270:
109:
329:
753:
The
Cathedral escarpment is an abrupt cliff on the westernmost edge of the Cathedral Formation. It was probably a submarine cliff that marked the edge of the original carbonate platform. It is approximately 100 to 300 metres (330 to 1000 feet) high and extends for about 100 kilometres (62 miles)
1189:
Vandeginste, V., Swennen, R., Gleeson, S.A., Ellam, R.M., Osadetz, K. and Roure, F. 2007. Geochemical constraints on the origin of the
Kicking Horse and Monarch Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits, southeast British Columbia, Canada. Miner Deposita, vol. 32,
762:, mudflows ran down and along the escarpment, trapping the Burgess shale organisms and burying them quickly at the base of the cliff. This prevented their decay, preserving their soft tissues as well as their hard parts in the Stephen Formation shales.
1265:
938:
Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of
Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM.
1056:
Fritz, W.H. 1990. Comments and replies on "The
Burgess Shale: Not in the shadow of the Cathedral escarpment"; Comment: In defense of the escarpment near the Burgess shale fossil locality. Geoscience Canada, vol. 13, no. 2, p.
1148:
Simandl, G.J. and
Hancock, J.D. 1991. Geology of the Mount Brussilof magnesite deposit, southeastern British Columbia (82J12, 13). Geological Fieldwork 1990, British Columbia Geological Survey Branch, Paper 1991-1, p.
1260:
1046:
Fletcher, T.P. and
Collins, D.H. 1998. The Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and its relationship to the Stephen Formation in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 35, p.
1270:
1019:
Conway Morris, S. and
Whittington, H.B. 1985. Fossils of the Burgess Shale, a national treasure in Yoho National Park, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Miscellaneous Report 43, 31 p.
975:"The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I., compilers), Chapter 8: Middle Cambrian and Early Ordovician Strata of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin"
1235:
770:
The
Cathedral Formation is present in the southern Canadian Rockies of southwestern Alberta and southeastern British Columbia. It reaches a maximum thickness of about 610 metres (2000 feet) at
1028:
Aitken, J.D. 1971. Control of lower
Paleozoic sedimentary facies by the Kicking Horse Rim, southern Rocky Mountains, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 557-569.
1275:
973:
Slind, O.L., Andrews, G.D., Murray, D.L., Norford, B.S., Paterson, D.F., Salas, C.J., and
Tawadros, E.E., Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Geological Survey (1994).
789:
To the west, the Cathedral Formation terminates abruptly against the shales of the Stephen Formation at the Cathedral escarpment. The formation thins eastward, grading into the
1180:
Ney, C.S. 1954. Monarch and Kicking Horse mines, Field, British Columbia. Guide book, 4th Annual Field Conference Banff-Golden-Radium. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists.
1619:
1228:
999:
1135:
1634:
1252:
1221:
705:. The Cathedral escarpment on its westernmost edge is thought to have played a major role in the deposition and preservation of the Burgess shale fossils.
213:
1037:
Aitken, J.D. 1997. Stratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian platformal succession, southern Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 398, 322 p.
974:
1609:
1199:
Leckie, D.A. 2017. Rocks, ridges and rivers – Geological wonders of Banff, Yoho, and Jasper National Parks. Brokenpoplars, Calgary, Alberta, 217 pp.
1644:
1614:
741:
in many areas. The formation also includes several beds of shale with fossil trilobites that establish its age and stratigraphic relationships by
621:
1204:
818:
956:
Walcott, C.D. 1908. Nomenclature of some Cambrian Cordilleran formations. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. 53, no. 1, 14 pp.
1629:
655:
944:
1244:
1332:
341:
1322:
568:
1654:
1649:
1398:
679:
411:
388:
351:
206:
1639:
614:
1533:
1604:
1452:
675:
667:
300:
290:
1327:
868:
485:
346:
978:
1435:
1371:
872:
864:
1624:
794:
607:
1568:
1472:
1462:
1425:
1376:
1072:"A new Burgess Shale-type assemblage from the "thin" Stephen Formation of the southern Canadian Rockies"
775:
150:
1430:
1578:
1467:
1447:
1083:
587:
1405:
1113:
1366:
908:
113:
The Cathedral Formation and Cathderal Escarpment form the grey mountain in the distance, with the
1543:
1511:
1494:
1361:
892:
860:
829:
755:
726:
671:
554:
527:
130:
1558:
1489:
1410:
1393:
1388:
1200:
1129:
993:
940:
826:
783:
759:
368:
140:
1484:
1420:
1353:
1305:
1291:
1091:
790:
779:
651:
643:
257:
154:
1583:
1553:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1506:
1501:
1479:
1296:
841:
837:
833:
742:
738:
663:
398:
393:
181:
28:
1087:
1548:
1538:
1415:
1071:
875:(MVT) deposits. They were mined intermittently for more than 60 years. The primary ore
798:
734:
714:
659:
501:
477:
460:
378:
118:
1598:
1383:
771:
686:
519:
441:
382:
320:
114:
67:
24:
1457:
1442:
1337:
1213:
639:
536:
108:
1160:
1317:
593:
435:
42:
1070:
Caron, J. -B.; Gaines, R. R.; Mangano, M. G.; Streng, M.; Daley, A. C. (2010).
758:, although only small portions of it are exposed. During the deposition of the
328:
884:
582:
506:
470:
430:
87:
52:
229:
215:
1573:
810:
730:
718:
702:
425:
177:
92:
36:
1343:
690:
512:
495:
419:
194:
82:
77:
62:
57:
47:
900:
876:
725:. Deposition took place in shallow water on an extensive algal reef or
647:
191:
97:
72:
1095:
896:
888:
880:
856:
713:
The Cathedral Formation consists primarily of massive, cliff-forming
275:
722:
698:
694:
904:
852:
848:
1217:
867:. They were discovered in 1884 during the construction of the
822:
817:) at Mt. Brussilof, about 35 km (22 miles) northwest of
793:
beneath the Alberta plains. To the north it grades into the
327:
836:
methods since 1982. The ore is processed to produce
1352:
1284:
1251:
774:. It is in gradational contact with the underlying
729:that had developed along the western margin of the
296:
286:
281:
263:
253:
205:
200:
187:
173:
168:
160:
146:
136:
126:
18:
907:can still be seen along the cliffs that flank the
721:, much of which may have been secreted by marine
1229:
615:
8:
998:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
766:Distribution and stratigraphic relationships
1134:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1065:
1063:
1236:
1222:
1214:
809:The Cathedral Formation hosts deposits of
622:
608:
308:
107:
15:
1107:
1105:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
968:
966:
964:
962:
685:The Cathedral Formation includes fossil
1620:Geologic formations of British Columbia
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
920:
318:
1127:
991:
847:The formation also hosts deposits of
7:
1266:Frontier exploration and development
1635:Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
797:. It is equivalent to the thinner
14:
1112:Alberta Geological Survey, 2019.
903:. The abandoned mine portals and
733:. The limestone was subsequently
717:. It was originally deposited as
1610:Cambrian System of North America
1245:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
656:Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
268:
832:masses that have been mined by
1645:Limestone formations of Canada
1615:Geologic formations of Alberta
1:
1114:"Alberta Table of Formations"
654:, on the western edge of the
569:Cambrian substrate revolution
891:, which are associated with
658:. It is a thick sequence of
389:Mount Stephen trilobite beds
1301:Northwestern Alberta Plains
825:consists of magnesite-rich
754:running through and around
1671:
1116:. Alberta Energy Regulator
697:remains, as well as a few
164:Up to 610 metres (2000 ft)
1630:Cambrian British Columbia
1161:"Baymag Company Overview"
821:in British Columbia. The
782:, and with the overlying
676:Charles Doolittle Walcott
301:Charles Doolittle Walcott
106:
23:
1328:Northern Rocky Mountains
869:Canadian Pacific Railway
709:Lithology and deposition
678:, the discoverer of the
1314:North-central foothills
1261:Oil sands and heavy oil
873:Mississippi Valley-Type
865:Field, British Columbia
795:Snake Indian Formation
666:age. It was named for
363:Geology and localities
332:
230:51.39639°N 116.39028°W
731:North American Craton
680:Burgess shale fossils
642:unit in the southern
549:Evolutionary concepts
331:
151:Mount Whyte Formation
1285:Depositional regions
749:Cathedral escarpment
588:Convergent evolution
235:51.39639; -116.39028
1655:Mudstone formations
1650:Dolomite formations
1271:Natural gas liquids
1253:Hydrocarbon history
1088:2010Geo....38..811C
909:Transcanada Highway
636:Cathedral Formation
374:Cathedral Formation
313:Part of a series on
241:Cathedral Formation
225: /
25:Stratigraphic range
19:Cathedral Formation
1640:Yoho National Park
861:Kicking Horse Pass
819:Radium Hot Springs
805:Economic resources
756:Yoho National Park
727:carbonate platform
672:Yoho National Park
668:Cathedral Mountain
555:Cambrian explosion
528:Small shelly fauna
333:
291:Cathedral Mountain
121:in the foreground.
1592:
1591:
1311:North-east Plains
1205:978-0-9959082-0-8
784:Stephen Formation
780:Naiset Formations
760:Stephen Formation
632:
631:
369:Stephen Formation
307:
306:
141:Stephen Formation
1662:
1605:Cambrian Alberta
1354:Canadian Rockies
1306:Canadian Rockies
1292:Southern Alberta
1238:
1231:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1096:10.1130/G31080.1
1067:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1004:
1003:
997:
989:
987:
986:
977:. Archived from
970:
957:
954:
948:
936:
791:Earlie Formation
652:British Columbia
644:Canadian Rockies
624:
617:
610:
381:(containing the
309:
274:
272:
271:
258:Canadian Rockies
249:
248:
246:
245:
244:
242:
237:
236:
231:
226:
223:
222:
221:
218:
155:Naiset Formation
111:
102:
39:
16:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1584:Canadian Shield
1426:Spray River GRP
1348:
1297:Central Alberta
1280:
1247:
1242:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1007:
990:
984:
982:
972:
971:
960:
955:
951:
937:
922:
917:
842:Exshaw, Alberta
838:magnesium oxide
816:
807:
768:
751:
743:biostratigraphy
715:carbonate rocks
711:
664:Middle Cambrian
660:carbonate rocks
628:
599:
598:
550:
542:
541:
502:Anomalocaridids
456:
448:
447:
414:
404:
403:
399:Stanley Glacier
394:Odaray Mountain
364:
356:
269:
267:
240:
238:
234:
232:
228:
227:
224:
219:
216:
214:
212:
211:
122:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
34:
33:
31:
29:Middle Cambrian
12:
11:
5:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1473:Livingstone FM
1470:
1465:
1463:Etherington FM
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:Sulphur Mt MBR
1433:
1431:Whitehorse MBR
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:Belly River FM
1374:
1364:
1358:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:South-central
1302:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1192:
1182:
1173:
1151:
1141:
1101:
1082:(9): 811–814.
1059:
1049:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1005:
958:
949:
919:
918:
916:
913:
814:
806:
803:
801:to the south.
799:Elko Formation
767:
764:
750:
747:
710:
707:
630:
629:
627:
626:
619:
612:
604:
601:
600:
597:
596:
590:
585:
579:
578:
576:
572:
571:
565:
564:
562:
558:
557:
551:
548:
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544:
543:
540:
539:
533:
532:
530:
524:
523:
516:
509:
504:
499:
491:
490:
488:
482:
481:
478:Vernanimalcula
474:
466:
465:
463:
461:Ediacara biota
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
438:
433:
428:
423:
415:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
379:Walcott Quarry
376:
371:
365:
362:
361:
358:
357:
355:
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344:
338:
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324:
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265:
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209:
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158:
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138:
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133:
128:
124:
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119:Walcott Quarry
112:
104:
103:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
40:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1667:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Burgess Shale
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:Fairholme GRP
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Kananaskis FM
1446:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:Blairmore GRP
1404:
1400:
1399:Blackstone FM
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Fort St. John
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
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1289:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
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1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1001:
995:
981:on 2016-07-01
980:
976:
969:
967:
965:
963:
959:
953:
950:
946:
945:0-920230-23-7
942:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
921:
914:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
828:
824:
820:
812:
804:
802:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:Mount Stephen
765:
763:
761:
757:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
708:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:stromatolites
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:stratigraphic
637:
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
606:
605:
603:
602:
595:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
577:
574:
573:
570:
567:
566:
563:
560:
559:
556:
553:
552:
546:
545:
538:
537:Helcionellids
535:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
520:Odontogriphus
517:
515:
514:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
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493:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
475:
473:
472:
468:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
455:Key organisms
452:
451:
444:
443:
442:Odontogriphus
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
421:
417:
416:
413:
408:
407:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
384:
383:Phyllopod bed
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
360:
359:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
337:
336:
330:
326:
325:
322:
321:Burgess Shale
317:
314:
311:
310:
302:
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
280:
277:
266:
262:
259:
256:
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210:
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145:
142:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
120:
116:
115:Burgess Shale
110:
105:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
35:509–500
30:
26:
22:
17:
1564:Cathedral FM
1563:
1453:Tunnel Mt FM
1416:Kootenay GRP
1338:Saskatchewan
1195:
1185:
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1154:
1144:
1118:. Retrieved
1079:
1075:
1052:
1042:
1033:
1024:
983:. Retrieved
979:the original
952:
846:
808:
788:
769:
752:
712:
693:, and other
684:
635:
633:
594:crown groups
518:
511:
494:
486:Burgess-type
476:
469:
440:
418:
373:
342:Preservation
312:
282:Type section
1569:Mt Whyte FM
1544:Arctomys FM
1512:Southesk FM
1495:Palliser FM
1384:Alberta GRP
1367:Brazeau GRP
1362:Paskapoo FM
1323:Fort Nelson
1318:Liard River
1276:Natural gas
1159:Anonymous.
776:Mount Whyte
233: /
220:116°23′25″W
207:Coordinates
1599:Categories
1559:Stephen FM
1490:Wabamun FM
1468:Mt Head FM
1458:Rundle GRP
1421:Fernie GRP
1411:Cadomin FM
1394:Cardium FM
1389:Wapiabi FM
1372:St Mary FM
985:2018-07-13
915:References
885:sphalerite
871:, and are
703:trilobites
701:beds with
583:Cladistics
507:Halwaxiids
471:Kimberella
436:Opabiniids
431:Halwaxiids
426:Radiodonts
239: (
217:51°23′47″N
192:Calcareous
1579:Miette FM
1534:Outram FM
1485:Exshaw FM
1443:Ishbel FM
1308:foothills
840:(MgO) at
830:carbonate
811:magnesite
719:limestone
691:oncolites
592:Stem and
287:Named for
178:Limestone
169:Lithology
161:Thickness
137:Underlies
131:Formation
1554:Eldon FM
1529:Skoki FM
1522:Flume FM
1517:Cairn FM
1502:Alexo FM
1480:Banff FM
1344:Manitoba
1342:Western
1190:913-935.
1149:269-278.
1130:cite web
1057:106-118.
1047:413-436.
994:cite web
895:, minor
893:dolomite
877:minerals
863:east of
834:open-pit
739:dolomite
513:Opabinia
496:Marrella
420:Marrella
297:Named by
201:Location
195:mudstone
182:Dolomite
147:Overlies
1574:Gog GRP
1549:Pika FM
1539:Lynx FM
1084:Bibcode
1076:Geology
901:calcite
859:in the
735:altered
648:Alberta
412:Fossils
352:History
264:Country
174:Primary
1203:
1166:2 July
1120:2 July
943:
899:, and
897:quartz
889:galena
887:, and
881:pyrite
857:silver
855:, and
827:sparry
575:Themes
561:Trends
303:, 1908
276:Canada
273:
254:Region
905:adits
813:(MgCO
723:algae
699:shale
695:algal
638:is a
347:Biota
188:Other
1201:ISBN
1168:2019
1136:link
1122:2019
1000:link
941:ISBN
879:are
853:zinc
849:lead
778:and
650:and
634:The
319:The
127:Type
117:and
43:PreꞒ
1092:doi
823:ore
737:to
674:by
670:in
662:of
646:of
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98:N
88:K
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