1001:
128:
104:
409:, and the use of unreliable characters. Until recently, various authors had recognized five to eight species, along with at least five undescribed species in Australian waters and more in the western central Pacific and the Indian Ocean. In 2008, significant studies were made in resolving the taxonomy of
306:
are placed far back on the body, with the first much larger than the second. Different species have various color patterns of saddles, blotches, reticulations, and/or spots. The largest members of the genus can grow over 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Swellsharks prey on a variety of fishes and
1132:. Swellsharks are perhaps best known for their ability to inflate themselves by rapidly swallowing water or air when threatened; this behavior may allow them to wedge themselves inside crevices, make themselves harder to swallow, and/or intimidate a would-be predator. Reproduction is
1072:. The coloration is typically grayish or brownish, with a variety of patterns that include saddles, blotches, reticulations, and/or spots. In several species, the juveniles differ substantially in coloration from the adults.
404:
owing to several factors, including variation in appearance (particularly between juveniles and adults), the existence of multiple undescribed species, a paucity of detailed scientific descriptions and
302:. They have stocky, spindle-shaped bodies and short, broad, and flattened heads. The mouth is capacious, containing many small teeth and lacking furrows at the corners. The two
3117:
3143:
1116:-like) mode of swimming. Of the species whose diets have been documented, they have been known to feed on a wide variety of benthic organisms, including other
1032:
behind. The mouth is very large and wide, containing numerous small, multicusped teeth; the upper teeth are exposed when the mouth is closed (except in
3091:
1349:
3130:
3227:
1016:. The head is short (comprising less than a fifth of the total length), broad, and flattened. The snout is very short and blunt, with the
1065:
is broad with a distinct lower lobe and a strong ventral notch near the tip of the upper lobe. The skin is thick and covered by well-
1020:
preceded by laterally enlarged flaps of skin. The eyes are horizontally oval or slit-like and placed high on the head, with cat-like
1319:
1299:
1223:
521:
3189:
2036:
1880:
484:
1172:), are known to be extremely hardy, capable of surviving out of water for extended periods and adapting readily to captivity.
2000:
3135:
2387:
353:. However, most of Gill's contemporaries, particularly those in Europe, preferred to keep the swellsharks within the genus
127:
2438:
1342:
976:, and subsequently dispersed outwards in a series of colonization events, eventually reaching Africa and the Americas.
3052:
3029:
2210:
1829:
1724:
1242:
Schaaf-Da Silva, J.A. and D.A. Ebert (September 8, 2008). "A revision of the western North
Pacific swellsharks, genus
1000:
3148:
2072:
2027:
2369:
2333:
2315:
2297:
2261:
2219:
1585:
1141:
316:
3217:
2351:
2288:
2270:
2090:
1742:
552:
507:
1152:
Swellsharks are harmless to humans and generally of no economic value, but are susceptible to being caught as
2645:
1838:
1769:
1335:
1246:
Gill 1862 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), including descriptions of two new species".
739:
2969:
2876:
2840:
2831:
2753:
2609:
2378:
2018:
1871:
1077:
1029:
833:
632:
601:
565:
475:
470:
811:
799:
787:
775:
763:
751:
3222:
2894:
2867:
2849:
2420:
2054:
1751:
1700:
1637:
1603:
1506:
855:
516:
111:
3057:
3171:
3194:
3158:
3078:
3016:
3007:
2162:
2009:
1931:
1820:
1682:
1567:
829:
718:
448:
1061:. The first dorsal and anal fins are much larger than the second dorsal fin. The tail is short; the
561:
493:
2771:
2762:
2306:
2135:
2117:
2099:
2045:
1991:
1922:
1778:
1691:
1497:
1472:
1438:
1431:
898:
879:
727:
691:
641:
619:
610:
583:
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557:
539:
502:
457:
426:
381:
2903:
2654:
2600:
2567:
2489:
2252:
2144:
2081:
2063:
1733:
1655:
1646:
1630:
1612:
1513:
1479:
1422:
1161:
1089:
1025:
949:
731:
695:
682:
669:
664:
655:
623:
587:
543:
530:
489:
461:
439:
393:
358:
122:
3122:
3065:
2885:
2813:
2672:
2627:
2411:
2342:
2243:
2186:
2108:
1949:
1664:
1621:
1594:
1558:
1549:
1531:
1522:
1402:
1315:
1295:
1219:
1083:
1033:
989:
939:
865:
673:
596:
435:
199:
1314:
Michael, S.W. (1993). Reef Sharks & Rays of the World. Sea
Challengers. pp. 52–53.
3181:
2789:
2744:
2729:
2663:
2360:
1940:
1904:
1760:
1540:
1488:
1463:
268:
103:
2939:
2858:
2780:
2696:
2636:
2456:
1958:
1157:
1069:
1013:
985:
862:
413:, with a revision of the genus and an increase in the number of described species to 21.
3021:
1012:
Swellsharks are stocky and spindle shaped, with the trunk tapering substantially to the
278:
because of their ability to inflate their bodies with water or air as a defense against
3034:
2948:
2912:
2618:
2540:
2531:
2507:
2498:
2480:
2465:
2447:
2429:
2324:
2279:
2201:
1913:
1862:
1847:
1576:
1454:
1445:
1390:
1384:
1359:
339:
179:
169:
1144:
with tendrils at the corners that allow them to be attached to underwater structures.
3211:
2576:
2549:
2516:
2126:
1811:
1802:
1787:
1673:
1066:
933:
723:
709:
687:
650:
637:
615:
579:
535:
453:
431:
406:
372:
335:
332:
299:
226:
61:
3070:
2930:
2822:
2804:
2720:
1967:
1194:. A Listing of Fossil sharks and Rays of the World. Retrieved on February 14, 2010.
1117:
1042:
981:
363:
308:
295:
283:
235:
3104:
3001:
2558:
1895:
319:
in pairs. They are harmless and have been deemed of having no commercial value.
36:
2992:
2921:
2687:
2591:
2402:
2177:
2153:
1413:
1125:
1095:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1046:
973:
965:
955:
895:
887:
883:
704:
387:
303:
81:
46:
2711:
1715:
1133:
1121:
1053:
are placed far back on the body: the first dorsal fin originates behind the
925:
913:
851:
846:
312:
291:
139:
86:
1327:
1191:
1088:, which are under 50 cm (20 in) long, and large species include
400:
A long history of taxonomic confusion exists regarding the species within
3044:
2986:
1378:
1058:
961:
929:
917:
287:
279:
271:
264:
209:
159:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
3096:
1153:
1137:
1129:
1017:
921:
876:
91:
66:
1057:
origins, while the second dorsal fin is positioned about opposite the
894:
divergence in sharks, the swellshark lineage likely dates back to the
3109:
2234:
1372:
872:
149:
2963:
1112:
are generally slow-moving, sedentary animals with an anguilliform (
1076:
species generally fall into two size groups: dwarf species include
3166:
1396:
1021:
999:
945:
858:
260:
189:
3083:
2967:
1331:
932:
species are found. The most far-flung members of the genus are
1279:
A Taxonomic
Revision of the North Pacific Swell Sharks, Genus
1113:
891:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
912:
is widely distributed in the Indian and
Pacific Oceans, in
1281:
Cephaloscyllium. M.Sc. Thesis, San José State
University.
1136:, with females producing two eggs at a time, one in each
421:
There are currently 17 recognized species in this genus:
1290:
Last, P.R., W.T. White and J.J. Pogonoski (eds) (2008).
1294:. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper No. 022.
1100:, which may exceed 1 m (3.3 ft) in length.
1038:). No furrows are found at the corners of the mouth.
2976:
2802:
2742:
2709:
2685:
2589:
2529:
2478:
2400:
2232:
2199:
2175:
1980:
1893:
1860:
1800:
1713:
1411:
351:
Annals of the Lyceum of
Natural History of New York
988:to a depth of 670 m (2,200 ft) on upper
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1140:. Individual eggs are enclosed in a flask-shaped
375:published "The Plagiostomia" in a 1913 volume of
928:and in the west-central Pacific, where multiple
1028:. A broad ridge occurs beneath each eye, and a
1008:) have broad, flattened heads and thick bodies.
1292:Descriptions of new Australian Chondrichthyans
1343:
8:
377:Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
1218:. Blackburn Press. pp. 110–115, 392.
836:studies have shown the closest relative of
2964:
1350:
1336:
1328:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1186:
1184:
924:. Swellshark diversity is greatest around
102:
20:
1310:
1308:
379:, in which he recognized three species:
1277:Schaaf-Da Silva, J.A. (December 2007).
1180:
1045:are generally large and broad, and the
1216:Sharks of the order Carcharhiniformes
7:
3172:735C87F1-8A4E-FFB6-9BF6-F9665EE18E43
3159:f9a2560e-16ac-4956-aff8-e247136f370b
972:originally evolved in Australia and
371:did not gain wide acceptance until
2037:Australian reticulate swellshark (
1881:Australian blackspotted catshark (
498:(Australian reticulate swellshark)
14:
954:in the northwestern Pacific, and
349:("dogfish"), in an 1862 issue of
2001:Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (
126:
960:along the western coast of the
286:sharks are found widely in the
2439:Indonesian speckled catshark (
990:continental and insular slopes
984:sharks, can be found from the
890:, though based on the rate of
1:
2388:Springer's sawtail catshark (
2211:Australian sawtail catshark (
1830:Australian marbled catshark (
1725:Australian spotted catshark (
920:waters, but not close to the
2073:Leopard-spotted swellshark (
553:Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis
3228:Taxa named by Theodore Gill
2370:Blacktip sawtail catshark (
2334:Broadfin sawtail catshark (
2316:Southern sawtail catshark (
2298:Longnose sawtail catshark (
2262:Atlantic sawtail catshark (
2220:Northern sawtail catshark (
1586:Black roughscale catshark (
844:, and these two genera and
796:(dwarf oriental swellshark)
485:Cephaloscyllium hiscosellum
3244:
2352:African sawtail catshark (
2289:Slender sawtail catshark (
2271:Longfin sawtail catshark (
2091:Sarawak pygmy swellshark (
1743:Western spotted catshark (
808:(New Caledonia swellshark)
705:Cephaloscyllium ventriosum
683:Cephaloscyllium variegatum
570:(Sarawak pygmy swellshark)
427:Cephaloscyllium albipinnum
1839:Eastern banded catshark (
1770:Orange spotted catshark (
1367:
1214:Compagno, L.J.V. (2003).
938:off southeastern Africa,
854:Scyliorhininae, the most
665:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
575:Cephaloscyllium signourum
503:Cephaloscyllium isabellum
471:Cephaloscyllium fasciatum
331:was proposed by American
315:, with females producing
241:
234:
123:Scientific classification
121:
110:
101:
23:
2877:Cinder cloudy catshark (
2841:Yellowspotted catshark (
2832:Small-spotted catshark (
2754:Narrowmouthed catshark (
2610:White-clasper catshark (
2379:Dwarf sawtail catshark (
2019:Reticulated swellshark (
1872:New Caledonia catshark (
1164:. Several species (e.g.
905:Distribution and habitat
901:(145.5–65.5 Mya).
651:Cephaloscyllium sufflans
633:Cephaloscyllium stevensi
517:Cephaloscyllium laticeps
480:(reticulated swellshark)
2895:Whitesaddled catshark (
2868:Brownspotted catshark (
2850:West African catshark (
2421:Blackspotted catshark (
2055:Australian swellshark (
1752:Pale spotted catshark (
1701:Panama ghost catshark (
1638:Spatulasnout catshark (
1604:Smalldorsal cat shark (
1190:Williams, G.S. (1999).
868:. The oldest confirmed
825:Phylogeny and evolution
772:(New Guinea swellshark)
748:(Philippine swellshark)
611:Cephaloscyllium speccum
526:(Australian swellshark)
112:Australian swellshark (
2163:Narrowbar swellshark (
1932:New Zealand catshark (
1821:Banded sand catshark (
1683:South China catshark (
1568:Broadmouth cat shark (
1009:
834:molecular phylogenetic
736:(narrowbar swellshark)
719:Cephaloscyllium zebrum
597:Cephaloscyllium silasi
531:Cephaloscyllium pictum
294:coastal waters of the
2772:Narrowtail catshark (
2763:Redspotted catshark (
2646:McMillan's catshark (
2307:Blackmouth catshark (
2136:Blotchy swell shark (
2118:Speckled swellshark (
2100:Flagtail swellshark (
2046:Draughtsboard shark (
1992:Whitefin swellshark (
1923:Broadhead cat shark (
1779:Variegated catshark (
1692:Spongehead catshark (
1498:Smallbelly catshark (
1108:Members of the genus
1003:
784:(dwarf balloon shark)
646:(Steven's swellshark)
628:(speckled swellshark)
592:(flagtail swellshark)
512:(draughtsboard shark)
449:Cephaloscyllium cooki
444:(whitefin swellshark)
247:A. H. A. Duméril 1853
2655:Blackgill catshark (
2601:White-tip catshark (
2568:White-spotted Izak (
2490:Puffadder shyshark (
2253:Roughtail catshark (
2145:Saddled swellshark (
2082:Painted swellshark (
2064:Spotted swellshark (
2028:Formosa swellshark (
1656:Broadgill catshark (
1647:Deepwater catshark (
1613:Largenose catshark (
1514:Broadnose catshark (
1480:Humpback cat shark (
1423:Flatnose cat shark (
1162:commercial fisheries
820:(Red Sea swellshark)
700:(saddled swellshark)
678:(blotchy swellshark)
548:(painted swellshark)
274:, commonly known as
2904:Blotched catshark (
2886:Freckled catshark (
2814:Polkadot catshark (
2673:Filetail catshark (
2628:Campeche catshark (
2412:Speckled catshark (
2343:Peppered catshark (
2244:Antilles catshark (
2187:Lollipop catshark (
2109:Indian swellshark (
2010:Cook's swellshark (
1950:Spotless catshark (
1734:Blotched catshark (
1665:Saldanha catshark (
1622:Smallfin catshark (
1595:Smalleye catshark (
1559:Flathead catshark (
1550:Longhead catshark (
1532:Longnose catshark (
1523:Japanese catshark (
1104:Biology and ecology
1049:are small. The two
1026:nictitating eyelids
606:(Indian swellshark)
466:(Cook's swellshark)
2790:Slender catshark (
2730:Leopard catshark (
2664:Salamander shark (
2361:Phallic catshark (
1941:Bristly catshark (
1905:Arabian catshark (
1541:Iceland catshark (
1489:Longfin catshark (
1464:Flaccid catshark (
1148:Human interactions
1010:
760:(tiger swellshark)
282:. These sluggish,
267:, and part of the
3205:
3204:
2970:Taxon identifiers
2961:
2960:
2940:Cloudy catshark (
2859:Comoro catshark (
2781:Lizard catshark (
2697:Onefin catshark (
2657:P. melanobranchus
2637:Velvet catshark (
2603:P. albimarginatus
2457:Quagga catshark (
1959:Sombre catshark (
1606:A. micropterygeus
1516:A. investigatoris
1403:Carcharhiniformes
944:off southwestern
866:Carcharhiniformes
819:
818:not yet described
807:
806:not yet described
795:
794:not yet described
783:
782:not yet described
771:
770:not yet described
759:
758:not yet described
747:
746:Not yet described
735:
713:
699:
677:
659:
645:
627:
605:
591:
569:
547:
525:
511:
497:
479:
465:
443:
252:
251:
243:Scyllium laticeps
230:
200:Carcharhiniformes
3235:
3198:
3197:
3185:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3161:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3048:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3025:
3024:
3012:
3011:
3010:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2965:
2949:Dwarf catshark (
2913:Chain catshark (
2745:Schroederichthys
2699:P. profundicolus
2630:P. campechiensis
2619:Beige catshark (
2541:Honeycomb Izak (
2508:Natal shyshark (
2499:Brown shyshark (
2466:Rusty catshark (
2448:Tiger catshark (
2430:Lined catshark (
2325:Mouse catshark (
2280:Gecko catshark (
2003:C. circulopullum
1914:Dusky catshark (
1848:Coral catshark (
1761:Dwarf catshark (
1640:A. platyrhynchus
1577:Ghost catshark (
1561:A. macrorhynchus
1552:A. longicephalus
1455:Hoary catshark (
1446:Brown catshark (
1352:
1345:
1338:
1329:
1323:
1312:
1303:
1288:
1282:
1275:
1254:
1240:
1227:
1212:
1195:
1188:
1070:dermal denticles
1024:and rudimentary
817:
805:
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
722:
708:
686:
668:
654:
636:
614:
600:
578:
556:
534:
522:A. H. A. Duméril
520:
506:
488:
474:
452:
430:
225:
131:
130:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3218:Cephaloscyllium
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3193:
3188:
3180:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3056:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3035:Cephaloscyllium
3033:
3028:
3022:Cephaloscyllium
3020:
3015:
3008:Cephaloscyllium
3006:
3005:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2978:Cephaloscyllium
2972:
2962:
2957:
2879:S. hachijoensis
2798:
2783:S. saurisqualus
2738:
2705:
2681:
2585:
2577:Izak catshark (
2561:H. melanostigma
2550:Grinning Izak (
2525:
2517:Dark shyshark (
2474:
2396:
2300:G. longirostris
2228:
2195:
2171:
2127:Balloon shark (
2093:C. sarawakensis
1983:Cephaloscyllium
1976:
1889:
1856:
1812:Bali catshark (
1796:
1788:Gulf catshark (
1781:A. submaculatus
1709:
1674:Pale catshark (
1407:
1363:
1356:
1326:
1313:
1306:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1257:
1244:Cephaloscyllium
1241:
1230:
1213:
1198:
1189:
1182:
1178:
1150:
1118:sharks and rays
1110:Cephaloscyllium
1106:
1074:Cephaloscyllium
1014:caudal peduncle
998:
986:intertidal zone
982:bottom-dwelling
978:Cephaloscyllium
970:Cephaloscyllium
910:Cephaloscyllium
907:
870:Cephaloscyllium
838:Cephaloscyllium
827:
813:Cephaloscyllium
801:Cephaloscyllium
789:Cephaloscyllium
777:Cephaloscyllium
765:Cephaloscyllium
753:Cephaloscyllium
741:Cephaloscyllium
660:(balloon shark)
419:
411:Cephaloscyllium
402:Cephaloscyllium
369:Cephaloscyllium
329:Cephaloscyllium
325:
284:bottom-dwelling
256:Cephaloscyllium
248:
245:
224:
221:Cephaloscyllium
125:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
32:Miocene–Present
31:
30:
27:
25:Cephaloscyllium
17:
16:Genus of sharks
12:
11:
5:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3186:
3176:
3163:
3153:
3140:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3075:
3062:
3049:
3039:
3026:
3013:
2998:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2931:Izu catshark (
2928:
2919:
2910:
2901:
2892:
2883:
2874:
2865:
2861:S. comoroensis
2856:
2847:
2838:
2829:
2823:Boa catshark (
2820:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:P. pantherinum
2727:
2721:Pyjama shark (
2717:
2715:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2670:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2532:Holohalaelurus
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2514:
2510:H. kistnasamyi
2505:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2481:Haploblepharus
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2336:G. nipponensis
2331:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2246:G. antillensis
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2133:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1968:Mud catshark (
1965:
1956:
1952:B. immaculatus
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1863:Aulohalaelurus
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1785:
1776:
1772:A. rubiginosus
1767:
1758:
1749:
1740:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1649:A. profundorum
1644:
1635:
1628:
1624:A. parvipinnis
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1588:A. melanoasper
1583:
1574:
1570:A. macrostomus
1565:
1556:
1547:
1543:A. laurussonii
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1391:Elasmobranchii
1387:
1385:Chondrichthyes
1381:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1304:
1283:
1255:
1228:
1196:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1149:
1146:
1105:
1102:
997:
994:
906:
903:
886:) deposits in
882:(23–5.3
826:
823:
822:
821:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:
715:
701:
679:
661:
647:
629:
607:
593:
571:
549:
527:
513:
499:
481:
467:
445:
418:
415:
324:
321:
300:Pacific Oceans
272:Scyliorhinidae
250:
249:
246:
239:
238:
232:
231:
217:
213:
212:
210:Scyliorhinidae
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
180:Elasmobranchii
177:
173:
172:
170:Chondrichthyes
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
119:
118:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3240:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2648:P. macmillani
2644:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2559:Crying Izak (
2557:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2450:H. natalensis
2446:
2444:
2442:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2318:G. mincaronei
2314:
2312:
2310:
2309:G. melastomus
2305:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2264:G. atlanticus
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2156:C. ventriosum
2152:
2150:
2148:
2147:C. variegatum
2143:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2075:C. pardelotum
2071:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2039:C. hicosellum
2035:
2033:
2031:
2030:C. formosanum
2026:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1994:C. albipinnum
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1850:A. marmoratus
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1803:Atelomycterus
1799:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1694:A. spongiceps
1690:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1508:A. internatus
1505:
1503:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1321:
1320:0-930118-18-9
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:9780192142412
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:1-930665-76-8
1221:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1170:C. ventriosum
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1097:C. ventriosum
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:pectoral fins
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1006:C. ventriosum
1004:Swellsharks (
1002:
995:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:
957:C. ventriosum
953:
952:
947:
943:
942:
937:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
904:
902:
900:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
878:
874:
871:
867:
864:
860:
857:
853:
849:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:Morphological
824:
816:
814:
810:
804:
802:
798:
792:
790:
786:
780:
778:
774:
768:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
744:
742:
738:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:
716:
711:
707:
706:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:
666:
662:
657:
653:
652:
648:
643:
642:J. E. Randall
639:
635:
634:
630:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:
608:
603:
599:
598:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
528:
523:
519:
518:
514:
509:
505:
504:
500:
495:
491:
487:
486:
482:
477:
476:W. L. Y. Chan
473:
472:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:
446:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:
424:
423:
422:
416:
414:
412:
408:
407:type material
403:
398:
396:
395:
390:
389:
388:C. ventriosum
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:Samuel Garman
370:
366:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:("head") and
344:
341:
337:
336:Theodore Gill
334:
333:ichthyologist
330:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
309:invertebrates
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
244:
240:
237:
233:
228:
223:
222:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:Selachimorpha
188:
186:Subdivision:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
129:
124:
120:
117:
115:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
3223:Shark genera
2977:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2924:S. stellaris
2923:
2922:Nursehound (
2914:
2905:
2897:S. hesperius
2896:
2888:S. haeckelii
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2852:S. cervigoni
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2805:Scyliorhinus
2803:
2791:
2782:
2774:S. maculatus
2773:
2765:S. chilensis
2764:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2723:P. africanum
2722:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2620:
2612:P. albipenis
2611:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2570:H. punctatus
2569:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2492:H. edwardsii
2491:
2479:
2467:
2458:
2449:
2441:H. maculosus
2440:
2431:
2422:
2414:H. boesemani
2413:
2401:
2390:G. springeri
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2345:G. piperatus
2344:
2335:
2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2213:F. boardmani
2212:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2155:
2154:Swellshark (
2146:
2138:C. umbratile
2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2102:C. signourum
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2066:C. maculatum
2065:
2056:
2048:C. isabellum
2047:
2038:
2029:
2021:C. fasciatum
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1916:B. canescens
1915:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1874:A. kanakorum
1873:
1861:
1849:
1841:A. marnkalha
1840:
1831:
1823:A. fasciatus
1822:
1814:A. baliensis
1813:
1801:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1714:
1702:
1693:
1684:
1675:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1525:A. japonicus
1524:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:A. herklotsi
1490:
1481:
1473:
1466:A. exsanguis
1465:
1456:
1447:
1439:
1432:
1424:
1412:
1395:Subdivision
1291:
1286:
1278:
1253:: 1–8.
1250:
1247:
1243:
1215:
1169:
1166:C. umbratile
1165:
1151:
1109:
1107:
1096:
1091:C. umbratile
1090:
1084:
1079:C. fasciatum
1078:
1073:
1040:
1034:
1011:
1005:
977:
969:
956:
951:C. umbratile
950:
940:
934:
909:
908:
869:
845:
842:Scyliorhinus
841:
837:
828:
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
740:
717:
714:(swellshark)
703:
681:
670:D. S. Jordan
663:
649:
631:
609:
595:
573:
551:
529:
515:
501:
483:
469:
447:
425:
420:
410:
401:
399:
394:C. umbratile
392:
386:
382:C. isabellum
380:
376:
368:
364:Scyliorhinus
362:
354:
350:
346:
342:
328:
326:
317:egg capsules
275:
255:
254:
253:
242:
236:Type species
220:
219:
113:
24:
18:
3105:iNaturalist
3002:Wikispecies
2942:S. torazame
2843:S. capensis
2834:S. canicula
2816:S. besnardi
2675:P. xaniurus
2552:H. grennian
2432:H. lineatus
2423:H. buergeri
2381:G. schultzi
2291:G. gracilis
2282:G. eastmani
2273:G. cadenati
2222:F. striatus
2189:C. cephalus
2129:C. sufflans
2057:C. laticeps
1970:B. lutarius
1943:B. hispidus
1907:B. alcockii
1896:Bythaelurus
1883:A. labiosus
1832:A. macleayi
1790:A. vincenti
1754:A. pallidus
1745:A. occiduus
1736:A. funebris
1703:A. stenseni
1685:A. sinensis
1667:A. saldanha
1482:A. gibbosus
1474:A. fedorovi
1448:A. brunneus
1440:A. aphyodes
1433:A. albisoma
1425:A. acanutus
1192:Neoselachii
1126:crustaceans
1122:bony fishes
1051:dorsal fins
1047:pelvic fins
996:Description
935:C. sufflans
732:W. T. White
696:W. T. White
624:W. T. White
588:W. T. White
544:W. T. White
490:W. T. White
462:W. T. White
440:W. T. White
304:dorsal fins
276:swellsharks
114:C. laticeps
3212:Categories
2933:S. tokubee
2915:S. retifer
2870:S. garmani
2688:Pentanchus
2666:P. pilosus
2639:P. lanatus
2592:Parmaturus
2403:Halaelurus
2372:G. sauteri
2363:G. priapus
2327:G. murinus
2178:Cephalurus
2120:C. speccum
1961:B. incanus
1934:B. dawsoni
1676:A. sibogae
1632:A. pinguis
1615:A. nasutus
1597:A. microps
1500:A. indicus
1457:A. canutus
1414:Apristurus
1176:References
1063:caudal fin
1055:pelvic fin
974:New Guinea
966:hypothesis
896:Cretaceous
888:California
875:come from
508:Bonnaterre
327:The genus
311:, and are
227:T. N. Gill
176:Subclass:
2951:S. torrei
2792:S. tenuis
2756:S. bivius
2712:Poroderma
2579:H. regani
2519:H. pictus
2501:H. fuscus
2468:H. sellus
2459:H. quagga
2165:C. zebrum
2111:C. silasi
2084:C. pictum
1925:B. clevai
1763:A. parvus
1727:A. analis
1716:Asymbolus
1658:A. riveri
1534:A. kampae
1389:Subclass
1158:artisanal
1134:oviparous
1085:C. silasi
1067:calcified
1035:C. silasi
980:species,
941:C. silasi
926:Australia
914:temperate
852:subfamily
850:form the
847:Poroderma
338:from the
313:oviparous
292:temperate
280:predators
265:catsharks
146:Kingdom:
140:Eukaryota
3084:46559886
3042:BioLib:
2993:Q2510308
2987:Wikidata
2906:S. meadi
2621:P. bigus
2543:H. favus
2354:G. polli
2012:C. cooki
1579:A. manis
1397:Selachii
1379:Chordata
1373:Animalia
1371:Kingdom
1360:catshark
1142:capsules
1130:molluscs
1059:anal fin
1030:spiracle
1018:nostrils
962:Americas
918:tropical
638:E. Clark
562:A. Ahmad
558:Ka. Yano
436:Motomura
355:Scyllium
323:Taxonomy
288:tropical
206:Family:
160:Chordata
156:Phylum:
150:Animalia
136:Domain:
3123:1057963
3097:2418612
2255:G. arae
1377:Phylum
1362:species
1358:Extant
1248:Zootaxa
1154:bycatch
1138:oviduct
968:states
930:endemic
922:equator
877:Miocene
873:fossils
861:of the
566:Gambang
417:Species
359:synonym
347:skylion
343:kephale
216:Genus:
196:Order:
166:Class:
3195:204168
3182:115230
3179:uBio:
3156:NZOR:
3149:232418
3136:160088
2825:S. boa
2235:Galeus
2202:Figaro
1401:Order
1383:Class
1318:
1298:
1222:
1128:, and
1022:pupils
964:. One
899:period
840:to be
734:, 2008
730:&
712:, 1880
710:Garman
698:, 2008
694:&
676:, 1903
674:Fowler
672:&
658:, 1921
644:, 2011
640:&
626:, 2008
622:&
604:, 1974
602:Talwar
590:, 2008
586:&
568:, 2005
564:&
546:, 2008
542:&
524:, 1853
510:, 1788
496:, 2008
492:&
478:, 1966
464:, 2008
460:&
442:, 2008
438:&
391:, and
296:Indian
269:family
229:, 1862
3190:WoRMS
3167:Plazi
3118:IRMNG
3110:59224
3071:62JW4
3045:15302
946:India
880:epoch
863:order
859:clade
856:basal
743:sp. 1
728:SĂ©ret
692:SĂ©ret
656:Regan
620:SĂ©ret
584:SĂ©ret
540:SĂ©ret
494:Ebert
458:SĂ©ret
340:Greek
261:genus
259:is a
3144:NCBI
3131:ITIS
3092:GBIF
3058:2980
3053:BOLD
1316:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1251:1872
1220:ISBN
1168:and
1160:and
1094:and
1082:and
1041:The
916:and
832:and
724:Last
688:Last
616:Last
580:Last
536:Last
454:Last
432:Last
298:and
290:and
37:Preęž’
3079:EoL
3066:CoL
3030:AFD
3017:ADW
1156:in
1114:eel
892:DNA
884:Mya
815:sp.
803:sp.
791:sp.
779:sp.
767:sp.
755:sp.
367:).
361:of
357:(a
263:of
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3133::
3120::
3107::
3094::
3081::
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3055::
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1307:^
1258:^
1231:^
1199:^
1183:^
1124:,
1120:,
992:.
948:,
726:,
690:,
618:,
582:,
560:,
538:,
456:,
434:,
397:.
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87:Pg
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1322:.
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116:)
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:ęž’
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