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Caterina de' Medici, Governor of Siena

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In later life, Caterina garnered a reputation for intense piety. Historian Colonel G.F. Young asserts that she bore a striking resemblance to her brother
2007: 1634: 1629: 1561: 2108: 1803: 1786: 1757: 1999: 1440: 229: 169: 133: 1763: 1940: 2023: 1975: 1850: 1809: 1198: 1728: 1551: 2113: 1704: 191: 1588: 1256: 275: 1933: 1891: 1885: 301: 127: 1162: 522: 2073: 268: 2083: 1523: 271:, heir to the three Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, but his Anglican religion presented an insurmountable barrier. 1983: 1879: 1716: 1466: 225: 47: 1666: 2118: 2103: 2039: 1867: 1838: 1598: 918: 2068: 1619: 2123: 2098: 1873: 860: 2078: 1516: 1490: 1734: 834: 370: 2063: 1956: 1447: 221: 43: 1624: 1224: 954: 257: 20: 1566: 1556: 213: 99: 2031: 1483: 1377:
Parrott, David (1997). "The Mantuan Succession, 1627–31: A Sovereignty Dispute in Early Modern Europe".
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The second daughter and third child of Grand Duke Ferdinando I and his wife, Christina of
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Upon being made a widow in 1626, she returned to Tuscany. Her nephew,
115: 1929: 1512: 285:, created her Governess of Siena in 1627, where she died of 1381:. CXII, Issue 445, February (445). Oxford Academic: 20–65. 1851:
Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1845:
Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria
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Ancestors of Caterina de' Medici, Governor of Siena
197: 187: 175: 165: 122: 105: 78: 74: 66: 61: 53: 42: 28: 212:(2 May 1593 – 17 April 1629) was a 57:16 February 1617 – October 29, 1626 276:Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat 267:Caterina was considered as a potential spouse to 260:(who was also her great-grandmother) was born in 1804:Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria 589:Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo y EnrĂ­quez de GuzmĂĄn 300:. She was interred in the Medicean necropolis, 549:Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1941: 1524: 8: 1886:Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri 1635:Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat 1405:Caterina de' Medici, Governor of Siena 1948: 1934: 1926: 1816:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂŒdingen 1735:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily 1531: 1517: 1509: 1400: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1326:Devil-Land: England under Siege, 1588–1688 429:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 321: 312: 236:from 1627. She was the second daughter of 34: 25: 1892:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio 278:; the marriage, however, was childless. 170:Ferdinand, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat 1898:Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis PĂ©rez 1604:Claudia, Archduchess of Further Austria 1562:Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara 1337: 1317: 1868:Helena, Duchess Philipp of WĂŒrttemberg 1178: 1058: 1054: 1042: 934: 814: 810: 806: 796: 688: 568: 564: 552: 444: 334: 330: 326: 2024:Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria 1764:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria 1254: 1244: 1240: 1228: 1222: 1212: 1196: 1186: 1182: 1166: 1160: 1150: 1134: 1124: 1120: 1108: 1102: 1092: 1076: 1066: 1062: 1036: 1026: 1010: 1000: 996: 984: 978: 968: 952: 942: 938: 922: 916: 906: 890: 880: 876: 864: 858: 848: 832: 822: 818: 790: 780: 764: 754: 750: 738: 732: 722: 706: 696: 692: 676: 670: 660: 644: 634: 630: 618: 612: 602: 586: 576: 572: 546: 536: 520: 510: 506: 494: 488: 478: 462: 452: 448: 432: 426: 416: 400: 390: 386: 374: 368: 358: 342: 338: 7: 1667:Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine 1630:Anna, Archduchess of Further Austria 345:Giovanni di Pierfrancesco de' Medici 1916:did not have a royal or noble birth 1810:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani 1705:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen 192:Ferdinando I, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1199:Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino 238:Grand Duke Ferdinando I of Tuscany 16:Governor of Siena from 1627 – 1629 14: 2109:Burials at San Lorenzo, Florence 1976:Archduchess Catherine of Austria 1911:* also an archduchess of Austria 1839:Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony 1787:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia 274:Eventually, she married in 1617 269:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales 1758:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony 1723:Princess Maria Johanna Gabriela 1257:Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne 371:Ludovico di Giovanni de' Medici 1984:Archduchess Eleanor of Austria 1741:Maria Antonia, Queen of France 1717:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma 1557:Isabella, Duchess of Bracciano 1: 2040:Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine 1379:The English Historical Review 919:Charles III, Duke of Lorraine 258:the eponymous Queen of France 1874:Rosa, Duchess of WĂŒrttemberg 1625:Margherita, Duchess of Parma 1584:Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua 1567:Virginia, Duchess of Modena 1397:, John Murray, London, 1920 1137:Claude, Duchess of Brittany 861:Francis I, Duke of Lorraine 302:the Basilica of San Lorenzo 2140: 2114:17th-century women regents 2000:Princess Margaret of Savoy 1539:Tuscan princesses by birth 1172: 1056: 1048: 928: 812: 808: 682: 566: 558: 438: 332: 328: 18: 1963: 1907: 1833:Princess Maria Antonietta 1488: 1475: 1464: 1454: 1445: 1437: 1430: 1403: 1242: 1234: 1206: 1184: 1180: 1144: 1122: 1114: 1086: 1064: 1060: 1020: 998: 990: 962: 940: 936: 900: 878: 870: 842: 835:Anthony, Duke of Lorraine 820: 816: 774: 752: 744: 716: 694: 690: 654: 632: 624: 596: 574: 570: 530: 508: 500: 472: 450: 446: 410: 388: 380: 352: 336: 44:Duchess consort of Mantua 33: 1711:Princess Maria Elisabeth 1599:Princess Maria Maddalena 1497: 1480: 1328:(Penguin, 2022), p. 139. 615:Pedro de Toledo y ZĂșñiga 283:Grand Duke Ferdinando II 256:, Caterina, named after 19:Not to be confused with 2074:Duchesses of Montferrat 1620:Princess Maria Cristina 1387:10.1093/ehr/CXII.445.20 955:Christian II of Denmark 735:MarĂ­a Osorio y Pimentel 149:43.774991°N 11.253659°E 128:Basilica of San Lorenzo 2084:Nobility from Florence 1729:Princess Maria Josepha 1594:Marie, Queen of France 228:as the second wife of 2032:Anna Isabella Gonzaga 1467:Duchess of Montferrat 1395:The Medici: Volume II 1039:Christina of Lorraine 242:Christina of Lorraine 202:Christina of Lorraine 2119:17th-century regents 2104:Deaths from smallpox 2008:Catherine de' Medici 1781:Princess Maria Luisa 1225:Catherine de' Medici 981:Christina of Denmark 154:43.774991; 11.253659 70:1627 – 17 April 1629 21:Catherine de' Medici 2069:Duchesses of Mantua 1957:Duchesses of Mantua 1699:Princess Maria Anna 1079:Francis I of France 1013:Isabella of Austria 523:Lucrezia de' Medici 210:Caterina de' Medici 145: /  29:Caterina de' Medici 2124:Daughters of dukes 2099:Governors of Siena 1992:Eleanor de' Medici 1968:Margaret Paleologa 1501:Mattias de' Medici 1484:Fabrizio Colloredo 1476:Political offices 1105:Henry II of France 793:Claudia de' Medici 709:Pimentel y Pacheco 289:two years later. 216:noblewoman of the 23:, Queen of France. 2079:Tuscan princesses 2051: 2050: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1507: 1506: 1498:Succeeded by 1491:Governor of Siena 1455:Succeeded by 1448:Duchess of Mantua 1441:Margaret of Savoy 1308: 1307: 1304: 1303: 673:Eleanor of Toledo 647:ZĂșñiga y Pimentel 234:Governor of Siena 222:Duchess of Mantua 207: 206: 62:Governor of Siena 2131: 2016:Isabella Gonzaga 1950: 1943: 1936: 1927: 1909: 1880:Princess Dolores 1533: 1526: 1519: 1510: 1481:Preceded by 1458:Isabella Gonzaga 1438:Preceded by 1426: 1419: 1401: 1390: 1364: 1361: 1350: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1322: 1163:Claude of Valois 893:RenĂ©e of Bourbon 322: 313: 264:on 2 May 1593. 160: 159: 157: 156: 155: 150: 146: 143: 142: 141: 138: 112: 88: 86: 38: 26: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2064:House of Medici 2054: 2053: 2052: 2047: 1959: 1954: 1924: 1919: 1913: 1903: 1861:12th generation 1856: 1826:11th generation 1821: 1797:10th generation 1792: 1769: 1746: 1687: 1671: 1655: 1639: 1608: 1572: 1540: 1537: 1503: 1494: 1486: 1470: 1460: 1451: 1443: 1432:Italian royalty 1420: 1414: 1413: 1410:House of Medici 1406: 1376: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1353: 1348: 1344: 1336: 1332: 1324:Clare Jackson, 1323: 1319: 1314: 1309: 465:Jacopo Salviati 403:Caterina Sforza 310: 250: 230:Duke Ferdinando 182:House of Medici 161: 153: 151: 147: 144: 139: 136: 134: 132: 131: 114: 110: 90: 84: 82: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2137: 2135: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2056: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2045: 2037: 2029: 2021: 2013: 2005: 1997: 1989: 1981: 1973: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1952: 1945: 1938: 1930: 1921: 1920: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1855: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1820: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1790: 1784: 1777: 1775: 1774:9th generation 1771: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1754: 1752: 1751:8th generation 1748: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1695: 1693: 1692:7th generation 1689: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1676:6th generation 1673: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1663: 1661: 1660:5th generation 1657: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1647: 1645: 1644:4th generation 1641: 1640: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1614: 1613:3rd generation 1610: 1609: 1607: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1577:2nd generation 1574: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1552:Princess Maria 1548: 1546: 1545:1st generation 1542: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535: 1528: 1521: 1513: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1496: 1487: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1453: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1407: 1404: 1399: 1398: 1391: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1351: 1342: 1330: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1165: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1109: 1107: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1041: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1002: 1001: 999: 997: 995: 992: 991: 989: 986: 985: 983: 977: 974: 973: 970: 969: 967: 964: 963: 961: 958: 957: 951: 948: 947: 944: 943: 941: 939: 937: 935: 933: 930: 929: 927: 924: 923: 921: 915: 912: 911: 908: 907: 905: 902: 901: 899: 896: 895: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 879: 877: 875: 872: 871: 869: 866: 865: 863: 857: 854: 853: 850: 849: 847: 844: 843: 841: 838: 837: 831: 828: 827: 824: 823: 821: 819: 817: 815: 813: 811: 809: 807: 805: 802: 801: 798: 797: 795: 789: 786: 785: 782: 781: 779: 776: 775: 773: 770: 769: 767:Osorio y BazĂĄn 763: 760: 759: 756: 755: 753: 751: 749: 746: 745: 743: 740: 739: 737: 731: 728: 727: 724: 723: 721: 718: 717: 715: 712: 711: 705: 702: 701: 698: 697: 695: 693: 691: 689: 687: 684: 683: 681: 678: 677: 675: 669: 666: 665: 662: 661: 659: 656: 655: 653: 650: 649: 645:21. Isabel de 643: 640: 639: 636: 635: 633: 631: 629: 626: 625: 623: 620: 619: 617: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 601: 598: 597: 595: 592: 591: 585: 582: 581: 578: 577: 575: 573: 571: 569: 567: 565: 563: 560: 559: 557: 554: 553: 551: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 535: 532: 531: 529: 526: 525: 519: 516: 515: 512: 511: 509: 507: 505: 502: 501: 499: 496: 495: 493: 491:Maria Salviati 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 477: 474: 473: 471: 468: 467: 461: 458: 457: 454: 453: 451: 449: 447: 445: 443: 440: 439: 437: 434: 433: 431: 425: 422: 421: 418: 417: 415: 412: 411: 409: 406: 405: 399: 396: 395: 392: 391: 389: 387: 385: 382: 381: 379: 376: 375: 373: 367: 364: 363: 360: 359: 357: 354: 353: 351: 348: 347: 341: 339: 337: 335: 333: 331: 329: 327: 325: 318: 317: 311: 309: 306: 249: 246: 205: 204: 199: 195: 194: 189: 185: 184: 179: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 126: 124: 120: 119: 113:(aged 35) 107: 103: 102: 80: 76: 75: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 40: 39: 31: 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2136: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2059: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1932: 1931: 1928: 1917: 1912: 1906: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1589:Princess Anna 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1534: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1502: 1493: 1492: 1485: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1450: 1449: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1425:17 April 1629 1424: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1402: 1396: 1393:Young, G.F.: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1346: 1343: 1340:, p. 37. 1339: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1318: 1311: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1261: 1258: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1220: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1203: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1003: 994: 993: 988: 987: 982: 976: 975: 972: 971: 966: 965: 960: 959: 956: 950: 949: 946: 945: 932: 931: 926: 925: 920: 914: 913: 910: 909: 904: 903: 898: 897: 894: 888: 887: 884: 883: 874: 873: 868: 867: 862: 856: 855: 852: 851: 846: 845: 840: 839: 836: 830: 829: 826: 825: 804: 803: 800: 799: 794: 788: 787: 784: 783: 778: 777: 772: 771: 768: 762: 761: 758: 757: 748: 747: 742: 741: 736: 730: 729: 726: 725: 720: 719: 714: 713: 710: 704: 703: 700: 699: 686: 685: 680: 679: 674: 668: 667: 664: 663: 658: 657: 652: 651: 648: 642: 641: 638: 637: 628: 627: 622: 621: 616: 610: 609: 606: 605: 600: 599: 594: 593: 590: 584: 583: 580: 579: 562: 561: 556: 555: 550: 544: 543: 540: 539: 534: 533: 528: 527: 524: 518: 517: 514: 513: 504: 503: 498: 497: 492: 486: 485: 482: 481: 476: 475: 470: 469: 466: 460: 459: 456: 455: 442: 441: 436: 435: 430: 424: 423: 420: 419: 414: 413: 408: 407: 404: 398: 397: 394: 393: 384: 383: 378: 377: 372: 366: 365: 362: 361: 356: 355: 350: 349: 346: 340: 324: 323: 320: 319: 315: 314: 307: 305: 303: 299: 295: 290: 288: 284: 279: 277: 272: 270: 265: 263: 259: 255: 247: 245: 243: 240:and his wife 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 220:. She became 219: 218:Medici family 215: 211: 203: 200: 196: 193: 190: 186: 183: 180: 178: 174: 171: 168: 164: 158: 129: 125: 121: 117: 109:17 April 1629 108: 104: 101: 97: 93: 92:Palazzo Pitti 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 60: 56: 52: 49: 45: 41: 37: 32: 27: 22: 2042: 2034: 2026: 2018: 2010: 2002: 1994: 1986: 1978: 1970: 1915: 1910: 1682: 1650: 1489: 1465: 1446: 1422: 1415: 1408: 1394: 1378: 1363:Young, p 387 1349:Young, p 530 1345: 1338:Parrott 1997 1333: 1325: 1320: 792: 291: 280: 273: 266: 251: 209: 208: 111:(1629-04-17) 2094:1629 deaths 2089:1593 births 2035:(1670–1703) 1995:(1587–1611) 296:and sister 152: / 130:, Florence 2058:Categories 1495:1627–1629 1471:1617–1626 1452:1617–1626 1418:2 May 1593 1312:References 765:23. Juana 226:Montferrat 140:11°15â€Č13″E 137:43°46â€Č30″N 89:2 May 1593 85:1593-05-02 48:Montferrat 2043:(1704–08) 2027:(1649–65) 2019:(1626–27) 2011:(1617–26) 1987:(1561–87) 1979:(1549–50) 1971:(1531–40) 707:22. Luis 308:Ancestors 294:Cosimo II 248:Biography 118:, Tuscany 287:smallpox 262:Florence 254:Lorraine 96:Florence 1371:Sources 298:Claudia 100:Tuscany 2003:(1612) 1421:  214:Tuscan 198:Mother 188:Father 166:Spouse 123:Burial 67:Tenure 54:Tenure 1423:Died: 1416:Born: 177:House 116:Siena 1683:none 1651:none 1255:31. 1223:15. 1197:30. 1135:29. 1103:14. 1077:28. 1011:27. 979:13. 953:26. 891:25. 859:12. 833:24. 733:11. 613:10. 587:20. 521:19. 463:18. 401:17. 343:16. 232:and 224:and 106:Died 79:Born 46:and 1383:doi 1161:7. 1037:3. 917:6. 791:1. 671:5. 547:2. 489:9. 427:4. 369:8. 2060:: 1354:^ 304:. 244:. 98:, 94:, 1949:e 1942:t 1935:v 1914:^ 1900:* 1894:* 1888:* 1882:* 1876:* 1870:* 1853:* 1847:* 1841:* 1835:* 1818:* 1812:* 1806:* 1789:* 1783:* 1766:* 1760:* 1743:* 1737:* 1731:* 1725:* 1719:* 1713:* 1707:* 1701:* 1569:^ 1532:e 1525:t 1518:v 1389:. 1385:: 87:) 83:(

Index

Catherine de' Medici

Duchess consort of Mantua
Montferrat
Palazzo Pitti
Florence
Tuscany
Siena
Basilica of San Lorenzo
43°46â€Č30″N 11°15â€Č13″E / 43.774991°N 11.253659°E / 43.774991; 11.253659
Ferdinand, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
House
House of Medici
Ferdinando I, Grand Duke of Tuscany
Christina of Lorraine
Tuscan
Medici family
Duchess of Mantua
Montferrat
Duke Ferdinando
Governor of Siena
Grand Duke Ferdinando I of Tuscany
Christina of Lorraine
Lorraine
the eponymous Queen of France
Florence
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
Grand Duke Ferdinando II
smallpox

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