1889:
110:
3400:
3406:
1776:
3956:
1697:
1339:
1067:
937:
136:
1036:
1648:
1283:
902:
3986:
1599:
1224:
1496:, dropping it from their taxon list. The resulting cladogram (below) found Centrosaurini as a polytomy, a grouping with no discernable sister group relationships within it. The authors concluded that this meant the variation present within these species made it difficult to find any real resolution among them, and may even provide support for the hypothesis that centrosaurines evolved primarily via
3962:
1930:
1917:
of animals whose social structures are ranked hierarchies founded on age-related differences. In these sorts of groups, young males are typically sexually mature for several years before actually beginning to breed, when their mating signals are most fully developed. Females, by contrast, do not have
2695:
Tanke, D.H. and Brett-Surman, M.K. 2001. Evidence of
Hatchling and Nestling-Size Hadrosaurs (Reptilia:Ornithischia) from Dinosaur Provincial Park (Dinosaur Park Formation: Campanian), Alberta, Canada. pp. 206–218. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life—New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip
707:, all adult centrosaurines have spike-like ornaments midway up the skull. Morphometric analysis shows that centrosaurines differ from other ceratopsian groups in skull, snout, and frill shapes. There is evidence to suggest that male centrosaurines had an extended period of adolescence, and sexual
1966:
2504:
778:. Some features that have traditionally been used to classify these dinosaurs, like the number and arrangement of frill ornaments or spikes, have been discovered to be more variable than previously thought. For example, the
2691:
Sampson, S. D., 2001, Speculations on the socioecology of
Ceratopsid dinosaurs (Orinthischia: Neoceratopsia): In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press,
1483:
have shown a higher than predicted amount of variation. In 2020, Holmes et al. explored what the effect of recognizing such diversity would have on centrosaur classification. They used the same data as Chiba
1834:
dinosaur groups from North
America have also been found in Asia, so the initial absence of Asian centrosaurines had been surprising. The current evidence suggests that Centrosaurinae originated in
1967:"The oldest centrosaurine: a new ceratopsid dinosaur (Dinosauria: Ceratopsidae) from the Allison Member of the Menefee Formation (Upper Cretaceous, early Campanian), northwestern New Mexico, USA"
2671:
Sampson, S. D. (1995b). "Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper
Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana; with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)".
1475:
However, subsequent studies have cast doubt on the usefulness of minor variations in frill spike arrangement for classifying centrosaurines. In particular, large sample sizes of the species
2353:
Fiorillo, Anthony R. & Gangloff, Roland A. (2001). "Theropod teeth from the Prince Creek
Formation (Cretaceous) of northern Alaska, with speculations on Arctic dinosaur paleoecology".
1913:
did not achieve fully developed mating signals until nearly fully grown. Scott D. Sampson found commonality between the slow growth of mating signals in centrosaurines and the extended
1812:, Mexico, is the southernmost occurrence of a centrosaurine in North America. No centrosaurine fossils had been uncovered outside Western North America until the 2010 discovery of
1759:, a species from Alaska. The substituent clade Pachyrostra, compromising centrosaurs with bossed instead of horned noses, is defined as "the least inclusive clade including both
701:
Defining features of centrosaurines include a large nasal horn, short supratemporal horns, and an ornamented frill projecting from the back of the skull. With the exception of
2207:"Macroevolutionary patterns in cranial and lower jaw shape of ceratopsian dinosaurs (Dinosauria, Ornithischia): phylogeny, morphological integration, and evolutionary rates"
2533:"A New Centrosaurine Ceratopsid, Machairoceratops cronusi gen et sp. nov., from the Upper Sand Member of the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Southern Utah"
774:
The classification of centrosaurines and the relationships among the various species is complicated by a wide degree of variation between individuals and
123:
3399:
2721:
2452:
Xu, Xing; Wang, KeBai; Zhao, XiJin; Li, DunJing (2010-06-01). "First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications".
1888:
1747:
Pachyrhinosaurini was defined in 2012 by
Fiorillo & Tykoski. It was defined as all centrosaurine ceratopsids more closely related to
2314:
Holmes RB, Persons WS, Rupal, BS, Qureshi, AJ, Currie PJ (2020). "Morphological variation and asymmetrical development in the skull of
3405:
1791:
Centrosaurine fossils have mostly been found in
Western North America (Alberta, Montana, and Alaska). In the United States, two taxa,
109:
2275:
Kentaro Chiba; Michael J. Ryan; Federico Fanti; Mark A. Loewen; David C. Evans (2018). "New material and systematic re-evaluation of
2611:
2388:
Madzia, Daniel; Arbour, Victoria M.; Boyd, Clint A.; Farke, Andrew A.; Cruzado-Caballero, Penélope; Evans, David C. (2021-12-09).
3979:
2505:"A new Late Cretaceous (early Campanian) vertebrate fauna from the Allison Member, Menefee Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico"
1943:
1500:(a single lineage changing through time) rather than cladogenesis (multiple branching lineages with shared common ancestors).
1784:
794:, and recovered several distinct clades within Centrosaurini, which together formed a sister group to the Pachyrhinosaurini:
1876:
was more typical for this group at only 67 centimetres (26 in). In general, centrosaurines were about the size of a
135:
3955:
2162:
Ryan, Michael J. (2007-03-01). "A new basal centrosaurine ceratopsid from the oldman formation, southeastern alberta".
2120:"Craniofacial ontogeny in centrosaurine dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae): taxonomic and behavioral implications"
1333:
754:
1894:
1642:
1379:
1277:
1030:
1013:
982:
1870:
is an exception, with an estimated skull length of 180 centimetres (71 in). By contrast, the skull length of
2236:"A basal ceratopsid (Centrosaurinae: Nasutoceratopsini) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada"
1615:
1362:
1144:
2366:
2812:
2714:
839:
2175:
728:. The centrosaurines are further divided into three tribes: the Nasutoceratopsini, the Centrosaurini, and the
1848:
would have migrated to China from North
America. Some hypothesize that centrosaurines originated in southern
4086:
2930:
2058:"A remarkable short-snouted horned dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) of southern Laramidia"
1775:
4006:
1559:
1177:
1061:
2056:
Sampson, Scott D.; Lund, Eric K.; Loewen, Mark A.; Farke, Andrew A.; Clayton, Katherine E. (2013-09-07).
758:. Until 2016, the only division used was Pachyrhinosaurini, which is defined as centrosaurines closer to
4053:
3989:
2839:
2696:
J. Currie. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Indiana
University Press: Bloomington. xviii + 577 pp.
1906:
1674:
1593:
1309:
1218:
931:
822:
738:
3961:
2509:
New Mexico's Fossil Record 1. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of
Natural History and Science Bulletin 11
698:(modern day Alberta, Montana, and Alaska) but isolated taxa have been found in China and Utah as well.
1965:
Dalman, Sebastian G.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Jasinki, Steven G.; Lichtig, Asher J.; Dodson, Peter (2021).
4081:
2544:
2461:
1576:
1201:
1083:
882:
744:
279:
4044:
3095:
2707:
708:
2206:
1696:
1338:
3815:
3765:
3197:
2485:
2370:
2335:
2296:
2187:
1994:
1127:
650:
455:
130:
1066:
4058:
936:
3898:
3836:
3799:
3273:
3160:
2617:
2607:
2580:
2562:
2477:
2429:
2411:
2257:
2234:
Ryan, Michael J.; Holmes, Robert; Mallon, Jordan; Loewen, Mark; Evans, David C. (2016-10-27).
2179:
2141:
2095:
2077:
1986:
1803:
1263:
1035:
868:
748:
and centrosaurins are defined as centrosaurines (more specifically eucentrosaurans) closer to
729:
485:
3928:
3726:
3551:
3253:
2948:
2680:
2570:
2552:
2469:
2419:
2401:
2362:
2327:
2288:
2247:
2171:
2131:
2085:
2069:
2029:
1978:
1935:
1797:
1691:
634:
323:
2602:
Dinosaurs : the most complete, up-to-date encyclopedia for dinosaur lovers of all ages
1647:
1282:
901:
3822:
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3733:
3669:
3572:
3523:
3225:
3149:
3104:
2978:
2964:
2923:
2797:
2781:
1872:
1840:
1831:
465:
398:
333:
28:
2548:
2465:
3829:
3788:
3719:
3677:
3662:
3632:
3593:
3579:
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3457:
3336:
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3204:
3084:
3034:
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2937:
2575:
2532:
2424:
2389:
2136:
2119:
2090:
2057:
1910:
1861:
1793:
1780:
725:
715:
680:
475:
418:
313:
302:
259:
212:
2531:
Lund, Eric K.; O’Connor, Patrick M.; Loewen, Mark A.; Jinnah, Zubair A. (2016-05-18).
1598:
1223:
4075:
3907:
3886:
3856:
3847:
3747:
3641:
3586:
3565:
3537:
3530:
3516:
3509:
3315:
3304:
3297:
3239:
3232:
3218:
3176:
3111:
3077:
3048:
3001:
2600:
2489:
2374:
2339:
2300:
2191:
1998:
1106:
624:
602:
558:
353:
67:
1838:
90-80 million years ago, with the discovery of the oldest known centrosaurine,
3921:
3872:
3865:
3781:
3754:
3740:
3648:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3558:
3544:
3436:
3423:
3354:
3343:
3328:
3290:
3282:
3264:
3169:
3135:
3118:
3070:
3063:
3019:
2824:
2772:
2684:
1866:
1814:
720:
703:
688:
592:
538:
528:
408:
363:
343:
268:
241:
196:
118:
2331:
2279:(Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Judith River Formation (Campanian, Montana)".
2557:
4038:
3914:
3808:
3691:
3655:
3478:
3190:
3055:
1914:
1660:
1295:
582:
445:
373:
42:
1982:
694:. Centrosaurine fossil remains are known primarily from the northern region of
3684:
3600:
3450:
3183:
2971:
2905:
2892:
2851:
2730:
2473:
1925:
1877:
1497:
684:
228:
87:
52:
4029:
2621:
2566:
2481:
2415:
2261:
2183:
2145:
2081:
1990:
2205:
Maiorino, Leonardo; Farke, Andrew A; Kotsakis, Tassos; Piras, Paolo (2017).
1849:
1835:
779:
695:
147:
92:
36:
2584:
2433:
2252:
2235:
2099:
2073:
2658:"Sociological Correlates in Extant Vertebrates," Sampson (2001); page 265.
2034:
2013:
1779:
Skull of an unnamed nasutoceratopsin exhibited in the Museo del Mamuth in
4023:
3485:
3471:
3464:
3027:
2763:
2754:
1819:
1809:
775:
691:
180:
167:
82:
77:
62:
57:
47:
2406:
2292:
3879:
3041:
2985:
2018:
from the North Slope (Prince Creek Formation: Maastrichtian) of Alaska"
548:
97:
72:
2748:
1902:
157:
4000:
2118:
Sampson, Scott D.; Ryan, Michael J.; Tanke, Darren H. (1997-11-01).
1887:
1823:
1774:
736:(2016). Nasutoceratopsins are defined as centrosaurines closer to
1880:
with body lengths ranging from 2.5–8 metres (8.2–26.2 ft).
4004:
3421:
2890:
2741:
2703:
2654:
2652:
2646:"Retarded Growth of Mating Signals," Sampson (2001); page 270.
2507:. In Lucas, SG; Estep, JW; Williamson, TE; Morgan, GS (eds.).
782:
presented below follows a 2016 phylogenetic analysis by Chiba
2699:
2014:"A new Maastrichtian species of the centrosaurine ceratopsid
2642:
2640:
2367:
10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0675:TTFTPC]2.0.CO;2
2390:"The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs"
2176:
10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[376:ANBCCF]2.0.CO;2
1905:
sized centrosaurine fossils have been documented in the
1864:, centrosaurines are relatively small. The primitive
2634:"Abstract," Tanke and Brett-Surman (2001). Page 207.
2012:
Fiorillo, Anthony R. and Tykoski, Ronald S. (2012).
630:
620:
609:
598:
588:
578:
567:
554:
544:
534:
524:
509:
494:
481:
471:
461:
451:
441:
426:
414:
404:
394:
379:
369:
359:
349:
339:
329:
319:
309:
298:
275:
4013:
3897:
3855:
3846:
3798:
3764:
3705:
3631:
3495:
3434:
3353:
3314:
3272:
3263:
3159:
3133:
3094:
2999:
2947:
2903:
2850:
2823:
2796:
2599:
1826:. However, some authors question the placement of
683:, meaning "pointed lizards") is a subfamily of
2715:
8:
1960:
1958:
1755:. It was defined during the description of
714:Centrosaurinae was named by paleontologist
4001:
3852:
3711:
3501:
3442:
3431:
3418:
3320:
3269:
3141:
3011:
3007:
2915:
2911:
2900:
2887:
2829:
2802:
2793:
2738:
2722:
2708:
2700:
786:(2017). These authors treated the species
108:
20:
2574:
2556:
2423:
2405:
2251:
2135:
2124:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2089:
2033:
1801:, have been found as far south as Utah.
1954:
1892:Hypothesised ontogenic development of
2447:
2445:
2443:
7:
2229:
2227:
2157:
2155:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
1666:
1634:
1551:
1520:
1513:
1503:
1354:
1325:
1301:
1269:
1193:
1169:
1119:
1112:
1102:
1005:
998:
974:
874:
864:
814:
807:
797:
2673:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2355:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2240:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2137:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00340.x
14:
1844:further proving this. This means
1830:within Centrosaurinae. All other
3985:
3984:
3960:
3954:
3404:
3398:
1944:Timeline of ceratopsian research
1928:
1860:Compared to their sister group,
1695:
1646:
1597:
1337:
1281:
1222:
1065:
1034:
935:
900:
711:did not appear until adulthood.
134:
687:, a group of large quadrupedal
2685:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011259
1918:such an extended adolescence.
124:Palaeontological Museum Munich
16:Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
1:
2332:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104308
2214:Evolutionary Ecology Research
2022:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2558:10.1371/journal.pone.0154403
616:Fiorillo & Tykoski, 2012
1761:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
1749:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
1334:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
760:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
755:Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
4103:
1983:10.1007/s12542-021-00555-w
1909:. Research indicates that
1895:Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
1852:and later radiated north.
1757:Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
1643:Einiosaurus procurvicornis
1488:s 2017 study, but treated
1380:Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum
1278:Einiosaurus procurvicornis
1031:Wendiceratops pinhornensis
1014:Sinoceratops zhuchengensis
983:Xenoceratops foremostensis
3974:
3952:
3714:
3504:
3445:
3430:
3417:
3395:
3323:
3144:
3014:
3010:
2918:
2914:
2899:
2886:
2832:
2805:
2792:
2737:
2474:10.1007/s11434-009-3614-5
2316:Styracosaurus albertensis
1688:
1671:
1664:
1639:
1632:
1616:Styracosaurus albertensis
1612:
1590:
1573:
1556:
1549:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1481:Styracosaurus albertensis
1376:
1363:Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai
1359:
1352:
1330:
1323:
1306:
1299:
1274:
1267:
1215:
1198:
1191:
1174:
1167:
1145:Styracosaurus albertensis
1141:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1100:
1080:
1058:
1027:
1010:
1003:
996:
979:
972:
950:
928:
915:
897:
879:
872:
862:
836:
819:
812:
805:
792:Styracosaurus albertensis
656:
649:
295:
290:
274:
267:
131:Scientific classification
129:
119:Centrosaurus "nasicornus"
116:
107:
23:
2454:Chinese Science Bulletin
1808:a nasutoceratopsin from
840:Machairoceratops cronusi
2931:Micropachycephalosaurus
2503:Williamson, TE (1997).
2281:Journal of Paleontology
2164:Journal of Paleontology
2253:10.1139/cjes-2016-0110
2074:10.1098/rspb.2013.1186
1898:
1788:
1785:municipality of Aldama
1560:Coronosaurus brinkmani
1178:Coronosaurus brinkmani
1062:Albertaceratops nesmoi
4054:Paleobiology Database
2598:Rey, Luis V. (2007).
2035:10.4202/app.2011.0033
1907:scientific literature
1891:
1778:
1765:Achelousaurus horneri
1675:Achelousaurus horneri
1594:Spinops sternbergorum
1310:Achelousaurus horneri
1219:Spinops sternbergorum
932:Nasutoceratops titusi
823:Diabloceratops eatoni
739:Nasutoceratops titusi
2277:Medusaceratops lokii
1753:Centrosaurus apertus
1577:Centrosaurus apertus
1477:Centrosaurus apertus
1202:Centrosaurus apertus
1084:Medusaceratops lokii
883:Avaceratops lammersi
764:Centrosaurus apertus
750:Centrosaurus apertus
745:Centrosaurus apertus
704:Centrosaurus apertus
280:Centrosaurus apertus
3096:Archaeoceratopsidae
2549:2016PLoSO..1154403L
2466:2010ChSBu..55.1631X
2407:10.7717/peerj.12362
2320:Cretaceous Research
2293:10.1017/jpa.2017.62
659:Pachyrhinosaurinae
3816:Crittendenceratops
3766:Albertaceratopsini
2068:(1766): 20131186.
1899:
1789:
1128:Rubeosaurus ovatus
788:Rubeosaurus ovatus
456:Crittendenceratops
383:Albertaceratopsini
4069:
4068:
4007:Taxon identifiers
3998:
3997:
3970:
3969:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3899:Pachyrhinosaurini
3837:Yehuecauhceratops
3800:Nasutoceratopsini
3701:
3700:
3413:
3412:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3274:Protoceratopsidae
3161:Leptoceratopsidae
3129:
3128:
2995:
2994:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2692:pp. 263–276.
2460:(16): 1631–1635.
1820:Shandong Province
1804:Yehuecauhceratops
1744:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1707:
1629:Pachyrhinosaurini
1538:
1537:
1528:Nasutoceratopsini
1472:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1264:Pachyrhinosaurini
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1156:
1155:
1047:
1046:
961:
960:
869:Nasutoceratopsini
851:
850:
790:as distinct from
730:Pachyrhinosaurini
674:
673:
668:
662:
617:
575:
571:Pachyrhinosaurini
521:
506:
486:Yehuecauhceratops
438:
430:Nasutoceratopsini
391:
263:
4094:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4002:
3988:
3987:
3965:
3964:
3958:
3929:Pachyrhinosaurus
3853:
3727:Machairoceratops
3712:
3552:Coahuilaceratops
3502:
3443:
3432:
3419:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3321:
3270:
3254:Zhuchengceratops
3142:
3012:
3008:
2949:Chaoyangsauridae
2916:
2912:
2901:
2888:
2830:
2803:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2739:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2688:
2659:
2656:
2647:
2644:
2635:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2606:. Random House.
2605:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2560:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2511:. pp. 51–59
2500:
2494:
2493:
2449:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2409:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2139:
2115:
2104:
2103:
2093:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2016:Pachyrhinosaurus
2009:
2003:
2002:
1962:
1938:
1936:Dinosaurs portal
1933:
1932:
1931:
1798:Machairoceratops
1699:
1692:Pachyrhinosaurus
1667:
1650:
1635:
1601:
1552:
1521:
1514:
1504:
1492:as a synonym of
1355:
1341:
1326:
1302:
1285:
1270:
1226:
1194:
1170:
1120:
1113:
1103:
1069:
1038:
1006:
999:
975:
952:Malta new taxon
939:
904:
875:
865:
815:
808:
798:
666:
660:
635:Pachyrhinosaurus
632:
622:
615:
611:
600:
590:
580:
573:
569:
556:
546:
536:
526:
515:
511:
500:
496:
483:
473:
463:
453:
443:
432:
428:
416:
406:
396:
385:
381:
371:
361:
351:
341:
331:
324:Machairoceratops
321:
311:
300:
277:
258:
253:
240:
227:
211:
195:
139:
138:
112:
102:
39:
27:Temporal range:
21:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4057:
4052:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4009:
3999:
3994:
3966:
3959:
3934:
3893:
3842:
3823:Furcatoceratops
3794:
3775:Albertaceratops
3760:
3734:Menefeeceratops
3697:
3670:Tatankaceratops
3627:
3573:Mercuriceratops
3524:Arrhinoceratops
3491:
3439:
3426:
3409:
3397:
3369:
3349:
3310:
3259:
3226:Montanoceratops
3155:
3150:Graciliceratops
3138:
3125:
3105:Archaeoceratops
3090:
3004:
2991:
2979:Xuanhuaceratops
2965:Hualianceratops
2943:
2924:Albalophosaurus
2908:
2895:
2866:
2846:
2819:
2813:Avemetatarsalia
2798:Avemetatarsalia
2788:
2782:Marginocephalia
2744:
2743:
2733:
2728:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2633:
2629:
2614:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2543:(5): e0154403.
2530:
2529:
2525:
2514:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2451:
2450:
2441:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2062:Proc. R. Soc. B
2055:
2054:
2043:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1952:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1886:
1873:Albertoceratops
1858:
1841:Menefeeceratops
1832:Late Cretaceous
1773:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1539:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1157:
1048:
962:
852:
772:
661:Sternberg, 1950
574:Sternberg, 1950
466:Furcatoceratops
399:Albertaceratops
334:Menefeeceratops
286:
283:
257:
251:
238:
225:
209:
193:
133:
103:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
34:
33:
32:
29:Late Cretaceous
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4100:
4098:
4090:
4089:
4087:Centrosaurines
4084:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4050:
4045:Centrosaurinae
4035:
4019:
4017:
4015:Centrosaurinae
4011:
4010:
4005:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3982:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3861:
3859:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3830:Nasutoceratops
3826:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3789:Medusaceratops
3785:
3778:
3770:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3720:Diabloceratops
3715:
3709:
3707:Centrosaurinae
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3678:Titanoceratops
3674:
3666:
3663:Regaliceratops
3659:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3635:
3633:Triceratopsini
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3594:Sierraceratops
3590:
3583:
3580:Navajoceratops
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3505:
3499:
3497:Chasmosaurinae
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3458:Brachyceratops
3454:
3446:
3440:
3435:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3337:Turanoceratops
3333:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3278:
3276:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3250:
3247:Unescoceratops
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3212:Ischioceratops
3208:
3205:Gryphoceratops
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3145:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3108:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3085:Sasayamagnomus
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3035:Auroraceratops
3031:
3024:
3015:
3005:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2958:Chaoyangsaurus
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2938:Psittacosaurus
2934:
2927:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2806:
2800:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2679:(4): 743–760.
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2627:
2612:
2590:
2523:
2495:
2439:
2380:
2361:(4): 675–682.
2345:
2306:
2287:(2): 272–288.
2267:
2223:
2197:
2170:(2): 376–396.
2151:
2130:(3): 293–337.
2105:
2041:
2028:(3): 561–573.
2004:
1977:(2): 291–335.
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1923:
1920:
1911:centrosaurines
1885:
1882:
1862:Chasmosaurinae
1857:
1854:
1794:Diabloceratops
1781:Chihuahua City
1772:
1769:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1670:
1665:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1508:Centrosaurinae
1502:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
992:
991:
988:
987:
978:
973:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
959:
958:
955:
954:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
878:
873:
871:
863:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
849:
848:
845:
844:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
818:
813:
811:
806:
804:
802:Centrosaurinae
796:
771:
770:Classification
768:
718:in 1915, with
716:Lawrence Lambe
677:Centrosaurinae
672:
671:
670:
669:
665:Monocloniinae
663:
654:
653:
647:
646:
645:
644:
643:
642:
641:
640:
639:
638:
628:
607:
596:
586:
565:
564:
563:
552:
542:
532:
492:
491:
490:
479:
476:Nasutoceratops
469:
459:
449:
424:
423:
422:
419:Medusaceratops
412:
402:
377:
367:
357:
347:
337:
327:
317:
314:Diabloceratops
307:
303:Brachyceratops
293:
292:
288:
287:
284:
272:
271:
265:
264:
255:Centrosaurinae
249:
245:
244:
236:
232:
231:
223:
216:
215:
213:Neornithischia
207:
200:
199:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
114:
113:
105:
104:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
40:
26:
24:Centrosaurines
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4099:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4060:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3991:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3963:
3957:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3908:Achelousaurus
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3887:Styracosaurus
3884:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3857:Centrosaurini
3854:
3851:
3849:
3848:Eucentrosaura
3845:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3748:Wendiceratops
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3642:Eotriceratops
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:Pentaceratops
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:Kosmoceratops
3563:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3538:Bravoceratops
3535:
3533:
3532:
3531:Bisticeratops
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3517:Anchiceratops
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:Agujaceratops
3507:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3401:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Ceratopsoidea
3313:
3307:
3306:
3305:Protoceratops
3302:
3300:
3299:
3298:Breviceratops
3295:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3240:Udanoceratops
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:Prenoceratops
3230:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:Leptoceratops
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3177:Bainoceratops
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3132:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:Helioceratops
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3078:Mosaiceratops
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3049:Koreaceratops
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3002:Neoceratopsia
2998:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2694:
2690:
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1516:
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1494:Styracosaurus
1491:
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1459:
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1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:Centrosaurini
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:Eucentrosaura
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
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1021:
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1007:
1001:
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994:
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990:
989:
986:
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970:
969:
966:
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948:
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943:
940:
938:
934:
933:
926:
925:
922:
921:
918:
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
903:
895:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:(ANSP 15800)
885:
884:
877:
876:
870:
867:
866:
860:
859:
856:
855:
847:
846:
843:
842:
841:
834:
833:
830:
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826:
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824:
817:
816:
810:
809:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
776:growth stages
769:
767:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
747:
746:
741:
740:
735:
731:
727:
723:
722:
717:
712:
710:
709:ornamentation
706:
705:
699:
697:
693:
690:
689:ornithischian
686:
682:
678:
664:
658:
657:
655:
652:
648:
637:
636:
629:
627:
626:
625:Achelousaurus
619:
618:
614:
608:
605:
604:
603:Styracosaurus
597:
595:
594:
587:
585:
584:
577:
576:
572:
566:
561:
560:
559:Styracosaurus
553:
551:
550:
543:
541:
540:
533:
531:
530:
523:
522:
519:
514:
513:Centrosaurini
508:
507:
504:
499:
498:Eucentrosaura
493:
488:
487:
480:
478:
477:
470:
468:
467:
460:
458:
457:
450:
448:
447:
440:
439:
436:
431:
425:
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403:
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400:
393:
392:
389:
384:
378:
376:
375:
368:
366:
365:
358:
356:
355:
354:Wendiceratops
348:
346:
345:
338:
336:
335:
328:
326:
325:
318:
316:
315:
308:
305:
304:
297:
296:
294:
289:
282:
281:
273:
270:
266:
261:
256:
250:
247:
246:
243:
237:
234:
233:
230:
224:
221:
218:
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214:
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106:
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94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
30:
22:
19:
4014:
3927:
3922:Stellasaurus
3920:
3913:
3906:
3885:
3878:
3873:Coronosaurus
3871:
3866:Centrosaurus
3864:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3787:
3782:Lokiceratops
3780:
3773:
3755:Xenoceratops
3753:
3746:
3741:Sinoceratops
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3706:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3649:Nedoceratops
3647:
3640:
3622:Vagaceratops
3620:
3615:Utahceratops
3613:
3608:Terminocavus
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3559:Judiceratops
3557:
3550:
3545:Chasmosaurus
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3437:Ceratopsidae
3424:Ceratopsidae
3355:Ceratopsidae
3344:Zuniceratops
3342:
3335:
3329:Ajkaceratops
3327:
3303:
3296:
3291:Bagaceratops
3289:
3283:Ajkaceratops
3281:
3265:Coronosauria
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3170:Asiaceratops
3168:
3148:
3136:Euceratopsia
3119:Yamaceratops
3117:
3110:
3103:
3083:
3076:
3071:Microceratus
3069:
3064:Liaoceratops
3062:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3020:Ajkaceratops
3018:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2840:Ornithischia
2825:Ornithischia
2777:
2773:Ornithischia
2768:
2759:
2676:
2672:
2630:
2601:
2593:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2513:. Retrieved
2508:
2498:
2457:
2453:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2243:
2239:
2217:
2213:
2200:
2167:
2163:
2127:
2123:
2065:
2061:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2007:
1974:
1970:
1900:
1893:
1884:Reproduction
1871:
1867:Sinoceratops
1865:
1859:
1846:Sinoceratops
1845:
1839:
1828:Sinoceratops
1827:
1815:Sinoceratops
1813:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1771:Biogeography
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1690:
1689:
1673:
1672:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1614:
1613:
1592:
1591:
1575:
1574:
1558:
1557:
1527:
1526:
1507:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1378:
1377:
1361:
1360:
1332:
1331:
1308:
1307:
1276:
1275:
1217:
1216:
1200:
1199:
1176:
1175:
1143:
1142:
1126:
1125:
1096:
1082:
1081:
1060:
1059:
1029:
1028:
1012:
1011:
981:
980:
951:
930:
929:
916:
898:
881:
880:
838:
837:
821:
820:
801:
791:
787:
783:
773:
763:
759:
753:
749:
743:
737:
733:
721:Centrosaurus
719:
713:
702:
700:
676:
675:
667:Nopcsa, 1923
633:
623:
612:
601:
593:Stellasaurus
591:
581:
570:
557:
547:
539:Coronosaurus
537:
529:Centrosaurus
527:
517:
512:
502:
497:
484:
474:
464:
454:
444:
434:
429:
417:
409:Lokiceratops
407:
397:
387:
382:
372:
364:Xenoceratops
362:
352:
344:Sinoceratops
342:
332:
322:
312:
301:
278:
269:Type species
254:
242:Ceratopsidae
219:
203:
197:Ornithischia
187:
174:
117:
18:
4082:Ceratopsids
4039:Wikispecies
3915:Einiosaurus
3809:Avaceratops
3692:Triceratops
3656:Ojoceratops
3479:Monoclonius
3191:Ferrisaurus
3056:Kulceratops
2246:(1): 1–14.
1915:adolescence
1783:, from the
1661:Pachyrostra
1490:Rubeosaurus
1296:Pachyrostra
613:Pachyrostra
583:Einiosaurus
446:Avaceratops
374:Monoclonius
285:Lambe, 1904
248:Subfamily:
35:82–69
4076:Categories
3978:See also:
3685:Torosaurus
3601:Spiclypeus
3451:Agathaumas
3364:see below↓
3184:Cerasinops
2972:Stenopelix
2906:Ceratopsia
2893:Ceratopsia
2861:see below↓
2852:Ceratopsia
2764:Dinosauria
2731:Ceratopsia
2665:References
2400:: e12362.
2326:: 104308.
2220:: 123–167.
1878:rhinoceros
1498:anagenesis
726:type genus
685:ceratopsid
679:(from the
291:Subgroups
229:Ceratopsia
181:Dinosauria
122:skeleton,
2747:Kingdom:
2622:930042495
2567:1932-6203
2490:128972108
2482:1001-6538
2416:2167-8359
2375:130766946
2340:210260909
2301:134031275
2262:0008-4077
2192:130607301
2184:0022-3360
2146:0024-4082
2082:0962-8452
1999:234351502
1991:0031-0220
1950:Footnotes
1901:Possible
1856:Body size
1850:Laramidia
1836:Laramidia
917:CMN 8804
780:cladogram
696:Laramidia
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
4024:Wikidata
3990:Category
3980:Timeline
3486:Polyonax
3472:Dysganus
3465:Ceratops
3028:Aquilops
2755:Chordata
2753:Phylum:
2749:Animalia
2585:27192148
2537:PLOS ONE
2515:21 April
2434:34966571
2100:23864598
1922:See also
1810:Coahuila
1751:than to
899:MOR 692
762:than to
752:than to
742:than to
732:by Ryan
692:dinosaur
651:Synonyms
235:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
4030:Q132304
3880:Spinops
3198:Gremlin
2986:Yinlong
2576:4871575
2545:Bibcode
2462:Bibcode
2425:8667728
2091:3730592
1903:neonate
1818:in the
1486:et al.'
724:as the
549:Spinops
386:Loewen
2620:
2610:
2583:
2573:
2565:
2488:
2480:
2432:
2422:
2414:
2373:
2338:
2299:
2260:
2190:
2182:
2144:
2098:
2088:
2080:
1997:
1989:
784:et al.
520:, 2017
518:et al.
505:, 2018
503:et al.
501:Chiba
437:, 2017
435:et al.
390:, 2024
388:et al.
262:, 1915
4059:53953
2778:Clade
2769:Clade
2760:Clade
2486:S2CID
2394:PeerJ
2371:S2CID
2336:S2CID
2297:S2CID
2210:(PDF)
2188:S2CID
1995:S2CID
1824:China
734:et al
681:Greek
516:Ryan
433:Ryan
260:Lambe
220:Clade
204:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
2838:see
2811:see
2618:OCLC
2608:ISBN
2581:PMID
2563:ISSN
2517:2021
2478:ISSN
2430:PMID
2412:ISSN
2258:ISSN
2180:ISSN
2142:ISSN
2096:PMID
2078:ISSN
1987:ISSN
1971:PalZ
1796:and
1763:and
1479:and
43:PreꞒ
3042:Beg
2681:doi
2571:PMC
2553:doi
2470:doi
2420:PMC
2402:doi
2363:doi
2328:doi
2324:107
2318:".
2289:doi
2248:doi
2172:doi
2132:doi
2128:121
2086:PMC
2070:doi
2066:280
2030:doi
1979:doi
1822:of
4078::
4056::
4041::
4026::
2780::
2771::
2762::
2677:15
2675:.
2651:^
2639:^
2616:.
2579:.
2569:.
2561:.
2551:.
2541:11
2539:.
2535:.
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2476:.
2468:.
2458:55
2456:.
2442:^
2428:.
2418:.
2410:.
2396:.
2392:.
2369:.
2359:20
2357:.
2334:.
2322:.
2295:.
2285:92
2283:.
2256:.
2244:54
2242:.
2238:.
2226:^
2218:18
2216:.
2212:.
2186:.
2178:.
2168:81
2166:.
2154:^
2140:.
2126:.
2122:.
2108:^
2094:.
2084:.
2076:.
2064:.
2060:.
2044:^
2026:57
2024:.
2020:.
1993:.
1985:.
1975:95
1973:.
1969:.
1957:^
1767:.
766:.
222::
206::
190::
177::
93:Pg
37:Ma
31:,
3890:?
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2683::
2624:.
2587:.
2555::
2547::
2521:.
2519:.
2492:.
2472::
2464::
2436:.
2404::
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2377:.
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2303:.
2291::
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2250::
2194:.
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2032::
2001:.
1981::
1806:,
1787:.
631:†
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606:?
599:†
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535:†
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482:†
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452:†
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340:†
330:†
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310:†
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299:†
276:†
252:†
239:†
226:†
210:†
194:†
98:N
88:K
83:J
78:T
73:P
68:C
63:D
58:S
53:O
48:Ꞓ
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
