63:
33:
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invasion of the Great Lakes occurred after the United States passed a regulation requiring ships exchange freshwater ballast water with ocean water to kill off potential invaders. This means that either the resting eggs remain viable even after boats switch out their ballast water in the ocean or the
376:’s wide tolerance levels and ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually makes it a very successful invader. Asexual reproduction allows for rapid population growth, and then resting eggs which are produced sexually can stick to boats and fishing gear and dispersed into new bodies of water.
321:, being able to tolerate a wide range of temperature and salinity. It is a pelagic species, found in a higher abundance further from the shore and from the bottom. It is a generalist feeder which preys on various species in both micro- and mesozooplankton (i.e.
588:
Rivier I. K 1998. The predatory
Cladocera (Onychopoda: Podonidae, Polyphemidae, Cercopagidae) and Leptodorida of the World. Guides to the Identification of the Micro-Invertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World, Backhuys Publishing, Leiden 13: 213
578:
Pichlová-PtáčnĂková, R., & Vanderploeg, H. A. (2009). The invasive cladoceran
Cercopagis pengoi is a generalist predator capable of feeding on a variety of prey species of different sizes and escape abilities. Archiv FĂĽr Hydrobiologie,173(4), 267-279.
436:
spread can be limited by only releasing bait or bait water into the water body where the bait was originally collected. Boat owners should wash their boats and equipment with high pressure and hot water (above 40 °C) to limit the spread of adult
407:
have a long spine which deters planktivorous fish from consuming them. These factors cause disruption in the lower trophic levels of the Great Lakes food web which can eventually trickle up the food chain to cause problems with fish stock through a
333:). The size of prey ranges from its own body size to seventeen times smaller. Prey is captured using thoracopods I, then retained by thoracopods II-IV, and crushed by its cuticle by mandibles, finally C. pengoi sucks the prey body contents.
622:
Antsulevich, A., & Välipakka, P. (2000). Cercopagis pengoi — New
Important Food Object of the Baltic Herring in the Gulf of Finland. International Review of Hydrobiology,85, 609-619. doi:10.1002/1522-2632(200011)85:5/63.3.co;2-j
371:
of New York (Canandaigua, Cayuga, Keuka, Cross, Otisco, Owasco, and Seneca lakes, and the NYCDEP Pepacton
Reservoir (2024). The species is transported in the live wells, bait water, and ropes of recreational fishing and boating.
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258:
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that can over-winter and repopulate the lake quickly in the spring. Resting eggs can withstand desiccation (extreme dryness), freeze-drying, and ingestion by fish.
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278:
and smaller fishes. On the other hand, it has provided a new food source for planktivorous fishes. It is also a nuisance to fisheries as it tends to clog
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768:
424:. Containing the spread to new areas is the only form of management. Stricter ballast water regulations and awareness would prevent the spread. The
833:
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Ricciardi, A., and H. J. MacIsaac. 2000. Recent mass invasion of the North
American Great Lakes by Ponto-Caspian species . TREE vol. 15, no. 2
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body is 1–3 mm, but with the tail included they range from 6–13 mm. The size varies with location, the largest are found in the
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302:(average size 1.4 mm). The English name refers to the three pairs of barbs and a characteristic loop at the end of the tail.
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781:
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U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA). 2008. EPA Monitoring Data. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office. Available
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Crosier, D. M., and D. P.Molloy. UNDATED. Cercopagis pengoi - Fishhook
Waterflea. Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program.
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441:. Alternatively boats and equipment should be allowed to dry for at least five days before moving to another body of water.
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367:. It has been documented in Lake Ontario (1998), Lake Erie (2002), Lake Huron (2002), Lake Michigan (1999), the
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to the Great Lakes of North
America and a number of adjacent lakes, and has become a pest classified among
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during the summer, which produces a quick rise in population. When conditions are inhospitable,
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Global
Invasive Species Database (2018) Species profile: Cercopagis pengoi. Downloaded from
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541:: U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL,
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to some freshwater waterways and reservoirs of
Eastern Europe and to the brackish
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Benson, A., E. Maynard, D. Raikow, J. Larson, T.H. Makled, and A. Fusaro,2018,
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http://www.epa.gov/grtlakes/monitoring/biology/exotics/cercopagis.html
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There is no known method of eradication or control for invasive
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https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=163
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required ballast water regulations are not being followed.
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395:directly competes with native zooplanktivores like
545:, Revision Date: 6/4/2013, Access Date: 3/28/2018
391:, implying that it has become a new food source.
298:(average body size 2.0 mm) and smallest in
567:http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=118
517:. NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet.
237:that is native in the brackish fringes of the
8:
344:will undergo sexual reproduction, producing
259:the 100 worst invasive species of the world
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271:cladoceran and thus a competitor to other
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20:
492:100 of the World's Worst Invasive Species
983:Invasive animal species in North America
245:. In recent decades it has spread as an
968:Freshwater crustaceans of North America
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467:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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379:In the Baltic and in the Great Lakes,
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761:5bfda5e9-5890-458c-9b07-abc1eaa6c2cd
579:doi:10.1127/1863-9135/2009/0173-0267
16:Species of small freshwater animal
14:
973:Freshwater crustaceans of Europe
61:
363:in ship ballast water from the
253:. Further it was introduced in
336:Fishhook waterfleas reproduce
1:
978:Crustaceans described in 1891
359:was brought to the American
209:Cercopagis (Apagis) ossiani
44:(above, total length 10 mm)
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205:
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183:
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58:Scientific classification
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39:
30:
23:
513:October 9, 2010, at the
387:are reported to prey on
193:(Ostroumov, 1891)
49:Bythotrephes longimanus
504:Birnbaum, C. (2006):
756:Fauna Europaea (new)
494:. November 28, 2006.
416:Control strategies
282:and fishing gear.
227:, is a species of
225:fishhook waterflea
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909:Open Tree of Life
682:Cercopagis pengoi
652:Cercopagis pengoi
644:Taxon identifiers
539:Cercopagis pengoi
507:Cercopagis pengoi
486:Cercopagis pengoi
461:Cercopagis pengoi
422:Cercopagis pengoi
357:Cercopagis pengoi
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121:Superorder:
105:Branchiopoda
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922:SeaLifeBase
857:NatureServe
795:iNaturalist
676:Wikispecies
361:Great Lakes
323:cladocerans
315:eurythermal
286:Description
243:Caspian Sea
235:crustaceans
125:Diplostraca
957:Categories
445:References
319:euryhaline
296:Baltic Sea
251:Baltic Sea
232:cladoceran
229:planktonic
156:Cercopagis
135:Onychopoda
115:Phyllopoda
111:Subclass:
95:Arthropoda
963:Cladocera
439:C. pengoi
434:C. pengoi
426:C. pengoi
405:C. pengoi
393:C. pengoi
389:C. pengoi
383:fish and
374:C. pengoi
365:Black Sea
342:C. pengoi
338:asexually
269:predatory
239:Black Sea
223:, or the
163:Species:
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
862:2.789874
813:11217973
667:Q2709805
661:Wikidata
511:Archived
432:Locally
331:rotifers
327:copepods
241:and the
200:Synonyms
141:Family:
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
52:(below)
774:2234642
709:1041342
397:alewife
306:Ecology
151:Genus:
131:Order:
101:Class:
940:234025
914:613791
901:234025
888:141397
839:684625
800:199401
748:237247
735:257992
722:CCPGPE
385:mysids
935:WoRMS
927:84321
846:NAS:
826:89859
808:IRMNG
730:EUNIS
696:19389
267:is a
896:OBIS
883:NCBI
834:ITIS
782:GISD
769:GBIF
717:EPPO
691:BOLD
399:and
317:and
280:nets
46:and
870:NBN
849:163
821:ISC
787:118
704:EoL
589:pp.
313:is
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