2818:
197:
5110:
949:
112:
1038:
visited
Cayubaba, there were only 100 people from the group, who apart from their language, kept very little of their native culture. The Cayubaba region was famous for growing tobacco. At the time of the exploitation of rubber, the commercialization of tobacco was intense throughout the country, and
1030:
The first to establish contact with the
Cayubaba was the Jesuit missionary priest, P. Agustín Zapata in 1693. As Crevels and Muysken (2012) point out, it was during this first visit to Cayubaba territory that Father Zapata saw seven villages, of which six had approximately 1,800 inhabitants and one
1063:
Above all, the
Cayubaba focus on traditional farming, growing rice, yucca, corn, bananas, sugar cane, beans, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, etc. They also raised livestock, although on a small scale. The Cayubaba community meets at the Subcentral Indígena Cayubaba, which is affiliated to the Indigenous
1929:'kneel down' to express an ongoing action. As for the process of affixation, the verb can be modified by a series of prefixes and suffixes that indicate the subject, object, time, appearance, mode, etc., for example, the first-position prefixes that mark time and appearance, such as the
2105:
Cayubaba does not present a fixed constituent order. The only mandatory element in the clause is that the predicate usually precedes the subject and objects, as is observed in (5). If the subject is a free personal pronoun, then it always precedes the predicate, as observed in
2414:= in its subordinate function, for example, is used to indicate add-ons, as in (10), and it can also complete an adverbial subordinate, as in (11). It also distinguishes conjunctions that mark subordinate clauses and appear at the beginning of the sentence, for example, "=
1031:
had more than 2,000. At the beginning of the 18th century, P. Antonio
Garriga funded the Mission of Exaltation of the Holy Cross, which was primarily inhabited by the Cayubaba. Later the Missions of San Carlos, Conception, and Peñas were founded.
1114:
As indicated by
Crevels and Muysken (2012), despite all the tentative proposals to genetically classify Cayubaba (see, for example, Greenberg, 1987); Kaufman, 1990, 1994; Suárez, 1974), the language is still considered a
1127:
Cayubaba presents the following system of consonantal phonemes (taken from
Crevels and Muysken, 2012) based on (Key 1961), 1962, 1967). The consonant phoneme represented below with /r/ has allophones that include .
1047:. In the mid- 20th century, however, the cultivation of tobacco was almost stopped by the mass emigration of Cayubaba to Exaltación, who were fleeing the measles epidemic that almost decimated the population.
1811:
The personal pronouns in
Cayubaba function as independent elements, but they actually are derived from verb forms. The basic pronouns, which are presented in Table 3, are derived from the existential verb
500:
5306:
4993:
3679:
2276:
With respect to the nominal phrase, the modifier precedes the nucleus, as shown in (7). However, the possessive element follows that which is possessed, as is observed in (8).
3199:
Crevels, Mily y
Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
3185:
Crevels, Mily y
Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
3171:
Crevels, Mily y
Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
3157:
Crevels, Mily y Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
3051:
Crevels, Mily y Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
2941:
Crevels, Mily y Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
2885:
Crevels, Mily y Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
2871:
Crevels, Mily y Muysken, Pieter (2012). Cayubaba. En: Mily Crevels y Pieter Muysken (eds.) Lenguas de Bolivia, tomo II Amazonía, 341-374. La Paz: Plural editores. (en prensa)
1018:
Since the declaration of the Supreme Decree N.º 25894 on September 11, 2000, Cayubaba has been one of the official indigenous languages of Bolivia, which was included in the
5031:
4981:
3660:
5311:
2344:
In Cayubaba, processes of incorporation are observed, as in (9), which consist of the incorporation of the direct object in the verb, which is in the same accent group.
2987:
4988:
2991:
3296:
1816:'there are', 'exist'. In this verb form, the direct object marker is suffixed. In the case of plural pronouns, you can put the personal markers before the suffix
4971:
979:
893:
5301:
4976:
2774:
5212:
5164:
4879:
4438:
3638:
853:
1082:, there were 2,203 of Cayubaba, of whom 1,246 learned speak Cayubaba language in their childhood and for only 12 Cayubaba was their main language.
848:
495:
4826:
5024:
3653:
3673:
2907:
619:
4387:
3669:
1312:
1357:
In the second table, we are presented with the system of vowel phonemes (taken from Crevels and Muysken, 2012) and based on (Key, 1961).
3609:
3289:
3268:
1067:
As of 2005, Mily Crevels reported that only two elderly speakers remain in the village of Exaltación, located on the left bank of the
4846:
5017:
4251:
3646:
4801:
4811:
3709:
4998:
4866:
3931:
1339:
1232:
1064:
Peoples Center of Beni (CPIB) and is, therefore, a member of the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia (CIDOB).
972:
1820:‘present active state'. These pronouns may be considered, then, like presentative pronouns in the sense of 'I'm the one who...'.
3238:
1437:
1414:
4155:
2072:'almost' (surely), to have the intention. Within the enclitic elements, there are locative enclitics, e.g. "=jahi" 'below', "=
2963:
519:
4821:
4816:
4631:
4240:
5296:
4920:
4544:
3282:
2749:
1193:
4851:
4831:
4766:
2845:
1423:
1332:
485:
381:
161:
4806:
4290:
1520:
In regards to adjectives, many adjectival concepts are expressed through predicate adjectives formed with the affixes
1391:
1348:
965:
614:
609:
4841:
4791:
4355:
3950:
3470:
3376:
1465:
Regarding the vocabulary and word classes in Cayubaba, the following can be pointed out (Crevels and Muysken, 2012):
279:
4955:
3584:
1444:
1305:
1225:
1218:
933:
564:
386:
4796:
4682:
4597:
4360:
4140:
4037:
1597:) 'five more' to form numbers up to ten. The numbers eleven to nineteen are formed with the augmentative suffix -
4781:
1291:
586:
438:
3437:
3254:
391:
5040:
4756:
4751:
4306:
1400:
1055:
As shown by Crevels and Muysken (2012), the territory of Cayubaba forms part of a region historically known as
903:
649:
505:
211:
801:
2593:
5089:
4786:
3769:
3628:
1200:
1186:
1179:
1019:
928:
828:
559:
2782:
4940:
4900:
4776:
4771:
4761:
4746:
4284:
4212:
4056:
3992:
3970:
3935:
3447:
3442:
2817:
1035:
863:
3212:
2924:
2617:
4950:
4930:
4915:
4874:
4836:
4621:
4573:
4458:
4185:
4115:
4052:
1298:
1259:
1252:
766:
578:
490:
5084:
4397:
3871:
3736:
3237:
Key, H. (1975). Lexicon-dictionary of Cayuvava-English. (Language Data Amerindian Series, 5). Dallas:
1532:
This is to say, it is difficult to establish criteria for the class of adjectives separate from verbs.
806:
5222:
5094:
5064:
4925:
4905:
4707:
4641:
4502:
4446:
4295:
4018:
3878:
3589:
3389:
3305:
2494:
2398:
2267:
2183:
2051:
1990:
1266:
1079:
1012:
401:
259:
221:
5069:
4945:
4910:
4884:
4402:
4377:
4270:
4206:
4162:
4111:
4101:
3944:
3796:
3754:
3513:
3487:
3482:
3351:
693:
474:
361:
339:
284:
274:
269:
249:
5109:
1603:(and, in addition to). Starting from one hundred, borrowed words from Castilian are used, such as
5235:
5182:
5074:
4698:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4636:
4578:
4490:
4463:
4365:
4348:
4219:
4195:
4150:
4133:
4096:
4091:
3906:
3789:
3749:
3698:
3552:
3519:
3429:
3338:
3092:
2981:
1144:
1139:
1040:
791:
728:
708:
688:
366:
309:
254:
204:
187:
4516:
3913:
3892:
3759:
3578:
738:
5245:
5207:
5059:
4935:
4856:
4583:
4556:
4523:
4418:
4334:
4300:
4274:
4246:
4231:
4167:
4073:
4066:
3857:
3804:
3782:
3775:
3718:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3399:
3138:
3115:
3084:
2969:
2959:
2903:
1640:
pig'. In addition, there are also six complex and productive processes of nominal composition:
1322:
1283:
1210:
1171:
1159:
1149:
1072:
996:
771:
718:
460:
396:
334:
329:
324:
196:
2064:
and enclitic elements. Within the proclitic elements, there are modal/evidential proclitics,
743:
673:
5250:
5202:
5197:
5134:
4687:
4654:
4610:
4591:
4537:
4496:
4476:
4392:
4341:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4257:
4173:
4086:
4080:
4031:
3963:
3956:
3899:
3885:
3864:
3830:
3825:
3764:
3725:
3568:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3477:
3465:
3457:
3394:
3319:
3076:
1116:
1099:
1095:
1091:
820:
758:
600:
514:
415:
371:
349:
344:
319:
289:
178:
91:
2152:
1624:
Regarding the morphology of Cayubaba, the following is presented from Crevels and Muysken:
5275:
5240:
5187:
5144:
5099:
4713:
4647:
4483:
4427:
4201:
4145:
3998:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3562:
3508:
3503:
3409:
3384:
3258:
2101:
With regard to the syntax of Cayubaba, the following is seen (Crevels and Muysken, 2012):
1244:
1154:
1060:
1004:
923:
898:
858:
356:
304:
239:
234:
229:
83:
56:
4123:
4119:
3744:
1068:
1059:(or Moxos), that covers approximately 200,000 square kilometers of what is currently the
1044:
1008:
5230:
5177:
5172:
5149:
5079:
4741:
4720:
4603:
4566:
4530:
4024:
4010:
3986:
3979:
3624:
3557:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3217:
2122:
2118:
1103:
953:
796:
628:
244:
2217:
2025:
1956:
153:
5290:
5139:
4509:
4452:
4412:
3547:
3366:
3096:
2475:
2446:
2383:
2033:
1972:
1910:
1629:
1373:
878:
781:
703:
633:
294:
5270:
5129:
5054:
3920:
1056:
776:
376:
314:
1925:
elements. There are certain types of reduplication, for example reduplication in
2831:
1368:
1034:
At the beginning of the 19th century, when Swedish geologist and paleontologist
683:
428:
423:
299:
166:
17:
5154:
5124:
2810:
1385:
1378:
1278:
868:
733:
3142:
3119:
3088:
2973:
2805:
2775:"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2012 Bolivia Características de la Población"
2408:
1431:
1408:
1166:
883:
873:
723:
713:
678:
668:
663:
539:
534:
529:
433:
146:
130:
5009:
638:
2900:
Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume I: Aikanã to Kandozi-Chapra
137:
3264:
2471:
2442:
2379:
2029:
1968:
1922:
1733:
is appended to the first element of the sentence, as seen in (Figure 2).
888:
658:
653:
623:
2589:
2581:
2540:
2536:
2517:
2463:
2434:
2360:
2203:
2164:
2160:
2013:
1960:
3274:
3112:
Fonotacticas del cayuvava : traduccion de bella A. vda. De cuellar
1000:
786:
698:
117:
46:
1469:
In Cayubaba, there are five distinct word classes: verbs, for example
3251:
2061:
1918:
1723:
3007:
Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more
2929:(Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
3080:
2544:
2430:
2168:
1628:
Regarding the nominal morphology, Cayuvava shows a process of full
1090:
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the
2235:
1914:
524:
1729:= as observed in (Figure 1). In nominal sentences, the proclitic
2926:
Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas
2620:(1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Cayuvava.
643:
5013:
3642:
3278:
2156:
1782:
1747:
2488:{NEG-always-1SG-CL-to say-2SG.OI} {SUB-1SG-CL-to leave-2SG.OD}
2407:
Cayubaba also presents different subordination processes. The
2356:
2177:{CMPL-INTL-to bring} water ART-woman COM.LOC-3SG-house-3SG.POS
2009:
1952:
2846:"Constitución Política del Estado (CPE) - Infoleyes Bolivia"
2585:
2521:
2467:
2438:
2364:
2213:
2017:
1964:
76:
12 (main language), 1,246 (learned in childhood) (2012)
2021:
3039:. Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition. pp. 105–112.
2532:
2513:
2459:
2375:
2326:
2199:
2141:
1751:
1555:
The basic numerical system includes five numerals:
2779:
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, República de Bolivia
2060:
The verbal complex can also be modified by a series of
3067:
Key, Harold (April 1961). "Phonotactics of Cayuvava".
2076:'outside', the temporal or aspectual enclitics, e.g. "
2258:ãree a-poërëre-ha karata toro-takorako mitia takorako
1909:
As for the verbal morphology, there are processes of
1655:
noun nucleus (possessed) + noun modifier (possessor)
1535:
In addition, Cayubaba presents some adverbs, such as
1530:
pa-i-ra-ha ''Well, be well', pa-tï-ha 'red, is red'.
1071:. One elderly speaker was also found in the city of
5263:
5221:
5163:
5117:
5047:
4964:
4893:
4865:
4734:
4696:
4620:
4554:
4437:
4376:
4269:
4229:
4183:
4110:
4050:
4008:
3930:
3818:
3735:
3708:
3688:
3602:
3496:
3456:
3428:
3375:
3337:
3328:
3312:
160:
144:
128:
123:
103:
98:
80:
70:
62:
52:
42:
32:
3216:
3219:Classification of South American Indian languages
1716:‘pequeña hormiga negra’(lit. ‘small-ant-black’)
1585:(five). These numerals can be combined with the
1505:(2SG), and modifiers and particles, for example
5307:Endangered indigenous languages of the Americas
3062:
3060:
2261:PRO:3SG {CL-to buy-RES} one M-rooster two hens
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1536:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
5025:
3654:
3290:
3069:International Journal of American Linguistics
2954:Greenberg, Joseph Harold, 1915-2001. (1987).
973:
8:
2986:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1722:The plural nominal is expressed through the
1022:, which was introduced on February 7, 2009.
2923:Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016).
2898:Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023).
2769:
2767:
2765:
2084:'now', and the relational enclitics, e.g. "
5218:
5032:
5018:
5010:
4005:
3732:
3705:
3661:
3647:
3639:
3334:
3297:
3283:
3275:
3223:. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
2990:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2624:
1666:sequence of roots with figurative meaning
980:
966:
173:
29:
3670:Indigenous language families and isolates
2556:{SUB-3SG-CL-to sell} ART-3SG-pork-3SG.POS
2174:ari-a-ñuhu kita ki=tò̃rene dy-a-ñika-che
1823:
1643:
1359:
1130:
1015:, with a population of 794 inhabitants.
2761:
2180:‘The woman brought water to her house.’
210:
203:
185:
2979:
3022:The native languages of South America
2801:
2799:
2491:'I tell you, I will never leave you.’
7:
995:(Cayuvava, Cayuwaba, Kayuvava) is a
3114:. Instituto Linguistico de Verano.
1683:‘dueño de casa’ (lit. ‘have-home’)
1636:'iguana', and partial, for example
5302:Language isolates of South America
3269:Intercontinental Dictionary Series
2493:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
2397:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
2266:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
2182:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
2050:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
1989:Unknown glossing abbreviation(s) (
1933:-'hypothetical future' in (3) and
1106:language families due to contact.
1003:. The Cayubaba people inhabit the
25:
2264:'He buys a rooster and two hens.’
1443:
1436:
1422:
1413:
1399:
1390:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
5108:
2816:
2392:FUT-1SG-CL-make-house PRO:2SG.OI
2045:FUT-1SG-CL-learn~CAUS.INC-2SG.OD
1705:‘maíz suave’ (lit. ‘soft corn’)
1493:(monkey). Pronouns, for example
947:
195:
110:
3239:Summer Institute of Linguistics
3037:South American Indian languages
5312:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area
5213:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area
2605:because {1SG-CL-to tell-3SG.O}
1:
2902:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
2750:Llanos de Moxos (archaeology)
2781:. p. 29. Archived from
1984:FUT.HIP-1SG-CL-inform-2SG.OI
1688:onomatopoeic element + noun
66:2,203 Cayubaba people (2012)
2389:mera-h-i-dïkï-ñika ãrehidya
1710:modifier + noun + modifier
1672:‘año’ (lit. ‘burning-sun’)
1481:(swim). Nouns, for example
27:Language isolate of Bolivia
5328:
4388:Arawan–Harákmbut–Katukinan
3020:Kaufman, Terrence (1994).
3005:Kaufman, Terrence (1990).
1043:became a busy port on the
1007:region to the west of the
565:Neo-Tiwanakan architecture
5106:
3618:
2553:-t-i-bòechò k-a-ukuku-che
2395:‘I will build the house.’
2092:with respect to a woman'.
1937:- 'simple future' in (4).
1594:irobo/erobo/iro/hiro/kiro
1277:
1165:
1136:
382:Western Argentine Guaraní
105:Official language in
37:
5041:Jesuit Missions of Moxos
3627:still recognized by the
2956:Language in the Americas
904:National Mint of Bolivia
802:Radio Televisión Popular
280:Eastern Bolivian Guaraní
3110:Key, Harold H. (1962).
2339:‘the father of my wife'
1987:‘(I) would inform you.’
1825:Table 3: Base Pronouns
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1537:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
4989:Unclassified languages
3610:Bolivian Sign Language
3448:South Bolivian Quechua
3443:North Bolivian Quechua
3135:Morphology of Cayuvava
3035:Suárez, Jorge (1974).
2559:‘when he sold his pig’
1917:, as well as a set of
1647:Composition processes
1110:Genetic classification
1020:Political Constitution
864:El Fuerte de Samaipata
4559:, Bolivia, and Chile)
4380:(west-central Brazil)
3629:Bolivian constitution
2850:bolivia.infoleyes.com
5297:Languages of Bolivia
3438:Cusco–Collao Quechua
3306:Languages of Bolivia
3133:Key, Harold (1967).
2608:'Because I told him’
2336:father {ART-my wife}
1632:, for example
1132:Table 1: Consonants
1080:2012 Bolivian census
854:Archaeological sites
849:World Heritage Sites
387:Wichí Lhamtés Nocten
300:Machiguenga language
4982:Marañón River basin
4847:Tequiraca–Canichana
4827:Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
2333:avope ki=ñeatò̃rene
1826:
1362:
1133:
1061:Department of Beni.
1036:Erland Nordenskiold
620:Musical instruments
603:and performing arts
392:Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz
4802:Esmeralda–Yaruroan
4735:Proposed groupings
3689:Language families
3257:2019-09-04 at the
3252:Lenguas de Bolivia
2353:mera-h-i-dïkï-ñika
1824:
1360:
1131:
954:Bolivia portal
792:Red Uno de Bolivia
729:Afro-Bolivian Saya
188:Culture of Bolivia
5284:
5283:
5259:
5258:
5007:
5006:
4977:Extinct languages
4730:
4729:
4046:
4045:
3814:
3813:
3683:
3636:
3635:
3625:extinct languages
3598:
3597:
3313:National language
3213:Loukotka, Čestmír
2909:978-3-11-041940-5
2832:"Decreto Supremo"
2814:(25th ed., 2022)
2739:
2738:
2481:ye-pe-h-a-ve-dya
2418:because' in (12).
1906:
1905:
1720:
1719:
1714:sïsïha-pichï-yïtï
1453:
1452:
1355:
1354:
1325:
1286:
1247:
1213:
1174:
1078:According to the
1051:Current situation
997:moribund language
990:
989:
486:Roman Catholicism
461:Carnaval de Oruro
172:
171:
16:(Redirected from
5319:
5219:
5112:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5011:
4999:Linguistic areas
4867:Linguistic areas
4409:? Mura–Matanawí
4156:Andoque–Urequena
4006:
3733:
3706:
3677:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3640:
3471:Eastern Bolivian
3335:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3276:
3261:(online edition)
3225:
3224:
3222:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2977:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2803:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2771:
2625:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2498:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:ye-pe-h-a-ve-dya
2402:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2328:
2271:
2237:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2201:
2187:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2143:
2124:
2120:
2055:
2042:-h-i-bekere~re-ë
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:-h-i-bekere~re-ë
1994:
1981:-h-i-bachari-dya
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:-h-i-bachari-dya
1827:
1784:
1753:
1749:
1699:modifier + noun
1694:type of monkey’
1644:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1551:
1545:
1540:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1447:
1440:
1426:
1417:
1403:
1394:
1363:
1361:Table 2: Vowels
1351:
1342:
1335:
1323:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1284:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1211:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1172:
1134:
1117:language isolate
1086:Language contact
1013:Santa Ana Yacuma
982:
975:
968:
952:
951:
950:
807:Red Patria Nueva
506:Other Protestant
350:Bolivian Spanish
199:
190:
174:
156:
140:
133:
116:
114:
113:
92:Language isolate
86:
30:
21:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5276:Beni Department
5255:
5217:
5159:
5113:
5104:
5100:Santa Magdalena
5043:
5038:
5008:
5003:
4960:
4889:
4861:
4822:Mataco–Guaicuru
4817:Katembri–Taruma
4782:Macro-Puinavean
4767:Macro-Otomákoan
4726:
4692:
4632:Mataco–Guaicuru
4616:
4550:
4433:
4372:
4265:
4241:Sechura–Catacao
4230:Pacific coast (
4225:
4184:Pacific coast (
4179:
4106:
4042:
4004:
3926:
3810:
3731:
3704:
3690:
3684:
3682:classification)
3676:
3667:
3637:
3632:
3614:
3594:
3492:
3452:
3424:
3371:
3330:
3324:
3308:
3303:
3259:Wayback Machine
3248:
3234:
3232:Further reading
3229:
3228:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2978:
2966:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2910:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2804:
2797:
2788:
2786:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2758:
2746:
2615:
2610:
2597:
2575:
2565:
2561:
2548:
2526:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2479:
2450:
2424:
2404:
2396:
2387:
2369:
2350:
2341:
2331:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2290:
2282:
2273:
2265:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2229:
2221:
2207:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2172:
2146:
2135:
2127:
2112:
2099:
2057:
2049:
2048:‘I will teach.’
2037:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1976:
1943:
1808:
1795:
1787:
1773:
1769:
1756:
1738:
1622:
1609:(one hundred),
1463:
1458:
1125:
1112:
1088:
1053:
1028:
1011:, North of the
1001:Bolivian Amazon
986:
948:
946:
939:
938:
934:National anthem
919:
918:
909:
908:
899:Palacio Quemado
844:
843:
834:
833:
824:
823:
812:
811:
762:
761:
750:
749:
605:
604:
592:
591:
582:
581:
570:
569:
555:
554:
545:
544:
478:
477:
466:
465:
456:
455:
446:
445:
419:
418:
407:
406:
225:
224:
186:
152:
136:
129:
111:
109:
106:
99:Official status
94:
87:
84:Language family
82:
73:
72:Native speakers
57:Beni Department
28:
23:
22:
18:Cayuvava people
15:
12:
11:
5:
5325:
5323:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5289:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5227:
5225:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5014:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4994:Classification
4991:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4880:Mamoré–Guaporé
4877:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4852:Wamo–Chapakura
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4832:Moseten–Chonan
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Macro-Chibchan
4754:
4752:Macro-Arawakan
4749:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4639:
4627:
4625:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4595:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4570:
4562:
4560:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4439:Mamoré–Guaporé
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4383:
4381:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4280:
4278:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4254:
4243:
4237:
4235:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4191:
4189:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4137:
4129:
4127:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4062:
4060:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3819:Eastern Brazil
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3694:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3603:Sign languages
3600:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3575:
3572:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3262:
3247:
3246:External links
3244:
3243:
3242:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3204:
3190:
3176:
3162:
3148:
3125:
3102:
3081:10.1086/464617
3075:(2): 143–150.
3056:
3042:
3027:
3012:
2997:
2964:
2946:
2932:
2915:
2908:
2890:
2876:
2862:
2837:
2823:
2795:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2614:
2611:
2576:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2527:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2485:-h-i-hudyuhi-a
2456:-h-i-hudyuhi-a
2451:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2370:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2291:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2249:
2241:
2230:
2222:
2208:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2147:
2136:
2128:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2088:'together', =
2080:'sometimes', "
2001:
1998:
1997:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1904:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1822:
1821:
1788:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1718:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1661:‘coffee husk'
1656:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1553:
1533:
1518:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1418:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1124:
1121:
1111:
1108:
1087:
1084:
1052:
1049:
1027:
1024:
988:
987:
985:
984:
977:
970:
962:
959:
958:
957:
956:
941:
940:
937:
936:
931:
926:
920:
916:
915:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
845:
841:
840:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
825:
819:
818:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
763:
757:
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
647:
641:
636:
631:
626:
617:
612:
606:
599:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:
589:
583:
577:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
556:
552:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
511:
510:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
479:
473:
472:
471:
468:
467:
464:
463:
457:
453:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
436:
431:
426:
420:
414:
413:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
353:
352:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
226:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
208:
207:
201:
200:
192:
191:
183:
182:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
150:
142:
141:
134:
126:
125:
124:Language codes
121:
120:
107:
104:
101:
100:
96:
95:
90:
88:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
44:
43:Native to
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5324:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5111:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4956:French Guiana
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Je–Tupi–Carib
4810:
4808:
4807:Hibito–Cholon
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:Macro-Warpean
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4291:Hibito–Cholon
4289:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4260:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4252:Cañari–Puruhá
4250:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3710:Je–Tupi–Carib
3707:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3680:Campbell 2012
3675:
3674:South America
3671:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3281:
3280:
3277:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3221:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3028:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2785:on 2021-08-01
2784:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:h-i-bachari-e
2601:
2596:
2579:
2578:h-i-bachari-e
2574:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2547:
2530:
2529:k-a-ukuku-che
2525:
2511:
2509:
2499:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2428:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2373:
2368:
2354:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2323:ki=ñeatò̃rene
2319:
2316:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:mitia tò̃rene
2297:
2294:
2289:
2286:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2233:
2232:toro-takorako
2228:
2225:
2220:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2150:
2149:dy-a-ñika-che
2145:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2116:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2007:
2005:
1995:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1950:
1948:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:reduplication
1908:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:=rishò raviri
1799:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1692:sĩsĩha-ñõko '
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1630:reduplication
1627:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1615:(a thousand).
1613:
1607:
1606:karata-siento
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1582:y me(i)da(ru)
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1528:for example:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
983:
978:
976:
971:
969:
964:
963:
961:
960:
955:
945:
944:
943:
942:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
913:
912:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:Mollo culture
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
838:
837:
830:
827:
826:
822:
816:
815:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
760:
754:
753:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
651:
648:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
602:
596:
595:
588:
585:
584:
580:
574:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
549:
548:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
482:Christianity
481:
480:
476:
470:
469:
462:
459:
458:
450:
449:
442:
441:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
417:
411:
410:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
351:
348:
347:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
223:
217:
216:
213:
209:
206:
202:
198:
194:
193:
189:
184:
180:
176:
175:
168:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
149:
148:
143:
139:
135:
132:
127:
122:
119:
108:
102:
97:
93:
89:
85:
79:
75:
69:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5271:Beni savanna
5192:
5080:Santos Reyes
4842:Saparo–Yawan
4792:Arutani–Sape
4777:Macro-Panoan
4772:Macro-Paesan
4762:Macro-Jibaro
4747:Macro-Andean
4719:
4712:
4683:Lule–Vilelan
4653:
4646:
4609:
4602:
4590:
4565:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4451:
4426:
4417:
4356:Saparo–Yawan
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4285:Pano–Tacanan
4283:
4256:
4218:
4211:
4194:
4188:and Ecuador)
4172:
4132:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4030:
4023:
3997:
3985:
3978:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3951:Arutani–Sape
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3803:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3724:
3717:
3697:
3691:and isolates
3620:
3577:
3567:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3377:Pano–Tacanan
3218:
3207:
3198:
3193:
3184:
3179:
3170:
3165:
3156:
3151:
3134:
3128:
3111:
3105:
3072:
3068:
3050:
3045:
3036:
3030:
3021:
3015:
3006:
3000:
2955:
2949:
2940:
2935:
2925:
2918:
2899:
2893:
2884:
2879:
2870:
2865:
2854:. Retrieved
2852:(in Spanish)
2849:
2840:
2826:
2809:
2787:. Retrieved
2783:the original
2778:
2616:
2607:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2549:
2531:
2528:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2429:
2426:
2415:
2411:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2374:
2371:
2355:
2352:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2212:
2210:a-poërëre-ha
2209:
2198:
2195:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2151:
2148:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2117:
2114:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:certainty',
2065:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1713:
1703:chakïrï-hiki
1702:
1691:
1680:
1677:verb + noun
1669:
1658:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1612:karata-mirie
1576:chaada/chaad
1529:
1525:
1521:
1464:
1461:Word classes
1356:
1126:
1113:
1089:
1077:
1069:Mamoré River
1066:
1054:
1045:Mamoré River
1033:
1029:
1017:
1009:Mamoré River
992:
991:
929:Coat of arms
560:Architecture
439:
315:Plautdietsch
264:
145:
5090:San Joaquín
5065:San Ignacio
4837:Quechumaran
4797:Bora–Witoto
4697:Far South (
4598:Uru–Chipaya
4574:Quechumaran
4459:Nambikwaran
4141:Bora–Witoto
4038:Ticuna–Yuri
2510:-t-i-bòechò
2367:-make-house
2306:‘two women’
1882:3rd person
1861:2nd person
1840:1st person
1803:PL=new oars
1670:ridore-maka
1558:karata/kata
1511:'perhaps',
709:Auqui Auqui
689:Suri Sicuri
684:Doctorcitos
491:Mennonitism
424:Pique macho
372:Uru-Chipaya
5291:Categories
5223:Chapacuran
5085:Exaltación
5070:San Javier
4708:Qawasqaran
4642:Guaicuruan
4611:Mapudungun
4447:Chapacuran
4361:Peba–Yagua
4296:Cahuapanan
4213:Yurumanguí
3797:Chiquitano
3770:Maxakalian
3678:(based on
3514:Chiquitano
3329:Indigenous
3137:. Mouton.
2965:0804713154
2856:2019-06-03
2811:Ethnologue
2789:2020-04-01
2756:References
2613:Vocabulary
2470:-to leave-
2138:ki=tò̃rene
2115:ari-a-ñuhu
1915:affixation
1806:‘new oars'
1764:PL=ART-man
1620:Morphology
1564:mitia/mite
1546:(slowly),
1279:Continuant
1041:Exaltación
869:Incallajta
782:Bolivisión
777:Bolivia TV
767:Television
734:Macheteros
579:Literature
270:Chiquitano
250:Callahuaya
5264:Geography
5236:Chapacura
5183:Canichana
5165:Languages
5135:Canichana
5095:Santa Ana
5075:San Borja
4972:Languages
4941:Venezuela
4901:Argentina
4894:Countries
4885:Amazonian
4497:Mosetenan
4491:Canichana
4403:Katukinan
4398:Harákmbut
4349:Tequiraca
4220:Esmeralda
4207:Barbacoan
4163:Guajiboan
4102:Jirajaran
4057:Venezuela
3993:Otomacoan
3945:Yanomaman
3936:Venezuela
3872:Pankararú
3790:Rikbaktsá
3623:indicate
3585:Weenhayek
3553:Kallawaya
3520:Canichana
3331:languages
3143:252959637
3120:757420791
3097:144694971
3089:0020-7071
2982:cite book
2974:466159954
2958:. Calif.
2631:Cayuvava
2588:-to tell-
2409:proclitic
2303:two women
2125:-to bring
2062:proclitic
1927:ròmò-ròmò
1919:proclitic
1832:singular
1767:'the men'
1724:proclitic
1681:vede-ñika
1659:hebë-kafe
1634:wïrï-wïrï
1591:element (
1573:(three),
1524:(+i)... +
1484:veje-veje
1324:Voiceless
1212:Voiceless
1167:Occlusive
1123:Phonology
894:Buildings
884:Pumapunku
874:Iskanwaya
842:Monuments
739:Taquirari
724:Chacarera
714:Llamerada
679:Waca Waca
669:Kullawada
664:Caporales
615:Composers
610:Musicians
540:Anchanchu
530:Pachamama
501:Mormonism
496:Methodism
454:Festivals
434:Silpancho
310:Pacahuara
255:Canichana
222:Languages
147:Glottolog
131:ISO 639-3
63:Ethnicity
5246:Rocorona
5208:Reyesano
5193:Cayubaba
5145:Cayuvava
5060:Trinidad
5048:Missions
4951:Suriname
4931:Paraguay
4916:Colombia
4678:Huarpean
4673:Charruan
4668:Zamucoan
4663:Mascoyan
4637:Matacoan
4579:Quechuan
4503:Yuracaré
4470:Cayubaba
4464:Bororoan
4419:Matanawí
4366:Zaparoan
4335:Taushiro
4307:Candoshi
4301:Jivaroan
4196:Chibchan
4186:Colombia
4151:Witotoan
4134:Tucanoan
4116:Colombia
4097:Timotean
4092:Tiniguan
4053:Colombia
3879:Tarairiú
3858:Katembri
3826:Karirian
3765:Krenakan
3750:Jabutian
3737:Macro-Jê
3699:Arawakan
3590:Yuracaré
3527:Cayubaba
3420:Yaminawa
3415:Toromona
3405:Reyesano
3400:Ese Ejja
3390:Cavineño
3339:Arawakan
3265:Cayuvava
3255:Archived
3215:(1968).
2806:Cayubaba
2744:See also
2618:Loukotka
2524:-to sell
2441:-to say-
2433:-always-
2372:ãrehidya
2329:-my wife
2251:takorako
2238:-rooster
2216:-to buy-
1967:-inform-
1923:enclitic
1899:/ãre-hi-
1874:/ãre-hi-
1853:/ãre-hi-
1650:Example
1638:uku-ku '
1579:(four),
1487:(wind),
1475:(give),
1145:Alveolar
1140:Bilabial
1073:Trinidad
993:Cayubaba
889:Tiwanaku
829:Olympics
719:Cambitas
659:Morenada
654:Diablada
624:Charango
475:Religion
429:Salteñas
402:Yuracaré
397:Yaminawa
367:Toromona
335:Saraveca
330:Reyesano
265:Cayubaba
260:Cavineña
179:a series
177:Part of
167:Cayuvava
154:cayu1262
38:Kayuvava
33:Cayubaba
5251:Quitemo
5203:Tsimané
5198:Itonama
5155:Tsimané
5150:Itonama
5118:Peoples
4926:Ecuador
4906:Bolivia
4857:Amerind
4655:Payaguá
4624:–Pampas
4592:Puquina
4584:Aymaran
4555:Andes (
4538:Irantxe
4477:Itonama
4342:Urarina
4328:Waorani
4321:Munichi
4314:Omurano
4258:Mochica
4247:Chimuan
4202:Chocoan
4174:Puinave
4168:Nadahup
4081:Andaquí
4051:Andes (
4019:Sáliban
3957:Arutani
3932:Orinoco
3719:Cariban
3621:Italics
3574:Tonalla
3569:Puquina
3543:Itonama
3538:Chipaya
3483:Sirionó
3478:Guarayu
3466:Guaraní
3430:Quechua
3395:Chácobo
3352:Iñapari
3320:Spanish
2727:yedava
2687:toréne
2663:ai-che
2655:kurapa
2639:karata
2573:because
2293:tò̃rene
2163:-house-
2070:manoro=
2020:-learn~
1835:plural
1567:(two),
1561:(one),
1552:(good).
1499:(1SG),
1456:Grammar
1374:Central
1160:Glottal
1150:Palatal
1026:History
999:of the
917:Symbols
859:Chiripa
787:Red ATB
744:Chovena
699:Pujllay
674:Ch´utas
587:Writers
520:Judaism
416:Cuisine
362:Tapieté
345:Spanish
340:Sirionó
325:Quechua
320:Puquina
290:Itonama
285:Iñapari
275:Guaraní
205:History
118:Bolivia
47:Bolivia
5241:Napeca
5188:Movima
5140:Movima
5055:Loreto
4946:Guyana
4911:Brazil
4714:Yaghan
4688:Chonan
4648:Guachí
4517:Aikanã
4484:Movima
4428:Trumai
4393:Arawan
4378:Amazon
4271:Amazon
4124:Vaupés
4120:Japurá
4112:Amazon
4087:Paezan
3999:Yaruro
3907:Xukurú
3851:Baenan
3844:Gamela
3837:Taruma
3831:Purían
3760:Karajá
3755:Kamakã
3726:Tupian
3579:Warázu
3563:Movima
3533:Chimán
3509:Ayoreo
3504:Aymara
3458:Tupian
3410:Tacana
3385:Araona
3141:
3118:
3095:
3087:
2972:
2962:
2906:
2735:iñíka
2724:jaguar
2711:iráre
2703:idore
2695:ikita
2668:tongue
2647:mítia
2539:-pork-
2416:chu" '
2318:father
2224:karata
2144:-woman
2097:Syntax
2082:=ñoho"
2078:koidi"
2066:chui='
1790:raviri
1779:=rishò
1761:=i-asi
1744:=i-asi
1588:rirobo
1570:kurapa
1517:(now).
1496:ãre-ai
1285:Voiced
1173:Voiced
1102:, and
1100:Takana
1096:Bororo
1092:Arawak
797:UNITEL
772:Cinema
650:Dances
639:N'vike
357:Tacana
305:Movima
240:Ayoreo
235:Aymara
230:Araona
212:People
181:on the
115:
53:Region
5231:Itene
5178:Baure
5130:Baure
4965:Lists
4921:Chile
4875:Chaco
4721:Chono
4699:Chile
4622:Chaco
4604:Kunza
4567:Culle
4545:Arara
4531:Kwazá
4524:Kanoê
4413:Muran
4146:Boran
4126:area)
4074:Camsá
4067:Cofán
4025:Betoi
3987:Guamo
3980:Warao
3893:Wamoé
3805:Guató
3783:Ofayé
3776:Jaikó
3497:Other
3362:Pauna
3347:Baure
3093:S2CID
2732:house
2719:xiki
2716:maize
2692:water
2684:woman
2679:daxe
2660:tooth
2652:three
2628:gloss
2315:avope
2296:women
2285:mitia
2243:mitia
2133:water
2086:=dyë"
2074:puti"
1889:/ããr-
1600:hiiñe
1549:irire
1538:pïïrë
1502:ãre-a
1369:Front
1246:Nasal
1155:Velar
1057:Mojos
821:Sport
759:Media
704:Tobas
694:Tinku
634:Tarka
601:Music
525:Ekeko
515:Islam
245:Baure
5173:Moxo
5125:Mojo
4936:Peru
4742:Duho
4557:Peru
4510:Leco
4453:Mure
4275:Peru
4232:Peru
4055:and
4032:Hodï
4011:Duho
3971:Máku
3964:Sapé
3914:Yaté
3900:Xokó
3886:Tuxá
3865:Natú
3558:Moré
3548:Leco
3488:Yuki
3367:Yine
3357:Moxo
3139:OCLC
3116:OCLC
3085:ISSN
2992:link
2988:link
2970:OCLC
2960:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2708:moon
2700:fire
2676:hand
2671:iné
2564:(12)
2503:(11)
2495:help
2423:(10)
2399:help
2268:help
2254:hens
2196:ãree
2184:help
2130:kita
2123:INTL
2119:CMPL
2106:(6).
2090:ma '
2052:help
2040:mera
2022:CAUS
2004:mera
1991:help
1979:mara
1947:mara
1935:mera
1931:mara
1921:and
1913:and
1901:riki
1897:riki
1895:ãre-
1885:ãre-
1876:pere
1872:pere
1870:ãre-
1864:ãre-
1849:ãre-
1843:ãre-
1793:oars
1785:=new
1754:-man
1543:boro
1514:ñõhõ
1508:kóra
1490:ñoko
1478:tavu
1472:boro
1386:High
1379:Back
1104:Tupi
1005:Beni
924:Flag
644:Erke
629:Siku
440:more
295:Leco
3921:Otí
3672:of
3077:doi
2808:at
2644:two
2636:one
2600:chu
2590:3SG
2582:1SG
2569:chu
2545:POS
2541:3SG
2537:3SG
2533:ART
2518:3SG
2514:SUB
2472:2SG
2464:1SG
2460:SUB
2443:2SG
2435:1SG
2431:NEG
2380:2SG
2376:PRO
2361:1SG
2357:FUT
2349:(9)
2327:ART
2311:(8)
2288:two
2281:(7)
2246:two
2227:one
2218:RES
2204:3SG
2200:PRO
2192:(6)
2169:POS
2165:3SG
2161:3SG
2157:LOC
2153:COM
2142:ART
2111:(5)
2030:2SG
2026:INC
2014:1SG
2010:FUT
1999:(4)
1969:2SG
1961:1SG
1957:HIP
1953:FUT
1942:(3)
1855:ere
1851:ere
1818:-hi
1814:ãre
1772:(2)
1752:ART
1737:(1)
1731:me,
1526:ha,
1432:Low
1409:Mid
553:Art
535:Tiw
377:Uru
162:ELP
138:cyb
5293::
4630:?
4572:?
4386:?
4354:?
4245:?
4139:?
4118:,
4009:?
3949:?
3802:?
3745:Jê
3091:.
3083:.
3073:27
3071:.
3059:^
2984:}}
2980:{{
2968:.
2848:.
2798:^
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2551:ki
2522:CL
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2483:ki
2476:OD
2468:CL
2454:ki
2447:OI
2439:CL
2412:ki
2401:);
2384:OI
2365:CL
2270:);
2214:CL
2186:);
2054:);
2034:OD
2018:CL
1993:);
1973:OI
1965:CL
1845:ai
1798:me
1783:PL
1777:me
1759:me
1748:PL
1742:me
1727:me
1522:pa
1233:tʃ
1194:dʒ
1119:.
1098:,
1094:,
1075:.
5033:e
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4701:)
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4273:(
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4122:–
4114:(
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3099:.
3079::
3053:.
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3009:.
2994:)
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2943:.
2912:.
2887:.
2873:.
2859:.
2834:.
2792:.
2594:O
2592:.
2584:-
2543:.
2535:-
2520:-
2516:-
2474:.
2466:-
2462:-
2445:.
2437:-
2382:.
2378::
2363:-
2359:-
2236:M
2202::
2167:.
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2155:.
2121:-
2032:.
2028:-
2024:.
2016:-
2012:-
1971:.
1963:-
1959:-
1955:.
1891:e
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1866:a
1750:=
1445:a
1438:æ
1424:o
1415:e
1401:u
1392:i
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1340:ʃ
1333:s
1313:w
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1299:r
1292:β
1267:ɲ
1260:n
1253:m
1226:t
1219:p
1201:k
1187:d
1180:b
981:e
974:t
967:v
746:)
652:(
646:)
622:(
20:)
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