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Ceramic knife

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knives, ceramic knives are suitable for slicing boneless meat, vegetables, fruit and bread. Since ceramics are brittle, blades may break if dropped on a hard surface, although improved manufacturing processes have reduced this risk. They are also unsuitable for chopping through hard foods such as bones or frozen foods, and for applications which require prying, which may cause breaking or chipping. Several brands offer either a black-coloured or a designed blade made through an additional
253: 184: 223:% yttrium oxide yielding partially stabilized zirconia. This material consists of a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases with a bending strength of nearly 1,200 MPa (170,000 psi). Small cracks allow phase transformations to occur, which essentially close the cracks and prevent catastrophic failure, resulting in a relatively tough ceramic material, sometimes known as TTZ (transformation-toughened zirconia). 1923: 232: 25: 122: 459: 239:
Ceramic knives are substantially harder than steel knives, will not corrode in harsh environments, are non-magnetic, and do not conduct electricity at room temperature. Because of their resistance to strong acid and caustic substances, and their ability to retain a cutting edge longer than steel
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Unlike a steel blade that benefits from regular honing and resharpening in order to keep a sharp edge, a much harder ceramic blade will stay sharp and retain its cutting edge for much longer—at least ten times longer according to tests on a particular knife. However, the hardness of the ceramic
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material also makes it difficult to resharpen. Consequently, although a ceramic knife does not need regular sharpening in the same way as steel, when its blade eventually becomes blunt or chips specialized sharpening services are required for the ceramic edge.
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According to the Cutlery and Allied Trades Research Association (CATRA), an independent testing organization, recent tests show that the life of a Kyocera ceramic blade without resharpening is approximately 10 times that of a typical steel
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are used in manufacturing the knife material to stabilize the high-temperature phases and minimize this volume change. The highest strength and toughness is produced by the addition of 3 
149:; also known as zirconia), rather than the steel used for most knives. Ceramic knife blades are usually produced through the dry-pressing and firing of powdered zirconia using solid-state 277: 1903: 207:
in form. Cooling to the monoclinic phase after sintering causes a large volume change, which often causes stress fractures in pure zirconia. Additives such as
383: 165:, subject to chipping, and will break rather than flex if twisted. The ceramic blade is sharpened by grinding the edges with a diamond-dust-coated 1169: 439: 412: 326: 1367: 805: 108: 1694: 491: 192: 1563: 1304: 161:. The resultant blade has a hard edge that stays sharp for much longer than conventional steel blades. However, the blade is 154: 46: 42: 1465: 89: 351: 1822: 705: 61: 1956: 1898: 1882: 1872: 1435: 281: 68: 1961: 1603: 178: 35: 1405: 858: 463: 200: 196: 1764: 1430: 75: 1741: 1523: 520: 278:"Frequently Asked Questions | Ceramic Advantage | Ceramic Knives | Kyocera Advanced Ceramics" 1724: 1588: 1450: 1141: 639: 376: 241: 57: 1736: 1709: 1618: 1490: 1908: 674: 1656: 1460: 908: 484: 204: 1628: 1480: 1395: 1309: 725: 604: 664: 1779: 1440: 1174: 948: 332: 654: 649: 252: 1699: 775: 679: 435: 408: 402: 322: 306: 142: 429: 1930: 1802: 1729: 1593: 1540: 1535: 1083: 599: 314: 790: 644: 82: 1951: 1926: 1877: 1867: 1832: 1797: 1774: 1714: 1317: 1269: 720: 715: 515: 477: 208: 183: 1530: 579: 1857: 1787: 1669: 1578: 1553: 1498: 1485: 1455: 1377: 1279: 1249: 1204: 1098: 1078: 1068: 953: 898: 888: 810: 614: 589: 166: 1945: 1847: 1769: 1759: 1674: 1608: 1508: 1400: 1387: 1372: 1342: 1337: 1126: 1118: 1053: 1048: 943: 933: 903: 878: 845: 835: 825: 780: 559: 530: 336: 220: 216: 212: 1817: 1751: 1646: 1445: 1103: 1093: 1043: 938: 830: 795: 770: 634: 619: 594: 574: 564: 544: 231: 318: 1852: 1842: 1679: 1651: 1583: 1425: 1332: 1239: 1214: 1088: 1073: 1038: 988: 978: 963: 750: 629: 554: 535: 162: 24: 157:, compared to 4.5 for normal steel and 7.5 to 8 for hardened steel and 10 for 1862: 1837: 1812: 1807: 1792: 1719: 1689: 1684: 1573: 1558: 1264: 1224: 1033: 1013: 928: 918: 913: 850: 840: 800: 765: 755: 745: 740: 307:"22.1 Ceramic Knife, Grater, Slicer and Scissors (first commercialised 1984)" 1827: 1470: 1415: 1209: 1184: 1063: 968: 684: 669: 609: 150: 458: 187:
A ceramic knife made from blackened zirconia, super heated under pressure.
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Wolfgang Puck Makes It Easy: Delicious Recipes for Your Home Kitchen
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A diamond dust sharpener with cradle for a ceramic knife.
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Knives Cooks Love: Selection. Care. Techniques. Recipes
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Knife with a blade made out of non-metallic material
1891: 1750: 1386: 1155: 695: 529: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1904:Cutlery and Allied Trades Research Association 485: 305:The Ceramic Society of Japan (31 July 2012). 8: 311:Advanced Ceramic Technologies & Products 434:. Andrews McMeel Publishing. pp. 12–. 428:Sur La Table; Sarah Jay (21 October 2008). 300: 298: 191:Zirconium oxide is used due to the fact it 492: 478: 470: 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 153:. The blades typically score 8.5 on the 120: 269: 352:"At the cutting edge: ceramic knives" 7: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 1170:Applegate–Fairbairn fighting knife 14: 1695:W. R. Case & Sons Cutlery Co. 386:from the original on 2015-10-13. 244:step, which increases toughness. 193:exists in several different forms 1922: 1921: 457: 407:. Thomas Nelson. pp. 269–. 23: 1466:Columbia River Knife & Tool 34:needs additional citations for 1564:Korin Japanese Trading Company 806:Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife 401:Wolfgang Puck (8 April 2007). 309:. In Yoshihiko Imanaka (ed.). 155:Mohs scale of mineral hardness 1: 706:Aircrew Survival Egress Knife 319:10.1007/978-4-431-54108-0_22 1899:American Bladesmith Society 1436:Cattaraugus Cutlery Company 1368:U.S. Marine Raider stiletto 350:Wilson, Bee (22 Jun 2012). 248:Sharpening and general care 1978: 179:Yttria-stabilized zirconia 176: 141:blade typically made from 1917: 1406:American Tomahawk Company 511: 235:Special ceramic jackknife 1431:Camillus Cutlery Company 1742:Zwilling J. A. Henckels 1524:Gerber Legendary Blades 640:Japanese kitchen knives 521:List of blade materials 1725:Yoshida Metal Industry 1589:Medford Knife and Tool 1451:Clauss Cutlery Company 1314:Microtech Jagdkommando 1142:Yarara Parachute Knife 257: 242:hot isostatic pressing 236: 188: 126: 1737:Zero Tolerance Knives 1710:Western Knife Company 1619:Ontario Knife Company 1491:Ek Commando Knife Co. 255: 234: 186: 124: 1657:SOG Specialty Knives 466:at Wikimedia Commons 43:improve this article 1957:Ceramic engineering 1629:Randall Made Knives 1481:Dalian Hanwei Metal 1396:Aitor Knife Company 1310:Mark I trench knife 1123:Verlängerungsmesser 726:Ballpoint pen knife 195:. Zirconium can be 1909:Knifemakers' Guild 1780:John Nelson Cooper 1441:Chris Reeve Knives 1175:Arkansas toothpick 949:Pantographic knife 716:Balisong/Butterfly 258: 237: 189: 127: 1962:Zirconium dioxide 1939: 1938: 1700:Carl Walther GmbH 462:Media related to 441:978-0-7407-7002-9 414:978-1-4185-7093-4 377:"Kyocera catalog" 328:978-4-431-53913-1 143:zirconium dioxide 119: 118: 111: 93: 1969: 1925: 1924: 1823:William F. Moran 1803:Phill Hartsfield 1594:Microtech Knives 1541:Imperial Schrade 1536:Glock Ges.m.b.H. 1084:Swiss Army knife 600:Grapefruit knife 494: 487: 480: 471: 461: 446: 445: 425: 419: 418: 398: 392: 391: 382:. 6 April 2012. 381: 373: 367: 366: 364: 362: 347: 341: 340: 302: 293: 292: 290: 289: 280:. Archived from 274: 125:A ceramic knife. 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1927:Category:Knives 1913: 1887: 1878:Buster Warenski 1868:Robert Terzuola 1833:Ralph Osterhout 1798:Bill Harsey Jr. 1775:Blackie Collins 1746: 1715:Wilkinson Sword 1382: 1318:Parrying dagger 1305:Liaoning dagger 1151: 691: 675:Unagisaki hōchō 534: 525: 516:List of daggers 507: 498: 454: 449: 442: 427: 426: 422: 415: 400: 399: 395: 379: 375: 374: 370: 360: 358: 349: 348: 344: 329: 304: 303: 296: 287: 285: 276: 275: 271: 267: 250: 229: 181: 175: 173:Zirconium oxide 148: 115: 104: 98: 95: 58:"Ceramic knife" 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1975: 1973: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1944: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1934: 1933: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1886: 1885: 1883:Daniel Winkler 1880: 1875: 1873:Michael Walker 1870: 1865: 1860: 1858:William Scagel 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1788:Ernest Emerson 1785: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1756: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1733: 1732: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1670:Strider Knives 1667: 1664: 1659: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1633:Ranz Cuchillos 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1579:Mad Dog Knives 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1554:Kershaw Knives 1551: 1546: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1501: 1499:Emerson Knives 1496: 1493: 1488: 1486:Dexter-Russell 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1456:Cobray Company 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1392: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1250:Hunting dagger 1247: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1205:Bollock dagger 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1161: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1099:Throwing knife 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1079:Survival knife 1076: 1071: 1069:Straight razor 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 889:Laguiole knife 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 859:Jacob's ladder 856: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 811:Gerber Mark II 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 713: 708: 702: 700: 693: 692: 690: 689: 688: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 615:Parmesan knife 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 590:Electric knife 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 541: 539: 527: 526: 524: 523: 518: 512: 509: 508: 499: 497: 496: 489: 482: 474: 468: 467: 464:Ceramic knives 453: 452:External links 450: 448: 447: 440: 420: 413: 393: 368: 342: 327: 294: 268: 266: 263: 249: 246: 228: 225: 174: 171: 167:grinding wheel 146: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1974: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1932: 1928: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1848:A. G. Russell 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784:Jack W. Crain 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1770:Tom Brown Jr. 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1760:Rex Applegate 1758: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1675:Thiers Issard 1673: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1609:Murphy Knives 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1401:Al Mar Knives 1399: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1388:Manufacturers 1385: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1338:Rondel dagger 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1127:Warrior knife 1125: 1122: 1120: 1119:Utility knife 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1054:Sliding knife 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 944:Palette knife 942: 940: 937: 935: 934:Nontron knife 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 904:Marking knife 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 879:Kitchen knife 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 846:Hunting knife 844: 842: 839: 837: 836:Hacking knife 834: 832: 829: 827: 826:Gravity knife 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 761:Ceramic knife 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 703: 701: 699: 694: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 673: 671: 668: 666: 665:Sashimi bōchō 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 642: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 560:Butcher knife 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 542: 540: 537: 532: 528: 522: 519: 517: 514: 513: 510: 506: 502: 495: 490: 488: 483: 481: 476: 475: 472: 465: 460: 456: 455: 451: 443: 437: 433: 432: 424: 421: 416: 410: 406: 405: 397: 394: 390: 385: 378: 372: 369: 357: 356:The Telegraph 353: 346: 343: 338: 334: 330: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 301: 299: 295: 284:on 2015-12-10 283: 279: 273: 270: 264: 262: 254: 247: 245: 243: 233: 226: 224: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 185: 180: 172: 170: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 144: 140: 136: 132: 131:ceramic knife 123: 113: 110: 102: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: –  59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 1892:Associations 1818:Bob Loveless 1647:Shun Cutlery 1531:Füritechnics 1446:Chroma Cnife 1104:Trench knife 1094:Taping knife 1044:Sheath knife 939:Opinel knife 855:Ivan's Knife 796:Diving knife 771:Combat knife 760: 655:Nakiri bōchō 650:Maguro bōchō 635:Tomato knife 620:Pizza cutter 595:Fillet knife 580:Chef's knife 575:Cheese knife 565:Butter knife 430: 423: 403: 396: 387: 371: 359:. Retrieved 355: 345: 310: 286:. Retrieved 282:the original 272: 259: 238: 190: 130: 128: 105: 99:January 2016 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 1853:Jody Samson 1843:Chris Reeve 1765:James Black 1752:Knifemakers 1680:TOPS Knives 1652:Slice, Inc. 1584:Marble Arms 1426:Buck Knives 1378:Yoroi-dōshi 1333:Push dagger 1240:French Nail 1089:Switchblade 1074:Strider SMF 1039:Sharpfinger 989:Putty knife 979:Pocketknife 964:Penny knife 909:Misericorde 680:Usuba bōchō 630:Steak knife 555:Bread knife 1946:Categories 1863:Mike Snody 1838:Bo Randall 1813:Jimmy Lile 1808:Gil Hibben 1793:Jerry Fisk 1690:Victorinox 1685:Tramontina 1666:STI Knives 1574:Leatherman 1559:KitchenAid 1509:Fällkniven 1461:Cold Steel 1265:Kabutowari 1225:Ear dagger 1034:Sgian dubh 1014:Sami knife 929:Neck knife 919:Multi-tool 914:Mora knife 851:Husa knife 841:Higonokami 801:Drop point 791:Deba bōchō 766:Clip point 756:Cane knife 746:Boot knife 645:Deba bōchō 288:2015-12-20 265:References 227:Properties 201:tetragonal 197:monoclinic 177:See also: 69:newspapers 1828:Ken Onion 1471:Cuisinart 1416:Benchmade 1210:Cinquedea 1185:Bagh nakh 1064:SOG Knife 969:Pesh-kabz 776:Commander 721:Ballistic 685:Yanagi ba 670:Udon kiri 610:Mezzaluna 337:136842009 151:sintering 1662:Spyderco 1642:Sabatier 1411:Aritsugu 1358:Stiletto 1323:Poignard 1285:Khanjali 1195:Baselard 1059:Smatchet 1009:Sabatier 959:Penknife 864:Karambit 384:Archived 209:magnesia 1931:Daggers 1720:Wüsthof 1599:Morseth 1569:Kyocera 1519:Fiskars 1504:F. Dick 1290:Khanjar 1255:Jambiya 1200:Bichuwa 1190:Balarao 1165:Anelace 1157:Daggers 1147:Yatagan 1024:Scalpel 1004:Resolza 999:Rampuri 894:Machete 731:Bayonet 660:Santoku 585:Cleaver 531:Kitchen 505:daggers 361:27 July 163:brittle 159:diamond 139:ceramic 137:with a 83:scholar 1952:Knives 1730:Global 1705:Wenger 1624:Opinel 1549:Ka-Bar 1545:Ivan's 1270:Kaiken 1245:Gunong 1230:Emeici 1137:X-Acto 1132:Wedung 994:Puukko 984:Phurba 954:Parang 924:Navaja 899:Mandau 874:Kirpan 736:Boline 711:Athame 698:knives 696:Other 625:Splayd 570:Caidao 545:Boning 538:knives 501:Knives 438:  411:  389:blade. 335:  325:  217:yttria 213:calcia 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  1637:Rösle 1604:Muela 1514:FAMAE 1476:Cutco 1421:Böker 1363:Tantō 1348:Shobo 1328:Pugio 1300:Kunai 1280:Katar 1275:Kalis 1235:Facón 1180:BC-41 974:Pirah 884:Kukri 821:Golok 816:Ginsu 786:CQC-6 781:Corvo 751:Bowie 536:table 380:(PDF) 333:S2CID 205:cubic 135:knife 133:is a 90:JSTOR 76:books 1614:OLFA 1373:V-42 1353:Sica 1343:Seme 1295:Kris 1260:Jile 1220:Dirk 1109:Tumi 1049:Shiv 1029:Seax 1019:SARK 869:Kard 831:Guna 741:Bolo 605:Lame 550:Boti 503:and 436:ISBN 409:ISBN 363:2016 323:ISBN 215:and 145:(ZrO 62:news 1495:EKA 1215:Dha 1114:Ulu 533:and 315:doi 221:mol 203:or 45:by 1948:: 1929:/ 354:. 331:. 321:. 297:^ 211:, 199:, 169:. 129:A 493:e 486:t 479:v 444:. 417:. 365:. 339:. 317:: 291:. 147:2 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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knife
ceramic
zirconium dioxide
sintering
Mohs scale of mineral hardness
diamond
brittle
grinding wheel
Yttria-stabilized zirconia

exists in several different forms
monoclinic
tetragonal
cubic
magnesia
calcia
yttria
mol

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