347:
720:
587:
452:. Rome's hopes of further conquest, however, were cut short by his death; Carus died in Sasanian territory, probably of unnatural causes, as he was reportedly struck by lightning. Alternate theories suggest that he died of illness, or that a rival for power poisoned him. Another theory hints at the future emperor Diocletian being involved in the killing. However, Leadbetter considered it unlikely for Carus to be assassinated, as his army had just won a victory.
45:
894:
472:. The report of the lightning strike was evidently widely accepted in the camp, and the superstitious awe of the troops inclined them to ascribe Carus' death to the wrath of the Gods. Rumors had been spread of dark oracles, affixing the limits of the Empire on the Tigris, and threatening destruction against the Roman who should presume beyond the river in arms.
329:
is aware of both traditions, although it prefers the former. He does not seem to have returned to Rome after his accession, contenting himself with an announcement to the Senate. This was a marked departure from the constitutionalism of his immediate predecessors,
487:. He declined to accept their ratification of his election, informing them of the fact by a haughty and distant dispatch. He was the last emperor to have united a civil with a military education, in that age when the two were increasingly detached;
301:. Little can be said with certainty of his life and rule. Due to the decline of literature, the arts, and the want of any good historians of that age, what is known is almost invariably involved in contradiction and doubt. He was apparently a
494:
Though Carus was known throughout his life for his austere and virtuous manners, the suspicion of his complicity in Probus' death, along with his haughty conduct towards the senate, tarnished his reputation before his death, and
444:, could not effectively defend his territory. The Sasanians, faced with severe internal problems, could not mount an effective coordinated defense at the time; Carus and his army may have captured the Sasanian capital of
316:
Two traditions surround his accession to the throne in August or
September of 282. According to some mostly Latin sources, he was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers after the murder of Probus by a mutiny at
491:(Imp. 284–305), who succeeded Carus after the brief reign of the latter's sons, was to confirm and formalize the separation of professions, and the autocratic foundation of the imperial rule.
6385:
476:
was abandoned to her rightful possessors, and not till
Diocletian, a decade later, was the Persian contest decided in Rome's favor, by that emperor's decisive victory.
909:
6499:
479:
In the sphere of civil affairs, Carus is remembered principally for the final suppression of the authority of the senate, which had been partially restored under
914:
6400:
6395:
6484:
1542:
6375:
6370:
2067:
334:
and Probus, who at least outwardly respected the authority of the senate, and was the precursor to the even more despotic military autocracy of
6489:
6380:
325:
in a usurpation and had him killed. Allegedly, he initially refused the offer at first out of loyalty, but soon accepted. The often unreliable
6360:
2861:
2729:
1416:
1007:
963:
791:
6479:
6365:
2074:
6469:
6355:
4135:
3923:
2697:
266:
6474:
6344:
5105:
4821:
3689:
2949:
2923:
875:
448:. The victories of Carus avenged all the previous defeats suffered by the Romans against the Sassanids, and he received the title of
249:
and is believed to have died of unnatural causes. It was reported that he had been struck by lightning. He was succeeded by his sons
853:
277:
Carus, whose name before the accession may have been Marcus
Numerius Carus, was born, according to differing accounts, either in
5597:
2663:
2646:
2473:
2461:
6390:
5647:
5374:
5230:
2634:
2426:
2388:
2348:
2315:
2894:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
5943:
5733:
5665:
5530:
5397:
5307:
5120:
3238:
2849:
2675:
2502:
2468:
2432:
2321:
809:
5515:
5452:
4735:
2490:
1535:
800:
5876:
4985:
4897:
4382:
4159:
4150:
2571:
2250:
1716:
761:
346:
270:
390:, which had been contemplated by Probus. During his first campaign as emperor, he inflicted a severe defeat on the
6509:
6410:
5705:
5038:
4775:
4602:
4534:
3116:
2881:
2837:
2815:
2766:
2653:
2444:
2213:
1555:
282:
6226:
3997:
2788:
2756:
2581:
1761:
4071:
3842:
3704:
2798:
2751:
2298:
1945:
5911:
5826:
5803:
4120:
3982:
3919:
3708:
3508:
3324:
2606:
2586:
2360:
2240:
1528:
839:
286:
6504:
6415:
6405:
5953:
5932:
5851:
4765:
4625:
4235:
3869:
3829:
3623:
3565:
3449:
3253:
2916:
2876:
2855:
2761:
1551:
1443:
835:
419:
310:
20:
6425:
5901:
5866:
5846:
5836:
5798:
4302:
3656:
2810:
2805:
2781:
2776:
2692:
2529:
2517:
2288:
1913:
787:
4398:
5926:
5881:
5254:
4882:
4817:
4670:
4665:
4372:
4367:
4220:
3646:
3434:
3313:
2793:
2741:
2601:
2576:
2541:
2456:
2370:
2220:
2051:
1520:
406:
Reportedly, 16,000 Quadi were killed, with 20,000 being taken prisoner. Carus then proceeded through
359:
257:, creating a dynasty which, though short-lived, provided further stability to the resurgent empire.
6464:
6459:
5916:
5891:
5856:
5793:
5168:
5143:
4347:
4342:
3766:
3197:
2724:
2709:
2687:
2622:
2611:
2566:
2512:
2002:
1940:
1903:
6206:
6193:
5770:
4780:
4352:
4327:
3394:
3169:
2771:
2714:
2658:
2640:
2629:
2591:
2561:
2439:
2157:
2061:
1811:
1780:
1773:
1193:
863:
306:
294:
130:
719:
586:
382:, leaving him in charge of the western portion of the empire to look after some disturbances in
6261:
6240:
6134:
6101:
5813:
5148:
4770:
4650:
4272:
4200:
3858:
3661:
3651:
3583:
2909:
2736:
2682:
2523:
2421:
2396:
2245:
2107:
1843:
1828:
1706:
1674:
1412:
1106:
1013:
1003:
959:
871:
849:
552:
480:
331:
159:
1121:, who assumed the other sources were wrong. (Tom B. Jones, "A Note on Marcus Aurelius Carus"
6494:
6440:
6267:
6095:
5861:
5615:
5198:
4495:
4391:
4332:
3756:
3736:
2866:
2843:
2746:
2719:
2704:
2670:
2596:
2556:
2546:
2271:
2198:
2168:
2031:
1986:
1981:
1853:
1480:
1436:
1114:
949:
796:
620:
574:
496:
484:
379:
326:
85:
6212:
6182:
6141:
6077:
5821:
5751:
5621:
4960:
4615:
4337:
3731:
3369:
3337:
3176:
2507:
2497:
2406:
2193:
2101:
2089:
2083:
1935:
1756:
1726:
1669:
1649:
1118:
805:
778:
745:
434:
246:
231:
152:
1271:
468:, naturally of an unwarlike disposition, was forced by the army to retreat back over the
464:, 160 years before, Carus' gains were immediately relinquished by his successor. His son
6420:
6308:
6106:
6067:
5785:
5741:
5610:
4694:
4620:
4450:
4322:
4282:
4030:
3882:
3847:
3837:
3771:
3726:
3608:
3603:
3183:
3162:
3128:
2401:
2365:
2310:
2203:
2126:
2024:
2018:
1950:
1930:
1684:
1644:
1056:
831:
440:, limited by internal opposition and his troops occupied with a campaign in modern-day
387:
367:
351:
6453:
5987:
5886:
5718:
5688:
5364:
5219:
5076:
4945:
4785:
4760:
4710:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4297:
4104:
4035:
4025:
3887:
3641:
3389:
3332:
3285:
3122:
3081:
2871:
2831:
2375:
2183:
1991:
1080:
905:
900:
227:
60:
1364:
6072:
5906:
5896:
5871:
5723:
5673:
5632:
5358:
5270:
5158:
5071:
5051:
4970:
4935:
4930:
4755:
4465:
4287:
4277:
4240:
4195:
4109:
4099:
4089:
4005:
3721:
3598:
3407:
3348:
3208:
3155:
3060:
2616:
2411:
2343:
2338:
2328:
2151:
2013:
1654:
1490:
302:
148:
44:
953:
843:
6176:
6121:
5972:
5921:
5841:
5713:
5605:
5587:
5545:
5456:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5291:
5275:
5248:
5213:
5203:
5138:
5091:
5081:
5066:
5056:
5003:
4965:
4940:
4920:
4910:
4676:
4660:
4635:
4630:
4430:
4357:
4267:
4250:
4205:
4180:
4114:
4094:
4079:
4061:
3791:
3786:
3593:
3420:
3400:
3214:
3148:
3139:
3023:
2480:
2355:
2305:
2230:
1804:
1751:
1694:
441:
415:
199:
6293:
6247:
6200:
6155:
6127:
5948:
5831:
5756:
5683:
5572:
5387:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5297:
5285:
5265:
5238:
5208:
5188:
5133:
5086:
5061:
4993:
4955:
4925:
4915:
4655:
4455:
4445:
4215:
4210:
4175:
4084:
4056:
3877:
3781:
3776:
3761:
3746:
3554:
3548:
3462:
3190:
3008:
2945:
2536:
2451:
2416:
2381:
2293:
2208:
1968:
1961:
1908:
1888:
1833:
1798:
1791:
1736:
1701:
1564:
610:
488:
411:
395:
335:
278:
235:
1409:
Die
Herrschaft des Carus, Numerianus und Carinus als Vorläufer der Tetrarchie
1017:
6233:
6148:
6111:
6037:
6031:
5958:
5938:
5655:
5637:
5582:
5562:
5425:
5260:
5243:
5193:
5046:
5013:
5008:
4950:
4749:
4570:
4523:
4435:
4412:
4185:
4051:
4020:
3588:
3414:
3295:
3032:
2283:
2235:
2145:
2132:
1919:
1848:
1821:
1816:
1785:
1731:
1679:
1614:
1609:
782:
563:
445:
437:
423:
355:
265:
4475:
997:
821:
305:
and filled various posts, both civil and military, before being appointed
6303:
6298:
6287:
6254:
6169:
6162:
6116:
6088:
6082:
6047:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5627:
5567:
5410:
5382:
4975:
4905:
4717:
4703:
4683:
4645:
4557:
4502:
4460:
4292:
4262:
4225:
4170:
4015:
3892:
3797:
3741:
3636:
3543:
3537:
3526:
3492:
3376:
3362:
3355:
3342:
3306:
3046:
2551:
2333:
2225:
2178:
2138:
2120:
2040:
1975:
1955:
1925:
1898:
1893:
1878:
1868:
1838:
1746:
1741:
1689:
1664:
1659:
1624:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1512:
1465:
1247:
736:
465:
375:
290:
254:
172:
99:
1031:
6280:
6219:
6062:
5746:
5557:
5551:
5539:
5420:
5415:
5352:
5331:
5176:
5128:
5028:
5018:
4743:
4640:
4610:
4592:
4581:
4564:
4516:
4509:
4440:
4362:
4010:
3818:
3804:
3716:
3667:
3573:
3516:
3467:
3300:
3290:
3270:
3203:
3053:
2932:
2485:
2188:
2095:
2008:
1863:
1639:
1507:
1499:
1461:
1452:
724:
371:
318:
289:. Modern scholarship inclines to the former view, placing his birth at
250:
167:
95:
6187:
6057:
5694:
5577:
5182:
5153:
5023:
4998:
4790:
4724:
4550:
4543:
4470:
4425:
4419:
4245:
4165:
3751:
3578:
3531:
3485:
3457:
3383:
3261:
3220:
3102:
3067:
3039:
2257:
2114:
1996:
1768:
1634:
1411:. Historia Einzelschriften. Vol. 230. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
473:
469:
461:
427:
407:
399:
322:
239:
134:
50:
378:, then, in the beginning of 283, he elevated Carinus to the rank of
6052:
6042:
6020:
5678:
4587:
4575:
4488:
4405:
4256:
4190:
3852:
3674:
3521:
3479:
3473:
3265:
3224:
3095:
3088:
3074:
1629:
1619:
1599:
899:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
845:
The
Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire Volume 1: A.D. 260–395
391:
345:
264:
126:
6025:
6015:
5405:
5280:
4481:
3811:
3631:
3613:
3498:
3280:
3275:
3109:
1604:
1594:
500:
383:
298:
6333:
5450:
4815:
3917:
2943:
2905:
1524:
4230:
338:. Despite this, he still sought to deify the emperor Probus.
321:. Greek sources however claim that he rose against Probus in
2901:
1321:
Gibbon, p. 294. Enemy casualties are given at over 36,000.
810:
extract: Zonaras: Alexander
Severus to Diocletian: 222–284
230:
from 282 to 283. During his short reign, Carus fought the
386:
and took
Numerian with him on an expedition against the
979:
977:
975:
1329:
1327:
5986:
5971:
5812:
5784:
5769:
5732:
5704:
5664:
5646:
5596:
5529:
5514:
5481:
5472:
5396:
5373:
5306:
5229:
5167:
5119:
5104:
5037:
4984:
4896:
4881:
4846:
4837:
4734:
4693:
4601:
4533:
4381:
4149:
4134:
4070:
4044:
3996:
3981:
3948:
3939:
3868:
3828:
3703:
3688:
3622:
3564:
3507:
3448:
3433:
3323:
3252:
3237:
3138:
3022:
3007:
2974:
2965:
2824:
2270:
2167:
2050:
1877:
1715:
1563:
198:
188:
158:
141:
117:
113:
105:
91:
81:
66:
59:
30:
1281:
1279:
1105:The tradition that he was one of the so-called "
935:
933:
206:Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Carus Augustus
1087:, (The Modern Library, 1932), ch. XII., p. 292
499:conspicuously placed him among the tyrants of
2917:
1536:
8:
1333:Leadbetter, www.roman-emperors.org/carus.htm
918:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
886:The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine
1231:Gibbon, p. 293; and ch. XIII., pp. 328, 329
1194:"Roman Emperor Carus | History Cooperative"
958:. Cambridge University Press. p. 501.
822:Leadbetter, William, "Carus (282–283 A.D.)"
6330:
5983:
5781:
5526:
5478:
5469:
5447:
5116:
4893:
4843:
4834:
4812:
4146:
3993:
3945:
3936:
3914:
3700:
3445:
3249:
3019:
2971:
2962:
2940:
2924:
2910:
2902:
2047:
1543:
1529:
1521:
1425:
43:
27:
194:Marcus Aurelius Numerius Carus (possibly)
1342:
1085:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
354:, symbolizing the supposed victories of
342:Campaign against the Sassanids and death
1057:"Portrait-bust of a man, perhaps Carus"
955:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy
929:
983:
426:, and marched his soldiers beyond the
245:He died while campaigning against the
185:
1241:
1239:
1237:
744:
742:
735:
733:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
673:
671:
669:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
584:
582:
573:
571:
562:
560:
549:
517:
7:
1246:Cavazzi, Franco (16 December 2021).
1146:Gibbon, ibid; and ch. XIII., p. 340
999:Galerius and the Will of Diocletian
801:Life of Carus, Carinus and Numerian
402:, for which he was given the title
1393:Gibbon, ch. XII., p. 293 and note.
1312:Historia Augusta, "Vita Cari", 7:1
1213:Historia Augusta, "Vita Cari", 6:1
1155:Historia Augusta, "Vita Cari", 5:4
1137:Historia Augusta, "Vita Cari", 4:2
14:
6500:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
1002:. London: Routledge. p. 39.
892:
718:
585:
6485:3rd-century praetorian prefects
1117:, was accepted uncritically by
1384:Gibbon, ch. XIII., pp. 328–33.
1192:C, Franco (6 September 2020).
1128:.2 (April 1942), pp. 193–194).
1032:"Portraiture of Emperor Carus"
848:. Cambridge University Press.
269:Possible bust of Carus in the
1:
6490:Deaths from lightning strikes
5944:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
220:
121:
74:
70:
16:Roman emperor from 282 to 283
366:Carus bestowed the title of
297:, though he was educated in
145:July or August 283 (aged 61)
6480:Crisis of the Third Century
5877:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1109:", based on the unreliable
870:. Oxford University Press.
762:Crisis of the Third Century
271:Museo Archeologico Ostiense
6526:
6470:3rd-century Roman emperors
4776:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
4160:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
3924:Second Intermediate Period
2816:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2767:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2654:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
792:Breviarium ab urbe condita
226:– July or August 283) was
18:
6475:3rd-century Roman consuls
6438:
6340:
6329:
6227:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
5917:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
5468:
5446:
4833:
4822:Third Intermediate Period
4811:
3935:
3913:
2961:
2950:First Intermediate Period
2939:
2892:
2789:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2757:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2582:Constantine IX Monomachos
1504:
1488:
1477:
1472:
1458:
1441:
1433:
1428:
996:Leadbetter, Bill (2009).
687:
685:
683:
677:
675:
667:
663:
661:
659:
655:
543:
541:
539:
531:
527:
525:
523:
205:
193:
184:
42:
35:
5939:Cleopatra VII Philopator
4196:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
2954: (<3150–2040 BC)
2752:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1407:Altmayer, Klaus (2014).
1303:Gibbon, ch. XII., p. 293
1173:Jerome, Chron. s. a. 282
1164:Gibbon, ch. XII., p. 292
808:, Compendium of History
5912:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
5827:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
4121:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
2607:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2241:Tiberius II Constantine
915:Encyclopædia Britannica
868:Constantine the Emperor
291:Narbo (modern Narbonne)
242:frontier with success.
5954:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
5933:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
5927:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
5882:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
5852:Arsinoe III Philopator
4766:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
4236:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
4176:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
3767:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
2762:Michael IX Palaiologos
910:Carus, Marcus Aurelius
503:, in his catalogue of
460:Like the conquests of
363:
274:
21:Carus (disambiguation)
5902:Ptolemy X Alexander I
5867:Ptolemy VI Philometor
5847:Ptolemy IV Philopator
5842:Berenice II Euergetes
5837:Ptolemy III Euergetes
5799:Philip III Arrhidaeus
4308:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
4303:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
3657:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
2856:Thessalonian emperors
2850:Trapezuntine emperors
2811:John VIII Palaiologos
2806:Manuel II Palaiologos
2777:John VI Kantakouzenos
2693:Andronikos I Komnenos
2530:Constantine Lekapenos
1558:and empresses regnant
783:Epitome de Caesaribus
358:over Carus (top) and
349:
268:
217:Marcus Aurelius Carus
6335:Dynastic genealogies
5959:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
5255:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
5169:High Priests of Amun
4671:Merankhre Mentuhotep
4373:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
4368:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
4221:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
3928: (2040–1550 BC)
3647:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2794:John VII Palaiologos
2742:Theodore II Laskaris
2602:Constantine X Doukas
2542:Nikephoros II Phokas
1365:Carus (282-283 A.D.)
1363:William Leadbetter,
1272:Encyclopedia Iranica
360:Hormizd I Kushanshah
19:For other uses, see
5857:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
5794:Alexander the Great
4826: (1550–664 BC)
4348:Mershepsesre Ini II
4343:Merkawre Sobekhotep
3737:Neferkare IV Khendu
2725:Theodore I Laskaris
2710:Alexios III Angelos
2688:Alexios II Komnenos
2612:Romanos IV Diogenes
2567:Romanos III Argyros
2513:Romanos I Lekapenos
1123:Classical Philology
404:Germanicus Maximus.
6194:Trebonianus Gallus
4781:Senakhtenre Ahmose
4399:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
4353:Sewahenre Senebmiu
4328:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
3757:Neferkare V Tereru
3727:Neferkare III Neby
3395:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
2844:Britannic emperors
2838:Palmyrene emperors
2772:John V Palaiologos
2715:Alexios IV Angelos
2664:Constantine Doukas
2659:Alexios I Komnenos
2647:Constantine Doukas
2630:Michael VII Doukas
2592:Michael VI Bringas
2158:Romulus Augustulus
1781:Trebonianus Gallus
1774:Herennius Etruscus
1556:Byzantine emperors
1473:Political offices
740:co-emperor 282–284
364:
307:praetorian prefect
295:Gallia Narbonensis
275:
131:Gallia Narbonensis
6510:Damnatio memoriae
6447:
6446:
6434:
6433:
6325:
6324:
6321:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6241:Claudius Gothicus
6135:Severus Alexander
6102:Septimius Severus
5967:
5966:
5765:
5764:
5510:
5509:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5149:Osorkon the Elder
5100:
5099:
4877:
4876:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4771:Nubkheperre Intef
4651:Sekhemre Shedwast
4273:Sehetepkare Intef
4201:Semenkare Nebnuni
4130:
4129:
3977:
3976:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3684:
3683:
3662:Netjerkare Siptah
3584:Neferirkare Kakai
3429:
3428:
3233:
3232:
3003:
3002:
2899:
2898:
2737:John III Vatatzes
2683:Manuel I Komnenos
2422:Michael I Rangabe
2266:
2265:
2108:Petronius Maximus
1707:Severus Alexander
1675:Septimius Severus
1519:
1518:
1505:Succeeded by
1459:Succeeded by
1418:978-3-515-10621-4
1354:Southern, pg. 133
1222:Southern, pg. 132
1107:Illyrian Emperors
1009:978-0-203-86928-4
965:978-0-521-84026-2
950:Cooley, Alison E.
888:, Routledge, 2001
816:Secondary Sources
753:
752:
623:
214:
213:
210:
209:
6517:
6441:List of pharaohs
6331:
6096:Pescennius Niger
5984:
5980:
5979:
5892:Ptolemy IX Soter
5862:Cleopatra I Syra
5782:
5778:
5777:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5479:
5470:
5463:
5462:
5448:
5199:Djedkhonsuefankh
5117:
5113:
5112:
4894:
4890:
4889:
4864:
4859:
4844:
4835:
4828:
4827:
4813:
4406:Qareh Khawoserre
4392:Yakbim Sekhaenre
4333:Mersekhemre Ined
4147:
4143:
4142:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3946:
3937:
3930:
3929:
3915:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3020:
3016:
3015:
2972:
2963:
2956:
2955:
2941:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2903:
2747:John IV Laskaris
2720:Alexios V Doukas
2705:Isaac II Angelos
2671:John II Komnenos
2597:Isaac I Komnenos
2557:Constantine VIII
2547:John I Tzimiskes
2274:Byzantine Empire
2048:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1478:Preceded by
1434:Preceded by
1426:
1422:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1252:The Roman Empire
1243:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1115:Augustan History
1113:embedded in the
1103:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1028:
1022:
1021:
993:
987:
981:
970:
969:
946:
940:
937:
919:
898:
896:
895:
881:
859:
797:Historia Augusta
722:
618:
589:
515:
514:
450:Persicus Maximus
418:, pressed on to
327:Historia Augusta
225:
222:
186:
123:
76:
73:September 282 –
72:
47:
37:Persicus Maximus
28:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6514:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6430:
6336:
6313:
6213:Macrianus Minor
6142:Maximinus Thrax
6078:Marcus Aurelius
5977:
5976:
5975:
5963:
5822:Ptolemy I Soter
5808:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5761:
5728:
5700:
5660:
5642:
5622:Psammetichus IV
5592:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5506:
5484:
5475:
5464:
5461:(664 BC–313 AD)
5460:
5459:
5430:
5392:
5369:
5365:Menkheperre Ini
5302:
5225:
5163:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5096:
5033:
4980:
4961:Neferneferuaten
4887:
4886:
4885:
4873:
4872:
4862:
4857:
4856:Pharaohs
4849:
4840:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4795:
4730:
4689:
4616:Sobekhotep VIII
4597:
4529:
4377:
4338:Sewadjkare Hori
4140:
4139:
4138:
4126:
4066:
4040:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3973:
3951:
3942:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3897:
3864:
3824:
3732:Djedkare Shemai
3694:
3693:
3692:
3680:
3618:
3560:
3503:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3425:
3319:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3134:
3013:
3012:
3011:
2999:
2977:
2968:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2935:
2930:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2832:Gallic emperors
2820:
2508:Constantine VII
2289:Constantine III
2276:
2273:
2262:
2171:
2163:
2102:Valentinian III
2090:Constantius III
2084:Priscus Attalus
2068:Constantine III
2054:
2046:
1936:Valerius Valens
1881:
1873:
1719:
1711:
1670:Didius Julianus
1650:Marcus Aurelius
1567:
1559:
1549:
1515:
1511:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1468:
1464:
1449:
1448:282–283
1447:
1439:
1419:
1406:
1403:
1401:Further reading
1398:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1248:"Emperor Carus"
1245:
1244:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1119:Joseph Scaliger
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1010:
995:
994:
990:
982:
973:
966:
948:
947:
943:
938:
931:
926:
908:, ed. (1911). "
904:
893:
891:
884:Southern, Pat.
878:
862:
856:
836:J.R. Martindale
830:
818:
806:Joannes Zonaras
779:Aurelius Victor
775:
773:Primary Sources
770:
758:
746:Galeria Valeria
739:
731:
729:
727:
723:
617:
615:
613:
609:
594:
592:
590:
579:
577:
568:
566:
557:
555:
551:
513:
458:
344:
309:by the emperor
263:
247:Sassanid Empire
232:Germanic tribes
223:
180:
153:Sasanian Empire
146:
125:
55:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6523:
6521:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6452:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6334:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6311:
6309:Maximinus Daza
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6068:Antoninus Pius
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5981:
5978:(30 BC–313 AD)
5969:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5790:
5788:
5779:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5742:Artaxerxes III
5738:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5652:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5618:
5613:
5611:Petubastis III
5608:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5548:
5543:
5535:
5533:
5524:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5466:
5465:
5451:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5114:
5106:3 Intermediate
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5043:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4990:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4891:
4888:(1550–1070 BC)
4879:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4831:
4830:
4816:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4621:Neferhotep III
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4451:Sewadjkare III
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4420:Maaibre Sheshi
4416:
4413:'Ammu Ahotepre
4409:
4402:
4395:
4387:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4323:Merhotepre Ini
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Sobekhotep III
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4155:
4153:
4144:
4141:(1802–1550 BC)
4136:2 Intermediate
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4031:Mentuhotep III
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3988:(2040–1802 BC)
3983:Middle Kingdom
3979:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3933:
3932:
3920:Middle Kingdom
3918:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Neferkare VIII
3880:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3850:
3848:Nebkaure Khety
3845:
3840:
3838:Meryibre Khety
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3772:Neferkamin Anu
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3698:
3695:(2181–2040 BC)
3690:1 Intermediate
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3609:Djedkare Isesi
3606:
3604:Menkauhor Kaiu
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3443:
3440:(2686–2181 BC)
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3244:(3150–2686 BC)
3239:Early Dynastic
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3218:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3005:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2959:
2958:
2944:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2791:
2786:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2651:
2627:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Theodora (III)
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2483:
2478:
2466:
2454:
2449:
2437:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Constantine VI
2399:
2394:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Theodosius III
2363:
2358:
2353:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2311:Constantine IV
2308:
2303:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:Eastern Empire
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:Western Empire
2045:
2044:
2037:
2025:Magnus Maximus
2021:
2019:Valentinian II
2016:
2011:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1951:Constantius II
1948:
1946:Constantine II
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Antoninus Pius
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1568:27 BC – AD 235
1561:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1503:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1457:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1429:Regnal titles
1424:
1423:
1417:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1375:Gibbon, p. 296
1368:
1356:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1285:Zonaras, 12:30
1275:
1264:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1184:
1182:Zonaras, 12:29
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1098:
1089:
1073:
1048:
1023:
1008:
988:
971:
964:
941:
939:Jones, pg. 183
928:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
906:Chisholm, Hugh
889:
882:
877:978-0199755868
876:
860:
854:
828:
817:
814:
813:
812:
803:
794:
785:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
764:
757:
754:
751:
749:
748:
743:
741:
734:
732:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
691:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
679:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
583:
581:
572:
570:
561:
559:
547:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
533:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
512:
509:
457:
454:
370:upon his sons
352:Naqsh-e Rustam
343:
340:
262:
259:
212:
211:
208:
207:
203:
202:
196:
195:
191:
190:
182:
181:
179:
178:
175:
170:
164:
162:
156:
155:
143:
139:
138:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
68:
64:
63:
57:
56:
48:
40:
39:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6522:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6505:Caran dynasty
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6442:
6437:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6332:
6328:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6285:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6165:
6164:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5974:
5970:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5887:Cleopatra III
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5772:
5768:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5690:
5689:Nepherites II
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5503:
5500:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5480:
5477:
5471:
5467:
5458:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5221:
5220:Psusennes III
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5115:
5111:(1069–664 BC)
5107:
5103:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5077:Ramesses VIII
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4946:Amenhotep III
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4884:
4880:
4869:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4845:
4842:
4836:
4832:
4823:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4786:Seqenenre Tao
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4761:Sobekemsaf II
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4711:Wepwawetemsaf
4708:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Merneferre Ay
4316:
4314:
4313:Wahibre Ibiau
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4298:Sobekhotep IV
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4105:Amenemhat III
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4036:Mentuhotep IV
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:Mentuhotep II
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3970:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3888:Wahkare Khety
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3843:Neferkare VII
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
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3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3390:Seth-Peribsen
3388:
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3385:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3364:
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3357:
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3346:
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3333:Hotepsekhemwy
3331:
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3328:
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3322:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
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3302:
3299:
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3207:
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3150:
3146:
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3141:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:Double Falcon
3121:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
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3098:
3097:
3093:
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3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:(pre-3150 BC)
3010:
3009:Protodynastic
3006:
2996:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2946:Protodynastic
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2891:
2883:
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2499:
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2469:Theodora (II)
2467:
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2400:
2398:
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2390:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2376:Constantine V
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:Anastasius II
2359:
2357:
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2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2184:Theodosius II
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
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2136:
2134:
2131:
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2124:
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2119:
2117:
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2110:
2109:
2105:
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2100:
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2049:
2043:
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2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:Valentinian I
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:Constantine I
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Constantius I
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
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1501:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1444:Roman emperor
1438:
1432:
1427:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:Chisholm 1911
1339:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
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1276:
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1268:
1265:
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1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1143:
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1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:Edward Gibbon
1077:
1074:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1001:
1000:
992:
989:
986:, p. 26.
985:
980:
978:
976:
972:
967:
961:
957:
956:
951:
945:
942:
936:
934:
930:
923:
917:
916:
911:
907:
902:
901:public domain
890:
887:
883:
879:
873:
869:
865:
864:Potter, David
861:
857:
855:0-521-07233-6
851:
847:
846:
841:
837:
833:
832:Jones, A.H.M.
829:
827:
823:
820:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:
802:
798:
795:
793:
789:
786:
784:
780:
777:
776:
772:
767:
763:
760:
759:
755:
750:
747:
738:
728:Roman Emperor
726:
721:
692:
689:
681:
680:
665:
657:
628:
626:
622:
614:Roman Emperor
612:
593:Roman Emperor
588:
578:Roman Emperor
576:
567:Roman Emperor
565:
556:Roman Emperor
554:
548:
545:
537:
535:
534:
529:
521:
519:
516:
510:
508:
506:
502:
498:
492:
490:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
436:
435:Sassanid King
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
361:
357:
353:
348:
341:
339:
337:
333:
328:
324:
320:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
272:
267:
260:
258:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Roman emperor
218:
204:
201:
197:
192:
187:
183:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
163:
161:
157:
154:
150:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
116:
112:
109:Carinus (283)
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
69:
65:
62:
61:Roman emperor
58:
53:
52:
46:
41:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
6286:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6199:
6192:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6094:
6087:
6073:Lucius Verus
6030:
5931:
5907:Berenice III
5897:Cleopatra IV
5872:Cleopatra II
5804:Alexander IV
5724:Nectanebo II
5693:
5674:Nepherites I
5633:Artaxerxes I
5620:
5550:
5538:
5521:(664–332 BC)
5501:
5457:Roman Period
5359:Shoshenq VII
5357:
5330:
5290:
5271:Shoshenq III
5253:
5218:
5181:
5159:Psusennes II
5072:Ramesses VII
5052:Ramesses III
4936:Amenhotep II
4931:Thutmose III
4867:
4756:Sobekemsaf I
4748:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4682:
4675:
4580:
4563:
4558:'Aper-'Anati
4556:
4549:
4542:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4466:Sekheperenre
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4288:Neferhotep I
4278:Seth Meribre
4255:
4241:Djedkheperew
4158:
4119:
4110:Amenemhat IV
4100:Senusret III
4090:Amenemhat II
4006:Mentuhotep I
3968:
3857:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3722:Neferkare II
3673:
3666:
3599:Nyuserre Ini
3553:
3536:
3491:
3484:
3472:
3413:
3408:Neferkasokar
3406:
3399:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3312:
3305:
3213:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3156:Finger Snail
3154:
3147:
3127:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
2994:
2799:Andronikos V
2797:
2780:
2728:
2696:
2674:
2662:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2621:
2615:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2489:
2472:
2460:
2443:
2431:
2425:
2412:Nikephoros I
2387:
2386:
2380:
2347:
2344:Justinian II
2339:Tiberius III
2329:Justinian II
2320:
2314:
2297:
2249:
2221:Anastasius I
2212:
2156:
2152:Julius Nepos
2144:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2023:
2014:Theodosius I
2001:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1931:Maximinus II
1918:
1858:
1820:
1803:
1790:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1693:
1655:Lucius Verus
1497:
1491:Roman consul
1489:
1451:
1442:
1408:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1359:
1350:
1338:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1251:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1125:
1122:
1110:
1101:
1096:Victor, 38:1
1092:
1084:
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1060:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
998:
991:
954:
944:
913:
885:
867:
844:
825:
504:
493:
478:
459:
449:
432:
403:
365:
315:
276:
244:
216:
215:
149:River Tigris
133:(Modern day
49:
36:
25:
6177:Gordian III
6122:Diadumenian
5922:Cleopatra V
5776:(332–30 BC)
5771:Hellenistic
5714:Nectanebo I
5606:Cambyses II
5588:Psamtik III
5546:Tefnakht II
5348:Takelot III
5343:Osorkon III
5338:Shoshenq VI
5292:Pedubast II
5276:Shoshenq IV
5249:Shoshenq II
5214:Pinedjem II
5204:Menkheperre
5139:Psusennes I
5092:Ramesses XI
5082:Ramesses IX
5067:Ramesses VI
5057:Ramesses IV
5004:Ramesses II
4966:Tutankhamun
4941:Thutmose IV
4921:Thutmose II
4911:Amenhotep I
4883:New Kingdom
4818:New Kingdom
4677:Senusret IV
4661:Dedumose II
4636:Nebiriau II
4631:Nebiryraw I
4626:Mentuhotepi
4431:Khakherewre
4358:Merkheperre
4268:Imyremeshaw
4251:Sedjefakare
4206:Sehetepibre
4181:Ameny Qemau
4115:Sobekneferu
4095:Senusret II
4080:Amenemhat I
4062:Iyibkhentre
3792:Neferirkare
3787:Neferkauhor
3594:Shepseskare
3435:Old Kingdom
3421:Khasekhemwy
3401:Neferkara I
3370:Weneg-Nebty
3215:Scorpion II
2858:(1224–1242)
2852:(1204–1461)
2641:Konstantios
2518:Christopher
2491:Constantine
2481:Michael III
2462:Constantine
2445:Constantine
2427:Theophylact
2356:Philippicus
2306:Constans II
2231:Justinian I
2127:Severus III
2075:Constans II
1829:Claudius II
1805:Silbannacus
1752:Gordian III
1727:Maximinus I
1695:Diadumenian
1294:Victor 38:2
1061:Ostia Atica
1036:rome101.com
984:Potter 2013
511:Family tree
505:The Caesars
442:Afghanistan
416:Mesopotamia
200:Regnal name
147:Beyond the
82:Predecessor
6465:283 deaths
6460:222 births
6454:Categories
6294:Diocletian
6248:Quintillus
6201:Aemilianus
6156:Gordian II
6128:Elagabalus
5949:Arsinoe IV
5832:Arsinoe II
5757:Darius III
5684:Psammuthes
5573:Psamtik II
5388:Bakenranef
5326:Pedubast I
5321:Takelot II
5316:Harsiese A
5298:Osorkon IV
5286:Shoshenq V
5266:Osorkon II
5239:Shoshenq I
5209:Smendes II
5189:Pinedjem I
5134:Amenemnisu
5087:Ramesses X
5062:Ramesses V
5014:Amenmesses
4994:Ramesses I
4956:Smenkhkare
4926:Hatshepsut
4916:Thutmose I
4666:Montuemsaf
4656:Dedumose I
4456:Nebdjefare
4446:Merdjefare
4216:Nedjemibre
4211:Sewadjkare
4085:Senusret I
4057:Qakare Ini
3878:Meryhathor
3782:Neferkaure
3777:Qakare Iby
3762:Neferkahor
3747:Neferkamin
3555:Thamphthis
3549:Shepseskaf
3463:Sekhemkhet
3314:Horus Bird
3191:Scorpion I
2635:Andronikos
2623:Nikephoros
2572:Michael IV
2537:Romanos II
2457:Theophilos
2452:Michael II
2433:Staurakios
2417:Staurakios
2389:Nikephoros
2382:Artabasdos
2294:Heraclonas
2251:Theodosius
2209:Basiliscus
1969:Nepotianus
1962:Magnentius
1956:Constans I
1909:Severus II
1889:Diocletian
1834:Quintillus
1799:Aemilianus
1792:Volusianus
1737:Gordian II
1702:Elagabalus
1565:Principate
1485:Victorinus
1257:25 January
1199:25 January
924:References
611:Diocletian
489:Diocletian
414:, annexed
412:Asia Minor
396:Sarmatians
350:Panels at
336:Diocletian
238:along the
236:Sarmatians
224: 222
106:Co-emperor
6426:Ptolemaic
6234:Gallienus
6149:Gordian I
6112:Caracalla
6038:Vespasian
6032:Vitellius
5814:Ptolemaic
5656:Amyrtaeus
5638:Darius II
5583:Ahmose II
5563:Psamtik I
5502:uncertain
5490:Pharaohs
5426:Tanutamun
5261:Takelot I
5244:Osorkon I
5194:Masaharta
5144:Amenemope
5047:Setnakhte
5009:Merneptah
4951:Akhenaten
4868:uncertain
4750:Nebmaatre
4571:Sakir-Har
4524:Yaqub-Har
4436:Nebefawre
4186:Hotepibre
4052:Segerseni
4021:Intef III
3969:uncertain
3957:Pharaohs
3589:Neferefre
3415:Hudjefa I
3296:Semerkhet
3033:Hedju Hor
2995:uncertain
2983:Pharaohs
2877:Classical
2862:Empresses
2846:(286–296)
2840:(267–273)
2834:(260–274)
2577:Michael V
2503:Alexander
2316:Heraclius
2284:Heraclius
2236:Justin II
2146:Glycerius
2133:Anthemius
2003:Procopius
1941:Martinian
1920:Maxentius
1849:Florianus
1822:Saloninus
1817:Gallienus
1786:Hostilian
1762:Philip II
1732:Gordian I
1680:Caracalla
1615:Vespasian
1610:Vitellius
1111:vita Cari
1018:503449219
840:J. Morris
788:Eutropius
564:Florianus
446:Ctesiphon
438:Bahram II
424:Ctesiphon
362:(bottom).
356:Bahram II
283:Illyricum
261:Biography
92:Successor
6386:21 to 23
6304:Galerius
6299:Maximian
6288:Numerian
6255:Aurelian
6207:Valerian
6170:Balbinus
6163:Pupienus
6117:Macrinus
6089:Pertinax
6083:Commodus
6048:Domitian
6011:Claudius
6006:Caligula
6001:Tiberius
5996:Augustus
5616:Darius I
5568:Necho II
5411:Shebitku
5383:Tefnakht
4976:Horemheb
4906:Ahmose I
4718:Pantjeny
4704:Senebkay
4684:Pepi III
4646:Bebiankh
4503:Shenshek
4461:Nebsenre
4293:Sihathor
4263:Khendjer
4226:Renseneb
4171:Nerikare
4016:Intef II
3893:Merykare
3798:Wadjkare
3742:Merenhor
3637:Userkare
3544:Menkaure
3538:Bikheris
3527:Djedefre
3493:Qahedjet
3377:Wadjenes
3363:Horus Sa
3356:Nubnefer
3343:Nynetjer
3307:Sneferka
3047:Ni-Neith
2933:Pharaohs
2872:Usurpers
2867:Augustae
2825:See also
2730:Nicholas
2552:Basil II
2349:Tiberius
2334:Leontius
2322:Tiberius
2299:Tiberius
2277:610–1453
2272:Eastern/
2226:Justin I
2179:Arcadius
2139:Olybrius
2121:Majorian
2062:Honorius
2041:Eugenius
1976:Vetranio
1926:Licinius
1899:Galerius
1894:Maximian
1879:Dominate
1869:Numerian
1839:Aurelian
1812:Valerian
1757:Philip I
1747:Balbinus
1742:Pupienus
1690:Macrinus
1665:Pertinax
1660:Commodus
1625:Domitian
1590:Claudius
1585:Caligula
1580:Tiberius
1575:Augustus
1513:Numerian
1466:Numerian
1041:26 March
952:(2012).
866:(2013).
842:(1971).
756:See also
737:Numerian
550:previous
466:Numerian
420:Seleucia
388:Persians
380:Augustus
376:Numerian
313:in 282.
255:Numerian
173:Numerian
100:Numerian
77:July 283
54:of Carus
6495:Aurelii
6281:Carinus
6262:Tacitus
6220:Quietus
6063:Hadrian
5747:Khabash
5578:Wahibre
5558:Necho I
5552:Nekauba
5540:Ammeris
5483:Dynasty
5421:Taharqa
5416:Shabaka
5353:Rudamun
5332:Iuput I
5177:Herihor
5129:Smendes
5029:Twosret
5019:Seti II
4863:female)
4848:Dynasty
4744:Rahotep
4641:Semenre
4611:Djehuti
4593:Khamudi
4582:Yanassi
4565:Salitis
4517:Yakareb
4510:Khamure
4441:Sehebre
4363:Merkare
4011:Intef I
3950:Dynasty
3859:Imhotep
3819:Iytjenu
3805:Khuiqer
3717:Menkare
3668:Neferka
3652:Pepi II
3574:Userkaf
3468:Sanakht
3291:Anedjib
3271:Hor-Aha
3204:Iry-Hor
3198:Shendjw
3170:Pen-Abu
3054:Hat-Hor
2976:Dynasty
2882:Eastern
2782:Matthew
2676:Alexios
2524:Stephen
2486:Basil I
2371:Leo III
2246:Maurice
2189:Marcian
2172:395–610
2096:Joannes
2055:395–480
2009:Gratian
1882:284–610
1864:Carinus
1844:Tacitus
1720:235–285
1640:Hadrian
1508:Carinus
1500:Carinus
1462:Carinus
1453:Carinus
1066:30 June
903::
768:Sources
730:282–284
725:Carinus
616:284–305
595:282–283
580:276–282
558:275–276
553:Tacitus
481:Tacitus
398:on the
372:Carinus
332:Tacitus
319:Sirmium
303:senator
251:Carinus
177:Paulina
168:Carinus
96:Carinus
6421:Argead
6268:Probus
6188:Decius
6183:Philip
6058:Trajan
5786:Argead
5695:Muthis
5648:XXVIII
5628:Xerxes
5496:female
5474:Period
5183:Piankh
5154:Siamun
5024:Siptah
4999:Seti I
4839:Period
4791:Kamose
4725:Snaaib
4695:Abydos
4551:Semqen
4544:Sharek
4496:Sheneh
4476:'Apepi
4471:Bebnum
4426:Nehesy
4246:Sebkay
4166:Sonbef
3963:female
3941:Period
3752:Nikare
3642:Pepi I
3579:Sahure
3532:Khafre
3517:Snefru
3486:Sedjes
3458:Djoser
3384:Senedj
3262:Narmer
3221:Narmer
3103:Wazner
3068:Hsekiu
3040:Ny-Hor
2989:female
2967:Period
2644:&
2620:&
2527:&
2498:Leo VI
2474:Thekla
2430:&
2397:Leo IV
2319:&
2258:Phocas
2214:Marcus
2199:Leo II
2115:Avitus
2032:Victor
1997:Valens
1987:Jovian
1982:Julian
1854:Probus
1789:&
1769:Decius
1717:Crisis
1635:Trajan
1481:Probus
1455:(283)
1450:With:
1437:Probus
1415:
1016:
1006:
962:
897:
874:
852:
838:&
621:Prisca
575:Probus
497:Julian
485:Probus
474:Persia
470:Tigris
462:Trajan
456:Legacy
428:Tigris
408:Thrace
400:Danube
368:Caesar
323:Raetia
311:Probus
287:Africa
240:Danube
135:France
86:Probus
51:Aureus
6274:Carus
6053:Nerva
6043:Titus
6021:Galba
5988:XXXIV
5973:Roman
5752:Arses
5679:Hakor
5598:XXVII
5308:XXIII
4898:XVIII
4858:(male
4588:Apepi
4576:Khyan
4489:Wazad
4257:Wegaf
4191:Iufni
4045:Nubia
3853:Setut
3675:Nefer
3522:Khufu
3480:Khaba
3474:Nebka
3338:Nebra
3266:Menes
3225:Menes
3177:Stork
3140:Upper
3096:Neheb
3089:Thesh
3075:Khayu
3024:Lower
2440:Leo V
2407:Irene
2194:Leo I
1859:Carus
1630:Nerva
1620:Titus
1600:Galba
1552:Roman
1498:with
591:Carus
392:Quadi
189:Names
160:Issue
127:Narbo
67:Reign
31:Carus
6107:Geta
6026:Otho
6016:Nero
5734:XXXI
5719:Teos
5666:XXIX
5531:XXVI
5516:Late
5493:male
5453:Late
5406:Piye
5375:XXIV
5281:Pami
5231:XXII
4820:and
4736:XVII
4482:Nuya
4151:XIII
3960:male
3922:and
3812:Khui
3709:VIII
3632:Teti
3614:Unas
3499:Huni
3301:Qa'a
3281:Djet
3276:Djer
3184:Bull
3163:Fish
3129:Wash
3110:Mekh
2986:male
2796:(w.
2779:(w.
2727:(w.
2698:John
2695:(w.
2673:(w.
2661:(w.
2632:(w.
2614:(w.
2515:(w.
2488:(w.
2471:(w.
2459:(w.
2442:(w.
2424:(w.
2385:(w.
2346:(w.
2313:(w.
2296:(w.
2248:(w.
2211:(w.
2204:Zeno
2071:(w.
2028:(w.
1819:(w.
1783:(w.
1771:(w.
1759:(w.
1692:(w.
1685:Geta
1605:Otho
1595:Nero
1554:and
1413:ISBN
1259:2023
1201:2023
1068:2023
1043:2023
1014:OCLC
1004:ISBN
960:ISBN
872:ISBN
850:ISBN
608:next
501:Rome
483:and
433:The
422:and
410:and
394:and
384:Gaul
374:and
299:Rome
279:Gaul
253:and
234:and
142:Died
118:Born
98:and
5706:XXX
5455:to
5398:XXV
5121:XXI
4986:XIX
4603:XVI
4383:XIV
4231:Hor
4072:XII
3705:VII
3450:III
3286:Den
3082:Tiu
2948:to
2617:Leo
2562:Zoe
1808:(?)
1495:283
912:".
826:DIR
569:276
293:in
285:or
124:222
6456::
6416:31
6411:30
6406:27
6401:26
6396:25
6391:24
6381:20
6376:19
6371:18
6366:12
6361:11
5039:XX
4971:Ay
4535:XV
3998:XI
3830:IX
3624:VI
3509:IV
3349:Ba
3325:II
3264:/
3223:/
3209:Ka
3061:Pu
2638:,
2521:,
1326:^
1278:^
1250:.
1236:^
1126:37
1083:,
1059:.
1034:.
1012:.
974:^
932:^
834:;
824:,
799:,
790:,
781:,
619:∞
507:.
430:.
281:,
221:c.
151:,
129:,
122:c.
75:c.
71:c.
6356:4
6352:3
6349:2
6345:1
3870:X
3707:/
3566:V
3254:I
3149:A
3117:A
2925:e
2918:t
2911:v
2802:)
2785:)
2733:)
2701:)
2679:)
2667:)
2650:)
2626:)
2533:)
2494:)
2477:)
2465:)
2448:)
2436:)
2393:)
2352:)
2325:)
2302:)
2254:)
2217:)
2079:)
2036:)
1825:)
1795:)
1777:)
1765:)
1698:)
1544:e
1537:t
1530:v
1510:,
1483:,
1421:.
1345:.
1261:.
1203:.
1070:.
1045:.
1020:.
968:.
880:.
858:.
273:.
219:(
137:)
23:.
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