124:
372:, which became popular at the end of the 39th century, that is, around 3800 BC (or a few decades later ). The fashion for causewayed enclosures took off in the late 38th century, starting in east Britain and rapidly spreading west, with construction peaking in the third quarter of the 37th century. At this time the long barrows were closed up or at least went out of use. Following a lull, a final round of construction of causewayed enclosures happened in the 36th century, and at the same time the usage of existing enclosures (as marked by deposition in the ditches, and continued re-cutting) increased. Some enclosures were in use for only a generation, while others, such as the
333:, evidence of human occupation predates the enclosure. Generally, it appears that the ditches were permitted to silt up, even while the camps were in use, and then re-excavated episodically. It is unlikely that they had a strong defensive purpose. The earthworks may have been designed to keep out wild animals rather than people. The sequential addition of second, third and fourth circuits of banks and ditches may have come about through growing populations adding to the significance of their peoples' monument over time. In some cases, they appear to have evolved into more permanent settlements.
413:
25:
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The first causewayed enclosures were constructed in
Western Europe in the fifth millennium BC and by the early third millennium BC; notable regional variations occur in their construction. French examples begin to demonstrate elaborate horn-shaped entrances which are interpreted as being designed to
245:
evidence implies that the enclosures were visited occasionally by
Neolithic groups rather than being permanently occupied. The presence of human remains in the banks and ditches of the enclosures has been seen as an attempt by the builders to connect their ancestors with the land and thus begin to
384:, were used for centuries, continuing until the 35th or 34th centuries BC. Throughout this period of primary use, a number of examples were identified of violence and attacks at enclosures. After the 36th century, a new type of monument, the
368:, which provided unprecedented historical precision for the Neolithic period. This showed that following the start of the Neolithic in Britain, i.e. the arrival of the first farmers in the 41st century BC, the first monuments built were
250:
excavated along the ditches by archaeologists suggest that the builders repeatedly redug the ditches and each time deliberately deposited pottery and human and animal bones, apparently as a regular
258:
suggests that the
European landscape was heavily forested when the enclosures were built; they were rare clearings in the woodland that were used for various social and economic activities.
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which give the monuments their names. It appears that the ditches were excavated in sections, leaving the wide causeways intact in between. They should not be confused with segmented, or
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Other interpretations have seen the causeways as symbolic of multi-directional access to the site by scattered communities, the enclosures as funerary centres for
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226:, which appeared later and had a definite defensive function. With regard to defensive functionality, however, evidence of timber
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The dates of construction and use of causwayed enclosures in
Britain and Ireland were the subject of a seminal study using
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have been found at the sites, however there has been limited evidence of any structures. In some locations, such as
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Enclosures located in lowland areas are generally larger than hilltop ones. Crossing the ditches at intervals are
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Bayliss, Alex; Marshall, Peter; Dee, Michael W.; Friedrich, Michael; Heaton, Timothy J.; Wacker, Lukas (2020).
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Causewayed enclosures are often located on hilltop sites, encircled by one to four concentric
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or the construction of the site being a communal act of creation by a fragmented society.
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Gathering Time: Dating the Early
Neolithic Enclosures of Southern Britain and Ireland
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The
Creation of Monuments: Neolithic Causewayed Enclosures of the British Isles
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2027:
1989:
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532:, are believed to have served a similar purpose in south western Britain.
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151:. It is an enclosure marked out by ditches and banks, with a number of
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The term "causewayed enclosure" is now preferred to the older term,
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Marking Place: New perspectives on early
Neolithic enclosures
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away in the intervening millennia and are recognized through
155:
crossing the ditches. More than 100 examples are recorded in
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Animal remains (especially cattle bone), domestic waste and
353:
impress from afar rather than serve any practical purpose.
728:
Whittle, Alasdair; Healy, Frances; Bayliss, Alex (2011).
749:"IntCal20 Tree Rings: An Archaeological Swot Analysis"
388:, became popular. All this long preceded the earliest
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2008:
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
265:suggested seven possible functions for the sites:
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404:Examples of causewayed enclosures include:
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
652:
336:Most causewayed enclosures have been
246:anchor themselves to specific areas.
230:has been found at some sites such as
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
665:. Vol. 14. Oxbow Books. 2022.
167:, while further sites are known in
817:A. Oswald, M. Barber and C. Dyer,
14:
2519:Megalithic architectural elements
1364:↓ Bronze Age Europe ↓
872:↑ Mesolithic Europe ↑
606:in its second construction phase.
3260:Types of monuments and memorials
23:
3138:Evolutionary origin of religion
588:Magheraboy Causewayed Enclosure
261:In the 1970s the archaeologist
139:is a type of large prehistoric
34:needs additional citations for
1:
2751:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2281:British megalith architecture
1343:Secondary products revolution
2746:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2286:Nordic megalith architecture
294:Communal meeting places for
298:and other social activities
3276:
2894:British Isles and Brittany
2815:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
2579:
2562:
2214:
2201:
1663:
1480:
1467:
1410:
1361:
898:First Temperate Neolithic
869:
711:"Search All Publications"
256:Environmental archaeology
416:Causewayed enclosure at
131:, a causewayed enclosure
3126:Evolutionary musicology
2529:Oldest extant buildings
2456:Archaeological features
1975:Prepared-core technique
1284:Unchambered long barrow
435:Combe Hill, East Sussex
220:causewayed ring ditches
3088:Unchambered long cairn
2936:Mound Builders culture
2269:Neolithic architecture
1404:Prehistoric technology
903:Linear Pottery culture
519:Windmill Hill, Avebury
421:
378:Windmill Hill, Avebury
331:Windmill Hill, Avebury
132:
58:"Causewayed enclosure"
3250:Causewayed enclosures
2763:List of Stone Age art
1965:Microblade technology
1913:Langdale axe industry
1511:Ard / plough
637:Albersdorf-Dieksknöll
415:
392:monuments, including
248:Longitudinal sections
126:
16:Prehistoric earthwork
3170:Prehistoric medicine
3165:Prehistoric counting
3148:Prehistoric religion
3143:Paleolithic religion
3121:Behavioral modernity
2478:Causewayed enclosure
2370:Abri de la Madeleine
1494:Neolithic Revolution
1353:Proto-Indo-Europeans
1317:Neolithic long house
1174:Causewayed enclosure
671:10.2307/j.ctv22fqbzs
143:common to the early
137:causewayed enclosure
43:improve this article
3209:Prehistoric warfare
1955:Magdalenian culture
1918:Levallois technique
1849:Earliest toolmaking
1219:Megalithic entrance
1097:Starčevo–Körös–Criș
893:Corded Ware culture
773:10.1017/RDC.2020.77
765:2020Radcb..62.1045B
159:and 70 in Southern
3160:Origin of language
3153:Spiritual drug use
3063:Rectangular dolmen
2965:Dartmoor kistvaens
2778:Carved stone balls
2490:Circular enclosure
2449:Other architecture
2392:Alp pile dwellings
1980:Solutrean industry
1891:Gravettian culture
1541:Secondary products
1239:Rectangular dolmen
1007:Gumelnița–Karanovo
967:Cucuteni–Trypillia
604:Castro of Zambujal
528:, such as that at
490:Rams Hill (on the
422:
342:aerial archaeology
133:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3182:Prehistoric music
3131:music archaeology
2788:Cup and ring mark
2613:Clothing/textiles
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2000:Yubetsu technique
1985:Striking platform
1950:Lithic technology
1835:
1834:
1820:Game drive system
1739:Projectile points
1631:Mortar and pestle
1370:
1369:
1307:Lithic industries
864:
680:978-1-78925-709-0
498:Robin Hood's Ball
362:radiocarbon dates
210:with an internal
119:
118:
111:
93:
3267:
3255:Stone Age Europe
3197:Divje Babe flute
3104:Archaeoastronomy
2847:Petrosomatoglyph
2581:
2564:
2413:Water management
2216:
2203:
2106:Denticulate tool
1928:Lithic reduction
1661:
1482:
1469:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1338:Danubian culture
1234:Polygonal dolmen
1077:Seine–Oise–Marne
997:Globular Amphora
858:
856:Neolithic Europe
849:
842:
835:
826:
803:
802:
784:
759:(4): 1045–1078.
744:
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715:Historic England
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3078:Stone box grave
3048:Megalithic tomb
2953:Cotswold-Severn
2905:
2810:Guardian stones
2738:Prehistoric art
2732:
2575:
2550:
2539:Timber trackway
2444:
2408:
2404:Wattle and daub
2257:
2236:Standing stones
2210:
2189:
2004:
1831:
1808:
1733:
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1560:Food processing
1555:
1504:New World crops
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1463:
1406:
1401:
1371:
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1357:
1326:
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1199:Guardian stones
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977:Decea Mureşului
908:
888:Cardium pottery
874:
865:
859:(including the
853:
814:
812:Further reading
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492:Berkshire Downs
444:Gloucestershire
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196:causewayed camp
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3187:Alligator drum
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3114:lunar calendar
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3097:Other cultural
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2901:Venus figurine
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2832:Megalithic art
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2783:Cave paintings
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2301:Cliff dwelling
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1910:
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1886:Fire hardening
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1876:Clovis culture
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1799:Manis Mastodon
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1678:throwing stick
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629:
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617:Monte da Lagoa
612:
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594:
585:
574:
571:
570:
569:
564:
559:
554:
545:
538:
535:
534:
533:
526:tor enclosures
522:
516:
513:Whitehawk Camp
510:
504:
495:
488:
482:
473:
464:
455:
449:Hambledon Hill
446:
437:
432:
409:
406:
401:
398:
382:Hambledon Hill
366:Gathering Time
349:
346:
316:
315:
309:
299:
292:
286:
277:
272:
243:Archaeological
239:
236:
232:Hambledon Hill
203:
200:
129:Whitehawk camp
117:
116:
99:September 2019
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
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3207:
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3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Simple dolmen
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Passage grave
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
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3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:Gallery grave
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
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2927:
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2920:
2919:Burial mounds
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:Statue menhir
2877:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2867:Stone carving
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
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2735:
2727:
2724:
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2719:
2718:
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2709:
2707:
2706:Sewing needle
2704:
2700:
2697:
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2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Timber circle
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2483:Tor enclosure
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2471:fulacht fiadh
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
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2249:
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2224:
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2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2184:
2181:
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2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
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2099:
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2087:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
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2047:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
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1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
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1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1924:
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1916:
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1907:
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1899:
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1879:
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1740:
1736:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1707:spear-thrower
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:Bow and arrow
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1647:
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1634:
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1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:Grinding slab
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
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1562:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:Domestication
1524:
1522:
1521:Digging stick
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Founder crops
1497:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:New Stone Age
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:Tor enclosure
1277:
1275:
1274:Timber circle
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Statue menhir
1257:
1255:
1254:Simple dolmen
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1229:Passage grave
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1151:Windmill Hill
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:Pit–Comb Ware
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
911:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
883:
881:
877:
873:
868:
862:
857:
850:
845:
843:
838:
836:
831:
830:
827:
820:
816:
815:
811:
809:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
740:
735:
731:
724:
721:
716:
712:
706:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:
656:
653:
646:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
626:
622:
618:
615:
614:
610:
605:
602:
601:
597:
593:
589:
586:
584:
583:County Antrim
580:
577:
576:
572:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
536:
531:
527:
523:
520:
517:
515:, East Sussex
514:
511:
509:, West Sussex
508:
505:
503:
499:
496:
493:
489:
487:, East Sussex
486:
483:
481:
477:
474:
472:
468:
465:
463:
459:
456:
454:
450:
447:
445:
441:
440:Crickley Hill
438:
436:
433:
431:
427:
426:Barkhale Camp
424:
423:
419:
414:
407:
405:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
347:
345:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
323:
321:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
297:
293:
290:
287:
285:
282:compounds or
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
266:
264:
263:Peter Drewett
259:
257:
253:
249:
244:
237:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
199:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
130:
125:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3014:wedge-shaped
2999:Funeral pyre
2992:Great dolmen
2948:Chamber tomb
2929:Round barrow
2884:Stone circle
2756:Blombos Cave
2684:Grooved ware
2608:Chalcolithic
2512:Thornborough
2477:
2430:Flush toilet
2365:Blombos Cave
2360:Rock shelter
2316:Quiggly hole
2208:Architecture
2183:illustration
1825:Buffalo jump
1646:Storage pits
1609:Aşıklı Höyük
1599:Ground stone
1435:Subdivisions
1302:Grooved ware
1264:Stone circle
1249:Round barrow
1194:Great dolmen
1173:
1162:architecture
987:Funnelbeaker
861:Chalcolithic
818:
808:
756:
752:
742:
729:
723:
714:
705:
689:j.ctv22fqbzs
661:
655:
592:County Sligo
562:La Coterelle
543:Champ Durand
480:Bedfordshire
476:Maiden Bower
403:
394:Stonehenge I
370:long barrows
365:
360:analysis of
355:
351:
335:
324:
317:
260:
241:
205:
202:Construction
195:
193:
136:
134:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3036:unchambered
3031:Long barrow
3021:Grave goods
2977:Court cairn
2972:Clava cairn
2924:Bowl barrow
2862:Rock cupule
2805:Golden hats
2798:Hill figure
2699:Unstan ware
2679:Cord-marked
2544:Sweet Track
2466:Burnt mound
2387:Stilt house
2375:Sibudu Cave
2168:Tally stick
2136:Quern-stone
2121:Hammerstone
2111:Fire plough
2082:Pesse canoe
2040:Bannerstone
2010:Other tools
1923:Lithic core
1871:Aurignacian
1759:Bare Island
1641:Quern-stone
1322:Unstan ware
1209:Long barrow
1169:Bank barrow
1126:Tiszapolgár
1092:Sredny Stog
1057:Pitted Ware
753:Radiocarbon
734:Oxbow Books
521:, Wiltshire
507:The Trundle
485:Offham Hill
430:West Sussex
320:excarnation
169:Scandinavia
3244:Categories
3175:trepanning
3068:Ring cairn
3026:Jar burial
3009:transepted
2941:U.S. sites
2842:Petroglyph
2768:Bird stone
2726:wine press
2399:Stone roof
2382:Roundhouse
2274:long house
2251:Stonehenge
2219:Ceremonial
2163:Stone tool
1990:Tool stone
1960:Metallurgy
1864:Mousterian
1841:Toolmaking
1779:Cumberland
1752:Transverse
1722:Schöningen
1614:Qesem cave
1582:Earth oven
1536:Irrigation
1447:Technology
1415:Prehistory
1348:Old Europe
1312:Metallurgy
1294:Technology
1160:Monumental
957:Cortaillod
782:1893/31644
732:. Oxford:
647:References
641:Büdelsdorf
567:La Mastine
548:Chez Reine
502:Stonehenge
270:Settlement
127:Sketch of
69:newspapers
3219:symbolism
3083:Tor cairn
3041:Grønsalen
2982:Cremation
2874:Sculpture
2852:Pictogram
2837:Petroform
2657:amber use
2625:Cosmetics
2435:Reservoir
2420:Check dam
2350:Pueblitos
2345:Pit-house
2328:Longhouse
2262:Dwellings
2131:Microlith
2062:Bow drill
2057:Bone tool
2050:prismatic
1859:Acheulean
1774:Cresswell
1747:Arrowhead
1673:Boomerang
1589:Granaries
1551:Terracing
1430:Stone Age
1269:Stone row
942:Cernavodă
799:223647996
791:0033-8222
697:243830065
530:Carn Brea
471:Wiltshire
467:Knap Hill
374:type site
228:palisades
224:hillforts
216:causeways
153:causeways
145:Neolithic
141:earthwork
2857:Rock art
2820:painting
2793:Geoglyph
2618:timeline
2598:Beadwork
2338:Mehrgarh
2333:Mudbrick
2241:megalith
2116:Fire-saw
1938:debitage
1933:analysis
1901:Hand axe
1881:Cupstone
1459:Glossary
1420:Timeline
1331:Concepts
1214:Megalith
1146:Wartberg
1103:Starčevo
1047:Petrești
1027:Karanovo
1012:Hamangia
1002:Gornești
962:Coțofeni
952:Chasséen
914:Cultures
880:Horizons
598:Portugal
579:Donegore
557:Diconche
552:Semussac
400:Examples
358:Bayesian
338:ploughed
296:feasting
238:Function
189:Slovakia
3214:Symbols
2825:pigment
2711:Weaving
2674:Cardium
2669:Pottery
2664:Mirrors
2652:Jewelry
2593:Baskets
2573:culture
2425:Cistern
2231:Pyramid
2173:Weapons
2151:Scraper
2141:Racloir
2101:Cleaver
2089:Chopper
1995:Uniface
1906:Grooves
1896:Hafting
1854:Oldowan
1813:Systems
1764:Cascade
1727:woomera
1717:harpoon
1690:history
1656:Hunting
1636:Pottery
1577:Cooking
1486:Farming
1452:history
1425:Outline
1141:Vučedol
1072:Rzucewo
1032:Lengyel
982:Dudești
761:Bibcode
632:Germany
625:Galicia
573:Ireland
458:Hembury
420:, Kent.
408:England
327:pottery
308:centres
291:centres
275:Defence
208:ditches
185:Ireland
177:Germany
173:Belgium
161:England
83:scholar
3192:flutes
2987:Dolmen
2911:Burial
2721:winery
2694:Linear
2524:Midden
2502:Cursus
2495:Goseck
2355:Pueblo
2306:Dugout
2291:Burdei
1970:Mining
1794:Lamoka
1789:Folsom
1769:Clovis
1626:Metate
1604:Hearth
1572:Basket
1546:Sickle
1244:Rondel
1224:Menhir
1189:Dolmen
1184:Cursus
1082:Sesklo
1067:Rössen
1022:Kakanj
1017:Horgen
972:Danilo
937:Butmir
927:Beaker
821:(1999)
797:
789:
695:
687:
677:
537:France
453:Dorset
418:Burham
386:cursus
380:, and
348:Dating
312:Burial
306:ritual
284:kraals
280:Cattle
252:ritual
157:France
149:Europe
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3109:sites
3053:Mummy
2773:Cairn
2689:Jōmon
2640:shoes
2635:Hides
2507:Henge
2461:Broch
2323:Jacal
2178:Wheel
2126:Knife
2072:Canoe
2067:Burin
2045:Blade
1943:flake
1804:Plano
1712:baton
1702:Spear
1668:Arrow
1621:Manos
1474:Tools
1204:Henge
1136:Vinča
1131:Varna
1121:Tisza
1108:Körös
1087:Sopot
1042:Neman
1037:Narva
992:Gaudo
947:Cerny
932:Boian
922:Baden
905:(LBK)
795:S2CID
693:S2CID
685:JSTOR
621:Narón
611:Spain
550:near
524:Some
500:near
462:Devon
390:henge
314:sites
289:Trade
212:bank.
181:Italy
165:Wales
90:JSTOR
76:books
3202:gudi
2960:Cist
2889:list
2716:Wine
2645:Ötzi
2630:Glue
2603:Beds
2571:and
2569:Arts
2440:Well
2296:Cave
2226:Kiva
2156:side
2146:Rope
2094:tool
2028:bone
2018:Adze
1784:Eden
1697:Nets
1567:Fire
1531:Goad
1516:Celt
1179:Cist
1113:Criş
1062:Pfyn
787:ISSN
675:ISBN
302:Cult
187:and
163:and
62:news
2311:Hut
2246:row
2077:Oar
2035:Axe
2023:Awl
777:hdl
769:doi
667:doi
619:in
147:in
45:by
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