204:
343:, was ordered to stop publication. In addition, the leading members of the CRG quickly became scapegoats for the problems of the summer of 1967, when armed conflict between rebel groups, other groups and the PLA had been the norm. Individuals including Wang Li were soon connected with the "May Sixteenth Corps", a supposed group that exploited divisions in the Cultural Revolution to cause the anarchy and was plotting to seize power. Although there is evidence that Wang Li and others formed a faction within the CRG that employed the term "May Sixteenth", and that the CRG did exploit divisions in the movement, there is little evidence known to suggest a plot to seize power.
1413:
231:(PLA) to restore order to China, it was signed by the CRG as well as the Central Committee, the State Council and the Military Affairs Commission. In addition, the CRG had theoretical control over the People's Liberation Army, although very soon army commanders wielded enough political power to often act independently of the CRG. The CRG was also given the entire
282:
Two members of the CRG played a significant part in the affair over the
Shanghai Commune. Due to his connections with the city (he had been secretary of the Shanghai Party Committee until July 1966), Zhang Chunqiao was dispatched from the centre in November 1966 to mediate the crisis over the siege
256:
should 'defend with weapons', leading to a surge in the seizure of PLA armaments by rebel groups. In addition, Wang Li and other CRG radicals (taking their cue from Jiang Qing) called for the removal of 'revisionist' elements in the PLA. The radical CRG, however, often found it had to contend with
174:
was selected by
Chairman Mao to head the newly formed "Cultural Revolution Group", which would report to the Politburo Standing Committee. Consisting originally of between fifteen and twenty people, the CRG included, amongst others, Jiang Qing (the wife of Chairman Mao) as vice-chairman, Kang Sheng
350:
In
September, some of the CRG radicals including Wang Li and Guan Feng were arrested on the orders of Mao, but by the end of the Cultural Revolution the new drive to eradicate 'ultra-leftists' would see the arrest of nearly all of the CRG's members (Jiang Qing would survive until the death of Mao).
346:
The fall of the CRG has also been attributed by some to the fact that Mao had become increasingly moderate in his view of the
Cultural Revolution since February 1967, and that others (like the CRG) who were still committed to the original aims of the movement remained exposed on the left-wing while
338:
The first two years of the
Cultural Revolution witnessed a continued growth in tensions between the People's Liberation Army and the CRG, due to the PLA's gradual suppression of the CRG-backed rebel groups and Red Guards. By October 1967, the PLA had reached the peak of its ascendancy, which meant
359:
was officially expelled from the CCP. The group was never formally dissolved, but ceased to exist at some point after the CCP's Ninth
Congress in the Spring of 1969. The CRG's remaining former members - including Jiang Qing and Kang Sheng - were left to fight their individual political battles in
287:
with his CRG colleague Yao
Wenyuan to lead the new order established after the fall of the old Party apparatus, and in early February he was to become head of the newly formed Shanghai Commune. However, the combination of questions over the legitimacy of the Commune's leadership, and a change in
169:
The "Five Man Group" was dissolved immediately and Peng Zhen faced charges of allegedly obstructing the course of the
Cultural Revolution. Soon after May 16 he was dismissed from all his offices and the control of the capital passed into the hands of followers of Mao.
226:
The mandate given to the CRG on its formation was to guide the
Cultural Revolution, and it was given many of the powers and the political prestige of the Central Committee and the Politburo. For example, when the order, on 5 September 1967, was issued instructing the
354:
After the 1967 arrest of some of its leading members, the CRG continued to play a role in the
Cultural Revolution, but this was limited. For example, the remaining members were asked to attend the Twelfth Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee in October 1968, where
260:
The CRG also had several supplementary functions. Its Art and Literature Group, headed by Jiang Qing, took over the responsibilities of the Ministry of Culture when the latter was dissolved in May 1967. Furthermore, the group worked closely with the
1388:
243:
Throughout the early years of the Cultural Revolution, the CRG acted as a body that directed the course the movement should take. Due to Mao's backing of the group, its orders were of significant importance. For example, after the
257:
the more conservative view of how the Cultural Revolution should progress promoted by Zhou Enlai and his supporters, who were as interested in stability and the maintenance of some form of government as they were in revolution.
124:
traces the English-language phrase "cultural revolution" (defined as "a sudden change in the culture of a people or society") as far back as 1929.) The meeting established a body known as the "Five Man Group" (chaired by
239:
and Zhou Enlai), while other members of the Politburo Standing Committee were not sent these documents. Gradually, through examples like this, the CRG began to overtake the PSC in its political stature and importance.
203:
164:
The Central Committee has decided to... dissolve the 'Group of Five in Charge of the Cultural Revolution', and to set up a new Cultural Revolution group directly under the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau.
322:. When Chen ignored Zhou Enlai's orders that the siege was to be lifted, Wang Li and Xie Fuzhi were dispatched to Wuhan to resolve the crisis. On 19 July the pair instructed the PLA to switch its support from the
265:(CCEG), an organisation established in 1966 that investigated the alleged crimes and errors of higher-ranking members of the Party. Practically all the members of the CRG were also members of the CCEG.
797:
61:
772:
752:
1280:
1363:
151:
330:
and beaten. After a failed attempt by Zhou Enlai to resolve the crisis, it took a show of military force by other PLA units for Chen Zaidao to eventually surrender.
1464:
268:
The members of the CRG also had important individual roles in two of the important events of the Cultural Revolution, the Shanghai Commune and the Wuhan Incident.
1459:
1439:
651:
1083:
1454:
1228:
150:
Unhappy over what he perceived to be an obstruction of the course of the Cultural Revolution, Mao returned to the capital in the spring of 1966, and the
53:
109:
1449:
1147:
845:
1444:
1055:
1346:
1238:
782:
644:
137:
was a supporter of Mao. However, the group remained relatively inactive until the spring of 1966, when it censored the writings of
1192:
722:
694:
1290:
1076:
326:
to the WWGH. In the early hours of the next day however, Xie Fuzhi was arrested by the PLA while Wang Li was kidnapped by the
195:, who held a position of control over the group, and could speak on behalf of the entire group without needing to consult it.
1315:
1275:
757:
262:
191:. There were also several less well-known members. However, Chen Boda did not chair the CRG's meetings - that task fell to
1325:
1187:
1062:
347:
Mao moved towards the centre. Comparably, they were now far enough on the left to be considered too radical for comfort.
143:
35:
1416:
1142:
1132:
699:
637:
277:
228:
232:
418:'Circular of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution',
727:
383:
121:
100:
top power organ of China. Its members were also involved in many of the major events of the Cultural Revolution.
520:
this information on the Shanghai Commune comes from Meisner, pp. 341-350, which contains a more detailed account
1320:
1112:
1048:
858:
792:
288:
attitudes to communes in general at the centre, meant that the Shanghai Commune was to last less than a month.
117:
96:'s first few years, and for a period of time the group replaced the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) as the
1248:
840:
807:
802:
777:
742:
388:
1260:
674:
283:
of some worker's groups at Anting. Early in January the next year, Zhang Chunqiao was to return again to
1202:
868:
235:
in Beijing to use at its offices. All documents from Mao were sent for approval to the CRG (as well as
1157:
1127:
986:
679:
602:
184:
85:
1207:
1167:
1069:
660:
156:
130:
93:
1383:
1358:
1197:
951:
704:
684:
606:
253:
17:
129:, the fifth-ranking member of the Politburo), with the aim of overseeing the beginnings of the
1373:
1233:
1177:
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767:
689:
396:
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1137:
1117:
1090:
873:
853:
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1398:
1393:
1310:
1300:
1253:
880:
828:
616:
1368:
1295:
1265:
1243:
1162:
1122:
930:
747:
297:
245:
176:
81:
57:
1433:
1378:
1172:
971:
916:
737:
732:
377:
1305:
1006:
940:
921:
1285:
1182:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1011:
946:
935:
762:
319:
138:
77:
318:, who were being supplied with weapons and manpower by the local PLA commander
1351:
1223:
1016:
1001:
981:
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906:
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823:
356:
249:
215:
207:
192:
134:
113:
73:
69:
1107:
996:
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956:
302:
Despite the CRG's 1967 orders forbidding violence, in July 1967 the city of
219:
188:
171:
126:
89:
65:
339:
the end of the CRG. In November 1967, the Group's radical party journal,
991:
911:
284:
236:
211:
180:
154:
formally announced the dissolution of the "Five Man Group" in its May 16
961:
629:
1341:
43:
621:
Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic Since 1949
1286:
Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee
303:
202:
147:
into a political one (a move which Mao had started encouraging).
141:
and of other radicals for making an academic debate on the play
798:
Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend
633:
64:. It consisted mainly of radical supporters of Mao, including
52:) was formed in May 1966 as a replacement organisation to the
306:
became a battleground for two large rival rebel groups - the
62:
Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
430:
These names and positions all come from Guillermaz, p. 401
120:(CCP) to implement a "Cultural Revolution" in China. (The
314:(WWGH). The 400,000 strong WWGH was besieged by the
1334:
1216:
1100:
1040:
889:
816:
715:
667:
376:
1281:Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group
1364:List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
60:, and was initially directly responsible to the
597:The Chinese Communist Party in Power, 1949-1976
645:
8:
565:this view is proposed in Meisner, p. 358-359
1084:Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits
652:
638:
630:
54:Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
1389:3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee
368:
92:. The CRG played a central role in the
1465:History of the Chinese Communist Party
334:Fall of the Cultural Revolution Group
133:. Of the members of the group, only
108:In January 1965, at a meeting of the
7:
1460:Organizations disestablished in 1969
1440:Organizations in Cultural Revolution
583:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, p. 156
511:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, p. 282
502:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, p. 159
466:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, p. 155
439:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, p. 101
397:participating institution membership
457:MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, p. 82
312:Wuhan Workers' General Headquarters
175:as the Group Adviser, Yao Wenyuan,
783:Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius
25:
1455:Organizations established in 1966
32:Central Cultural Revolution Group
18:Central Cultural Revolution Group
1412:
1411:
1347:Mao Zedong's cult of personality
1193:Learn from Dazhai in agriculture
723:Down to the Countryside Movement
695:Seven Thousand Cadres Conference
1450:1969 disestablishments in China
1077:Six Articles of Public Security
252:suggested in a speech that the
199:Role in the Cultural Revolution
27:Revolution group formed in 1966
1316:Worker-Peasant-Soldier student
1276:Central Case Examination Group
758:One Strike-Three Anti Campaign
263:Central Case Examination Group
48:
39:
1:
1326:Xiang River Storm and Thunder
1188:Learn from Daqing in industry
1063:Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
144:Hai Rui Dismissed from Office
116:called on the leaders of the
1445:1966 establishments in China
1143:Continuous Revolution Theory
1133:Cow demons and snake spirits
1056:Quotations from Chairman Mao
700:Socialist Education Movement
1481:
295:
275:
1407:
1271:Cultural Revolution Group
728:Cleansing the Class Ranks
384:Oxford English Dictionary
360:the years that followed.
278:Shanghai People's Commune
122:Oxford English Dictionary
1321:May Seventh Cadre School
1113:Newborn socialist things
1049:Bombard the Headquarters
859:Shaoyang County Massacre
793:1975 Banqiao Dam failure
613:; Belknap Harvard (2006)
229:People's Liberation Army
1291:Revolutionary committee
841:Inner Mongolia incident
808:1976 Tiananmen Incident
778:Black Painting incident
743:February Countercurrent
599:; Westview Press (1976)
389:Oxford University Press
118:Chinese Communist Party
1261:May Sixteenth elements
675:Anti-Rightist Campaign
223:
167:
68:, the chairman's wife
49:Zhōngyāng Wéngé Xiǎozǔ
1296:8341 Special Regiment
1203:Five Black Categories
869:Zhao Jianmin Spy Case
803:1976 Nanjing incident
611:Mao's Last Revolution
206:
162:
152:CCP Central Committee
1229:Conservative Faction
1158:One Divides into Two
1128:Big-character poster
680:Great Chinese Famine
272:The Shanghai Commune
1208:Five Red Categories
1070:May 16 Notification
773:10th Party Congress
661:Cultural Revolution
623:; Free Press (1986)
387:(Online ed.).
131:Cultural Revolution
94:Cultural Revolution
1384:Morning Sun (film)
1359:Great Leap Forward
1249:Ultra-Left Faction
1198:Stinking Old Ninth
846:Guangdong Massacre
753:9th Party Congress
705:Taoyuan Experience
685:Great Leap Forward
574:Guillermaz, p. 450
484:Guillermaz, p. 399
292:The Wuhan Incident
233:Diaoyutai compound
224:
1425:
1424:
1374:Sino-Soviet split
1234:Little Red Guards
1178:Capitalist roader
1168:Eight model plays
865:Yunnan Massacres
788:Hangzhou incident
768:Lin Biao incident
690:Lushan Conference
395:(Subscription or
16:(Redirected from
1472:
1415:
1414:
1153:Violent Struggle
1148:Seizure of power
1138:Bloodline theory
1118:Struggle session
1091:On Class Origins
874:Shadian incident
854:Daoxian massacre
850:Hunan Massacres
836:Guangxi Massacre
654:
647:
640:
631:
584:
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1426:
1421:
1403:
1399:Scar literature
1394:Boluan Fanzheng
1330:
1311:Barefoot doctor
1301:Sent-down youth
1254:Xiaoyao Faction
1212:
1096:
1036:
885:
881:Ruijin Massacre
829:Daxing Massacre
812:
711:
663:
658:
627:
595:Guillermaz, J;
592:
587:
582:
578:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:Meisner, p. 359
555:
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547:Meisner, p. 358
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538:Meisner, p. 354
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529:Meisner, p. 354
528:
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493:Meisner, p. 352
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475:Meisner, p. 355
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448:Meisner, p. 351
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409:Meisner, p. 331
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1369:Class struggle
1366:
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1335:Related topics
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1318:
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1298:
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1266:Five Man Group
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1244:Scarlet Guards
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1163:Democracy Wall
1160:
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1125:
1123:Feudal fascism
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931:Zhang Chunqiao
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748:Wuhan incident
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603:MacFarquhar, R
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367:
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335:
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328:Million Heroes
324:Million Heroes
316:Million Heroes
308:Million Heroes
298:Wuhan incident
293:
290:
273:
270:
246:Wuhan Incident
200:
197:
177:Zhang Chunqiao
105:
102:
82:Zhang Chunqiao
58:Five Man Group
34:(CRG or CCRG;
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1379:Two Whatevers
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1173:Loyalty dance
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972:Wang Dongxing
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917:Deng Xiaoping
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738:January Storm
736:
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733:12-3 incident
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607:Schoenhals, M
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1306:61 Renegades
1270:
1089:
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1068:
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1054:
1047:
1007:Yang Chengwu
941:Wang Hongwen
922:Gang of Four
716:Major events
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420:May 16, 1966
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31:
29:
1183:Yiku sitian
1032:Ye Jianying
1027:Hua Guofeng
1022:Mao Yuanxin
1012:Chen Zaidao
947:Peng Dehuai
936:Yao Wenyuan
890:Key figures
763:Project 571
320:Chen Zaidao
139:Yao Wenyuan
78:Yao Wenyuan
1434:Categories
1352:Mango cult
1224:Red Guards
1017:Kang Sheng
1002:Qiu Huizuo
982:Ji Dengkui
926:Jiang Qing
907:Zhou Enlai
902:Liu Shaoqi
897:Mao Zedong
824:Red August
617:Meisner, M
590:References
399:required.)
378:"cultural"
357:Liu Shaoqi
296:See also:
276:See also:
254:Red Guards
250:Jiang Qing
216:Zhou Enlai
208:Mao Zedong
193:Zhou Enlai
135:Kang Sheng
114:Mao Zedong
104:Background
74:Kang Sheng
70:Jiang Qing
1108:Four Olds
1041:Documents
997:Wu Faxian
977:Xie Fuzhi
967:Chen Boda
957:Peng Zhen
817:Massacres
220:Chen Boda
189:Xie Fuzhi
172:Chen Boda
127:Peng Zhen
110:Politburo
90:Xie Fuzhi
66:Chen Boda
1417:Category
1101:Concepts
992:Qi Benyu
912:Lin Biao
341:Red Flag
310:and the
285:Shanghai
237:Lin Biao
212:Lin Biao
181:Qi Benyu
157:Circular
98:de facto
56:and the
987:Wang Li
962:Tao Zhu
668:Prelude
222:in 1967
185:Wang Li
86:Wang Li
36:Chinese
1342:Maoism
1217:Groups
952:Wu Han
218:, and
46::
44:pinyin
40:中央文革小组
38::
393:
364:Notes
304:Wuhan
605:and
187:and
88:and
30:The
1436::
619:;
609:;
381:.
248:,
214:,
210:,
183:,
179:,
160::
112:,
84:,
80:,
76:,
72:,
42:;
943:)
924:(
653:e
646:t
639:v
391:.
20:)
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