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style, and turns of phrase in order to develop "a ready command of the language and easy modes of expression". In 1846, Beecher pronounced that women, not men, should educate children, and established schools for training teachers in
Western cities. She advocated that young ladies find godly work as Christian teachers away from the larger Eastern cities. The Board of National Popular Education, which was her idea, trained teachers in four-week sessions in Connecticut and then sent them out West. She believed that women had a higher calling to shape children and society. Along with a
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286:, to land west of the Mississippi River. In response, Beecher published a "Circular Addressed to the Benevolent Ladies of the U. States", dated December 25, 1829, calling on women to send petitions to Congress protesting the removal. In the circular, she wrote, "It has become almost a certainty that these people are to have their lands torn from them, and to be driven into western wilds and to final annihilation, unless the feelings of a humane and Christian nation shall be aroused to prevent the unhallowed sacrifice."
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females to be teachers of troubled children and also homemakers who care for and teach their families are at a counterbalance. Beecher did a lot of work as a writer to educate the general public. Beecher laid the groundwork for a lot of future Family and
Consumer Science Education. Many of her books like the Domestic Receipt Book helped people to learn how to manage their household budgets with ease.
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advocate of the inclusion of daily physical education, and developed a program of calisthenics that was performed to music. She also firmly believed in the benefits of reading aloud. Catherine
Beecher believed that tight corsets and bad eating habits ruined the young women's health. She believed the primary purpose of education was to develop a young child's basis for their conscience and morals.
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338:, published in 1869, Beecher and her sister presented a model home from a woman's perspective. The kitchen was inspired by a cook's galley in a steamship. A movable partition on wheels provided flexibility and privacy in the small home, and also served as a wardrobe. Chapters of the book discussing ventilation and heating anticipated modern central heating.
357:, a book that discussed the underestimated importance of women's roles in society. The book was edited and re-released the following year in its final form. Catharine Beecher was a strong advocate of the inclusion of daily physical education in women's schooling, and developed a program of calisthenics performed to music.
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322:, a former Congressman and then governor of Vermont. In 1852 she founded the American Women's Educational Association. Their goal was to recruit and train teachers for frontier schools and send women into the West to civilize the young. Their efforts became a model for future schools developed in the West.
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1823: Hartford Female
Seminary: Beecher co-founded the Hartford Female Seminary, which was a school to train women to be mothers and teachers. It began with one room and seven students; within three years, it grew to almost 100 students, with 10 rooms and 8 teachers. The school had small class sizes,
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Beecher believed that women have inherent qualities that make them the preferred gender as teachers. As men left teaching to pursue business and industry, she saw the untapped potential of educated women and encouraged education of women to fill the increasing need for teachers. She considered women
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Beecher strongly supported allowing children to simply be children and not prematurely forcing adulthood onto them. She believed that children lacked the experience needed to make important life decisions and that in order for them to become healthy self-sufficient adults, they needed to be allowed
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Beecher thought that women could best influence society as mothers and teachers, and did not want women to be corrupted by the evils of politics. She felt that men and women were put on the earth for separate reasons and accepted the view that women should not be involved in politics, but rather,
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in 1846. Beecher's views on education and women's work were also somewhat contradictory. She believed in the preparedness of female teachers to aid in their teaching of children from unfortunate homes. At the same time, she worked to teach mothers how to care for their families. The education of
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In 1831, Catharine
Beecher suggested that teachers read aloud to students from passages by writers with elegant styles, "to accustom the ear to the measurement of the sentences and the peculiar turns of expression". She went on to have the students imitate the piece just read using similar words,
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Beecher recognized public schools' responsibility to influence the moral, physical, and intellectual development of children. She promoted the expansion and development of teacher training programs, holding that teaching was more important to society than lawyers or doctors. Beecher was a strong
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Comprehending the deficiencies of existing textbooks, she prepared, primarily for use in her own school, some elementary books in arithmetic, a work on theology, and one on mental and moral philosophy. The last was never published, although printed and used as a college textbook.
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In 1862, John
Brinsley recommended that students analyze and imitate classical Greek and Latin models, while Beecher recommended English writers. They both believed that frequent practice and the study of important authors helped students acquire writing skills.
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It was claimed that hundreds of the best teachers the West received were sent under the patronage of this system. To a certain extent the plans succeeded, and were found beneficial, but the careers of the teachers were mostly short, for they soon married.
227:. She taught herself subjects not commonly offered to women, including math, Latin, and philosophy.She took over the domestic duties of her household at the age of 16, following her mother's death. In 1821, Beecher founded a school for women in
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were better for them than richer food. Ten of her pupils invited her to dine with them at a restaurant. She accepted the invitation, and the excellent dinner changed her views. Thereafter they were served with more palatable food.
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1852: The Ladies
Society for Promoting Education in the West founded colleges in Burlington, Iowa; Quincy, Illinois; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Milwaukee Female College changed names several times. Today, as Downer College of
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In 1837, Beecher retired from administrative work. After returning East she started the Ladies' Society for
Promoting Education in the West. In 1847 she co-founded the Board of National Popular Education with
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where advanced students taught other students. All classes were connected to general principles, and students were motivated to go beyond the classes' texts and instruction.
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The
American woman's home, or, Principles of domestic science : being a guide to the formation and maintenance of economical, healthful, beautiful, and Christian homes
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Miss
Beecher's housekeeper and healthkeeper: containing five hundred recipes for economical and healthful cooking; also, many directions for securing health and happiness
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An essay on the education of female teachers : written at the request of the American Lyceum and communicated at their annual meeting, New York, May 8th, 1835
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Woman's great mission is to train immature, weak, and ignorant creatures to obey the laws of God; the physical, the intellectual, the social, and the moral.
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Principles of Domestic Science as applied to the Duties and Pleasures of Home. A textbook for the use of young ladies in schools, seminaries, and colleges
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She was constantly making experiments, and practicing them upon the girls, weighing all their food before they ate it, holding that Graham flour and the
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to express themselves freely in an environment suited to children. It was these beliefs that led to her support of a system of kindergartens.
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Wright, E. A.; Halloran, S. M. (2001). "From rhetoric to composition: The teaching of writing in American to 1900". In Murphy, J. J. (ed.).
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Suggestions Respecting Improvements in Education, presented to the Trustees of the Hartford Female Seminary, and published at their request
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In the bill, Jackson requested that Congress approve the use of federal money to resettle southeastern American Indians, including the
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American authors, 1600–1900 a biographical dictionary of American literature; compl. in 1 vol. with 1300 biographies and 400 portraits
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Hershberger, Mary (1999-01-01). "Mobilizing Women, Anticipating Abolition: The Struggle against Indian Removal in the 1830s".
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To provide educational opportunities for others, in 1823 Beecher and her sister, Mary Foote Beecher Perkins, co-founded the
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Arithmetic Simplified; prepared for the use of primary schools, ladies' seminaries, and high schools. In three parts
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they would teach male children to be free thinkers and moral learners and help shape their political ideas. (See
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1092:. Hartford, Conn.: Harriet Beecher Stowe Center; New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2002, p. xiii,
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494:, it is the longest continuously operating college for women's higher education founded on the Beecher plan.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20031125234259/http://newman.baruch.cuny.edu/DIGITAL/2001/beecher/catherine.htm
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in 1852, an organization focused on furthering educational opportunities for women. She also founded the
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1115:. Hartford, Conn.: Harriet Beecher Stowe Center; New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2002,
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Miss Beecher's domestic receipt book; designed as a supplement to her treatise on donestic economy
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160:(September 6, 1800 – May 12, 1878) was an American educator known for her forthright opinions on
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True Remedy for the Wrongs of Women, with a History of an Enterprise having that for its Object
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231:. Catharine was engaged to marry Alexander M. Fisher, head of the Mathematics Department at
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The Elements of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Founded Upon Experience, Reason, and the Bible
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The Moral Instructor for Schools and Families: Containing Lessons on the Duties of life
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Woman's Profession as Mother and Educator, with Views in Opposition to Woman Suffrage
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An Essay on Slavery and Abolitionism with reference to the Duty of American Females
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A Treatise On Domestic Economy, for the Use of Young Ladies at Home, and at School
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219:. Beecher was educated at home until she was ten years old, when she was sent to
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A Treatise on Domestic Economy for the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School
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A Treatise on Domestic Economy for the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School
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Treatise on Domestic Economy for the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School,
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A short history of writing instruction: From ancient Greece to modern America
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as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of
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and Roxana (Foote) Beecher. Among her siblings were writer and abolitionist
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Advocacy for female education, incorporation of kindergarten into education
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Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective.
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Religious Training of Children in the School, the Family, and the Church
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The Evils Suffered by American women and Children: the Causes and Remedy
424:. She was also instrumental in the establishment of women's colleges in
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natural teachers, with teaching as an extension of their domestic role.
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Beecher, Catharine Esther; Beecher Stowe, Harriet; Tonkovich, Nicole.
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Beecher, Catharine Esther; Beecher Stowe, Harriet; Tonkovich, Nicole.
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An Appeal to the People, as the Authorized Interpreters of the Bible
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1135:"The Engines of Our Ingenuity, No. 1940: The American Woman's Home"
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Alexander Metcalf Fisher (1794-1822), fiancé of Catharine Beecher.
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847:. "Catharine Beecher and the Politics of Housework", featured in
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862:. MDC Series 33-2. Milwaukee: Centennial Publication, Nov. 1950.
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In 1829 and 1830, Beecher led a women's movement to protest the
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University of Iowa Libraries Special Collections & Archives
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in 1869. Some sources spell her first name as "Catherine".
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into children's education. She published the advice manual
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The Beechers: An American Family in the Nineteenth Century
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In 1832, Beecher moved with her father to Walnut Hills,
1219:"Catharine Beecher and the Education of American Women"
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Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections
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The Ladies Society for Promoting Education in the West
469:. The Cincinnati building has since been demolished.
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Neman Library: The American Beecher Family Tradition
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Physiology and Calisthenics for Schools and Families
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1382:Catharine Beecher: A Study in American Domesticity
1316:Catharine Beecher: A Study in American Domesticity
1443:Princeton University Library. Special Collections
860:The History of Milwaukee-Downer College 1851–1951
461:Three universities named buildings for Beecher:
420:in Cincinnati (along with her father Lyman) and
203:, the daughter of minister and religious leader
1422:. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
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289:Congress nevertheless passed the bill, and the
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1344:Biographical Dictionary of American Educators
682:Letters to the People on Health and Happiness
8:
1318:. Yale Univ Pr; First Edition. p. 137.
414:The American Woman's Educational Association
1012:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
602:The Duty of American Women to Their Country
375:The Duty of American Women to Their Country
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1526:PBS:The Story of American Public Education
1508:An American Family: The Beecher Tradition
1167:(May 13, 1878), accessed November 9, 2011.
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2991:People from East Hampton (town), New York
1722:Harriet Beecher Stowe House (Connecticut)
830:Educational reminiscences and suggestions
1346:. Vol. 1. London: Greenwood Press.
27:American educator and writer (1800–1878)
1539:. National Women's History Museum. 2015
1292:. Boston: Marsh, Capen, Lyon, and Webb.
878:
520:Letters on the Difficulties of Religion
199:Beecher was born September 6, 1800, in
1614:Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
1194:"Catharine Esther Beecher (1800-1878)"
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942:ledger.litchfieldhistoricalsociety.org
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593:Memoirs of her brother, George Beecher
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912:"Catherine Beecher and the Civil War"
869:Milwaukee: Sea King Publishing, 2003.
465:, The University of Connecticut, and
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1384:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
463:Central Connecticut State University
1717:Harriet Beecher Stowe House (Maine)
1591:Let Every Man Mind His Own Business
1491:Works by or about Catharine Beecher
341:On May 12, 1878, Beecher died from
1712:Harriet Beecher Stowe House (Ohio)
533:. Peter B. Gleason & Co. 1831.
349:Views on and advocacy of education
305:, where he became head of the new
25:
2996:American women's rights activists
1909:Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn
1403:. London: Yale University Press.
1288:Beecher, Catharine Esther. 1841.
523:. Hartford: Bellnap and Hamerley.
512:. Hartford: Packard & Butler.
267:Opposition to Indian Removal Bill
3006:Milwaukee-Downer College faculty
1790:Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame
720:Common Sense applied to Religion
364:Catharine Beecher, ca. 1858-1862
3011:Activists from New York (state)
1198:National Women's History Museum
1159:"Death of Catherine E. Beecher"
1029:The Journal of American History
1365:. New York: Harper & Row.
1064:"Resistance to Indian Removal"
566:. Philadelphia: Henry Perkins.
482:1832: Western Female Institute
1:
938:"Litchfield Ledger - Student"
404:Influential changes over time
3021:Suffragists from Connecticut
1738:James Bradley (former slave)
1380:Sklar, Kathryn Kish (1973).
1314:Sklar, Kathryn Kish (1973).
971:. New York Wilson. pp.
467:The University of Cincinnati
293:became law on May 28, 1830.
635:Truth Stranger than Fiction
542:. Hartford: D. F. Robinson.
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3016:Female critics of feminism
2880:Cora Lee Bentley Radcliffe
2092:Elizabeth Hart Jarvis Colt
1743:John Rankin (abolitionist)
1606:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
1537:"Catherine Esther Beecher"
1500:Works by Catharine Beecher
1482:Works by Catharine Beecher
1302:Wright & Halloran 2001
1180:Wright & Halloran 2001
353:In 1841 Beecher published
3026:American anti-suffragists
2751:
2740:
2458:
2447:
2201:
2190:
1844:Evelyn Longman Batchelder
1807:
1796:
1439:Beecher family collection
1269:History of American Women
1223:The New England Quarterly
1217:Burstyn, Joan N. (1974).
1112:The American Woman's Home
1089:The American Woman's Home
1068:www.digitalhistory.uh.edu
916:History of American Women
858:Grace Norton Kieckhefer.
379:The Domestic Receipt Book
336:The American Woman's Home
221:Litchfield Female Academy
171:The American Woman's Home
116:The American Woman's Home
39:
2926:Regina Winters-Toussaint
2724:Elizabeth George Plouffe
2218:Adrianne Baughns-Wallace
1874:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
1516:PBS Schoolhouse Pioneers
1015:. New York: D. Appleton.
965:Kunitz, Stanley (1938).
867:Downer Women, 1851–2001.
418:Western Female Institute
277:President Andrew Jackson
245:Hartford Female Seminary
187:Early life and education
158:Catharine Esther Beecher
53:Catharine Esther Beecher
34:Catharine Esther Beecher
18:Catharine Esther Beecher
2783:Clara Hill (suffragist)
2778:Sarah Lee Brown Fleming
2421:Martha Minerva Franklin
1914:Isabella Beecher Hooker
1748:Lane Debates on Slavery
1681:Isabella Beecher Hooker
1461:Yale University Library
1399:White, Barbara (2003).
1361:Rugoff, Milton (1981).
1342:Ohles, John F. (1978).
1141:. University of Houston
865:Carolyn King Stephens.
823:. New York: J. B. Ford.
791:. New York: J. B. Ford.
373:Beecher also published
225:Litchfield, Connecticut
211:, along with clergymen
2829:Khalilah L. Brown-Dean
2395:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
2291:Dotha Bushnell Hillyer
2128:Constance Baker Motley
1133:Culbertson, Margaret.
1006:"Beecher, Lyman"
783:Stowe, Harriet Beecher
754:Stowe, Harriet Beecher
451:Culture of Domesticity
365:
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229:New Haven, Connecticut
201:East Hampton, New York
196:
130:Roxana (Foote) Beecher
67:East Hampton, New York
2605:Margaret Bourke-White
2343:Mary Townsend Seymour
2275:Miriam Therese Winter
2159:Jane Hamilton-Merritt
1999:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1994:Hilda Crosby Standish
1989:Smiths of Glastonbury
1984:Virginia Thrall Smith
1919:Emeline Roberts Jones
1864:Katharine Seymour Day
1834:Beatrice Fox Auerbach
1696:William Henry Beecher
1691:James Chaplin Beecher
1622:The Minister's Wooing
1576:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1466:Beecher Family Papers
1457:Beecher family papers
1448:Beecher family papers
363:
249:Hartford, Connecticut
209:Harriet Beecher Stowe
194:
176:Harriet Beecher Stowe
139:Harriet Beecher Stowe
2839:Callie Gale Heilmann
2249:Maria Miller Stewart
2223:Mary Goodrich Jenson
2107:Laura Wheeler Waring
2004:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
1959:Theodate Pope Riddle
1934:Rachel Taylor Milton
586:. Boston: T.H. Webb.
434:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
313:Later life and death
2844:Jerimarie Liesegang
2563:Augusta Lewis Troup
2374:Glenna Collett-Vare
2317:Helen Frankenthaler
2143:Mabel Osgood Wright
2050:MarĂa ColĂłn Sánchez
2014:Hannah Bunce Watson
1964:Edna Negron Rosario
1924:Barbara B. Kennelly
1839:Emma Fielding Baker
1531:Lawrence University
1401:The Beecher Sisters
1265:"Catherine Beecher"
918:. December 21, 2013
887:"Catherine Beecher"
488:Lawrence University
297:Midlife in the West
273:Indian Removal Bill
2773:Catherine Flanagan
2768:Frances Ellen Burr
2667:Regina Rush-Kittle
2496:Isabelle M. Kelley
2480:Maggie Wilderotter
2400:Barbara McClintock
2390:Jewel Plummer Cobb
2244:Catherine Roraback
2019:Chase G. Woodhouse
1666:Henry Ward Beecher
1512:. Accessed 1/21/10
1164:The New York Times
395:Women as educators
386:Views on education
366:
291:Indian Removal Act
213:Henry Ward Beecher
197:
144:Henry Ward Beecher
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2947:Melissa Bernstein
2916:Laura Cruickshank
2885:Jennifer Rizzotti
2864:Teresa C. Younger
2763:Josephine Bennett
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2426:Carolyn M. Mazure
2265:Florence Griswold
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2071:Madeleine L'Engle
1974:Susan Saint James
1929:Clare Boothe Luce
1904:Katharine Hepburn
1859:Prudence Crandall
1849:Catharine Beecher
1756:
1755:
1686:Thomas K. Beecher
1661:Catharine Beecher
1598:Uncle Tom's Cabin
1486:Project Gutenberg
1121:978-0-8135-3078-9
1098:978-0-8135-3078-9
155:
154:
63:September 6, 1800
16:(Redirected from
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1944:Ellen Ash Peters
1889:Estelle Griswold
1869:Fidelia Fielding
1819:Mary Jobe Akeley
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430:Quincy, Illinois
426:Burlington, Iowa
412:Beecher founded
174:with her sister
162:female education
112:
97:Educator, writer
86:Elmira, New York
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2579:Beatrix Farrand
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2035:Helen M. Feeney
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1969:Margaret Rudkin
1879:Dorothy Goodwin
1829:Marian Anderson
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1229:(3): 386–403.
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2169:Ann Uccello
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1824:Anni Albers
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762:. New York.
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260:Graham diet
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2239:Laura Nyro
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1939:Alice Paul
1854:Jody Cohen
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1145:2019-01-29
1139:www.uh.edu
1073:2016-02-03
874:References
303:Cincinnati
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1949:Ann Petry
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182:Biography
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