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to vote. FairVote filed a policy brief in support of the legislation, writing, "We believe that the right to vote is a cornerstone of representative democracy that depends upon broadly defined voter eligibility, universal voter access to the polls, and election integrity." FairVote has also advocated
1010:
FairVote argued that fair representation voting, unlike at-large systems, enhanced minority groups to elect at least one candidate of their choice. FairVote advocated for a number of alternative methods, such as ranked choice voting, single voting, and cumulative voting. The City of
Palmdale opposed
976:
In its defense of the City of
Minneapolis, FairVote argued that the appellants bore a "heavy burden of persuasion" because they brought a facial challenge to IRV's constitutionality and that "Minneapolis IRV is constitutional because it is supported by legitimate interests, imposes no burden on the
972:
Siding with the city, FairVote
Minnesota stated that instant-runoff voting (IRV) is a form of IRV that allows voters to rank multiple candidates on a single ballot. They argued that this form of voting has legitimate policy reasons, such as simplifying the election process, saving money, increasing
980:
The Court affirmed the lower district court's ruling that IRV does not infringe on the appellants' constitutional rights, thus rejecting the
Minnesota Voters Alliance's challenge to IRV. After the result, Jeanne Massey, executive director of FairVote Minnesota, applauded the decision and said that
999:
The lawsuit claimed that
Palmdale's at-large method denied minority residents effective political participation and thus violated the California Voting Rights Act (CVRA). The case was brought up to Judge Mooney of the Superior Court of the State of California in the County of Los Angeles. In July
796:
FairVote releases two main documents of
Congressional research every election cycle. The first is "Monopoly Politics", which contains predictions and analysis for each race. The second is "Dubious Democracy", an assessment of how competitive elections are by state and how much power votes have in
932:
FairVote also argued that cumulative voting is appropriate under the Voting Rights Act, as it "ensures the equal principle of "one-person, one vote"", is race-neutral, and that it is supported by case law and history. On
November 6, 2009, the Court did not accept choice voting but accepted Port
1011:
FairVote's participation, arguing that the amicus brief "threatens significant prejudice to the City", as it would continue to delay the certification of the city's
November 2013 election. The California Court of Appeal denied FairVote's application to file as amicus curiae.
929:", a process of ranking candidates. FairVote argued that "cumulative and choice voting avoid the necessity for deliberately drawing districts along racial lines" and that a winner-take-all system would not allow the Hispanic minority population to gain representation.
682:
ballot initiative amending
Section 13.102 of the city charter to allow IRV in local elections. The city began using IRV to elect local officials on November 2, 2004. Subsequent ballot initiatives supported by FairVote have allowed the use of IRV in cities including
968:
Minnesota Voters
Alliance, a nonprofit organization that served as the appellants, argued that the "method violates their right to vote, to associate for political purposes, and to equal protection under both the United States and the Minnesota Constitutions".
915:(2008), US District Judge Stephen Robinson of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York issued a decision that the Village's election system violated the Voting Rights Act and ordered remedial plans from all parties.
1890:
873:
FairVote argued that winner-take-all at-large voting systems caused "vote dilutions in jurisdictions affected by racially polarized voting, even where minority voters cannot form a majority in a single member district."
1003:
The City of Palmdale immediately appealed the decision, reasoning that in 2001 Palmdale residents voted for an at-large election system. The case reached the California Court of Appeal in the Second Appellate District.
2351:
880:
Asserting that the CVRA allows California to become more representative of the people, FairVote concluded that the CVRA was an important and constitutional piece of government reform. The Court of Appeal applied
815:
Finally, FairVote created Representation 2020, a project that hopes to achieve parity in the numbers of men and women serving in elected office. Representation2020 has since become a separate nonprofit called
2567:
2442:
908:. The US government claimed that the at-large electoral system denied the Hispanic population "an equal opportunity to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice."
2325:
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the Court "blazed a path that every community in our state can follow toward better elections and a stronger democracy" and that the decision was "a resounding endorsement of ranked choice voting".
675:
system. FairVote supports the Fair Representation Act, which would enact a single transferable vote system for U.S. House elections and an instant runoff voting system for U.S. Senate elections.
613:
Scott James called FairVote a "left-wing group". Other writers have claimed that many FairVote policies, such as IRV, are popular in "liberal enclaves" and supported by "populist groups" such as
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Supporting the CVRA, FairVote viewed the law requiring courts to "fashion effective remedies to cure vote dilution affecting smaller and dispersed minority populations."
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2022: Nevada voters approve a ballot measure to adopt IRV statewide. As a citizen-initiated constitutional amendment, it must pass again in 2024 to take effect.
572:
2019: New York City adopts IRV, and the Democratic National Committee approves use of IRV ballots in five party-run presidential primaries and caucuses in 2020.
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In 2007, the Brennan Center, representing FairVote, submitted a brief supporting cumulative voting as a remedy, but also proposing another system known as "
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FairVote has conducted research on both presidential and Congressional elections. Most of its presidential election research focuses on the
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863:, plaintiffs Enrique Sanchez, Emma Pinedo and Salvador Vera appealed to the Fifth Appellate District of the Court of Appeal of California.
397:
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for multi-winner elections. Under all forms of IRV, voters rank candidates in order of preference, in contrast to the more widely used
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434:
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996:'s at-large method of electing members to its City Council resulted in vote dilution for Latino and African American residents.
1940:
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to support the implementation of proportional representation in American elections. Its focus changed over time to emphasize
559:
2016: Maine becomes the first state to adopt IRV statewide, with FairVote and FairVote's Maine arm involved in the campaign.
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2208:
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226:
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2015:"Seattle, Washington, Proposition 1A and 1B, Approval Voting Initiative and Ranked-Choice Voting Measure (November 2022)"
1257:
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Chester's remedy of cumulative voting. On June 16, 2010, Port Chester elected its first Latino to the Board of Trustees.
812:. The report found that there were many districts in which the winning candidate did not receive a majority of the vote.
109:
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853:
847:
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2002: San Francisco becomes the first major city to pass a voter initiative adopting IRV for certain citywide elections.
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methods, particularly under the California and federal Voting Rights Act. Cases in which it has been involved include:
663:
FairVote advocates for the use of ranked choice voting (IRV) in American elections. Specifically, it advocates for the
1429:
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2013, Mooney declared that the CVRA vested the court in implementing appropriate remedies in favor of the plaintiffs.
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543:
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After the California Superior Court of Stanislaus County declared the CVRA unconstitutional in favor of the City of
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dealt with the constitutionality of IRV, which was adopted by the City of Minneapolis for its municipal elections.
362:
2742:
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905:
2594:
2540:"Brief of Amici Curiae California Common Cause and Fairvote in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants — page 34"
2515:"Brief of Amici Curiae California Common Cause and Fairvote in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants — page 14"
1030:
668:
2490:"Brief of Amici Curiae California Common Cause and Fairvote in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants — page 4"
2465:"Brief of Amici Curiae California Common Cause and Fairvote in Support of Plaintiffs-Appellants — page 1"
1839:
1837:
1157:
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1915:
793:. In addition, FairVote has begun publishing data on how much time sitting presidents spend in swing states.
956:
627:
will be perceived as liberal-leaning because of Democratic frustration with the Electoral College after the
594:
213:
2793:"Brief of Intervenor-Respondent in Minnesota Voters Alliance v. City of Minneapolis — Page 9 & 11"
805:
801:
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319:
192:
189:
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1234:"Voting experiments continue: Eugene to decide on STAR voting, and ranked-choice proponents are opposed"
882:
664:
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2642:"Brief of Amicus Curiae in United States of America v. Village of Port Chester Page 11, 12, & 13"
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as a remedy, which "allows citizens to cast multiple votes for a given candidate for a given seat."
2843:"Brief of Intervenor-Respondent in Minnesota Voters Alliance v. City of Minneapolis — Page 17"
2818:"Brief of Intervenor-Respondent in Minnesota Voters Alliance v. City of Minneapolis — Page 12"
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860:
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2768:"Brief of Intervenor-Respondent in Minnesota Voters Alliance v. City of Minneapolis — Page 1"
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Since 2018, FairVote has also conducted campaigns to oppose alternative voting reforms, including
1058:
617:, an advocacy organization, and thus give the group a liberal tilt. Louis Jacobson, a writer for
339:
790:
3034:"Fairvote's Amicus Curiae Brief In Support of Plaintiffs/Respondents — Pages 6,7, & 8"
2539:
2514:
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2464:
17:
2743:"Hennepin County Minnesota Voters Alliance, et al., vs. The City of Minneapolis — Page 2"
2693:"Help FairVote MN's Ranked Choice Voting Video Win Thousands of Dollars For Fairer Elections!"
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voter turnout, ensuring more diverse representation, and promoting civil election campaigns.
408:
3002:"Fairvote's Amicus Curiae Brief In Support of Plaintiffs/Respondents — Pages 3 & 4"
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said he first proposed New York's entrance into the compact after FairVote approached him.
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In January 2014, FairVote submitted an amicus curiae brief in support of the plaintiffs.
529:
1993: CPR changes its name to the Center for Voting and Democracy (CVD) and relocates to
369:, with FairVote lobbyists preventing adoption of a ballot initiative to replace FPP with
1845:"San Francisco Successfully Uses Ranked Choice Voting For Citywide Elections, Nov. 2005"
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817:
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635:
366:
51:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
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2924:. Superior Court of the State of California County of Los Angeles, Central District
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1185:"Seattle City Council May Put Competing Ranked-Choice Voting Measure on the Ballot"
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to CVRA and declared the law constitutional, reversing the lower court's decision.
867:
829:
786:
614:
1258:"Voters give a thumbs down to proposal for rating-based election system in Eugene"
785:
analysis, FairVote documented the large disparity in both time and money spent in
510:
452:
FairVote was founded as Citizens for Proportional Representation (CPR) in 1992 in
150:
634:
FairVote co-founder Rob Richie claimed the group "is definitely not a Democratic
2715:"Hennepin County Minnesota Voters Alliance, et al., vs. The City of Minneapolis"
2101:"The Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote"
732:
370:
358:
2617:"Brief of Amicus Curiae in United States of America v. Village of Port Chester"
2255:
1282:"Celebrating 10 Years of Seeking Fair Elections! A Special Anniversary Edition"
904:'s at-large system of electing its board of trustees violated Section 2 of the
2063:"Santa Fe, New Mexico, Amendment 5, Ranked-Choice Voting Measure (March 2008)"
761:
748:
461:
263:
174:
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2023: Oregon's legislature refers a statewide IRV measure to the 2024 ballot.
309:
The Center for Voting and Democracy, Citizens for Proportional Representation
241:
228:
2868:"FairVote Minnesota Applauds Supreme Court Decision on Ranked Choice Voting"
1869:
1500:"Beyer Introduces Fair Representation Act To Reform Congressional Elections"
992:
Juan Jauregui, the plaintiff, filed a complaint in April 2012 alleging that
619:
563:
520:
1614:"Oregon becomes the latest state to put ranked choice voting on the ballot"
3066:"Appellant's Preliminary Opposition to Filing of Amicus Brief by FairVote"
2177:"A Constitutional Right to Vote: The Promise of House Joint Resolution 44"
1208:
993:
566:
introduces the Fair Representation Act at an event organized by FairVote.
870:, FairVote submitted an amicus curiae brief in favor of the plaintiffs.
696:
760:
universal voter registration, a system in which all citizens of legal
92:
2970:"Fairvote's Amicus Curiae Brief In Support of Plaintiffs/Respondents"
1757:
1161:
2871:
1919:
918:
The defendants in the case, the Village of Port Chester, proposed
800:
In addition to Monopoly Politics and Dubious Democracy, after the
519:
1992: CPR holds its opening convention with a welcoming speech by
509:
102:
may have been created or edited in return for undisclosed payments
2416:"Fairvote's Brief on Fair Representation Voting in Palmdale Case"
1452:"Maryland Legislature Passes Historic National Popular Vote Plan"
472:
was head of its national advisory board and in 1992 published a
456:, as the result of a merger of several smaller groups promoting
178:
460:
into a single, national advocacy group. Early leaders included
380:
86:
29:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2437:
2435:
2433:
1779:"Ex-Illinois Rep. John Anderson, who ran for president, dies"
2897:"R. Rex Parris Joins Voting Rights Lawsuit Against Palmdale"
464:
as executive director, Matthew Cossolotto as president, and
1941:"Measure to overhaul municipal races passes | Star Tribune"
1728:"Electoral Vote Reform: Is It An Idea Whose Time Has Come?"
2737:
2735:
1478:"Maine Ranked Choice Voting Initiative, Question 5 (2016)"
743:
FairVote has backed the proposed Right to Vote Amendment (
108:. It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
2919:"Juan Juaregi v. City of Palmdale Statement and Decision"
1589:"Nevada voters back big changes to their election system"
476:
commentary advocating for IRV in presidential elections.
361:. In 2024, it launched a successful campaign to maintain
1866:"City and County of San Francisco: Ranked-Choice Voting"
866:
Along with Kathay Feng from the organization California
828:
FairVote has participated in a number of court cases as
2087:"What is the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact?"
1844:
944:
FairVote Minnesota is an independent ally of FairVote.
404:
2562:
2560:
294:
44:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
2667:"Fairvote MN and Better Ballot Campaign 10-Year Gala"
2326:"Non-Majority Winners and Spoilers in 2010 Elections"
1640:"A Critical Spotlight Shines on Ranked Choice Voting"
731:
total in all 50 states and D.C. New York Assemblyman
2151:"Pocan and Ellison Announce Right to Vote Amendment"
1804:"FairVote.org | Instant Runoff Voting/Ranked Voting"
546:
in San Francisco. The campaign fails, losing 54-46%.
542:
1996: CVD sponsors a ballot initiative to implement
579:passes, making Alaska the first state to adopt the
569:
2018: Utah passes a law enabling cities to use IRV.
552:2007: Maryland becomes the first state to pass the
303:
289:
279:
269:
257:
220:
209:
198:
185:
157:
2278:"Have the Midterm Elections Already Been Decided?"
2568:"United States v. Village of Port Chester (2008)"
1891:"American Legal Publishing — Online Library"
1349:"Celebrating 10 Years of Seeking Fair Elections!"
642:had been a Republican in the 1970s (prior to his
415:, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a
2891:
2889:
963:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. City of Minneapolis
953:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. City of Minneapolis
938:Minnesota Voters Alliance v. City of Minneapolis
640:the former head of their national advisory board
326:in the United States. It was founded in 1992 as
2944:"Palmdale to Appeal Voting Rights Act Decision"
2899:(Press release). GlobeNewswire. 28 January 2013
2039:"Ranked choice voting | NYC Board of Elections"
1990:"How ranked-choice voting works | Portland.gov"
852:(2007) dealt with the constitutionality of the
2352:"Forum On the State of Women's Representation"
2125:"N.Y. Lawmakers Aim To Curb Electoral College"
2182:. FairVote Policy Perspective. Archived from
820:; it is still closely aligned with FairVote.
755:, under which citizens would be guaranteed a
172:(as Citizens for Proportional Representation)
8:
3103:Electoral reform groups in the United States
1397:"What's Your Preference? - October 23, 1996"
479:
143:
2410:
2408:
2397:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2234:. Cambridge University Press. p. 114.
1327:"Proportional Representation in Cincinnati"
977:right to vote, and applies to all voters".
764:would be registered to vote automatically.
523:, Cincinnati's first African-American mayor
3108:Non-profit organizations based in Maryland
2595:"United States v. Village of Port Chester"
1078:
1076:
609:profile of FairVote co-founder Steven Hill
142:
435:Learn how and when to remove this message
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
1916:"Why RCV is Better | FairVote Minnesota"
913:United States v. Village of Port Chester
890:United States v. Village of Port Chester
804:FairVote released data on the effect of
717:National Popular Vote Interstate Compact
625:National Popular Vote Interstate Compact
554:National Popular Vote Interstate Compact
328:Citizens for Proportional Representation
1134:. Mount Holyoke College. Archived from
1046:
623:, argued that any group supporting the
2545:. California Common Cause and Fairvote
2520:. California Common Cause and Fairvote
2495:. California Common Cause and Fairvote
2470:. California Common Cause and Fairvote
2390:
478:
1426:"Where Instant Runoff Voting Is Used"
1036:Electoral reform in the United States
951:, served as intervenor-respondent in
204:electoral reform in the United States
7:
2870:. FairVote Minnesota. Archived from
1754:"Rob Richie on the Election Process"
1703:"The Fight for Redistricting Reform"
947:FairVote Minnesota, siding with the
719:, an agreement among states and the
1666:"New Voting Not As Simple As 1-2-3"
1664:Brandt, Steve (November 20, 2010).
898:United States Department of Justice
667:in single-winner elections and the
396:contains text that is written in a
104:, a violation of Knowledge (XXG)'s
3071:. City of Palmdale. Archived from
2946:. City of Palmdale. Archived from
955:, a case that was attested at the
781:'s effects on campaigning. In its
727:to the candidate with the highest
539:report on congressional elections.
27:U.S. electoral reform organization
25:
3113:Organizations established in 1992
2230:Carroll, Susan (December 2013).
1972:"Oakland IRV: Yes on Measure O!"
1638:James, Scott (October 6, 2011).
1587:Clyde, Don (November 13, 2022).
747:), sponsored by Representatives
385:
149:
91:
55:. Please discuss further on the
34:
2175:Hailey, Mollie (24 June 2013).
1502:. Beyer.House.Gov. 26 June 2017
1232:Downing, Suzanne (2024-05-16).
1026:The Center for Election Science
715:FairVote has advocated for the
344:Center for Voting and Democracy
18:Center for Voting and Democracy
468:as western regional director.
1:
2304:"Dubious Democracy 1982-2010"
2209:"Why Universal Registration?"
1701:Avlon, John (March 7, 2006).
1021:Forward Party (United States)
629:2000 US presidential election
593:FairVote is headquartered in
535:1994: CVD releases the first
489:Mark de la Iglesia, Secretary
342:. It changed its name to the
2597:. Brennan Center for Justice
2443:"Sanchez v. City of Modesto"
2375:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1670:The Minneapolis Star Tribune
1544:"2019 Message to Supporters"
1403:. 1996-10-23. Archived from
854:California Voting Rights Act
132:Not to be confused with the
3118:1992 establishments in Ohio
986:Jauregi v. City of Palmdale
678:In 2002, FairVote backed a
544:proportional representation
514:Logo used from 2016 to 2022
458:proportional representation
163:; 32 years ago
3139:
3039:. FairVote. Archived from
3007:. FairVote. Archived from
2975:. FairVote. Archived from
2669:. FairVote. Archived from
2328:. FairVote. Archived from
1454:. FairVote. Archived from
1428:. FairVote. Archived from
1373:. FairVote. Archived from
1329:. University of Cincinnati
1160:. FairVote. Archived from
1108:. FairVote. Archived from
1057:. FairVote. Archived from
849:Sanchez v. City of Modesto
841:Sanchez v. City of Modesto
824:Involvement in court cases
783:2012 Presidential Election
665:instant-runoff form of RCV
646:and his later support for
644:1980 run as an independent
131:
2748:. Minnesota Supreme Court
2720:. Minnesota Supreme Court
1818:"Fair Representation Act"
1522:"2018 Program Highlights"
906:Voting Rights Act of 1965
745:House Joint Resolution 44
487:Donald Marron, Vice Chair
485:Dr. Danielle Allen, Chair
484:
363:first-past-the-post (FPP)
148:
2373:Representation2020.com.
1031:The Equal Vote Coalition
669:single transferable vote
480:Board of Directors, 2023
2280:. MSNBC. Archived from
1055:"National Office Staff"
957:Minnesota Supreme Court
595:Silver Spring, Maryland
214:Silver Spring, Maryland
136:, another term for the
2256:"Presidential Tracker"
896:In December 2006, the
802:2010 midterm elections
648:Ralph Nader's campaign
515:
320:501(c)(3) organization
193:nonprofit organization
2570:. LexisNexis Academic
2445:. LexisNexis Academic
2354:. New York University
883:rational basis review
711:National popular vote
577:2020 Alaska Measure 2
513:
417:neutral point of view
336:national popular vote
332:instant-runoff voting
114:neutral point of view
53:neutral point of view
3078:on 24 September 2015
3046:on 24 September 2015
3014:on 24 September 2015
2982:on 24 September 2015
2848:. FairVote Minnesota
2823:. FairVote Minnesota
2798:. FairVote Minnesota
2773:. FairVote Minnesota
2232:Gender and Elections
2189:on 24 September 2015
1976:archive.fairvote.org
768:Research and reports
757:constitutional right
721:District of Columbia
659:Ranked choice voting
506:History and timeline
409:promotional language
275:$ 4.3 million (2019)
3123:Democracy promotion
1371:"Dubious Democracy"
1138:on 22 December 2013
949:City of Minneapolis
834:proportional voting
832:to advance IRV and
481:
242:38.9942°N 77.0272°W
238: /
145:
2284:on 2 November 2013
1644:The New York Times
1566:"End of Year 2020"
1112:on 7 December 2015
810:spoiler candidates
562:2017: Congressman
516:
491:Dr. Purnima Chawla
411:and inappropriate
340:voter registration
1209:"Approval voting"
920:cumulative voting
779:electoral college
773:Election research
537:Dubious Democracy
503:
502:
445:
444:
437:
313:
312:
247:38.9942; -77.0272
130:
129:
85:
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48:with its subject.
16:(Redirected from
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2211:. FairVote. 2013
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2129:The New York Sun
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2106:. Archived from
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1994:www.portland.gov
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1949:. Archived from
1937:
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1918:. Archived from
1912:
1906:
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1893:. Archived from
1887:
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1878:
1877:
1868:. Archived from
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1707:The New York Sun
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1238:Must Read Alaska
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1164:on 27 March 2014
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856:of 2001 (CVRA).
673:plurality voting
654:Proposed reforms
638:", arguing that
581:top-four primary
531:Washington, D.C.
482:
454:Cincinnati, Ohio
440:
433:
429:
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398:promotional tone
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134:VoteFair ranking
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110:content policies
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46:close connection
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1458:on 2 April 2015
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1432:on 9 March 2014
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1325:Laugle, Laura.
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1183:Krieg, Hannah.
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1061:on 5 March 2014
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725:electoral votes
723:to award their
713:
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2131:. 31 July 2006
2116:
2113:on 2011-07-10.
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2006:
1981:
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1132:"PR Web Sites"
1123:
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1084:"IRS Form 990"
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636:stalking horse
607:New York Times
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2156:. 13 May 2013
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1897:on 2014-04-22
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1480:. Ballotpedia
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1407:on 2019-01-15
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928:
927:choice voting
923:
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900:alleged that
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753:Keith Ellison
750:
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739:Voting rights
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718:
710:
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706:
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701:New York City
698:
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467:
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462:Robert Richie
459:
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138:Kemeny method
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100:This article
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68:
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41:
32:
31:
19:
3080:. Retrieved
3073:the original
3060:
3048:. Retrieved
3041:the original
3028:
3016:. Retrieved
3009:the original
2996:
2984:. Retrieved
2977:the original
2964:
2952:. Retrieved
2948:the original
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2876:. Retrieved
2872:the original
2862:
2850:. Retrieved
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
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