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1125:
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31:
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525:. A Shrine erected in honor of Mary under this title was inaugurated in 2014. Reports of unusually radiant, glowing rosary beads were followed by a number of brief visions of Our Lady appearing to housewife and mother-of-two Gladys Motta developed into a series of interior locutions over several years, beginning on October 13 the anniversary of apparitions at
776:
129:
indicates that the practice of meeting together was an important part of the
Christian faith from the very early days: "let us not give up the habit of meeting together... instead, let us encourage one another all the more" (Hebrews 10:25). Prior to the fourth century, Christians worshiped in private
619:
is a key national and religious icon in Mexico. The series of Marian churches on
Tepeyac hill that have housed the tilma since 1531 have received an ever-increasing number of pilgrims and the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe (one of the largest churches in the world) was constructed in 1974 to
332:) is still played from the top of the taller of St. Mary's two towers, the noon-time hejnał being heard across Poland and abroad broadcast live by the Polish national Radio 1 Station. St. Mary's in Kraków also served as an architectural model for many of the churches that were built by the
483:, Italy, has a similar story. In 1490 a peasant Benedetto Pareto reported that the Virgin Mary had asked him to build a chapel on a mountain. Pareto reported that he replied that he was only a poor man and would not be able to do that, but he was told by the Virgin Mary:
2296:
404:
in 1858. Both saints reported visions in which a miraculous lady on a hill asked them to request that the local priests build a chapel at that site of the vision. Both visions had a reference to roses and led to very large churches being built at the sites. Like
440:, 1917. The local administrator initially jailed the children and threatened that he would boil them one by one in a pot of oil. Yet, eventually with millions of followers and Catholic believers, the reported visions at Fatima gathered respect and Popes
265:, the major Marian churches receive over 30 million pilgrims per year. In December 2009, the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe set a new record with 6.1 million pilgrims during Friday and Saturday for the anniversary of Our Lady of Guadalipe.
1338:
in Buenos Aires province, Argentina was inaugurated May 25, 2014. It houses an historical statue of Our Lady identified by private revelations to a lay woman of the diocese that occurred over a number of years, and were documented in a book by
387:
There are remarkable similarities in the accounts of the reported visions which have led to the construction of the churches. Two cases in point are the largest Marian churches in Mexico and France, based on the reported Marian apparitions to
533:
carrying the Christ Child. Occurring at the close of the twentieth century the messages mirror those given at the beginning of the twentieth century to young shepherds in
Portugal where the Virgin Mary reportedly identified herself as the
1042:
was built to give thanks to thank the Virgin Mary for the city's deliverance from the plague. The church is full of Marian symbolism – the great dome represents her crown, and the eight sides the eight points on her symbolic star.
257:(not a Marian shrine) and Our Lady of Aparecida in Brazil. While in 1968 Aparecida had about four million pilgrims, the number has since reached eight million pilgrims per year. Given the millions of visitors per year to
1023:, Spain, is a Baroque church built upon previous churches at the same site, dating back to the Romanesque period. Being a large rectangle with a nave and two aisles, with two other all-brick chapels, it has a typically
556:
Major Marian churches at times house major Marian symbols or icons and the interplay between churches and these symbols can reinforce the effect of Marian devotions. For instance, the
Borghese or Pauline Chapel of the
2220:
1163:. The original plans called for a gothic structure, but were changed in 1918. It was decided at that time to build a structure with a Romanesque exterior and a Byzantine-style interior. From 1974 to 1976, a new
1121:
The modern period has witnessed unprecedented growth both for Marian churches and for papal and popular support for
Marilogy, with a significant increase in the number of pilgrims to Marian shrines.
909:
in 1436 and was the first 'octagonal' dome in history to be built without a wooden supporting frame and was the largest dome built at the time (it is still the largest masonry dome in the world).
538:
Following approval of the spiritual merits by local religious authorities, a new church dedicated to Marian devotion under this title was erected as requested by Our Lady during the apparitions.
1236:
which was formed with a $ 25 donation for a typewriter in 1949 and now has thousands of volunteers who have distributed hundreds of millions of free rosaries to
Catholic missions worldwide.
380:
have resulted in the construction of major Marian churches. Some of the very largest
Catholic Marian churches in the world did not start based on a decisions made by informed theologians in
1141:
1129:
223:
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dealt with the major objection to Mary's sinlessness from conception, that being her need for redemption. Popes issued degrees and authorized feasts and processions in honor of Mary.
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518:
1183:. It is the most important pilgrimage site in Mexico and perpetual adoration takes place there by many people. By using its atrium, 40,000 people can attend mass at the basilica.
810:
is also a good example of a French Gothic cathedral. Its two contrasting spires and the complex flying buttresses that surround it capture key architectural elements of the time.
575:
carried from Santa Maria
Maggiore through Rome to initiate the first Marian year in Church history. In 1954, the icon was crowned by Pius XII as he introduced a new Marian feast
337:
66:
The construction and dedication of Marian churches is often indicative of the
Mariological trends within a period, such as a papal reign. For instance, the 1955 rededication by
2206:
615:(cloak) of Saint Juan Diego on which the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe is said to have been miraculously imprinted, where he had gathered roses. Saint Juan Diego's
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359:
stated: "Thanks to the countless Marian shrines dotting the nations of the continent, devotion to Mary is very strong and widespread among the peoples of Europe."
1240:
59:, and today they can be found on every continent including Antarctica. The history of Marian church architecture tells the unfolding story of the development of
1756:
1155:
Two major Marian
Basilicas were built in North America during the 20th Century in the capital cities of Mexico and the U.S. The first was the Basilica of the
1046:
Baroque literature on Mary experienced unforeseen growth with over 500 pages of Mariological writings during the 17th century alone with contributors such as
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1156:
355:
Popes have at times viewed the existence of Marian churches as a key to the spread of Marian devotions, e.g. as he entrusted Europe to the Virgin Mary, Pope
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shows the Gothic style of design at its height. The basilica is a good example of late gothic architecture with many Renaissance elements and adornments.
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1995:
178:, date from the first part of the fifth century and house some of the earliest forms of public Marian art. The church of Santa Maria Maggiore is now a
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that surrounds it and its imposing triple-aisled vaulted design influenced the development of Romanesque architecture in the 11th and 12th centuries.
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but based on the statements of young and less-than-sophisticated people about their religious experiences on remote (and often unheard of) hilltops.
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736:. It combines the work of three design periods: the heavy and severe character of the Romanesque nave contrasting with the Transitional work of the
522:
1939:
1375:
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1175:, was built next to the 1709 church which was no longer safe due to weakened foundations. Both buildings are at the site of the apparition of
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814:, where the kings of France were once crowned, exemplifies the heavier Gothic architecture present in the northern Franco-Germanic areas.
145:, and resulted in both architectural and artistic development. In the following decades, congregations built churches for public worship.
796:. Its sculptures and stained glass show the heavy influence of naturalism, giving them a more secular look that was lacking from earlier
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75:
487:. After falling from a tree, Pareto changed his mind and built a small wooden room that was eventually enlarged to the present shrine.
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246:
96:
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371:
1914:
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Giovanni Meriana, Guida ai santuari della Liguria (Guide of shrines in Liguria), Sagep Editrice publisher, Genoa (Italy), 1990.
1943:
1918:
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This early period, also included growth and development in other aspects of Mariology, with activities by key figures such as
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The progress of Marian church architectures manifests both the progress of architecture and the spread of Marian devotions.
134:
was issued in 313, Christians were permitted to worship and build churches openly. The generous and systematic patronage of
567:, which has historically been the most important Catholic Marian art icon in Rome. On 1 April 1899, Eugenio Pacelli (later
3139:
1630:
867:(1265–1268) created a poem on the seven joys of Mary, which in its form is considered an early version of the Franciscan
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And the trend has continued. The first approval for a Marian apparition in the 21st century was granted to the reported
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If there is a single Marian location that captures several types of architecture, it is the area surrounding the
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A good example of the continuation of Marian traditions from the Gothic period to the present day is found at
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1999:
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985:
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288:
231:
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3325:
3315:
3144:
3046:
3015:
2932:
2705:
2598:
2241:
1275:
1272:
1203:
997:
662:
650:
628:
526:
469:
349:
1895:
3437:
3020:
2995:
2963:
2917:
2892:
2837:
2622:
2465:
2281:
2259:
2023:
1268:
1176:
1063:
1028:
898:
884:
852:
600:
510:(who could not read or write) reported that a lady in white appeared to her on a remote mountain top in
410:
393:
284:
529:. Specific messages led to the discovery—and restoration to veneration—of a long-neglected statue of a
433:
156:
may be one of the earliest Marian churches and is dated to the early 5th century, coinciding with the
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1343:, and subsequently approved as "worthy of belief" by the local ordinary Bishop Cardella in May 2016.
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and eventually modern Marian church architectures may be viewed as a manifestation of the growth of
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2181:
Architecture in Communion: Implementing the Second Vatican Council through Liturgy and Architecture
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939:
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785:
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Bishop Cardelli approved as "worthy of belief" the apparitions associated with the Marian image of
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2537:
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307:– just as the development of Marian art and music were a reflection of the growing trends in the
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183:
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60:
324:
1976:
A Roskovany, conceptu immacolata ex monumentis omnium seculrorum demonstrate III, Budapest 1873
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emerged and became staples of monastic plainsong. Devotional practices grew in number. The
665:, is a very modern building that was completed in 1958 and is almost entirely underground.
245:
Some Marian churches are major pilgrimage sites. According to Bishop Francesco Giogia, the
230:, Brazil, is now the second-largest Catholic place of worship in the world, second only to
3098:
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3000:
2502:
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2472:
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1902:
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970:
902:
864:
834:
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107:
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wrote his highly influential Marian books that influenced several popes centuries later.
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222:, have seen significant additions to their art and architecture over the centuries. The
17:
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2413:
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1444:
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906:
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179:
166:, God-bearer, for the Mother of Christ was decided. The first Marian churches in Rome:
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in 431. It may have been built specifically for the council, during which the title of
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1964:
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in the 19th century. The "Basilica of the Immaculate Conception" known widely as the
571:) celebrated his first Holy Mass there. Almost 50 years later, in 1953, Pius XII had
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67:
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This period also saw the growth of lay Marian devotional organizations such as free
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were equally young and without much education when they reported the apparition of
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235:
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complex is one of the largest and most visited Catholic churches in the Americas.
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1280:
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943:
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616:
612:
250:
78:, was a reflection of his being called "the most Marian pope". A year earlier,
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1787:
1634:
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1031:, characteristic of the buildings of the region from the 17th century onwards.
193:
Some of the early Roman churches were quite small. An example is the church of
3558:
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1259:
1094:
1078:
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at the very moment of her conception began to predominate, particularly after
580:
367:
83:
48:
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1657:
Mariology: A Guide for Priests, Deacons, seminarians, and Consecrated Persons
1390:
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in Florence is another example of the beginnings of the early Renaissance.
818:
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accommodate the over 5 million pilgrims that arrive there every year.
1327:
and eleventh in the World. It houses a 200-year-old painting known as the
1186:
Other Marian churches started to appear around the globe. The Basilica of
3501:
3442:
2425:
2403:
1798:
1610:
Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia, Volume 1
1445:
The Canons of the Two Hundred Holy and Blessed Fathers Who Met at Ephesus
1207:
1191:
1020:
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and one of the largest Romanesque churches in the world. The distinctive
708:
503:
71:
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1194:, China, as the largest Christian church building in East Asia. The new
1008:
is a good example of a Marian church in Rome that progressed beyond the
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1293:
1168:
1102:
950:
775:
733:
729:
719:
345:
308:
253:
was the most visited Catholic shrine in the world in 1999, followed by
153:
2092:
Mannerism: The Crisis of the Renaissance and the Origins of Modern Art
1034:
Some Marian churches are built as a response to specific events, e.g.
3447:
2581:
1324:
1320:
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of Pope Pius X commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of the dogma of
1229:
1199:
1133:
1098:
1039:
1024:
868:
704:
596:
319:
1101:
was introduced in 1716, the feast of the Seven Sorrows in 1727. The
186:(celebrated each 15 August) and the church includes major pieces of
2053:
Italian Renaissance Architecture: from Brunelleschi to Michelangelo
693:, an ancient Roman sculpture which draws many visitors every year.
2950:
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1996:"The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception"
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1212:
1123:
984:
924:
878:
826:
807:
774:
627:
545:
480:
366:
272:
106:
29:
1737:
Theology In Stone: Church Architecture From Byzantium to Berkeley
682:
381:
38:
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2202:
1859:
Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia
1066:
was the subject of over 300 publications. In this period Saint
657:, was consecrated in 1876 and is an elaborate building in the
1813:
What Mary Means to Christians: An Ancient Tradition Explained
502:
in France from 1664 to 1718. The approval was granted by the
1861:, Volume 1 by Linda Kay Davidson, David Martin Gitlitz 2002
1500:
Image and Relic: Mediating the Sacred in Early Medieval Rome
938:
is an example of the progression of architecture beyond the
1679:
by Raymond F. Bulman, Frederick J. Parrella 2006 Oxford UP
1304:
took the step of addressing the role of the Virgin Mary as
792:. It was among the first buildings in the world to use the
1768:
Moved by Mary: The Power of Pilgrimage in the Modern World
464:
voiced their acceptance of the supernatural origin of the
215:
portraying the Virgin Mary as a Queen in the 6th century.
82:
had proclaimed that title for the Virgin Mary in his 1954
55:. These churches were built throughout the history of the
207:
used Santa Maria Antiqua in the early 8th century as the
1579:
Eternal Word Television Network, Global Catholic Network
1142:
Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida
224:
Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida
197:(i.e. ancient St. Mary) built in the 5th century in the
95:
is an example of how the interplay between churches and
211:. This church includes the earliest Roman depiction of
182:, where the pope presides over the annual Feast of the
1085:
declared in 1661, that the soul of Mary was free from
238:. In 1984 it was officially declared as "the largest
591:
Perhaps the ultimate example of this interplay is on
855:. Gradually the idea that Mary had been cleansed of
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2438:
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2313:
2304:
2240:
2078:
A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method
413:is a major Catholic symbol in Mexico. And like the
2736:Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás
1985:F Zöpfl, Barocke Frömmigkeit, in Marienkunde, 577
1612:by Linda Kay Davidson, David Martin Gitlitz 2002
1251:both took major steps in establishing new Marian
2752:Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paray-le-Monial
1520:Icons and Power: the Mother of God in Byzantium
1097:for the whole Church in 1708. The feast of the
897:Marian architecture is the Dome of Basilica of
1241:Marian papal encyclicals and Apostolic Letters
1148:in the world and is surpassed in size only by
514:and asked her for a church to be built there.
2822:
2214:
1808:
1806:
1757:Vatican website: Marian entrustment of Europe
1319:was constructed between 1994 and 2004. It is
949:This period also saw unprecedented growth in
732:is one of the key architectural monuments in
322:. On every hour, a trumpet signal called the
8:
2731:Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei
2691:Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar
2155:The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia
1963:Ludwig Ott, Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma,
1831:
1829:
1157:National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception
689:Marian church. It is the site of the famous
2037:The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance
1770:by Anna-Karina Hermkens, Willy Jansen 2009
99:reinforces the effect of Marian devotions.
3467:
3196:
3117:
2904:
2829:
2815:
2807:
2696:Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal
2673:
2310:
2221:
2207:
2199:
1854:
1852:
1836:The Catholic Almanac's Guide to the Church
1323:'s largest church, the seventh largest in
506:in May 2008. Again, in this case, a young
328:(meaning "St. Mary's dawn" and pronounced
283:Through the centuries, the progression of
70:of the church of Saint James the Great in
3253:Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church
2126:, 1997, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc..
1815:by Peter Stravinskas 2012, Paulist Press
1561:by J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann 2003
1334:Begun in 1987 the Sanctuary dedicated to
599:, the site of the reported apparition of
47:are religious buildings dedicated to the
2772:Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel
2721:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces of Onuva
2108:Brigitte Hintzen-Bohlen, Jurgen Sorges,
1420:
1418:
472:is now a major Marian church in Europe.
1823:chapter on "Lourdes, Fatima, Guadalupe"
1540:Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe
1474:
1472:
1368:
788:Cathedral is a prime example of French
517:In May 2016, the local ordinary of the
396:, (Guadalupe) Mexico in 1531 and Saint
477:Shrine of Nostra Signora della Guardia
269:Progression of architecture and belief
1402:Early Christian Art and Architecture
1336:Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás
1218:Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás
523:Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás
519:Diocese of San Nicolás de los Arroyos
309:veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary
7:
1329:Our Lady of Sorrows, Queen of Poland
2767:Shrine of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
2141:An Outline of European Architecture
2039:. Toronto: D.C. Heath and Company.
1699:, 1979 by Harvard Student Agencies
1232:distribution groups. An example is
1073:Baroque Mariology was supported by
905:. The cathedral was consecrated by
76:Mary, Queen of the World, Cathedral
1204:Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria
1027:style and is illuminated by large
1017:Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar
25:
2686:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
2184:. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
2122:Janson, H.W., Anthony F. Janson,
1799:Pilgrims to Our Lady of Guadalupe
1165:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
1105:prayer was strongly supported by
890:Perhaps the key example of early
829:Italy is an excellent example of
609:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
551:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
419:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
247:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
3612:
3601:
3600:
2891:
2789:
2711:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
2295:
2027:: "Ecclesiastical Architecture"
921:Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)
842:Notre-Dame Cathedral, Luxembourg
643:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
415:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
372:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
363:Apparition-based Marian churches
3641:Roman Catholic church buildings
2716:Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help
2706:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima
1946:from the original on 2009-12-12
1921:from the original on 2009-11-20
1404:by R. L. P. Milburn (Feb 1991)
1313:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lichen
1271:, and Pope Pius XII issued the
1196:Immaculate Conception Cathedral
914:Basilica of Santa Maria Novella
470:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima
130:due to persecutions. After the
3580:Saint Luke painting the Virgin
3001:Miracle at the Wedding at Cana
2996:Finding of Jesus in the Temple
2726:Shrine of Our Lady of the Hens
1631:"Zenith News 14 December 2009"
1412:Univ California Press page 303
1:
2757:Sanctuary of the Divine Mercy
2051:Henry A. Millon, ed. (1994).
2035:Bartlett, Kenneth R. (1992).
1718:Polish folktales and folklore
1425:Encyclopedia of Sacred Places
851:issue in this period was the
542:Churches, icons and devotions
37:, the first Marian church in
2762:Sanctuary of Christ the King
1427:by Norbert C. Brockman 2011
348:, designed in the so-called
141:changed the fortunes of the
2611:Chaplet of the Divine Mercy
1739:by Richard Kieckhefer 2004
1518:Bissera V. Pentcheva, 2006
611:on Tepeyac hill houses the
430:Jacinta and Francisco Marto
424:Three Portuguese children,
316:St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków
311:in the Catholic tradition.
278:St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków
3667:
3651:Shrines to the Virgin Mary
1592:by Roberta C. Wigder 1977
1353:Shrines to the Virgin Mary
1181:Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin
767:prayer gained popularity.
707:, Germany, is an imposing
605:Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin
27:Type of religious building
3596:
3199:
3047:Bilocation to Saint James
2889:
2784:
2587:Rosary of the Holy Wounds
2399:Interpretation of tongues
2293:
2287:Visions of Jesus and Mary
2110:Rome and the Vatican City
1967:Ltd., Cork, Ireland, 1955
1677:From Trent to Vatican Two
1481:by John T. Paoletti 2005
1144:in Brazil is the largest
1093:ordered the feast of the
685:is an early example of a
492:visions of Jesus and Mary
209:see of the bishop of Rome
168:Santa Maria in Trastevere
91:. This encyclical on the
3099:Protoevangelium of James
2647:Chaplet of Saint Michael
2560:First Saturdays Devotion
2550:Immaculate Heart of Mary
2543:First Thursdays Devotion
2096:Harvard University Press
1479:Art in Renaissance Italy
1234:Our Lady's Rosary Makers
1036:Santa Maria della Salute
990:Santa Maria della Salute
740:and the fully developed
218:Other churches, such as
45:Catholic Marian churches
18:Catholic Marian churches
3490:Golden Madonna of Essen
3079:Woman of the Apocalypse
2652:Prayer to Saint Michael
2250:Apparitional experience
1838:by Matthew Bunson 2001
1716:Michał Malinowski 2008
1659:, Queenship Publishing
1458:by Timothy Verdon 2005
1239:During this period key
1202:, Philippines, and the
942:period and towards the
833:Gothic architecture by
798:Romanesque architecture
675:Santa Maria in Cosmedin
633:Santa Maria in Cosmedin
118:, 5th century, seat of
3367:Alma Redemptoris Mater
3316:Our Lady of Navigators
2796:Catholicism portal
2642:in the Catholic Church
2599:First Fridays Devotion
1940:"Catholic News Agency"
1915:"Catholic News Agency"
1559:Religions of the World
1380:on the Vatican website
1276:Munificentissimus Deus
1273:Apostolic constitution
1225:
1150:Saint Peter's Basilica
1137:
998:Santa Maria della Pace
993:
953:art with the likes of
887:
782:
663:Basilica of St. Pius X
651:Byzantine architecture
635:
553:
374:
350:Polish Cathedral style
280:
242:Church in the world."
122:
41:
3552:Theotokos of Vladimir
2981:Presentation of Jesus
2918:Immaculate Conception
2838:Mary, mother of Jesus
2623:Eucharistic adoration
2466:Normae Congregationis
2282:Vision (spirituality)
2024:Catholic Encyclopedia
1655:Raymond Burke, 2008,
1538:Anne J. Duggan, 2008
1391:Catholic encyclopedia
1269:Immaculate Conception
1216:
1177:Our Lady of Guadalupe
1130:Our Lady of Aparecida
1127:
1064:Immaculate Conception
988:
899:Santa Maria del Fiore
885:Santa Maria del Fiore
882:
853:Immaculate Conception
778:
691:La Bocca della Verità
631:
624:Architectural periods
601:Our Lady of Guadalupe
549:
512:Saint-Étienne-le-Laus
500:Saint-Étienne-le-Laus
411:Our Lady of Guadalupe
370:
336:abroad, particularly
285:Medieval architecture
276:
110:
74:, with the new title
33:
2367:Extraordinary graces
1896:Catholic News Agency
1882:Catholic News Agency
1188:Our Lady of She Shan
1052:Lawrence of Brindisi
1004:façade, designed by
883:Dome of Basilica of
753:Bernard of Clairvaux
744:style of the choir.
726:Our Lady of Flanders
559:Santa Maria Maggiore
398:Bernadette Soubirous
255:San Giovanni Rotondo
232:St. Peter's Basilica
220:Santa Maria Maggiore
176:Santa Maria Maggiore
35:Santa Maria Maggiore
3534:Madonna del Rosario
3438:Maria mater gratiae
3414:Sub tuum praesidium
3372:Ave Regina caelorum
3326:Our Lady of Victory
3321:Our Lady of Sorrows
2964:Virginal motherhood
2938:Perpetual virginity
2616:Divine Mercy novena
2326:Miracle of Lanciano
2321:Eucharistic miracle
2255:Christian mysticism
1637:on 13 November 2011
1590:Brazil rediscovered
1456:Mary in Western Art
1294:Blessed Virgin Mary
977:among many others.
823:Santa Maria Assunta
817:Further south, the
790:Gothic architecture
786:Notre Dame de Paris
699:(also known as the
649:was built with the
573:Salus Populi Romani
564:Salus Populi Romani
536:Lady of the Rosary.
485:"Do not be afraid!"
407:Our Lady of Lourdes
259:Our Lady of Lourdes
213:Santa Maria Regina,
195:Santa Maria Antiqua
188:Catholic Marian art
172:Santa Maria Antiqua
112:Santa Maria Antiqua
53:Blessed Virgin Mary
3646:Catholic Mariology
3575:Life of the Virgin
3291:Life-giving Spring
3281:Help of Christians
2991:Return to Nazareth
2933:Marriage to Joseph
2538:Acts of reparation
2338:Miracle of the Sun
2230:Private revelation
1901:2008-05-13 at the
1341:Fr. Rene Laurentin
1226:
1138:
1107:Pope Benedict XIII
994:
912:The facade of the
888:
804:Chartres Cathedral
783:
780:Chartres Cathedral
636:
554:
434:Our Lady of Fátima
378:Marian apparitions
375:
281:
263:Our Lady of Fatima
184:Assumption of Mary
158:Council of Ephesus
123:
61:Catholic Mariology
42:
3628:
3627:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3496:The Golden Virgin
3216:Catholic churches
3188:
3187:
3107:
3106:
2986:Flight into Egypt
2976:Nativity of Jesus
2883:Brothers of Jesus
2804:
2803:
2780:
2779:
2633:Our Lady of Tears
2518:Mystical theology
2453:Code of canon law
2434:
2433:
2409:Word of Knowledge
2343:Odour of sanctity
2314:Miraculous events
2277:Religious ecstasy
2272:Marian apparition
2176:Schloeder, Steven
2157:, 1979, Octopus,
2149:978-0-14-020109-3
2143:, Pelican, 1964,
2074:Banister Fletcher
2057:Thames and Hudson
1498:Erik Thunø, 2003
1302:Redemptoris Mater
1298:Pope John Paul II
1296:. More recently,
1152:in Vatican City.
1111:Pope Benedict XIV
1068:Louis de Montfort
1056:Robert Bellarmine
1006:Pietro da Cortona
959:Sandro Botticelli
951:venerative Marian
936:Leonardo da Vinci
923:, famous for the
755:. Chants such as
661:style, while the
577:Queenship of Mary
394:Cerro del Tepeyac
16:(Redirected from
3658:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3468:
3453:Three Hail Marys
3409:Ave maris stella
3286:Immaculate Heart
3197:
3118:
3006:Passion of Jesus
2905:
2895:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2808:
2794:
2793:
2674:
2565:Miraculous Medal
2389:Gifts of healing
2384:Gift of miracles
2311:
2299:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2195:
2137:Nikolaus Pevsner
2070:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
1998:. Archived from
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1911:
1905:
1893:Benoite Rencurel
1890:
1884:
1879:Benoite Rencurel
1876:
1870:
1856:
1847:
1833:
1824:
1810:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1734:
1728:
1714:
1708:
1697:Let's go: Europe
1694:
1688:
1674:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1633:. Archived from
1627:
1621:
1607:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1536:
1530:
1516:
1510:
1496:
1490:
1476:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1422:
1413:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1378:Ad Caeli Reginam
1373:
1243:were issued and
1062:After 1650, the
1060:Francis of Sales
1048:Francisco Suárez
919:The Basilica of
840:The interior of
757:Ave Maris Stella
697:Speyer Cathedral
673:The basilica of
585:Ad Caeli Reginam
508:Benoite Rencurel
496:Benoite Rencurel
466:Fátima, Portugal
426:Lúcia dos Santos
390:Saint Juan Diego
342:St. John Cantius
143:Christian church
88:Ad Caeli Reginam
21:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3584:
3563:
3516:
3507:Queen of Heaven
3457:
3345:
3331:Star of the Sea
3257:
3184:
3168:
3103:
3085:
3032:
2944:
2896:
2887:
2840:
2835:
2805:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2740:
2663:
2524:
2503:Bridal theology
2473:Tribus circiter
2459:Haurietis aquas
2430:
2362:
2300:
2291:
2236:
2234:Catholic Church
2227:
2192:
2174:
2171:
2169:Further reading
2090:Arnold Hauser,
2067:
2050:
2019:
2014:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1903:Wayback Machine
1891:
1887:
1877:
1873:
1857:
1850:
1834:
1827:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1715:
1711:
1695:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1557:
1553:
1537:
1533:
1517:
1513:
1497:
1493:
1477:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1423:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1385:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1349:
1190:was built near
1171:hill, north of
1119:
1109:in 1724 and by
1091:Pope Clement XI
983:
971:Piero di Cosimo
903:Florence, Italy
877:
865:Pope Clement IV
835:Giovanni Pisano
812:Reims Cathedral
794:flying buttress
773:
671:
647:Rosary Basilica
626:
544:
417:in France, the
365:
334:Polish diaspora
271:
105:
93:Queen of Heaven
57:Catholic Church
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3664:
3662:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3610:
3597:
3594:
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3586:
3585:
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3577:
3571:
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3524:
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3518:
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3509:
3504:
3499:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3396:
3394:Fátima prayers
3391:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3336:Seat of Wisdom
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2955:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2678:Marian shrines
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2414:Word of wisdom
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2358:Weeping statue
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2317:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2151:
2134:
2124:History of Art
2120:
2106:
2088:
2071:
2065:
2048:
2033:
2030:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1956:
1931:
1906:
1885:
1871:
1848:
1825:
1802:
1791:
1780:
1760:
1749:
1729:
1709:
1689:
1669:
1648:
1622:
1602:
1582:
1571:
1551:
1531:
1511:
1491:
1468:
1448:
1437:
1414:
1394:
1383:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1300:'s encyclical
1161:Washington, DC
1118:
1115:
982:
979:
907:Pope Eugene IV
876:
873:
772:
769:
749:John Damascene
670:
667:
655:Upper Basilica
625:
622:
561:church houses
543:
540:
468:, events. The
400:as a child in
364:
361:
270:
267:
180:papal basilica
150:Church of Mary
132:edict of Milan
104:
103:The beginnings
101:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3663:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3621:
3620:
3619:Saints Portal
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:Agiosoritissa
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Black Madonna
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:of all graces
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
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2638:Saint Michael
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2530:Popular piety
2527:
2519:
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2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2496:
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2487:
2486:Rule of Faith
2484:
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2336:
2334:
2333:Lourdes water
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
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2312:
2309:
2307:
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2298:
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2205:
2204:
2201:
2193:
2191:0-89870-631-9
2187:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:0-7064-0857-8
2160:
2156:
2153:Ilan Rachum,
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:0-8109-3442-6
2129:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:3-8290-3109-2
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:0-674-54815-9
2101:
2097:
2094:, Cambridge:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:0-7506-2267-9
2083:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2066:0-500-27921-7
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2045:0-669-20900-7
2042:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2002:on 2017-12-28
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:Mercier Press
1960:
1957:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1897:
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1867:1-57607-004-2
1864:
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1795:
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1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:0-7546-6789-8
1773:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1747:pages 207-208
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:1-59158-723-9
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:0-312-38708-3
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1687:pages 179-180
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:1-57918-355-7
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:1-57607-004-2
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1598:0-8059-2328-4
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1569:pages 308-309
1568:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:0-85115-881-1
1544:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:0-271-02551-4
1524:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1507:88-8265-217-3
1504:
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1495:
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1461:
1457:
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1411:
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1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1264:Ad diem illum
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1249:Pope Pius XII
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1198:was built in
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
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1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:Alexander VII
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
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1037:
1032:
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1022:
1018:
1013:
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1007:
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991:
987:
980:
978:
976:
975:Paolo Uccello
972:
968:
967:Filippo Lippi
964:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
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937:
933:
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926:
922:
917:
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908:
904:
900:
896:
893:
886:
881:
874:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
832:
828:
825:Cathedral in
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
777:
770:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:Cathedral in
727:
723:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:Forum Boarium
676:
668:
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664:
660:
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648:
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639:
634:
630:
623:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:Pope Pius XII
566:
565:
560:
552:
548:
541:
539:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
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482:
478:
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467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
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427:
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408:
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395:
391:
385:
383:
379:
373:
369:
362:
360:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:St. Michael's
335:
331:
327:
326:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
305:Marian belief
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:
275:
268:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
205:Pope John VII
202:
201:
200:Forum Romanum
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
139:Constantine I
137:
136:Roman Emperor
133:
128:
127:New Testament
121:
120:Pope John VII
117:
116:Forum Romanum
113:
109:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
89:
85:
81:
80:Pope Pius XII
77:
73:
69:
68:Pope Pius XII
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3617:
3605:
3532:
3512:Stabat Mater
3494:
3382:Regina caeli
3377:Salve Regina
3276:Coredemptrix
3271:Christotokos
3231:month of May
3215:
3040:: later life
3021:Resurrection
2959:Annunciation
2928:Presentation
2911:: early life
2701:Knock Shrine
2677:
2606:Divine Mercy
2594:Sacred Heart
2570:Seven Dolors
2555:Consecration
2492:Sensus fidei
2490:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2182:
2179:
2154:
2140:
2123:
2112:, Konemann,
2109:
2091:
2077:
2052:
2047:(Paperback).
2036:
2022:
2004:. Retrieved
2000:the original
1990:
1981:
1972:
1959:
1948:. Retrieved
1934:
1923:. Retrieved
1909:
1888:
1874:
1858:
1835:
1812:
1794:
1783:
1767:
1763:
1752:
1736:
1732:
1717:
1712:
1696:
1692:
1676:
1672:
1656:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1625:
1609:
1605:
1589:
1585:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1539:
1534:
1519:
1514:
1499:
1494:
1478:
1455:
1451:
1440:
1424:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1333:
1317:Stary Licheń
1310:
1279:
1262:
1257:
1238:
1227:
1185:
1154:
1139:
1128:Basilica of
1120:
1087:original sin
1072:
1045:
1033:
1014:
995:
948:
930:
918:
911:
895:Quattrocento
889:
857:original sin
849:Mariological
846:
839:
816:
802:
784:
761:Salve Regina
746:
724:
695:
672:
654:
640:
637:
593:Tepeyac hill
590:
583:
562:
555:
535:
516:
489:
484:
474:
462:Pope Francis
458:Benedict XVI
454:John Paul II
438:Cova da Iria
423:
386:
376:
357:John Paul II
354:
329:
323:
313:
282:
244:
236:Vatican City
217:
212:
208:
198:
192:
161:
147:
124:
86:
65:
44:
43:
3542:Derzhavnaya
3204:Apparitions
3011:Crucifixion
2508:Christology
2481:Magisterium
2440:Discernment
2394:Glossolalia
2353:Thaumaturgy
2348:Tabor Light
2242:Revelations
1466:pages 37-40
1376:Encyclical
1281:ex cathedra
1245:Pope Pius X
1173:Mexico City
1075:Pope Paul V
1010:Renaissance
944:Renaissance
931:Last Supper
892:Renaissance
875:Renaissance
861:Duns Scotus
409:in France,
297:Renaissance
251:Mexico City
3635:Categories
3559:Hodegetria
3480:Assumption
3433:Magnificat
3238:Feast days
3193:Veneration
3157:Protestant
3091:Apocryphal
3069:Coronation
3064:Assumption
3016:Deposition
2971:Visitation
2577:Pilgrimage
2421:Levitation
2374:Bilocation
2055:. London:
2006:2015-03-30
1950:2008-06-01
1925:2008-06-01
1844:0879739142
1821:0809147440
1788:Zenit News
1745:0195154665
1685:0195178076
1567:1576072231
1487:1856694399
1464:097129819X
1433:159884654X
1410:0520074122
1359:References
1290:Assumption
1278:to define
1260:encyclical
1095:Immaculata
1079:Gregory XV
847:One major
717:colonnaded
687:Romanesque
669:Romanesque
581:encyclical
446:John XXIII
289:Romanesque
97:Marian art
84:encyclical
49:veneration
3389:Ave Maria
3362:Antiphons
3341:Theotokos
3296:Mediatrix
3243:Patronage
3226:Devotions
3221:Christmas
3122:Christian
3113:Mariology
3074:Queenship
3052:Dormition
3038:Tradition
3028:Pentecost
2909:Tradition
2878:Elizabeth
2856:(husband)
2628:Holy Hour
2513:Mariology
2448:Documents
1364:Citations
1306:Mediatrix
1222:Argentina
1210:, Spain.
1179:to Saint
1146:cathedral
1113:in 1742.
1025:Aragonese
955:Donatello
765:Ave Maria
713:sandstone
701:Mariendom
603:to Saint
579:with the
228:Aparecida
163:Theotokos
114:, in the
3607:Category
3443:Memorare
3404:Akathist
3162:Lutheran
3152:Orthodox
3135:Catholic
3130:Anglican
2874:(mother)
2868:(father)
2659:Scapular
2498:Theology
2426:Stigmata
2404:Prophecy
2306:Miracles
2265:interior
2260:Locution
2178:(1998).
2098:, 1965,
1944:Archived
1919:Archived
1899:Archived
1869:page 213
1846:page 194
1778:page 217
1707:page 553
1667:page 189
1600:page 235
1549:page 175
1489:page 290
1435:page 161
1347:See also
1208:Tenerife
1192:Shanghai
1021:Zaragoza
992:, Venice
963:Masaccio
759:and the
738:transept
709:basilica
504:Holy See
442:Pius XII
287:towards
72:Montreal
3568:Related
3357:Angelus
3350:Prayers
3311:Panagia
3306:New Eve
3248:Shrines
3180:Islamic
3140:history
2949:In the
2866:Joachim
2669:Shrines
2640:
2379:Charism
2232:in the
2017:Sources
1727:page 69
1641:28 June
1620:page 38
1529:page 21
1509:page 34
1292:of the
1288:of the
1169:Tepeyac
1103:Angelus
1002:Baroque
981:Baroque
734:Belgium
730:Tournai
720:gallery
711:of red
677:in the
531:Madonna
450:Paul VI
402:Lourdes
346:Chicago
330:hey-now
301:Baroque
154:Ephesus
51:of the
3547:Eleusa
3448:Rosary
3426:Loreto
3421:Litany
3263:Titles
2854:Joseph
2846:Family
2745:Others
2582:Rosary
2188:
2161:
2147:
2130:
2116:
2102:
2084:
2063:
2043:
1865:
1842:
1819:
1774:
1743:
1723:
1703:
1683:
1663:
1616:
1596:
1565:
1545:
1525:
1505:
1485:
1462:
1431:
1408:
1325:Europe
1321:Poland
1253:dogmas
1230:rosary
1224:, 2014
1200:Manila
1136:, 1955
1134:Brazil
1117:Modern
1099:Rosary
1040:Venice
940:Gothic
869:rosary
831:Tuscan
819:façade
771:Gothic
742:Gothic
705:Speyer
659:Gothic
645:. The
607:. The
597:Mexico
527:Fátima
325:hejnał
320:Poland
293:Gothic
240:Marian
3502:Pietà
3399:Hymns
3173:Other
3145:papal
2951:Bible
2923:Birth
2862:(son)
2860:Jesus
1286:dogma
1029:oculi
925:mural
827:Siena
808:Paris
806:near
703:) in
617:tilma
613:tilma
595:, in
481:Genoa
3521:East
3472:West
3209:list
3057:Tomb
2901:Life
2872:Anne
2186:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2114:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2041:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1643:2011
1614:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1563:ISBN
1543:ISBN
1523:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1311:The
1284:the
1258:The
1247:and
1140:The
1077:and
1058:and
1015:The
996:The
973:and
929:the
751:and
683:Rome
475:The
460:and
382:Rome
340:and
261:and
174:and
148:The
125:The
39:Rome
3463:Art
1315:in
1206:in
1167:on
1038:in
1019:in
1000:'s
934:by
927:of
901:in
821:of
681:in
498:in
494:by
479:in
436:in
392:in
344:in
318:in
249:in
234:in
226:in
152:in
3637::
2139:,
2080:,
2076:,
2059:.
1942:.
1917:.
1851:^
1828:^
1805:^
1471:^
1417:^
1331:.
1308:.
1255:.
1220:,
1159:;
1132:,
1089:.
1081:.
1054:,
1050:,
1012:.
969:,
965:,
961:,
957:,
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871:.
837:.
800:.
588:.
456:,
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299:,
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291:,
203:.
190:.
170:,
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3298:(
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2823:t
2816:v
2222:e
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2208:v
2194:.
2069:.
2009:.
1953:.
1928:.
1645:.
20:)
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