98:
Britain". David Breeze added that "the suggested Roman context for the sites at Easter
Galcantray and Thoms Hill - Daniels 1986 and Jones 1986 - fails to convince; most of the evidence from the former site would better sit within a medieval context". William Hanson concluded that "none of the postulated sites discovered by aerial survey in Moray and Nairn over recent years has the distinctive morphological characteristics of a Roman fort".
33:
92:
associated timber gate and corner tower; the presence of possible contemporary rectilinear timber buildings, which appear reminiscent in both size and form to barrack blocks; and finally, the dating evidence. This, based on the one sigma calibrated range, suggests the slighting of the site during the late first century AD, which would correspond to the governorship of
Agricola, or possibly his unknown successor.
117:
71:. The site was described as being on the "south bank of river Nairn, straight cropmark with gap in middle and suggestion of two more sides, truncated by river, at right angles to main mark." Excavations between 1985 and 1990 uncovered a ditch, post holes, a corner tower and a few pottery fragments. Studies of the pottery identified it as medieval.
348:
conclusive evidence that the site was occupied and abandoned during the late first century AD. Still less is it conclusive evidence that it was occupied and abandoned by the Roman military, particularly since no late first-century Roman pottery was recovered from this feature or from elsewhere on the site.
91:
Jones (1986a) interpreted the main structural phase within the (Cawdor) site’s history as potential evidence for the presence of a Roman military work. This assumption was based on a number of salient factors. These include: the rectilinear form of the enclosure ditch, with its V-shaped profile; the
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However, Romano-British scholars have been reticent in confirming Jones' interpretation. Maxwell and Wilson wrote: "For the present, it may be noted that, viewed as crop-mark sites, neither sits happily in the established morphological categories of standard Roman military installations in North
347:
Likewise, the single calibrated radiocarbon date retrieved from the 'demolition deposit' within the ditch, although partially spanning the
Flavian period at both one and two sigma standard deviations (cal AD 80–130 (1 sigma): cal AD 80–220 (2 sigma) ), remains problematic. It is not, in itself,
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of material recovered from the site gave possible dates of construction during
Agricola's first century campaign, but its interpretation remains problematic because the site was occupied and abandoned quite quickly leaving no other evidence.
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305:
258:
635:
591:
482:
578:
130:
177:
312:
573:
563:
381:
Hanson, William S. (2003). Edwards, Kevin J.; Ralston, Ian B.M. (eds.). "The Roman
Presence: Brief Interludes".
337:
Gregory, R.A. (2001). "Excavations by the late G.D.B. Jones and C.M. Daniels along the Moray Firth littoral".
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A single radiocarbon date of 1880 +/- 20 BP, obtained from a layer of charcoal in the re-cut western ditch.
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R.A. Gregory, "Excavations by the late G.D.B. Jones and C.M. Daniels along the Moray Firth littoral",
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This sherd of pottery was subsequently dated to 1300±140 AD (Dur87TL-2AS) by thermoluminescence
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were found, several features were identified that seemed supportive of this classification:
47:, located near the small village of Easter Galcantray (15 miles or 24 kilometres east of
392:"Roman campaigns north of the Forth-Clyde isthmus: the evidence of the temporary camps"
203:"Excavations by the late G.D.B. Jones and C.M. Daniels along the Moray Firth littoral"
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452:
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383:
Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and
History, 8000 BC - AD 1000
55:
in Great
Britain, although no evidence of Roman occupation has been found to date.
17:
460:
Maxwell, G S (1980). "Agricola's campaigns: the evidence of the temporary camps".
269:
G.S. Maxwell & D.R. Wilson, "Aerial reconnaissance in Roman
Britain 1977-84",
501:
Robertson, A S (1976). "Agricola's campaigns in
Scotland, and their aftermath".
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In 1984 cropmarks were identified at Easter
Galcantray, south west of
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527:
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Temporary Marching Camp: Normandykes, Peterculter, Grampian (2004)
31:
584:
Britannia - The Roman army and navy in Britain (55BC - 410AD)
282:
D.J. Breeze, "Why did the Romans fail to conquer Scotland?",
583:
514:
Joseph, J K (1951). "Air reconnaissance of North Britain".
569:
RCAHMS: Cawdor Roman Fort excavations at Easter Galcantray
475:
Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History
431:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
396:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
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Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
284:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
255:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
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Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
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G.D.B. Jones & I. Keillor, "Easter Galcantray",
51:), was suspected of being one of the northernmost
545:The First Frontier. Rome in the North of Scotland
631:Archaeological sites in Highland (council area)
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74:The posisbility that the site may have been a
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427:"The Roman camps at Raedykes and Glenmailen"
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311:. www.her.highland.gov.uk. Archived from
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494:Inchtuthil. The Roman Legionary Fortress
165:Discovery & Excavation Scotland 1984
559:MHG6892 - Enclosure (Roman?) Holme Rose
156:
543:Woolliscroft, D; Hoffmann, B (2006).
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496:(6 ed.). Britannia Monograph.
273:Vol. 18 (1987), pp. 1-48, at p. 34
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636:Archaeological sites in Scotland
564:Excavations of Jones and Daniels
131:Scotland during the Roman Empire
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477:. Thames & Hudson: London.
29:Archaeological site in Scotland
78:was raised. Although no Roman
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385:. Edinburgh University Press.
363:Di Martino, Vittorio (2003).
286:118 (1988), pp. 3-22, at p. 8
178:Historic Environment Scotland
516:The Journal of Roman Studies
503:Scottish Archeological Forum
462:Scottish Archeological Forum
306:"Excavations at Cawdor 1986"
390:Hanson, William S. (1980).
376:. University of Manchester.
182:"Easter Galcantray (15033)"
652:
372:Jones and Keillar (1986).
36:Cawdor Roman Fort is near
473:Moffat, Alistair (2005).
444:10.9750/PSAS.050.317.359
409:10.9750/PSAS.109.140.150
367:. Collins Press: London.
257:131 (2001), pp. 177-222
220:10.9750/PSAS.131.177.222
574:The Roman Gask Project
201:Gregory, R.A. (2001).
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425:Macdonald, G (1916).
374:Excavations at Cawdor
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318:on 19 February 2012
295:Hanson (2003) p.198
123:Ancient Rome portal
45:Cawdor (Roman Fort)
18:Cawdor (Roman Fort)
607:57.5098°N 3.9868°W
69:aerial photography
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547:. Tempus: Stroud.
492:Pitts, L (1985).
102:Radiocarbon tests
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437:: 348–359.
402:: 142–145.
260:, at p.204.
213:: 177–222.
146:Normandykes
53:Roman forts
625:Categories
595:57°30′35″N
136:Inchtuthil
76:Roman fort
598:3°59′12″W
453:191748336
418:145027106
271:Britannia
229:149451305
141:Deers Den
84:artefacts
59:Discovery
49:Inverness
38:Inverness
468:: 34–41.
109:See also
187:Canmore
80:pottery
536:298099
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522:: 65.
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345:: 34.
322:18 May
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65:Cawdor
532:JSTOR
449:S2CID
414:S2CID
316:(PDF)
309:(PDF)
225:S2CID
152:Notes
67:, by
479:ISBN
324:2018
524:doi
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