370:. Until the inauguration of the pipeline, nearly 70% of Turkmenistan's gas exports transited through Russian pipelines. Central Asia–China gas pipeline is the first pipeline to bring Central Asian natural gas to China and highlights China's quest for Central Asian energy exports. While Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are also considering selling their gas to China, Chinese government already made new moves to penetrate deeper into Central Asian energy sector by lending $ 3 billion to Turkmenistan to develop the South Iolotan field in 2009 and $ 10 billion to Kazakhstan to pay for future oil supplies.
467:
39:
481:
353:
concerns." S&P Global reported in
December 2023, "PetroChina expects to resume the construction of Line D of the Central Asia – China Gas Pipeline (CAGP) in 2024..." and "...the contract was still under final negotiations. The main disagreement remaining was over prices and the delay in finalizing the upstream gas supply contract was the main reason for the suspension of Line D's construction..."
495:
399:
A fourth pipeline (Line D), 966 kilometres (600 mi) in length to connect
Galkynysh to western China via Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, is under construction. It was originally expected to be completed in 2020 but presently no completion date has been set. Upon its completion, total capacity of the
378:
The length of Lines A, B, and C is about 1,833 kilometres (1,139 mi), of which 188 kilometres (117 mi) in
Turkmenistan and 530 kilometres (330 mi) in Uzbekistan. The diameter of each pipeline is 1,067 millimetres (42.0 in). Lines A, B, and C constitute three parallel lines with
340:
The Kazakh section of the pipeline was inaugurated on 12 December 2009 during
Chinese leader Hu Jintao's visit to Kazakhstan. The whole pipeline was inaugurated on 14 December 2009 in a ceremony in Saman-Depe during Hu Jintao's visit to Turkmenistan with the leaders of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and
352:
urged
Central Asia's leaders "to accelerate laying Line D", and an unnamed Chinese official reportedly said separately, "Central Asian pipelines are considered a cornerstone investment in China's energy and geopolitical space. It's a supply channel with strategic value that supersedes commercial
347:
The construction of a fourth line of the pipeline, "Line D", was to have been launched at the end of 2014. However, the fourth line has been dogged by delays. As of August 2021, one tunnel in
Tajikistan had been completed. No date has been set for final completion. In May 2023, China's President
361:
According to CNPC, the inflow of
Turkmen gas helps China in meeting its energy demands and stabilizes the country's overall consumption structure. It was expected that the pipeline's deliveries boost the natural gas proportion of energy consumption of China by an estimated 2%, which reduces the
301:
signed an accord to speed up implementation of the
Turkmeni-Chinese gas pipeline project. On 30 April 2007, Uzbekistan and China signed an agreement on the construction and exploitation of the pipeline's Uzbekistan section. In July 2007, it was formally announced that Turkmenistan will join
267:. By connecting Turkmenistan to China’s domestic grid, this pipeline makes it possible to transport gas some 7000 km from Turkmenistan to Shanghai. More than half of Turkmen natural gas exports are delivered to China through the pipeline.
1255:
337:. The main contractors of this section were KazStroyService and China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation. The first of the two initial parallel line were completed early November 2009.
362:
overall smoke, dust and carbon dioxide emissions. For
Turkmenistan, the project helps the country diversify its energy exports by delivering gas eastward as opposed to its previous deliveries to
1174:
1021:
1575:
333:. Construction works of the Kazakh section started on 9 July 2008 and the first stage was finished in July 2009. It was built by Asian Gas Pipeline company, a joint venture of CNPC and
322:
297:
On 3 April 2006, China and
Turkmenistan signed a framework agreement on the pipeline construction and long-term gas supply. In June 2007, during his visit to China, Turkmeni President
1680:
Noriko Yodogawa & Alexander M. Peterson, "An Opportunity for Progress: China, Central Asia, and the Energy Charter Treaty", 8 Texas Journal of Oil, Gas, and Energy Law 111 (2013).
421:
138:
389: cu ft/a) which was reached by 2015. Construction of the first line cost US$ 7.3 billion. The pipeline project also includes the desulfurization plant at
1669:
1694:
1486:. Windsor Energy Group's Regional Pipelines Roundtable. Almaty: The Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy at the University of Dundee. Archived from
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1709:
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On 30 August 2007, the construction of the 188 kilometres (117 mi) long Turkmen section of the pipeline began. This section was built by
1478:
330:
307:
275:
The initial proposal for Central Asia–China gas pipeline was presented as the Kazakhstan–China gas pipeline, which was to follow along the
165:
1080:
1113:
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455:
gas fields. The branch line will have a capacity of 15 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year. It was commissioned in 2014.
420:
and Sag Kenar fields. The pipeline enters Uzbekistan in Olot and runs across Uzbekistan to southern Kazakhstan parallel to the existing
1673:
845:
294:
started a feasibility study of the pipeline project. At the same time China continued negotiations with other Central Asian countries.
513:
276:
1663:
1430:
508:
38:
1719:
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325:, and Zeromax. Construction of the Uzbek section started on 30 June 2008. It was built by Asia Trans Gas, a joint venture of
396:
In 2023, the Turkmenistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that Turkmenistan's quota on this pipeline system was 40 bcma.
565:, The Caspian Sea Region Towards 2025: Caspia Inc., National Giants or Trade and Transit? Eburon, Delft, Netherlands, 2010.
142:
1393:
664:
409:
286:'s visit to Kazakhstan, agreements to expedite the appraisal of the project were signed. Following these agreements,
429:
127:
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523:
1351:
298:
1548:
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Kazakhstan. On 13 June 2010 China and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on a branch line from Western Kazakhstan.
1480:
Kazakhstan's expanding cross-border gas links. Implications for Europe, Russia, China and other CIS countries
1408:
1217:
623:
Regional Connection under the Belt and Road Initiative. The Prospects for Economic and Financial Cooperation
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817:
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The second line was completed by the end of 2010. Construction of the third line began in 2012.
252:
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280:
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original Kazakhstan-China pipeline project. On 8 November 2007, Kazakhstan's oil company
1660:
Pipeline Politics in Asia: The Intersection of Demand, Energy Markets, and Supply Routes
1511:
989:
959:
811:
720:
562:
452:
1659:
439:, the pipeline will be linked with the 1,400-kilometre (870 mi) branch line from
1688:
1352:"China National Petroleum subsidiaries to pay billions for Central Asia gas pipeline"
618:
576:
500:
326:
314:
173:
169:
472:
448:
256:
92:
57:
1257:
PetroChina looking to resume Central Asia Gas Pipeline Line D construction in 2024
665:"Central Asia: Turkmenistan-China Pipeline Project Has Far-Reaching Implications"
635:
640:
334:
303:
287:
249:
177:
107:
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1396:(in Russian). ORIENT-ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ АГЕНТСТВО "МЕДИА-ТУРКМЕН". 30 January 2020.
1278:
593:
743:"Turkmenistan to join China, Kazakhstan pipeline project – KazMunaiGas EP CEO"
462:
349:
291:
65:
61:
494:
413:
283:
88:
1658:
Chow, Edward, "Central Asia’s Pipelines: Field of Dreams and Reality," in
400:
four lines is expected to reach 85 billion cubic metres per annum (bcma).
603:
436:
260:
118:
103:
1670:
Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes, by Shamil Yenikeyeff
1234:
China prioritising Turkmenistan over Russia in next big pipeline project
1394:"Завершается строительство дополнительной ветки газопровода «ЦА-Китай»"
1175:"Construction on third line begins for Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline"
1118:
1085:
850:
780:
425:
318:
379:
combined total capacity of 55 billion cubic metres per annum (1.9
1054:
881:"Kazakhstan: Workers Complete Section of Turkmenistan-China Pipeline"
747:
440:
363:
1377:
264:
122:
69:
1022:"Construction cost of Kazakhstan to China gas pipeline increases"
619:
China’s Belt and Road Initiative through the Lens of Central Asia
1434:
408:
The pipeline starts in Saman-Depe carrying natural gas from the
367:
1605:"CNPC, JV Partner to Build 2nd Phase of China-Kazakh Pipeline"
1302:"China secures gas from Turkmenistan: Who's the real winner?"
907:"Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline To Start Service Next Year"
443:
in western Kazakhstan. It will supply natural gas from the
1382:, Turkmenistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 12 August 2023
1079:
Nurshayeva, Raushan; Zhumatov, Shamil (12 December 2009).
321:. Main contractors were China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau,
1051:"CNPC To Build Phase II Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline"
933:"Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline, Turkmenistan to China"
323:
China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corporation
1275:"Central Asia Pipeline to Secure natural Gas for China"
424:. The pipeline crosses the Kazakhstan–China border at
1632:"China, Kazakhstan agree deals on gas, nuclear energy"
776:"Kazakhstan, China agree to press ahead with pipeline"
695:"Analysis: Turkmen Gas Deal Extends Chinese Influence"
1177:. Pipelines International. March 2012. Archived from
636:"China, Kazakhstan Discuss Cross-border Gas Pipeline"
1512:"2nd West-East gas pipeline project in construction"
846:"Russian company wins Turkmen China pipeline tender"
1114:"China extends influence into C.Asia with pipeline"
1045:
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1196:"China, Central Asian countries open 3rd gas line"
988:
958:
810:
1576:"China, Kazakhstan sign accords for gas, uranium"
1458:. APS Review Gas Market Trends. 22 September 2008
1081:"China's Hu boosts energy ties with Central Asia"
1074:
1072:
1323:Gorst, Isabel; Dyer, Geoff (14 December 2009).
1150:"China, Kazakhstan sign new gas pipeline deal"
393:to remove high sulfur content of natural gas.
310:on principles of future work on the pipeline.
1269:
1267:
1016:
1014:
875:
873:
621:”, in Fanny M. Cheung and Ying-yi Hong (eds)
561:M. Anker, P. Baev, B. Brunstad, I. Overland,
416:in Turkmenistan. It is mainly supplied from
8:
1569:
1567:
1565:
805:
803:
721:"Uzbekistan and China to build gas pipeline"
689:
687:
617:Vakulchuk, Roman and Indra Overland (2019) “
1456:"Turkmenistan's Producers – The Gas Sector"
1190:
1188:
1143:
1141:
577:"Energy: The missing link in globalization"
216:55 billion cubic metres per annum (1.9
1409:"Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline (Line D)"
1277:. ChinaStakes. 2 July 2008. Archived from
1218:"Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline (Line D)"
1024:. Steel Guru. 13 July 2009. Archived from
883:. Eurasianet. 10 July 2009. Archived from
37:
602:
592:
519:Central Asia – Center gas pipeline system
1541:"China secures new access to Kazakh oil"
1231:Aizhu, Chen; Gurt, Marat (24 May 2023),
960:"Kazakhstan gets cracking on China pipe"
422:Bukhara–Tashkent–Bishkek–Almaty pipeline
139:Bukhara–Tashkent–Bishkek–Almaty pipeline
1695:Energy infrastructure completed in 2009
1431:"Flow of natural gas from Central Asia"
554:
1300:Philip H. de Leon (22 December 2009).
428:, where it is connected to the second
28:
1705:Natural gas pipelines in Turkmenistan
7:
1539:Sharip, Farkhad (21 December 2007).
1325:"Pipeline brings Asian gas to China"
812:"Turkmen break ground on China pipe"
581:Energy Research & Social Science
308:China National Petroleum Corporation
166:China National Petroleum Corporation
1710:Natural gas pipelines in Uzbekistan
1700:Natural gas pipelines in Kazakhstan
1674:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
990:"Beijing digs in with Kazakh pipes"
774:Maria Golovnina (8 November 2007).
1260:, S&P Global, 21 December 2023
25:
1740:Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan relations
1730:Kazakhstan–Turkmenistan relations
1664:National Bureau of Asian Research
1477:Ögütçü, Mehmet (2 October 2006).
1198:. Business Recorder. 16 June 2014
18:Central Asia – China gas pipeline
1611:. Downstream Today. 17 June 2010
1112:Gurt, Marat (14 December 2009).
999:. NHST Media Group. 9 April 2008
701:. Downstream Today. 26 July 2007
663:Daniel Kimmage (10 April 2006).
575:Overland, Indra (1 April 2016).
493:
479:
465:
412:gas fields on the right bank of
1735:Kazakhstan–Uzbekistan relations
969:. NHST Media Group. 9 July 2008
913:. Downstream Today. 3 July 2008
844:Marat Gurt (19 February 2008).
670:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
279:. In June 2003, during China's
246:Turkmenistan–China gas pipeline
242:Central Asia–China gas pipeline
32:Central Asia–China gas pipeline
1715:Natural gas pipelines in China
1574:Watkins, Eric (18 June 2010).
1411:. People’s Map of Global China
1:
1630:Franz, Paris (13 June 2010).
514:Kazakhstan–China oil pipeline
306:signed an agreement with the
277:Kazakhstan–China oil pipeline
208:1,833 km (1,139 mi)
143:Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline
43:The route of the gas pipeline
1148:Wan Zhihong (14 June 2010).
625:. London: Routledge, p. 125.
509:China-Turkmenistan relations
937:hydrocarbons-technology.com
699:BBC Monitoring Central Asia
1756:
1725:China–Kazakhstan relations
594:10.1016/j.erss.2016.01.009
524:Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline
265:People's Republic of China
234:1,067 mm (42 in)
123:People's Republic of China
299:Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
36:
1549:The Jamestown Foundation
723:. Caucaz.com. 1 May 2007
534:Energy security of China
1720:Energy in Central Asia
1580:Oil % Gas Journal
529:Energy policy of China
430:West–East Gas Pipeline
128:West–East Gas Pipeline
1545:Eurasia Daily Monitor
200:Technical information
1584:PennWell Corporation
1493:on 29 September 2007
1407:Aminjonov, Farkhod.
1181:on 12 November 2014.
1053:. Downstream Today.
184:Construction started
1379:STATEMENT FOR MEDIA
1304:. Resource Investor
1093:on 21 November 2020
939:. 25 September 2013
911:Asiaport Daily News
858:on 21 November 2020
788:on 21 November 2020
487:Turkmenistan portal
226: cu ft/a)
149:General information
1636:DigitalJournal.com
1358:. 30 December 2007
1057:. 12 November 2009
539:Altai gas pipeline
374:Technical features
317:, a subsidiary of
1028:on 4 January 2013
238:
237:
213:Maximum discharge
76:General direction
16:(Redirected from
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854:. Archived from
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825:. 30 August 2007
823:NHST Media Group
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784:. Archived from
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644:. 25 August 2004
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79:south–north-east
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1676:, November 2008
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1330:Financial Times
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1281:on 23 July 2012
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244:(known also as
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1520:. 23 July 2008
1517:People's Daily
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126:(connected to
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99:Passes through
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87:Right bank of
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