:Kenya
421:) or
389:loams
385:clays
318:India
316:. In
310:Ribes
298:plums
274:shrub
159:Clade
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
1556:POWO
1517:NCBI
1504:IUCN
1491:IPNI
1470:9166
1465:GRIN
1452:GBIF
1413:EPPO
1405:RDZY
1387:APNI
1246:2017
1200:PMID
1117:2017
1092:2022
1084:2020
895:Vahl
879:Roth
636:and
465:and
393:arid
251:text
1569:WFO
1439:FoC
1426:FNA
1400:CoL
1190:PMC
1182:doi
574:of
521:of
481:emu
471:in
461:in
413:),
332:).
268:or
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674:,
668:,
662:,
656:,
650:,
625:.
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615:;
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487:,
479:,
455:,
405:,
234:L.
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