36:
272:
computers handle scheduling of individual broadcasts, advertisements and local identification, a computerised record of what has been broadcast can easily be extracted for use at a central location to bill advertisers for broadcast time. Central operation of non-broadcast business functions removes the need for these tasks to be carried out at each of the multiple local stations.
357:
Broadcast centralisation can create problems when one station in the group is sold (as the local master control functions which had been centralised must be restored before the local station is a viable stand-alone entity). There also needs to be some means to remain on-air locally if the link to the
304:
Centralcasting can also be used as a way to control a station's local operations remotely during off-hours (such as late night, where there may be no one or just a skeleton crew at the local site). This can allow a station to operate on an "auto-pilot" basis during off-hours in which it otherwise may
257:
site. The local station sends its news footage to the central hub, which inserts it (along with local advertising and station identifiers) into a national network or syndicated programming feed. All video is stored in one central location. The resulting broadcast video streams are centrally assembled
340:
but originated little or nothing from these facilities once most broadcast-related tasks become centralized. Often for smaller networks which maintained these minimum studios, there was no room devoted specifically for studio use, and the 'studio facility' was merely an office suite for the reasons
280:
For some broadcasters, centralisation of broadcasting operations has reduced the number of people required to operate a station, with some saving in cost. The removal of the space used by master control can then be co-opted for newsroom or studio expansion. This must be carefully balanced, however,
271:
Many traffic and operations tasks, such as acquiring programming, selling advertisements, scheduling and keeping records of what was broadcast and billing advertisers take place behind the scenes, yet are also suited to automation and central operation by regional broadcast station groups. If
261:
A less-centralised approach involves installing servers at local broadcast station sites which may be controlled either locally or remotely. The central hub would be able to send video to the local station, along with playlist information, and local facilities would then be used to store and
353:
to suffice the studio requirements (even if the signal would be merely redirected to another station giving emergency news and information). The Main Studio Rule was repealed by the FCC in 2019, with some station groups closing these small main studios for full remote centralcasting.
715:) from two hubs, one (for news anchoring) in Albany and the other (for all weather operations) in Syracuse. While the news channels mostly use different anchors for each station, all four stations get their weather forecasts from the same team of meteorologists.
248:
In some cases, broadcasters have operated groups of multiple stations at the regional or national level from one central facility, removing many tasks which were formerly done locally. These operations normally take one of two forms:
146:
which operates on the presumption that large quantities of content are similar and are handled in a consistent or repetitive manner across multiple stations in a broadcast station group. While each individual station has its own
791:
format, which
Sinclair abandoned in 2006, involved inserting small blocks of local content into an otherwise-national newscast, which would then be presented to local viewers as having been generated at the local station.
1397:
A Centralcasting
Postmortem and a News-Share Projection: Using Market Theory to Assess Alternative Local Television News Strategies; AEJMC Annual Convention - Radio-Television Journalism Division, August 2–6,
233:, largely eliminating the use of individual videotapes and allowing switching and retrieval of stored programming, advertising and titles to take place automatically. The server would operate from stored
296:
By shifting many of the control tasks to a central hub, centralcasting may also reduce the investment which must be made in equipment for each individual local station in the group for upgrades such as
218:
would be stored on tape cartridges ("carts") which would need to be inserted in the correct timeslots manually. A station could not operate unattended, even if it were merely retransmitting a network
727:, the PBS station based in Central New York State, hosts Centralcast LLC, which broadcast PBS content to over 20 stations in over 9 states. This represents 40% of PBS content in the USA.
317:
An over-reliance on automation (and a reduction in the number of people at the local station) may leave an individual station less able to respond to local breaking news, such as
904:
The FCC's main studio rule: achieving little for localism at a great cost to broadcasters, Silverman, David M. - Tobenkin, David N., Federal
Communications Law Journal • May 2001
1167:
1256:
1206:
336:
of a main broadcaster in another city. In some cases, individual stations in a group were formerly required to maintain nominal main studios in or near their respective
1110:
65:
1356:
1139:
922:
431:
operated a unique C.A.S.H. (Central
Automated Satellite Headend) system which allowed it to program all of its stations nationwide from one central hub in
576:
began using centralcasting in 2001 with three regional hubs. Currently all NBC and
Telemundo O&Os are centralcasted from the Comcast Media Center in
763:
1380:
Managing
Television News: A Handbook for Ethical and Effective Producing; page 227; B. William Silcock, Don Heider, Mary T. Rogus; Routledge, 2007;
870:
505:
opportunity and during programming. Innovate's station group relies mostly on outsourced programming from third parties or the 24-hour feeds of
1073:
1385:
1421:"LOCAL NEWS, FROM FAR AWAY: "Centralcasting" saves money but could impair coverage, Deborah Potter, American Journalism Review, April 2003"
906:
506:
237:, in which each programme, each commercial advertisement, each live or network feed and each station break had been configured in advance.
332:
The use of large amounts of centrally assembled programming may also reduce local diversity, turning a station into little more than a
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105:
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1214:
888:
800:
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751:
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1238:
81:
1254:
CBC/Radio-Canada's move to centralcasting, Sep 1, 2005, Broadcast
Engineering, CBC/RADIO-CANADA BROADCAST ENGINEERING GROUP
952:
819:
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facility, with the other stations in the network mainly maintaining only basic engineering and studio operations in their
388:
180:
581:
325:
which require local, live and immediate coverage. Individual local stations must also retain enough equipment to handle
1360:
759:
641:
198:; these would contain time cues to indicate when the station could switch to a prerecorded local station break from a
1272:
974:
930:
806:
The reduction in local broadcast-related jobs as tasks are moved to central locations has also drawn objections from
57:
1324:
1047:
1021:
573:
253:
A fully centralised operation may have local stations which function as little more than a local news bureau and a
134:
by which customised signals for broadcast by multiple individual stations may be created at one central facility.
61:
767:
684:
406:
148:
734:'s operations for its six full-power and translator television stations originate from the public broadcaster's
780:
674:
651:
PBS SoCal is locating its technical facilities at the
Centralcast location in the Los Angeles Sawtelle district
382:
329:
messages, routing them automatically to any remote locations being used to encode the final broadcast signals.
281:
against the cost of the extra communications links required from the local station to the hub; these often are
1183:
530:
462:
359:
241:
123:
1445:
TV News That Looks Local, Even if It's Not, JIM RUTENBERG / MICHELINE MAYNARD, New York Times, June 2, 2003
1298:
1408:
829:
326:
184:
164:
46:
886:
Barix IP Audio
Devices Gaining Popularity in EAS Applications, Broadcast Equipment Guide, April 13, 2007
755:
481:, and its subsidiaries HC2 and DTV America centralcasts the station idents, all made up of a ten-second
456:
432:
428:
394:
378:
191:
168:
644:
member stations are using centralcasting facilities on a limited scale as a means to deploy additional
345:
and serving merely as a telephone/mail correspondence point, with its transmitter site hosting the EAS
50:
799:) in each market in which it appears, raising objections from proponents of localism and opponents of
1111:"Harris Corporation to Deliver ONE Broadcast Solution to Meredith for New Atlanta Centralcasting Hub"
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824:
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195:
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20:
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203:
74:
1099:
TECH ONE ON ONE WITH NTC'S ETHAN BUSH: IS KQED THE STATION OF THE FUTURE?, TVNEWSDAY, Jul 26 2007
735:
712:
693:
645:
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598:
587:
516:
298:
219:
199:
160:
70:
903:
210:. Syndicated programming would arrive separately, either recorded in advance from satellite for
1381:
796:
689:
494:
472:
466:
350:
176:
156:
85:
783:, have attempted to centralise not only routine operational tasks but also the production of
1074:"Loral Skynet to Provide Hearst-Argyle Television With Customized Satellite Based Solutions"
885:
606:
560:
552:
498:
322:
190:
Traditionally, many operations at an individual broadcast station were handled manually by
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996:
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24:
1165:
Ackerley links member stations via centralcasting; DigitalBroadcasting.com; May 17, 2001
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cut each time. However, these idents are crudely inserted regardless of each network's
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The resulting product contains largely the same content (and potentially the same
1456:
Union appeals CRTC ruling to
Federal Court of Appeal, April 2008, Canada NewsWire
1235:
1236:
PBS offer: automated control room in a box, Steve Behrens, Current, Dec. 1, 2003
997:"EQUITY MEDIA HOLDINGS CORP, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date Mar 31, 2008"
807:
708:
342:
254:
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took control of it in 2021, and now its stations are all controlled from its
665:
662:
570:
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374:
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1140:"NBC Selects Marconi For New National Broadband Video Distribution Network"
421:
channels), are operated from a centralcasting facility at flagship station
669:
306:
234:
226:
207:
1455:
1357:"N.Y. Public Broadcasters Centralize Master Control | TvTechnology"
868:
IP-based centralcasting, Mark Warner, Broadcast Engineering, Jun 1, 2008
385:
broadcast facility, even those in a market with another Scripps station.
842:
724:
595:
556:
490:
318:
301:
broadcasting as less equipment is required at each local station site.
618:
422:
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then sent directly to local station transmitters by the central hub.
543:
controlled all of its stations from two hubs. Stations east of the
680:
289:
or (occasionally) satellite and can be costly if large amounts of
230:
119:
1207:"CPB to equip 2 pubTV facilities as multistation master controls"
548:
527:
520:
414:
410:
194:
technicians at the local station. Network feeds would arrive by
648:
and remotely monitor unattended overnight broadcast operations.
435:. Individual station sites in the system were little more than
1409:
Online Focus: CENTRAL CASTING, PBS NewsHour, December 11, 2003
747:
743:
566:
29:
442:. This system, once one of the largest examples of central
1344:
580:. Additionally, NBC's cable channels are centralcast from
68:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
1299:"Behind TEGNA's 'Hub-and-Spoke' Master Control Facility"
555:, and all of its stations out West were controlled from
493:
from its hub, which has an inexplicably-placed default
370:
Individual users of centralcasting facilities include:
766:serving the state of Oklahoma. America's First was
155:and identity, much of the content on a typical
850:, an equivalent concept for the radio industry
362:take down all stations in the regional group.
537:in a tapeless/file-based automated operation.
497:in the middle of the sequence using the same
446:, was shut down as a result of Equity's 2009
8:
631:uses centralcasting from 5 regionalized hubs
409:'s three Washington stations (which include
49:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
975:"Retrans Deal Drives Cowles Centralcasting"
742:. This arrangement is common for statewide
214:or transported on prerecorded media. Local
64:and maintains a consistent citation style.
1022:"Fisher Chooses Omneon For Centralcasting"
469:, though it has no station in the market.
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1048:"O'Shea New Fox Stations Master Control"
637:centralcasts from Jacksonville, Florida.
860:
23:. For the cinematic talent agency, see
16:Centralised automation for broadcasting
1318:
1316:
953:"KHQ Launches Centralcasting With ABS"
661:television feeds for each of multiple
617:with additional regional hubs serving
601:to serve former Ackerley stations in
594:Digital CentralCasting facilities at
507:digital multicast television networks
485:slide with calls, channel number and
7:
1323:Kerschbaumer, Ken (5 October 2005).
377:began centralcasting in 2013 before
519:of programming for sister stations
56:Please consider converting them to
929:. 29 November 2010. Archived from
923:"Harris Drives Cox Centralcasting"
14:
1205:Behrens, Steve (3 October 2011).
341:of minimum compliance, hosting a
293:must be carried great distances.
1325:"Straight Out of Centralcasting"
1273:"Sinclair Speeds Centralcasting"
1184:"Cutting Back on Master Control"
801:concentration of media ownership
34:
225:Broadcast automation relies on
60:to ensure the article remains
1:
820:Automatic transmission system
762:in the state of Georgia, and
389:ABC Owned Television Stations
206:or a local program such as a
167:with a small number of local
130:refers to the use of systems
750:networks such as Kentucky's
582:Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
358:central hub is lost, lest a
202:, a local station ID from a
142:Centralcasting is a form of
977:. TVNewsCheck. 14 July 2011
760:Georgia Public Broadcasting
574:owned and operated stations
1490:
18:
1259:January 30, 2009, at the
873:January 30, 2009, at the
768:Alabama Public Television
685:Charlotte, North Carolina
657:generates individualised
407:Cowles Publishing Company
171:time blocks employed for
149:digital on-screen graphic
1277:Broadcasting & Cable
1241:January 1, 2009, at the
909:August 13, 2011, at the
781:Sinclair Broadcast Group
675:Sinclair Broadcast Group
383:West Palm Beach, Florida
267:Non-broadcast operations
262:rebroadcast programming.
1345:http://centralcast.org/
590:(now defunct) operated
463:Fox Television Stations
360:single point of failure
124:television broadcasting
1170:July 10, 2011, at the
830:Station identification
338:communities of license
327:Emergency Alert System
229:to store and retrieve
222:originated elsewhere.
185:television commercials
165:syndicated programming
19:This article is about
1474:Television technology
891:January 19, 2013, at
779:Some groups, such as
756:Nebraska Public Media
668:from one facility in
457:Fisher Communications
440:broadcast translators
433:Little Rock, Arkansas
429:Equity Media Holdings
395:CBS News and Stations
192:broadcast engineering
183:programming or local
169:broadcast programming
159:consists of a common
825:Broadcast automation
721:used centralcasting.
719:Tribune Broadcasting
701:YNN Central New York
677:uses centralcasting.
578:Centennial, Colorado
541:Meredith Corporation
535:Monterey, California
475:uses centralcasting.
459:used centralcasting.
444:broadcast automation
403:uses centralcasting.
397:uses centralcasting.
391:uses centralcasting.
220:television programme
144:broadcast automation
21:broadcast automation
1118:(21 September 2009)
797:journalistic biases
646:digital subchannels
629:Nexstar Media Group
547:were operated from
517:digital subchannels
204:character generator
736:Madison, Wisconsin
713:YNN Capital Region
683:centralcasts from
635:Graham Media Group
588:Newport Television
465:centralcasts from
299:digital television
200:videotape recorder
161:television network
1386:978-0-8058-5373-5
1217:on 1 October 2012
1146:. 4 February 2002
1028:. 7 November 2007
1002:. secdatabase.com
690:Time Warner Cable
473:Hearst Television
467:Las Vegas, Nevada
351:television camera
323:natural disasters
177:sports television
157:affiliate station
116:
115:
108:
66:Several templates
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1423:. Archived from
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1279:. 5 January 2003
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1120:on 11 April 2013
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1113:. Archived from
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1078:The Free Library
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1054:. 25 August 2011
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834:local insertion
816:
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740:city of license
659:French language
515:originates six
503:local insertion
487:city of license
401:Cox Media Group
368:
349:, along with a
315:
305:have needed to
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173:television news
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118:In terrestrial
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1080:. 8 April 2002
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479:Innovate Corp.
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1211:Current.org
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1144:PR Newswire
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615:Watertown
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571:Telemundo
375:Ion Media
321:or other
319:tornadoes
313:Drawbacks
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235:playlists
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