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464:." His photo was created with one of his mammoth plates, which allowed him to photograph the entire tree, which had not been done before. Watkins, in addition to creating an image not seen before, was already very well known, and the image rapidly gained fame. Despite the fact that Watkins was attempting to preserve the trees, the way his photograph captured American audiences led to an increase in tourism in the area, which led to larger
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272:. The photographs were shown in New York at Goupil Gallery in 1862, and an article in the New York Times stated, "as specimens of the photographic art they are unequalled and reflect great credit upon the producer, Mr. Watkins. The views…are indescribably unique and beautiful. Nothing in the way of landscapes can be more impressive." In 1864, Watkins was hired to make photographs of Yosemite for the
408:, for example, did already exist, but Watkins' photographs brought it to people in a way that they could experience it. It became iconic through his photographs, became something people wanted to see in person. His images had a more concrete impact on Yosemite becoming a national park than just encouraging people to visit. It is said that Senator
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The 1864 bill signed by
Lincoln is often seen as the beginning of environmentalism in American politics. In accordance with his influence in preserving Yosemite and the beginning of the National Parks system, Watkins is seen as an important part of that. His photographs captured nature in a way that
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In July 1861, Watkins made the decision that changed his career: he traveled to
Yosemite. He brought his mammoth-plate camera (which used 18×22 inch glass plates) and his stereoscopic camera. The stereoscopic camera was used to give the subject depth, and the mammoth-plate camera was used to capture
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Before his work with Vance, Watkins knew nothing about photography. Vance showed him the basic elements of photography, planning to return and retake the portraits himself. However, when he came back, he found that
Watkins had excelled at the art while he was away and his customers were satisfied.
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During the first two years in San
Francisco, Watkins did not work in photography. He originally worked for his friend Huntington, delivering supplies to mining operations. He did this before working as a store clerk at a George Murray's Bookstore, near the studio of
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moved to San
Francisco with hopes of finding gold. Although they did not succeed in this specific venture, both became successful. Watkins became known for his photography skills, and Huntington became one of the "Big Four" owners of the
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In 1867, Watkins opened his first public gallery, in addition to sending his photographs to the
Universal Exposition in Paris, where he won a medal. This became his lavish Yosemite Art Gallery. He displayed over a hundred large
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caught the eye of
Americans. He created sublime images of wilderness, pristine landscapes untouched by humans. These images established icons that furthered environmentalist ideals, helping to back claims about preservation.
351:. Watkins was unable to complete this job because of his failing sight and health. In 1895–96, his lack of work led to an inability to pay rent. The Watkins family lived in an abandoned railroad car for eighteen months.
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Watkins often photographed
Yosemite and had a profound influence over the politicians debating its preservation as a national park. His photographs did more than just capture the national park; he created an icon.
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156:, he was a hunter and fisherman and was involved in the glee club and Presbyterian Church Choir. His true middle name is the subject of debate: some sources give it as Eugene while others give it as Emmons.
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views in addition over a thousand images available through stereoscopes. Despite his success as an artist, he was not successful as a businessman and ended up losing his gallery to his creditor J.J. Cook.
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for the Insane in 1910, at which point
Frances Watkins began referring to herself as a widow. Watkins died on June 23, 1916, and was buried in an unmarked grave on the hospital grounds.
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Three years after
Watkins retired to Capay Ranch, he was declared incompetent and put into the care of his daughter Julia. She cared for him for a year before committing him to the
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more detail. The photographer returned with thirty mammoth plates and one hundred stereoview negatives. These were some of the first photographs of Yosemite seen in the
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Carleton E. Watkins was born on November 11, 1829, the eldest of eight children. His parents were John and Julia Watkins, a carpenter and an innkeeper. Born in
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119:(1829–1916) was an American photographer of the 19th century. Born in New York, he moved to California and quickly became interested in
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By 1858, Watkins was ready to begin his own photography business. He did many commissions, including "Illustrated California Magazine" for
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and fire, with countless pictures, negatives and the majority of his stereo views. After this horrific loss, he retired to Capay Ranch.
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in its entirety. One of Yosemite's many mountains is named Mount Watkins in honor of Watkins' part in preserving Yosemite Valley.
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Watkins was a "master of the reflected image" and photographed reflections, in bodies of water, of the Yosemite mountains.
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took over Yosemite Art Gallery, they began reproducing his work without giving him credit. The 19th century had no
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in 1864, a bill that declared Yosemite Valley inviolable. The bill paved the way for the 1872 creation of
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passed Watkins' photographs around Congress. His photography was also said to have influenced President
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Not only did Watkins lose his studio to Cook, but he also lost its contents. When Cook and photographer
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Hutchinson, Elizabeth (2004). "They Might Be Giants: Carleton Watkins, Galen Clark, and the Big Tree".
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Watkins kept the majority of his work in a studio on Market Street. This studio was destroyed in the
251:. The Oneonta Falls and Gorge were first photographed by Watkins, who named them after his hometown.
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and the documentation of John and Jessie Fremont's mining estate in Mariposa. He made Daguerreotype
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Carleton Watkins Interior Views of Anaconda Mines (Butte, MT) Digital Collection of Photographs
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Critical Studies In Media Communication 17, no. 3: 241. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost
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Section of the Grizzly Giant, looking up, Mariposa Grove, Mariposa County, Cal, by Watkins
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was a favorite subject of his. His photographs of the valley significantly influenced the
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Era of Exploration: The Rise of Landscape Photography in the American West, 1860-1885
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745:"Inverted in the Tide Stand the Grey Rocks; (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection)"
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laws covering photographs, and there was nothing Watkins could do to combat this
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Cathedral Rocks, 2600 feet, Yosemite Valley, Mariposa County, Cal, by Watkins
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Watkins began to lose his sight in the 1890s. His last commission was from
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709:"Imaging Nature: Watkins, Yosemite, and the Birth of Environmentalism"
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918:(several other Watkins photo collections also available through the
505:"National Gallery of Art - Carleton Watkins: The Art of Perception"
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Kurutz, Gary F. (2006). "Yosemite on Glass". In Scott, Amy (ed.).
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862:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2004)
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Bridal Veil Falls. One of Watkins' iconic Yosemite photographs
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Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University
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October No. 109: 46-63. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost
856:"Carleton Watkins (1829–1916) and the West: 1860s–1870s."
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and was one of the major factors in Lincoln signing the
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Mammoth Plate Photographs of Yosemite Valley, 1861-1881
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Carleton E. Watkins: Photographer of the American West
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Carleton E. Watkins, Photographer of the American West
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Mammoth Plate Photographs of the North American West
612:. Greater Oneonta Historical Society. Archived from
468:, which led to a diminishing of the giant sequoias.
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707:DeLuca, Kevin Michael; Demo, Anne Teresa (2000).
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569:"Welcome to the Photographs of Carleton Watkins"
939:University of Idaho Library Digital Collections
806:. University of California Press. p. 592.
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912:Stereo Views of the West, ca. 1865-ca. 1880
850:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
326:Watkins met Frances Sneed photographing in
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803:Carleton Watkins: Making the West American
164:In 1851, Watkins and his Childhood friend
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844:Naef, W; Wood, J & Heyman, T (1975).
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687:"Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology"
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206:Smelting Works, New Almaden, by Watkins
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110:Minerva Terraces, Mammoth Hot Springs
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636:"Carleton E. Watkins (Getty Museum)"
964:19th-century American photographers
749:The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection
892:Early Watkins Yosemite Photographs
870:. University of New Mexico Press.
374:Napa State Hospital for the Insane
274:California State Geological Survey
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860:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
825:Art of an American Icon: Yosemite
536:. Amon Carter Museum. p. 3.
243:is a scenic gorge located in the
18:American photographer (1829–1916)
456:Watkins photographed one of the
135:' decision to preserve it as a
100:Princeton University Art Museum
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994:People from Oneonta, New York
969:Photographers from California
361:1906 San Francisco earthquake
984:Rail transport photographers
920:Online Archive of California
866:Palmquist, Peter E. (1983).
530:Palmquist, Peter E. (1983).
854:Department of Photographs.
349:Hacienda del Pozo de Verona
112:, National Park, by Watkins
96:View from Inspiration Point
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460:trees in California, the "
829:. Autry National Center.
422:Yellowstone National Park
297:Plantain Tree, by Watkins
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171:Central Pacific Railroad
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896:Watkins photographs in
235:Oneonta Falls and Gorge
123:. He focused mainly on
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302:Taber and "New Series"
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133:United States Congress
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800:Green, Tyler (2018).
596:"Carleton E. Watkins"
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328:Virginia City, Nevada
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217:James Mason Hutchings
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125:landscape photography
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979:Nature photographers
928:by Watkins from the
916:The Bancroft Library
426:National Park System
245:Columbia River Gorge
229:San Jose, California
182:Prior to photography
642:on December 4, 2010
616:on January 24, 2020
380:Napa State Hospital
117:Carleton E. Watkins
693:on March 20, 2005.
662:"Carleton Watkins"
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902:The Yosemite Book
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466:commercialization
166:Collis Huntington
154:Oneonta, New York
94:Yosemite Valley,
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47:Oneonta, New York
43:November 11, 1829
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666:www.nga.gov
225:New Almaden
221:stereoviews
121:photography
948:Categories
754:August 25,
671:August 26,
472:References
316:plagiarism
211:Early work
143:Early life
937:from the
777:: 47–63.
406:Half Dome
312:copyright
620:June 20,
515:March 2,
399:Yosemite
255:Yosemite
247:area of
783:3397659
646:June 6,
334:Decline
280:Studios
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177:Career
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49:, U.S.
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148:Birth
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756:2023
731:2014
673:2022
648:2007
622:2009
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
