453:
1116:
511:
Beltrame, F. L., Filho, E. R., Barros, F. A. P., Cortez, D. A. G., Casset, Q. B. (2006). "A validated higher-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of cinchonain Ib in bark and phytopharmaceuticals of
1340:
Rolim, A., Oishi, T., Maciel, C. P., Zague, V., Pinto, C. A., Kaneko, T. M., Consiglieri, V. O., Velasco, M. V. (2006). "Total flavonoids quantification from O/W emulsion with extract of
Brazilian plants".
1137:
Kletter, C., Glasl, S., Presser, A., Werner, I., Reznicek, G., Narantuya, S., Cellek, S., Haslinger, E., Jurenitsch, J. (2004). "Morphological, chemical and functional analysis of catuaba preparations".
298:
Kletter C, Glasl S, Presser A, Werner I, Gottfried R, Narantuya S, Cellek S, Haslinger E, Jurenitsch J (2004-11-01). "Morphological, Chemical and
Functional Analysis of Catuaba Preparations".
1250:
Mello, J. C. P., Marques, L. C., Dias, R. F., Rebecca, M. A., Peres, P. G. P. (1996). "Contribuição ao esclarecimento da identidade botânica da droga vegetal
Catuaba".
1378:
Zanolari, B., Wolfender, J. L., Guilet, D., Marston, A., Queiroz, E. F., Paulo, M. de Q., Hostettmann, K. (2003). "On-line identification of tropane alkaloids from
1477:
Catuaba is a medicinal plant found in Brazil in the Amazon region that contains an incredible abundance of plant life – more than half of the planet's vegetation.
1483:
Catuaba (Trichilla catigua) (28.23%) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) (3.26%) Guarana (Paullinia cupana) (40.31%) and
Muirapuama (Ptychopetalum olacoides) (28.23%)
1512:
1411:
Zanolari, B., Guilet, D., Marston, A., Queiroz, E. F., Paulo, M. de Q., Hostettmann, K. (2005). "Methylpyrrole tropane alkaloids from the bark of
1507:
1480:
The most famous of all
Brazilian aphrodisiac plants and is the result of the blend of four main medicinal herbs from the Brazilian Amazon:
474:
1382:
by liquid chromatography-UV detection-multiple mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry".
1444:
Zanolari, B., Guilet, D., Marston, A., Queiroz, E. F., Paulo, M. de Q., Hostettmann, K. (2003). "Tropane alkaloids from the bark of
496:
67:
619:
Daly, D.C. (1990). "The genus
Tetragastris and the forests of eastern Brazil. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae - III".
1114:
Hamet, R. (1937). "Sob re alguns effeitos physiologicos da droga brasileira conhecida pelo nome de folhas de
Catuaba".
1517:
467:
461:
553:
Campos, M. M., Fernandes, E. S., Ferreira, J., Santos A. R., Calixto, J. B. (2005). "Antidepressant-like effects of
418:
Manabe H, Sakagami H, Ishizone H, et al. (1992). "Effects of
Catuaba extracts on microbial and HIV infection".
1489:
330:"Antidepressant-like effects of Trichilia catigua (Catuaba) extract: evidence for dopaminergic-mediated mechanisms"
100:
151:, but this tree has been described only once, in 1904, and it is not known today to what tree this name referred.
478:
900:
Garcez, W. S., Garcez, F. R., Ramos, L., Camargo, M. J., Damasceno Jr., G. A. (1997). "Sesquiterpenes from
194:
1231:
Abhandlungen der
Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
1204:
Marques, L. C. (1998). "Contribuição ao esclarecimento da identidade botânica da droga vegetal
Catuaba".
163:
A commercial liquid preparation, Catuama, contains multiple ingredients, one of these being catuaba from
628:
1093:
Hamet, R. (1936). "Sur l'origine botanique des drogues designees au Brasil sous le nom de Catuaba".
374:
77:
1303:
1163:
1081:
1032:
652:
582:
375:"Alkaloide aus Erythroxylum vacciniifolium MARTIUS, 1. Mitt. Isolierung von Catuabin A, B und C"
1465:
1432:
1399:
1366:
1358:
1328:
1295:
1287:
1238:
1213:
1192:
1155:
1125:
1102:
1073:
1065:
1024:
1016:
983:
948:
913:
888:
880:
847:
826:
796:
754:
712:
644:
607:
574:
541:
533:
427:
394:
349:
274:
94:
217:
A, B and C. A study by Manabe et al. (1992) showed that catuaba extracts from Catuaba casca (
1457:
1424:
1391:
1350:
1279:
1147:
1057:
1008:
973:
938:
872:
786:
744:
702:
636:
566:
525:
386:
341:
307:
266:
81:
35:
22:
254:
1493:
1259:
Pizzolatti M. G., Venson, A. F., Smânia, A. Jr., Smânia, E. F. A., Braz-Filho, R. (2002).
808:
da Silva, R. A. D. (1929). "Catuaba (Anemopaegma mirandum (Chamisso) Alph. De Candolle)".
104:. Other catuaba preparations use the bark of trees from the following genera or families:
632:
838:
Ducke, A. (1966). "A catuaba na botanica sistemática, científica e pseudo-científica".
144:. Local synonyms are Chuchuhuasha, Tatuaba, Pau de Reposta, Piratancara and Caramuru.
1501:
1167:
876:
604:
Anais do II Simpósio Brasileiro de Óleos Essenciais - Diagnóstico e Perspectivas 2003
173:
85:
1085:
1036:
791:
767:
749:
725:
707:
683:
586:
1307:
136:
1354:
1395:
529:
197:
stimulant. These claims have not been confirmed in scientific studies. Catuaba (
190:
124:
118:
106:
1260:
978:
961:
943:
926:
1176:
570:
345:
130:
1362:
1332:
1291:
1242:
1217:
1196:
1129:
1106:
1069:
1061:
1020:
1012:
987:
952:
917:
884:
851:
830:
800:
758:
716:
648:
611:
537:
398:
390:
353:
278:
329:
255:"Classification of commercial Catuaba samples by NMR, HPLC and chemometrics"
253:
Daolio C, Beltrame FL, Ferreira AG, Cass QB, Cortez DA, Ferreira MM (2008).
225:
214:
202:
141:
1469:
1436:
1403:
1370:
1299:
1283:
1159:
578:
545:
1151:
960:
Glasl, S., Presser, A., Werner, I., Haslinger, E., Jurenitsch, J. (2004).
925:
Glasl, S., Presser, A., Werner, I., Haslinger, E., Jurenitsch, J. (2003).
892:
431:
311:
1077:
1028:
328:
Campos MM, Fernandes ES, Ferreira J, Santos AR, Calixto JB (2005-10-01).
222:
206:
186:
1486:
962:"Erratum to Tropane alkaloids from a Brazilian bark traded as "Catuaba""
1117:
Comptes rendus des séances de la Société de biologie et de ses filiales
656:
168:
1461:
1428:
270:
179:
89:
640:
1095:
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences
812:. São Paulo, Brasil: Companhia Editora Nacional. pp. 194, 385.
557:(Catuaba) extract: evidence for dopaminergic-mediated mechanisms".
859:
Evans, W. C. (1981). "The comparative phytochemistry of the genus
594:
Castellani, D. C. (2003). "Produção de óleo essencial em Catuaba (
233:
730:), Parte II: Histórico, habitat, synonimia e botânica da catuaba"
1487:
Cautuba Aphrodisiac: How To Use, Benefits and Contraindications!
688:), Parte I: Histórico, habitat, synonimia e botânica da catuaba"
112:
1048:
Martius, 2. Mitt. Strukturaufklärung von Catuabin A, B und C".
446:
229:
927:"Tropane alkaloids from a Brazilian bark traded as "Catuaba""
53:
189:
of the bark is used in traditional Brazilian medicine as an
670:) - These de doutoramento da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia
59:
41:
147:
It is often claimed that catuaba is derived from the tree
92:. The most widely used barks are derived from the trees
999:
Martius, 1. Mitt. Isolierung von Catuabin A, B und C".
323:
321:
1319:. Isolation and cytotoxic activities of cinchonain".
1175:
Lagos, J. B., Miguel, O. G., Duarte, M. doR. (2007).
68:
50:
38:
56:
47:
44:
678:, as cited below as da Silva, A. J. (2004, 2005)
1315:Satoh, M. (2000). "Cytotoxic constituents from
221:) were useful in preventing potentially lethal
8:
1252:XIV Simpósio de Plantas Medicinais do Brasil
1044:Graf, E., Lude, W. (1978). "Alkaloide aus
995:Graf, E., Lude, W. (1977). "Alkaloide aus
977:
942:
810:Pharmacopeia dos Estados Unidos do Brasil
790:
748:
706:
497:Learn how and when to remove this message
1265:(Meliaceae) with antimicrobial activity"
772:), Parte III: Estudo chimico da catuaba"
460:This article includes a list of general
1225:Martius, K. F. P. (1840). "Beiträge zu
768:"Estudo botânico e chímico da catuaba (
726:"Estudo botânico e chímico da catuaba (
684:"Estudo botânico e chímico da catuaba (
245:
201:) was found to increase the release of
155:is therefore not a recognised species.
1343:International Journal of Pharmaceutics
817:da Silva, R. A. D. (1934). "Catuaba".
666:Estudo botânico e chímico da catuaba (
7:
1177:"Caracteres anatômicos de catuaba (
779:Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
737:Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
695:Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
602:) em função da época de colheita".
84:) is used for the infusions of the
676:Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy
466:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1272:Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C
1261:"Two epimeric flavalignans from
770:Erythroxylaceae catuaba do Norte
728:Erythroxylaceae catuaba do Norte
686:Erythroxylaceae catuaba do Norte
674:Reprint published in 3 parts in
668:Erythroxylaceae catuaba do Norte
451:
34:
1237:(2). München: 107, 387 (t. 9).
792:10.1590/S0102-695X2005000100016
750:10.1590/S0102-695X2004000200008
708:10.1590/S0102-695X2004000100009
88:of a number of trees native to
1513:Traditional Brazilian medicine
840:Revista Brasileira de Farmácia
219:Erythroxylum catuaba Arr. Cam.
1:
1355:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.031
1508:Herbal and fungal stimulants
1396:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.052
1185:Acta Farmaceutica Bonaerense
877:10.1016/0378-8741(81)90057-X
865:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
530:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.050
1450:Journal of Natural Products
1446:Erythroxylum vacciniifolium
1417:Journal of Natural Products
1413:Erythroxylum vacciniifolium
1384:Journal of Chromatography A
1380:Erythroxylum vacciniifolium
1046:Erythroxylum vacciniifolium
1007:(12). Weinheim: 1005–1010.
997:Erythroxylum vacciniifolium
518:Journal of Chromatography A
211:Erythroxylum vacciniifolium
1534:
979:10.3797/scipharm.aut-04-09
944:10.3797/scipharm.aut-03-12
819:Revista de Flora Medicinal
101:Erythroxylum vaccinifolium
21:For the insect genus, see
20:
571:10.1007/s00213-005-0052-1
346:10.1007/s00213-005-0052-1
213:) contains the alkaloids
167:(28.23%), in addition to
1062:10.1002/ardp.19783110211
1056:(2). Weinheim: 139–152.
1013:10.1002/ardp.19773101211
766:da Silva, A. J. (2005).
724:da Silva, A. J. (2004).
682:da Silva, A. J. (2004).
664:da Silva, A. J. (1904).
391:10.1002/ardp.19773101211
1212:(43). São Paulo: 8–11.
481:more precise citations.
373:Graf E, Lude W (1977).
1284:10.1515/znc-2002-5-614
966:Scientia Pharmaceutica
931:Scientia Pharmaceutica
259:Phytochemical Analysis
195:central nervous system
1181:A. Juss., Meliaceae)"
1152:10.1055/s-2004-832627
312:10.1055/s-2004-832627
140:and species from the
1317:Erythroxylum catuaba
1050:Archiv der Pharmazie
1001:Archiv der Pharmazie
565:(1). Berlin: 45–53.
379:Archiv der Pharmazie
149:Erythroxylum catuaba
633:1990KewBu..45..179D
614:. Documento IAC 74.
600:Siparuna guianensis
209:in rats. Catuaba (
1518:Plant common names
1492:2019-06-23 at the
559:Psychopharmacology
516:used as Catuaba".
334:Psychopharmacology
16:Tree bark infusion
1462:10.1021/np020512m
1429:10.1021/np040144h
1321:Natural Medicines
1263:Trichilia catigua
1179:Trichilia catigua
902:Trichilia catigua
596:Trichilia catigua
555:Trichilia catigua
514:Trichilia catigua
507:
506:
499:
385:(12): 1005–1010.
199:Trichilia catigua
165:Trichilia catigua
95:Trichilia catigua
1525:
1473:
1440:
1423:(8): 1153–1158.
1407:
1374:
1349:(1–2): 107–114.
1336:
1311:
1278:(5–6): 483–488.
1269:
1255:
1246:
1221:
1200:
1171:
1146:(10): 993–1000.
1133:
1110:
1089:
1040:
991:
981:
956:
946:
921:
896:
871:(2–3): 265–277.
855:
834:
813:
804:
794:
776:
762:
752:
734:
720:
710:
692:
673:
660:
615:
590:
549:
524:(1–2): 257–263.
502:
495:
491:
488:
482:
477:this article by
468:inline citations
455:
454:
447:
436:
435:
415:
409:
408:
406:
405:
370:
364:
363:
361:
360:
325:
316:
315:
295:
289:
288:
286:
285:
271:10.1002/pca.1019
250:
72:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
46:
43:
40:
23:Catuaba (beetle)
1533:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1498:
1497:
1494:Wayback Machine
1443:
1410:
1377:
1339:
1335:. CODEN NMEDEO.
1314:
1310:. CODEN ZNCBDA.
1267:
1258:
1249:
1224:
1203:
1199:. CODEN AFBODJ.
1174:
1136:
1132:. CODEN CRSBAW.
1113:
1109:. CODEN COREAF.
1092:
1043:
994:
990:. CODEN SCPHA4.
959:
955:. CODEN SCPHA4.
924:
920:. CODEN FTRPAE.
899:
858:
854:. CODEN RBFAAH.
837:
833:. CODEN RFLMA9.
816:
807:
803:. CODEN RBFAEL.
774:
765:
761:. CODEN RBFAEL.
732:
723:
719:. CODEN RBFAEL.
690:
681:
663:
659:. CODEN KEWBAF.
641:10.2307/4114446
618:
598:) e Negramina (
593:
552:
510:
503:
492:
486:
483:
473:Please help to
472:
456:
452:
445:
440:
439:
417:
416:
412:
403:
401:
372:
371:
367:
358:
356:
327:
326:
319:
297:
296:
292:
283:
281:
252:
251:
247:
242:
161:
70:
37:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1475:
1474:
1456:(4): 497–502.
1441:
1408:
1375:
1337:
1312:
1256:
1247:
1222:
1206:Revista Racine
1201:
1172:
1134:
1111:
1090:
1041:
992:
957:
937:(2): 113–119.
922:
897:
856:
846:(5): 267–272.
835:
825:(5): 211–224.
814:
805:
763:
743:(2): 145–151.
721:
679:
661:
627:(1): 179–194.
616:
591:
550:
505:
504:
459:
457:
450:
444:
441:
438:
437:
410:
365:
317:
290:
265:(3): 218–228.
244:
243:
241:
238:
160:
157:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1530:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:(2): 97–100.
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:Planta Medica
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:: 1178–1179.
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
989:
985:
980:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
954:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
811:
806:
802:
798:
793:
788:
784:
780:
773:
771:
764:
760:
756:
751:
746:
742:
738:
731:
729:
722:
718:
714:
709:
704:
700:
696:
689:
687:
680:
677:
671:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
509:
508:
501:
498:
490:
480:
476:
470:
469:
463:
458:
449:
448:
442:
433:
429:
425:
421:
414:
411:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
366:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
324:
322:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
300:Planta medica
294:
291:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
249:
246:
239:
237:
235:
232:infection in
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
178:(28.23%) and
177:
175:
174:Ptychopetalum
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
138:
133:
132:
127:
126:
121:
120:
115:
114:
109:
108:
103:
102:
97:
96:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:
64:
31:
24:
19:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1390:(1): 75–89.
1387:
1383:
1379:
1346:
1342:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1251:
1234:
1230:
1227:Erythroxylon
1226:
1209:
1205:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1143:
1139:
1121:
1115:
1098:
1094:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1004:
1000:
996:
969:
965:
934:
930:
909:
905:
901:
868:
864:
861:Erythroxylon
860:
843:
839:
822:
818:
809:
785:(1): 77–81.
782:
778:
769:
740:
736:
727:
701:(1): 67–77.
698:
694:
685:
675:
669:
665:
624:
621:Kew Bulletin
620:
606:. Campinas.
603:
599:
595:
562:
558:
554:
521:
517:
513:
493:
487:January 2015
484:
465:
426:(2): 161–5.
423:
419:
413:
402:. Retrieved
382:
378:
368:
357:. Retrieved
340:(1): 45–53.
337:
333:
306:: 993–1000.
303:
299:
293:
282:. Retrieved
262:
258:
248:
218:
210:
198:
184:
172:
164:
162:
152:
148:
146:
137:Tetragastris
135:
129:
123:
117:
111:
105:
99:
93:
29:
27:
18:
1191:: 185–190.
1124:: 904–907.
906:Fitoterapia
479:introducing
205:as well as
191:aphrodisiac
125:Phyllanthus
119:Micropholis
107:Anemopaegma
1502:Categories
462:references
443:References
404:2024-09-21
359:2024-09-21
284:2024-09-21
226:infections
176:olcaloides
171:(40.31%),
153:E. catuaba
131:Secondatia
78:Portuguese
1363:0378-5173
1333:1340-3443
1292:0939-5075
1243:0176-7038
1218:1807-166X
1197:0326-2383
1168:260252671
1130:0037-9026
1107:0001-4036
1070:0365-6233
1021:0365-6233
988:0036-8709
953:0036-8709
918:0367-326X
912:: 87–88.
885:0378-8741
852:0370-372X
831:0370-484X
801:0102-695X
759:0102-695X
717:0102-695X
649:0075-5974
612:0102-4477
538:0021-9673
399:1521-4184
354:1432-2072
279:1099-1565
223:bacterial
215:catuabine
203:Serotonin
182:(3.26%).
142:Myrtaceae
28:The name
1490:Archived
1470:12713400
1437:16124752
1404:14661759
1371:16324808
1300:12132689
1160:15490329
1086:86851154
1037:86305332
587:22530162
579:15991001
546:16360665
207:Dopamine
187:infusion
1308:6356869
893:7242110
657:4114446
629:Bibcode
475:improve
432:1525337
420:In Vivo
169:Guarana
82:Guarani
30:Catuaba
1468:
1435:
1402:
1369:
1361:
1331:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1241:
1216:
1195:
1166:
1158:
1128:
1105:
1084:
1078:646590
1076:
1068:
1035:
1029:610675
1027:
1019:
986:
972:: 97.
951:
916:
891:
883:
850:
829:
799:
757:
715:
655:
647:
610:
585:
577:
544:
536:
464:, but
430:
397:
352:
277:
180:Ginger
90:Brazil
76:, via
1304:S2CID
1268:(PDF)
1254:: 52.
1164:S2CID
1082:S2CID
1033:S2CID
775:(PDF)
733:(PDF)
691:(PDF)
653:JSTOR
583:S2CID
240:Notes
80:from
1466:PMID
1433:PMID
1400:PMID
1388:1020
1367:PMID
1359:ISSN
1329:ISSN
1296:PMID
1288:ISSN
1239:ISSN
1214:ISSN
1193:ISSN
1156:PMID
1126:ISSN
1103:ISSN
1074:PMID
1066:ISSN
1025:PMID
1017:ISSN
984:ISSN
949:ISSN
914:ISSN
889:PMID
881:ISSN
848:ISSN
827:ISSN
797:ISSN
755:ISSN
713:ISSN
645:ISSN
608:ISSN
575:PMID
542:PMID
534:ISSN
522:1119
428:PMID
395:ISSN
350:ISSN
275:ISSN
234:mice
228:and
193:and
159:Uses
113:Ilex
98:and
86:bark
71:TWAH
1458:doi
1448:".
1425:doi
1415:".
1392:doi
1351:doi
1347:308
1280:doi
1229:".
1148:doi
1122:124
1099:203
1058:doi
1054:311
1009:doi
1005:310
974:doi
939:doi
904:".
873:doi
863:".
787:doi
745:doi
703:doi
637:doi
567:doi
563:182
526:doi
387:doi
383:310
342:doi
338:182
308:doi
267:doi
230:HIV
185:An
73:-bə
69:kə-
1504::
1464:.
1454:66
1452:.
1431:.
1421:68
1419:.
1398:.
1386:.
1365:.
1357:.
1345:.
1325:54
1323:.
1302:.
1294:.
1286:.
1276:57
1274:.
1270:.
1233:.
1208:.
1189:26
1187:.
1183:.
1162:.
1154:.
1144:70
1142:.
1120:.
1097:.
1080:.
1072:.
1064:.
1052:.
1031:.
1023:.
1015:.
1003:.
982:.
970:72
968:.
964:.
947:.
935:71
933:.
929:.
910:68
908:.
887:.
879:.
867:.
844:47
842:.
821:.
795:.
783:15
781:.
777:.
753:.
741:14
739:.
735:.
711:.
699:14
697:.
693:.
651:.
643:.
635:.
625:45
623:.
581:.
573:.
561:.
540:.
532:.
520:.
422:.
393:.
381:.
377:.
348:.
336:.
332:.
320:^
304:70
302:.
273:.
263:19
261:.
257:.
236:.
134:,
128:,
122:,
116:,
110:,
54:ɑː
1472:.
1460::
1439:.
1427::
1406:.
1394::
1373:.
1353::
1282::
1245:.
1235:3
1220:.
1210:8
1170:.
1150::
1088:.
1060::
1039:.
1011::
976::
941::
895:.
875::
869:3
823:1
789::
747::
705::
672:.
639::
631::
589:.
569::
548:.
528::
500:)
494:(
489:)
485:(
471:.
434:.
424:6
407:.
389::
362:.
344::
314:.
310::
287:.
269::
63:/
60:ə
57:b
51:w
48:t
45:ˈ
42:ə
39:k
36:/
32:(
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.