330:
42:
3151:
3330:
575:
250:
3270:
3264:
3145:
3206:
477:
and obtained tribute and hostages in 866. Historians disagree as to whether the army returned to
Ireland in 866, 867 or even in 869. Late sources of uncertain reliability state that Auisle was killed by Amlaíb in 867 in a dispute over Amlaíb's wife, the daughter of Cináed. It is unclear whether, if
283:
records of the descendants of Cináed mac Ailpín may date from the end of the tenth century, but their value lies more in their context, and the information they provide about the interests of those for whom they were compiled, than in the unreliable claims they contain. The
Pictish king-lists
630:, Causantín was captured and executed (or perhaps killed in battle) after defending against Viking raiders. Although there is agreement on the time and general manner of his death, it is not clear where this happened. Some believe he was beheaded on a Fife beach, following a battle at
279:, a thirteenth century compilation. Originally simply a list of kings with reign lengths, the other details contained in the Poppleton Manuscript version were added from the tenth century onwards. In addition to this, later king lists survive. The earliest
446:, who had put aside their differences in the face of a common enemy. Both would-be kings were killed in the failed assault, probably on 21 March 867. Following this, the leaders of the Great Army are said to have installed one
300:
describe events in 9th century
Britain, their value as sources of historical narrative, rather than documents of social history, is disputed. If the sources for north-eastern Britain, the lands of the kingdom of
394:
Viking activity in northern
Britain appears to have reached a peak during Causantín's reign. Viking armies were led by a small group of men who may have been kinsmen. Among those noted by the Irish annals, the
2386:
3391:
539:. The siege lasted four months before the fortress fell to the Vikings who returned to Ireland with many prisoners, "Angles, Britons and Picts", in 871. Archaeological evidence suggests that
1810:
2379:
2372:
3367:
3314:
3190:
1803:
3247:
1434:
1586:
3401:
1796:
1706:
1320:
555:
did not long survive these events, being killed "at the instigation" of
Causantín son of Cináed two years later. Artgal's son and successor
566:, he was killed by Causantín either in 871 or 872 when he returned to Pictland to collect further tribute. His ally Ívarr died in 873.
225:
as
Pictish king following the latter's death on 13 April 862. It is likely that the reign of Causantín witnessed increased activity by
3406:
41:
3360:
1685:
1667:
1649:
1631:
1553:
1517:
1454:
1428:
1401:
1383:
1362:
1341:
1302:
1200:
1175:
1154:
1128:
1099:
1067:
329:
3307:
1476:
1261:
1219:
3436:
3431:
3183:
3421:
334:
267:
960:
610:
say that "a great slaughter of the Picts resulted". No name is given to the battle in which the slaughter occurred, yet the
3353:
3046:
3009:
2332:
272:
3300:
3240:
2771:
2143:
524:
2760:
2133:
3176:
3056:
2734:
2108:
1827:
1108:
313:
coasts — the modern regions of north-west
England and all of northern and western Scotland — are non-existent, and
265:
Very few records of ninth century events in northern
Britain survive. The main local source from the period is the
3386:
3051:
2846:
2791:
2399:
2223:
2163:
2062:
1819:
1371:
1350:
1087:
447:
194:
47:
2027:
3416:
2852:
2841:
2547:
2403:
2395:
2228:
2218:
615:
2012:
1992:
3426:
3396:
2821:
2816:
2801:
2776:
2483:
2198:
2193:
2173:
2148:
1972:
479:
3233:
3000:
2885:
2831:
2806:
2781:
2766:
2638:
2473:
2327:
2267:
2208:
2188:
2178:
2153:
2138:
651:
548:
443:
408:
2990:
2900:
2880:
2811:
2749:
2739:
2729:
2608:
2603:
2576:
2537:
2532:
2312:
2282:
2262:
2183:
2123:
2113:
2103:
1357:, The Edinburgh History of Scotland, vol. 1 (2nd ed.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
677:
289:
17:
2709:
2695:
2447:
2087:
2077:
1415:
483:
459:
220:
85:
3150:
2968:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2868:
2786:
2643:
2598:
2588:
2582:
2571:
2565:
2515:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2257:
2246:
2234:
2158:
1962:
1563:
656:
639:
501:
276:
3411:
3280:
2995:
2948:
2890:
2826:
2623:
2613:
2593:
2559:
2317:
2272:
2203:
415:
or Óláfr. As well as these leaders, various others related to them appear in the surviving record.
284:
originally ended with this
Causantín, who was reckoned the seventieth and last king of the Picts.
3032:
2670:
2618:
2542:
2351:
2347:
2322:
1952:
1907:
1188:
1142:
1116:
552:
419:
3329:
1780:
512:. Áed Findliath was married to Causantín's sister Máel Muire. She later married Áed's successor
469:
and
Northumbria were under attack, other Viking armies were active in the far north. Amlaíb and
426:, landed in East Anglia. The following year, having obtained tribute from the East Anglian King
2665:
2526:
2478:
1852:
1770:
1702:
1681:
1663:
1645:
1627:
1549:
1513:
1450:
1424:
1397:
1379:
1358:
1337:
1316:
1298:
1196:
1171:
1150:
1124:
1095:
1063:
1055:
611:
427:
186:
131:
55:
3337:
3284:
3217:
3160:
1701:, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, vol. 2, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
1544:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (1997), "Ireland, Wales, Man and the Hebrides", in Sawyer, Peter (ed.),
2983:
2973:
2863:
2836:
2688:
2520:
2440:
2433:
2252:
2213:
2072:
2007:
1726:
1578:
1481:
1266:
1224:
497:
492:
412:
379:
238:
214:
438:. The Great Army defeated an attack on York by the two rivals for the Northumbrian throne,
2978:
2723:
2553:
2505:
2495:
2489:
2097:
1892:
1463:
556:
172:
2364:
1529:
The Annals of Clonmacnoise, being annals of Ireland from the earliest period to A.D. 1408
1527:
1077:
562:
Amlaíb disappears from Irish annals after his return to Ireland in 871. According to the
3076:
2963:
2920:
2874:
2659:
2302:
1847:
1740:
1329:
1004:
661:
647:
574:
540:
520:
371:
367:
363:
249:
149:
1605:
1168:
The Irish Identity of the Kingdom of the Scots in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
3380:
1857:
681:
487:
435:
935:
3101:
2858:
2240:
1917:
1414:: kingship and identity in the ninth and tenth centuries", in Taylor, Simon (ed.),
1184:
1163:
1138:
1112:
280:
2453:
2017:
1500:
1297:, Studies in the Early History of Britain, Leicester: Leicester University Press,
1285:
1243:
744:, reproduces these lists and discusses their origins, further discussed by Broun,
964:
3269:
3106:
3091:
2676:
1997:
1977:
1937:
1902:
1788:
528:
513:
359:
314:
302:
294:
234:
3263:
3205:
3144:
1722:
1485:
1270:
1228:
3081:
3071:
3061:
2648:
2510:
2047:
2002:
1947:
1932:
1927:
1872:
1694:
1468:
1253:
1211:
627:
3096:
3066:
2653:
2628:
2042:
2037:
1967:
1957:
1922:
1882:
1862:
1038:
1021:
631:
505:
383:
306:
159:
136:
2754:
2128:
1111:(1999), "The Scottish Takeover of Pictland and the relics of Columba", in
305:
and the former Pictland, are limited and late, those for the areas on the
3213:
3086:
2633:
2458:
2022:
1987:
1982:
1942:
1897:
1877:
1867:
1842:
1763:
1582:
1137:
Broun, Dauvit (1999), "Dunkeld and the origins of Scottish Identity", in
685:
591:
536:
532:
318:
310:
258:
73:
3004:
2910:
2292:
2052:
1912:
1887:
1837:
1510:
The Saints of Scotland: Essays in Scottish Church History A.D. 450–1093
623:
509:
474:
455:
439:
423:
411:
to Ireland, Halfdán — Albdann in Irish, Healfdene in Old English — and
404:
375:
230:
226:
144:
1332:(2000), "The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba", in Taylor, Simon (ed.),
1313:
Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014
1040:
Lebor Bretnach (The Irish version of the Historia Britonum of Nennius)
2796:
2744:
2468:
2463:
2168:
2118:
619:
470:
466:
451:
2716:
2092:
2032:
635:
583:
573:
544:
355:
328:
297:
248:
204:
2500:
665:
587:
431:
351:
254:
123:
2368:
1792:
1376:
The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence
795:, pp. 277–285; Ó Corráin, "Vikings in Scotland and Ireland" ...
1193:
Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots. Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland
1147:
Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots. Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland
1121:
Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots. Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland
473:(Ásl or Auðgísl), said to be his brother, brought an army to
889:
Woolf, AU 913.1, Byrne p. 857, poss. same as Amlaíb's wife.
478:
accurate, this woman should be identified as a daughter of
1564:"The Vikings in Scotland and Ireland in the Ninth Century"
366:, spoken on the western coasts of Britain and in Ireland;
1079:
Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers A.D. 500 to 1286
422:, probably a part of the forces which had been active in
731:, pp. 87–93; Dumville, "Chronicle of the Kings of Alba".
46:
c. 1733 Engraving of King Causantín mac Cináeda made by
3341:
3288:
3221:
3164:
271:, a list of kings from Cináed mac Ailpín (died 858) to
3392:
Scottish pre-union military personnel killed in action
1062:, vol. I (2nd ed.), Stamford: Paul Watkins,
622:. In 877, shortly after building a new church for the
680:
and his descendants represented the main line of the
490:. While Amlaíb and Auisle were in north Britain, the
418:
Viking activity in Britain increased in 865 when the
287:
For narrative history, the principal sources are the
218:
208:
198:
176:
83:
3336:
This biography of a member of Scottish royalty is a
1548:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 83–109,
1094:(2nd ed.), Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press,
450:
as king of the Northumbrians. Their next target was
2061:
1826:
614:notes a battle fought between Danes and Scots near
482:, and thus Causantín's sister, or as a daughter of
155:
143:
130:
118:
108:
97:
93:
79:
69:
61:
54:
34:
1678:Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500–1297
1467:
1417:Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500–1297
1334:Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500–1297
1252:
1210:
1060:Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500 to 1286
664:calls it the "Black Den". Causantín was buried on
1532:, Dublin: Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
1149:, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 96–111,
504:, took advantage of their absence to destroy the
1123:, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, pp. 71–94,
844:Downham, Higham, Keynes, Ó Corráin, Smyth, Woolf
374:, spoken in large parts of western Britain; and
1394:Picts, Gaels and Scots: Early Historic Scotland
1209:Costambeys, Marios (2004). "Hálfdan (d. 877)".
646:as placing Causantín's death at Inverdovat (by
407:— Ímar in Irish sources — who was active from
3361:
3308:
3241:
3184:
2380:
1804:
1624:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
1546:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
1423:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 62–72,
1336:, Dublin: Four Courts Press, pp. 73–86,
1251:Costambeys, Marios (2004). "Ívarr (d. 873)".
350:Writing a century before Causantín was born,
8:
1642:Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland A.D. 80–1000
1480:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1265:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1223:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
606:again report a Viking army in Pictland; the
2947:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
862:Downham, Ó Corráin, Smyth, Woolf, AU 866.1.
3368:
3354:
3315:
3301:
3248:
3234:
3191:
3177:
3124:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
3023:
2939:
2417:
2412:
2387:
2373:
2365:
1811:
1797:
1789:
1731:
898:AU 870.6, AU 871.2, Woolf, Downham, Smyth.
31:
1644:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
1378:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
618:but notes a subsequent "annihilation" at
578:"Constantine's Cave" – also known as the
382:. By the ninth century a sixth language,
362:, the language of the Angles and Saxons;
3159:This Scottish biographical article is a
1466:(2004). "Óláf the White (fl. 853–871)".
1447:The Kingdom of Northumbria A.D. 350–1100
1043:, CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2002
1026:, CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2003
1009:, CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts, 2003
660:names the place as the "Black Cave" and
18:Causantín mac Cináeda, King of the Picts
1477:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1470:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1262:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1255:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1220:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1213:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
720:
697:
594:: the supposed death place of Causantín
162:, King of the Picts (Cináed mac Ailpín)
559:was married to a sister of Causantín.
547:replaced it as the chief place of the
430:, the Great Army moved north, seizing
241:. He died fighting one such invasion.
1592:from the original on 16 February 2005
1440:from the original on 29 February 2008
358:, the common language of the church;
275:(died 995). The list survives in the
197:, but contemporary sources described
7:
3326:
3324:
3259:
3257:
3202:
3200:
3140:
3138:
1092:Kings and Kingship in Early Scotland
987:St Andrews: City by the Northern Sea
551:, as Alt Clut was later known. King
531:, the chief place of the kingdom of
354:recorded five languages in Britain.
193:in reference to his place in modern
1626:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1355:Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom
1006:The Annals of Ulster, A.D. 431–1201
465:While the kingdoms of East Anglia,
458:, aided by his brother-in-law King
114:possibly Inverdovat, Fife, Scotland
3340:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
3287:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
3220:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
3163:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1610:, CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
582:("Black Cave") – at Balcomie near
519:In 870, Amlaíb and Ívarr attacked
25:
963:. 23 January 2018. Archived from
27:King of the Picts from 862 to 877
3328:
3268:
3262:
3204:
3149:
3143:
1195:, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark,
570:Last days of the Pictish kingdom
516:. Her death is recorded in 913.
386:, had arrived with the Vikings.
40:
2424:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
1725:at the official website of the
1699:From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070
543:was largely abandoned and that
2421:Monarchs of England until 1603
989:(Edinburgh: Berlinn, 2006), 9.
650:), which appears to match the
564:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
397:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
335:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
268:Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
1:
3402:9th-century Scottish monarchs
1820:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
1680:, Dublin: Four Courts Press,
1607:Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
1604:Radner, Joan N., ed. (1975),
1562:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (1998),
1170:, Woodbridge: Boydell Press,
535:, south-western neighbour of
508:along the northern coasts of
182:
101:
1526:Murphy, Dennis, ed. (1896),
1501:UK public library membership
1286:UK public library membership
1244:UK public library membership
293:and the Irish annals. While
3031:British monarchs after the
1676:Taylor, Simon, ed. (2000),
1622:Sawyer, Peter, ed. (1997),
1076:Anderson, Alan Orr (1908),
321:are of primary importance.
217:"), he succeeded his uncle
139:, King of the Picts/of Alba
3453:
3323:
3256:
3199:
3137:
1512:, Edinburgh: John Donald,
1392:Foster, Sally M. (2004) ,
1293:Crawford, Barbara (1987),
880:Byrne? Ó Corráin? AU 866.4
195:lists of Scottish monarchs
3407:Monarchs killed in action
3119:
3042:
3026:
3022:
2959:
2942:
2938:
2415:
2411:
2341:
1777:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1734:
1660:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1658:Swanton, Michael (1996),
1640:Smyth, Alfred P. (1984),
1508:MacQuarrie, Alan (1997),
778:, pp. 168–169; Anderson,
48:Richard Cooper, the elder
39:
1410:Herbert, Máire (2000), "
925:Woolf, Downham, AU 873.3
1662:, New York: Routledge,
1311:Downham, Clare (2007),
961:"THE PICTISH CHRONICLE"
907:AU 872.5, Smyth, Woolf.
835:Downham, Keynes, Woolf.
333:The king's name in the
189:. He is often known as
3437:Scottish royalty stubs
3432:Scottish history stubs
3283:-related article is a
3216:-related article is a
1828:Monarchs of the Picts
1736:Causantín mac Cináeda
1486:10.1093/ref:odnb/49263
1445:Higham, N. J. (1993),
1315:, Edinburgh: Dunedin,
1271:10.1093/ref:odnb/49261
1229:10.1093/ref:odnb/49260
985:Raymond Lamont-Brown,
936:"The Annals of Ulster"
871:Downham, ??, FAA.
761:, pp. 133–164; Woolf,
595:
549:kingdom of Strathclyde
347:
273:Cináed mac Maíl Coluim
262:
219:
209:
199:
177:
84:
3422:Scottish people stubs
2063:Monarchs of the Scots
1295:Scandinavian Scotland
817:Downham, Smyth, Woolf
654:. The account in the
577:
401:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
332:
290:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
252:
178:Còiseam mac Choinnich
169:Causantín mac Cináeda
3001:William III & II
2566:Henry the Young King
2516:Edward the Confessor
2484:Æthelred the Unready
2144:Constantine III (IV)
2109:Constantine II (III)
1583:10.1484/J.Peri.3.334
1396:, London: Batsford,
657:Chronicle of Melrose
640:William Forbes Skene
502:High King of Ireland
434:, chief city of the
277:Poppleton Manuscript
261:concerning Causantín
2949:Union of the Crowns
2174:Malcolm III Canmore
1412:Ri Éirenn, Ri Alban
1189:Clancy, Thomas Owen
1143:Clancy, Thomas Owen
1117:Clancy, Thomas Owen
652:Prophecy of Berchán
370:, ancestor of the
325:Languages and names
3033:Acts of Union 1707
2996:James II & VII
2689:Kenneth I MacAlpin
2474:Edgar the Peaceful
2247:Second Interregnum
2214:William I the Lion
2083:Constantine I (II)
2073:Kenneth I MacAlpin
1449:, Stroud: Sutton,
1056:Anderson, Alan Orr
1023:Chronicon Scotorum
967:on 23 January 2018
780:Kings and Kingship
742:Kings and Kingship
596:
553:Artgal of Alt Clut
484:Cináed mac Conaing
462:, drove them off.
460:Æthelred of Wessex
420:Great Heathen Army
348:
263:
221:Domnall mac Ailpín
3349:
3348:
3296:
3295:
3229:
3228:
3172:
3171:
3132:
3131:
3115:
3114:
3018:
3017:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2479:Edward the Martyr
2362:
2361:
2235:First Interregnum
1787:
1786:
1778:Succeeded by
1771:King of the Picts
1708:978-0-7486-1234-5
1499:(Subscription or
1322:978-1-903765-89-0
1284:(Subscription or
1242:(Subscription or
1082:, London: D. Nutt
480:Cináed mac Ailpín
210:Cináed mac Ailpín
187:king of the Picts
166:
165:
56:King of the Picts
16:(Redirected from
3444:
3387:Pictish monarchs
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3363:
3356:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3281:Scottish history
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3266:
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3250:
3243:
3236:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3147:
3139:
3024:
2984:Richard Cromwell
2974:The Protectorate
2964:James I & VI
2940:
2521:Harold Godwinson
2441:Edward the Elder
2434:Alfred the Great
2418:
2413:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2366:
2355:
2346:also monarch of
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1761:Preceded by
1751:
1732:
1727:British monarchy
1711:
1690:
1672:
1654:
1636:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1591:
1568:
1558:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1522:
1504:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1473:
1464:Hudson, Benjamin
1459:
1441:
1439:
1422:
1406:
1388:
1372:Duncan, A. A. M.
1367:
1351:Duncan, A. A. M.
1346:
1325:
1307:
1289:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1258:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1216:
1205:
1180:
1159:
1133:
1104:
1083:
1072:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1017:
1016:
1014:
990:
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
957:
951:
950:
948:
946:
932:
926:
923:
917:
914:
908:
905:
899:
896:
890:
887:
881:
878:
872:
869:
863:
860:
854:
851:
845:
842:
836:
833:
827:
824:
818:
815:
809:
806:Pictland to Alba
802:
796:
793:Pictland to Alba
789:
783:
772:
766:
763:Pictland to Alba
755:
749:
738:
732:
729:Pictland to Alba
725:
708:
702:
676:Causantín's son
608:Annals of Ulster
604:Annals of Ulster
493:Annals of Ulster
380:northern Britain
239:northern Britain
224:
215:Kenneth MacAlpin
212:
202:
184:
180:
103:
89:
44:
32:
21:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3417:Burials in Iona
3377:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3322:
3321:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3198:
3197:
3148:
3142:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3111:
3038:
3014:
2979:Oliver Cromwell
2955:
2930:
2925:
2772:Constantine III
2681:
2506:Harold Harefoot
2496:Edmund Ironside
2407:
2402: and
2393:
2363:
2358:
2345:
2337:
2064:
2057:
2013:Constantine (I)
1893:Galam Cennalath
1829:
1822:
1817:
1783:
1774:
1766:
1745:
1744:
1737:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1693:
1688:
1675:
1670:
1657:
1652:
1639:
1634:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1543:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1520:
1507:
1498:
1490:
1488:
1462:
1457:
1444:
1437:
1431:
1420:
1409:
1404:
1391:
1386:
1370:
1365:
1349:
1344:
1330:Dumville, David
1328:
1323:
1310:
1305:
1292:
1283:
1275:
1273:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1231:
1208:
1203:
1183:
1178:
1162:
1157:
1136:
1131:
1109:Bannerman, John
1107:
1102:
1088:Anderson, M. O.
1086:
1075:
1070:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1003:
999:
994:
993:
984:
980:
970:
968:
959:
958:
954:
944:
942:
934:
933:
929:
924:
920:
916:Woolf, Downham.
915:
911:
906:
902:
897:
893:
888:
884:
879:
875:
870:
866:
861:
857:
852:
848:
843:
839:
834:
830:
825:
821:
816:
812:
803:
799:
790:
786:
773:
769:
756:
752:
739:
735:
726:
722:
717:
712:
711:
703:
699:
694:
674:
572:
392:
390:Amlaíb and Ímar
327:
253:A signboard in
247:
207:king. A son of
185:836-877) was a
126:
113:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3450:
3448:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3427:Scotland stubs
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3397:House of Alpin
3394:
3389:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3333:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3276:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3209:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3156:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3027:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2875:Edward Balliol
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:Constantine II
2732:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2663:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2527:Edgar Ætheling
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2409:
2408:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1756:Regnal titles
1753:
1752:
1741:House of Alpin
1738:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1718:
1717:External links
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1691:
1686:
1673:
1668:
1655:
1650:
1637:
1632:
1619:
1601:
1559:
1554:
1541:
1523:
1518:
1505:
1460:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1407:
1402:
1389:
1384:
1368:
1363:
1347:
1342:
1326:
1321:
1308:
1303:
1290:
1248:
1206:
1201:
1181:
1176:
1160:
1155:
1134:
1129:
1105:
1100:
1084:
1073:
1068:
1052:
1035:
1018:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
991:
978:
952:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
797:
784:
776:Irish Identity
767:
765:, pp. 220–221.
759:Irish Identity
750:
733:
719:
718:
716:
713:
710:
709:
696:
695:
693:
690:
673:
670:
662:John of Fordun
648:Newport-on-Tay
571:
568:
541:Dumbarton Rock
521:Dumbarton Rock
391:
388:
372:Welsh language
326:
323:
246:
243:
164:
163:
157:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
134:
128:
127:
122:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
81:
77:
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71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3449:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3318:
3313:
3311:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3260:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:Alexander III
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:Constantine I
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Alexander III
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2065:(traditional)
2060:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:Galan Erilich
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1830:(traditional)
1825:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1723:Constantine I
1721:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:1-85182-516-9
1683:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1669:0-415-92129-5
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1651:0-7486-0100-7
1647:
1643:
1638:
1635:
1633:0-19-285434-8
1629:
1625:
1620:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1560:
1557:
1555:0-19-285434-8
1551:
1547:
1542:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:0-85976-446-X
1515:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1456:0-86299-730-5
1452:
1448:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1430:1-85182-516-9
1426:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1403:0-7134-8874-3
1399:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1385:0-7486-1626-8
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:0-901824-83-6
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:1-85182-516-9
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1304:0-7185-1282-0
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1202:0-567-08682-8
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:Broun, Dauvit
1182:
1179:
1177:0-85115-375-5
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:Broun, Dauvit
1161:
1158:
1156:0-567-08682-8
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1139:Broun, Dauvit
1135:
1132:
1130:0-567-08682-8
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1113:Broun, Dauvit
1110:
1106:
1103:
1101:0-7011-1604-8
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1069:1-871615-03-8
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
996:
988:
982:
979:
966:
962:
956:
953:
941:
937:
931:
928:
922:
919:
913:
910:
904:
901:
895:
892:
886:
883:
877:
874:
868:
865:
859:
856:
850:
847:
841:
838:
832:
829:
823:
820:
814:
811:
807:
801:
798:
794:
788:
785:
781:
777:
771:
768:
764:
760:
754:
751:
747:
746:Irish origins
743:
737:
734:
730:
724:
721:
714:
707:
701:
698:
691:
689:
687:
683:
682:kings of Alba
679:
671:
669:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
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593:
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581:
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569:
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546:
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538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
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503:
499:
498:Áed Findliath
495:
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489:
488:king of Brega
485:
481:
476:
472:
468:
463:
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457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Northumbrians
433:
429:
425:
421:
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414:
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389:
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381:
377:
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308:
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244:
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228:
223:
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216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
192:
191:Constantine I
188:
179:
174:
173:Modern Gaelic
170:
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148:
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142:
138:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
111:
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92:
88:
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78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
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30:
19:
3342:expanding it
3335:
3289:expanding it
3278:
3275:
3222:expanding it
3211:
3165:expanding it
3158:
3134:
3123:
3102:Elizabeth II
3030:
2946:
2873:
2851:
2842:Alexander II
2759:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2669:
2658:
2581:
2564:
2552:
2525:
2488:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2245:
2233:
2219:Alexander II
2082:
1918:Gartnait III
1769:
1747:
1739:
1698:
1677:
1659:
1641:
1623:
1612:, retrieved
1606:
1594:, retrieved
1574:
1570:
1545:
1534:, retrieved
1528:
1509:
1489:. Retrieved
1475:
1469:
1446:
1416:
1411:
1393:
1375:
1354:
1333:
1312:
1294:
1274:. Retrieved
1260:
1254:
1232:. Retrieved
1218:
1212:
1192:
1167:
1146:
1120:
1091:
1078:
1059:
1045:, retrieved
1039:
1028:, retrieved
1022:
1011:, retrieved
1005:
997:Bibliography
986:
981:
969:. Retrieved
965:the original
955:
943:. Retrieved
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
826:Check Nelson
822:
813:
805:
800:
792:
787:
779:
775:
770:
762:
758:
753:
745:
741:
736:
728:
723:
705:
700:
675:
655:
643:
607:
603:
599:
598:In 875, the
597:
580:Nigra Specus
579:
563:
561:
523:, where the
518:
496:record that
491:
464:
417:
400:
396:
393:
378:, spoken in
349:
344:
341:
338:
295:Scandinavian
288:
286:
281:genealogical
266:
264:
190:
168:
167:
29:
3107:Charles III
3092:Edward VIII
2822:Alexander I
2802:Malcolm III
2777:Kenneth III
2677:Elizabeth I
2639:Richard III
2199:Alexander I
2149:Kenneth III
2100:(uncertain)
1998:Talorgan II
1963:Nechtan III
1938:Gartnait IV
1903:Gartnait II
1695:Woolf, Alex
1614:10 February
1577:: 296–339,
940:celt.ucc.ie
529:River Clyde
525:River Leven
514:Flann Sinna
454:where King
409:East Anglia
360:Old English
315:archaeology
303:Northumbria
235:Northumbria
229:, based in
70:Predecessor
3412:877 deaths
3381:Categories
3082:Edward VII
3072:William IV
3062:George III
2991:Charles II
2886:Robert III
2832:Malcolm IV
2807:Donald III
2782:Malcolm II
2767:Kenneth II
2649:Henry VIII
2609:Richard II
2604:Edward III
2538:William II
2511:Harthacnut
2328:William II
2313:Charles II
2268:Robert III
2209:Malcolm IV
2189:Donald III
2179:Donald III
2154:Malcolm II
2139:Kenneth II
2048:Bridei VII
2003:Drest VIII
1948:Bridei III
1933:Talorgan I
1928:Talorc III
1908:Nechtan II
1873:Gartnait I
1596:1 December
1536:1 December
1503:required.)
1491:25 October
1288:required.)
1276:25 October
1246:required.)
1234:25 October
1030:29 October
853:Keynes ...
740:Anderson,
715:References
706:Constantín
684:and later
642:reads the
628:St Andrews
527:meets the
506:longphorts
339:Constantin
203:only as a
3097:George VI
3067:George IV
3057:George II
2969:Charles I
2951:from 1603
2901:James III
2881:Robert II
2837:William I
2812:Duncan II
2740:Malcolm I
2730:Donald II
2654:Edward VI
2644:Henry VII
2629:Edward IV
2599:Edward II
2589:Henry III
2572:Richard I
2533:William I
2454:Æthelstan
2318:James VII
2308:Charles I
2283:James III
2263:Robert II
2184:Duncan II
2114:Malcolm I
2104:Donald II
2043:Ciniod II
2038:Bridei VI
2018:Óengus II
1968:Drest VII
1958:Bridei IV
1923:Bridei II
1883:Talorc II
1863:Drest III
1848:Nechtan I
1047:4 October
1013:2 October
672:Aftermath
644:Chronicle
632:Fife Ness
612:Chronicle
600:Chronicle
384:Old Norse
368:Brythonic
307:Irish Sea
200:Causantín
160:Kenneth I
137:Donald II
80:Successor
35:Causantín
3214:Scotland
3087:George V
3077:Victoria
3052:George I
2921:James VI
2906:James IV
2896:James II
2869:David II
2864:Robert I
2853:Margaret
2787:Duncan I
2696:Donald I
2634:Edward V
2624:Henry VI
2614:Henry IV
2594:Edward I
2560:Henry II
2459:Edmund I
2448:Ælfweard
2406:monarchs
2400:Scottish
2303:James VI
2288:James IV
2278:James II
2258:David II
2253:Robert I
2229:Margaret
2159:Duncan I
2078:Donald I
2023:Drest IX
1993:Alpín II
1988:Ciniod I
1983:Bridei V
1978:Óengus I
1943:Drest VI
1898:Bridei I
1878:Cailtram
1868:Drest IV
1853:Drest II
1843:Talorc I
1775:862–877
1764:Donald I
1697:(2007),
1587:archived
1435:archived
1374:(2002),
1353:(1978),
1191:(1999),
1166:(1999),
1145:(eds.),
1119:(eds.),
1090:(1980),
1058:(1990),
808:, p. 12.
782:, p. 78.
686:Scotland
602:and the
592:Scotland
537:Pictland
533:Alt Clut
448:Ecgberht
399:and the
319:toponymy
311:Atlantic
259:Scotland
74:Donald I
3005:Mary II
2911:James V
2891:James I
2827:David I
2792:Macbeth
2724:Eochaid
2619:Henry V
2554:Matilda
2548:Stephen
2543:Henry I
2404:British
2398:,
2396:English
2352:Ireland
2348:England
2323:Mary II
2293:James V
2273:James I
2204:David I
2164:Macbeth
2098:Eochaid
2053:Drest X
1973:Alpín I
1913:Cinioch
1888:Drest V
1838:Drest I
1571:Peritia
971:6 April
945:6 April
804:Woolf,
791:Woolf,
774:Broun,
757:Broun,
727:Woolf,
678:Domnall
634:, near
624:Culdees
510:Ireland
475:Fortriu
456:Burgred
440:Osberht
424:Francia
376:Pictish
245:Sources
231:Ireland
227:Vikings
205:Pictish
65:862–877
2916:Mary I
2797:Lulach
2761:Amlaíb
2755:Cuilén
2745:Indulf
2671:Philip
2666:Mary I
2469:Eadwig
2464:Eadred
2169:Lulach
2134:Amlaíb
2129:Cuilén
2119:Indulf
2008:Conall
1746:
1705:
1684:
1666:
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1630:
1552:
1516:
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1453:
1427:
1400:
1382:
1361:
1340:
1319:
1301:
1282:
1240:
1199:
1174:
1153:
1127:
1098:
1066:
620:Atholl
616:Dollar
471:Auisle
467:Mercia
452:Mercia
428:Edmund
413:Amlaíb
156:Father
119:Burial
3279:This
3212:This
2817:Edgar
2717:Giric
2583:Louis
2490:Sweyn
2194:Edgar
2093:Giric
2033:Uurad
1953:Taran
1748:Died:
1590:(PDF)
1567:(PDF)
1438:(PDF)
1421:(PDF)
704:also
692:Notes
636:Crail
584:Crail
545:Govan
405:Ívarr
364:Irish
356:Latin
345:Kinet
298:sagas
150:Alpin
145:House
132:Issue
62:Reign
3338:stub
3285:stub
3218:stub
3161:stub
3047:Anne
3010:Anne
3003:and
2859:John
2668:and
2660:Jane
2577:John
2501:Cnut
2350:and
2333:Anne
2298:Mary
2241:John
2028:Uuen
1703:ISBN
1682:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1628:ISBN
1616:2007
1598:2007
1550:ISBN
1538:2007
1514:ISBN
1493:2007
1451:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1380:ISBN
1359:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1278:2007
1236:2007
1197:ISBN
1172:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1064:ISBN
1049:2008
1032:2007
1015:2007
973:2022
947:2022
666:Iona
588:Fife
444:Ælla
442:and
432:York
403:are
352:Bede
317:and
309:and
255:Fife
237:and
124:Iona
109:Died
98:Born
2750:Dub
2710:Áed
2124:Dub
2088:Áed
1781:Áed
1750:877
1579:doi
1482:doi
1267:doi
1225:doi
626:at
586:in
557:Run
112:877
104:836
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