53:
81:
206:, particularly microhemorrhages. The accumulation of amyloid beta peptide deposits in the blood vessel walls results in damage of the blood vessels and hindrance of normal blood flow, making blood vessels more prone to bleeding Since CAA can be caused by the same amyloid protein that is associated with Alzheimer's dementia, brain bleeds are more common in people who have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. However, they can also occur in those who have no history of
304:
2735:
218:). The location of the cerebral microbleed determines whether it is more likely to have been caused by hypertension or CAA. Tsai et al. conducted amyloid PET imaging in an Asian population with cerebral amyloid angiopathy–intracerebral hemorrhage and noticed that superficial cerebellar microbleeds are related to CAA, whereas deep or mixed-location cerebellar microbleeds are more likely related to hypertension.
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1633:
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227:
286:(PS) 1 and PS2 genes can result in increased rates of cleavage of the APP into Aβ. An immune mechanism has also been proposed. apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 and ε4 are associated with increased risk of getting cerebral amyloid antipathy. The use of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy increases the risk of getting intracerebral haemorrhage in CAA.
294:
The vascular amyloid pathology characteristic of CAA can be classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, the latter type being the more common. Type 1 CAA pathology entails detectable amyloid deposits within cortical capillaries as well as within the leptomeningeal and cortical arteries and arterioles. In
250:
The reason for increased deposition of Aβ in sporadic CAA is still unclear with both increased production of the peptide and abnormal clearance having been proposed as potential causes. Under normal physiology Aβ is cleared from the brain by four pathways: (1)
1550:
307:
MRI showing low signal foci in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Conventional gradient echo T2*-weighted image (left, TE=20ms), susceptibility weighted image (SWI) and SWI phase image (center and right, respectively, TE=40ms) at 1.5
295:
type 2 CAA pathology, amyloid deposits are present in leptomeningeal and cortical arteries and arterioles, but not in capillaries. Deposits in veins or venules are possible in either type but are far less prevalent.
234:
CAA has been identified as occurring either sporadically (generally in elderly populations) or in familial forms such as
Flemish, Iowa, and Dutch types. In all cases, it is defined by the deposition of
403:
in 1909. The first paper focusing solely on what would come to be known as CAA was published in 1938 by WZ Scholz. In 1979, H. Okazaki published a paper implicating CAA in certain cases of lobar
324:
are used to determine probable CAA cases from MRI or CT scan data. The Boston
Criteria require evidence of multiple lobar or cortical hemorrhages to label a patient as probably having CAA.
210:. The bleeding within the brain is usually confined to a particular lobe and this is slightly different compared to brain bleeds which occur as a consequence of high blood pressure (
561:
1424:
Charidimou, Andreas; Boulouis, Gregoire; Gurol, M. Edip; Ayata, Cenk; Bacskai, Brian J.; Frosch, Matthew P.; Viswanathan, Anand; Greenberg, Steven M. (1 July 2017).
186:
The "British type" and "Danish type" are associated with
British amyloid (ABri) and Danish amyloid (ADan) respectively. Both peptides are linked to mutations in
1801:
534:
Newfoundland, FRCP William Pryse-Phillips MD, FRCP(C) Faculty of
Medicine Health Sciences Centre Memorial University of Newfoundland St John's (2009-05-06).
865:
Tsai, Hsin-Hsi; Pasi, Marco; Tsai, Li-Kai; Chen, Ya-Fang; Chen, Yu-Wei; Tang, Sung-Chun; Gurol, M. Edip; Yen, Ruoh-Fang; Jeng, Jiann-Shing (January 2020).
2264:
2605:
176:
2204:
1679:
2504:
1786:
2640:
1982:
1408:
1104:
278:
In familial forms of CAA, the cause of Aβ build up is likely due to increased production rather than poor clearance. Mutations in the
247:
vessel walls. CAA occurring in the
Flemish type has been observed to be linked to large dense-core plaques observed in this pedigree.
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Revesz, Tamas; Holton, Janice L.; Lashley, Tammaryn; Plant, Gordon; Rostagno, Agueda; Ghiso, Jorge; Frangione, Blas (July 2002).
340:
intracerebral hemorrhage or microbleeds in the brain. The bleeding usually occurs on the surfaces of the brain in contrast with
275:
or (4) drained along periarterial spaces. Abnormalities in each of these identified clearance pathways have been linked to CAA.
364:
325:
2630:
2064:
387:
The aim in cerebral amyloid angiopathy is to treat the symptoms, as there is no current cure. Physical, occupational and/or
430:"Severe cerebral congophilic angiopathy coincident with increased brain aluminium in a resident of Camelford, Cornwall, UK"
1888:
2610:
1796:
1218:
Thal, Dietmar
Rudolph; Ghebremidhin, Estifanos; Rüb, Udo; Haruyasu, Yamaguchi; Del Tredici, Kelly; Braak, Heiko (2002).
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1177:
Sharma, Rohit; Dearaugo, Stephanie; Infeld, Bernard; O'Sullivan, Richard; Gerraty, Richard P (August 2018).
155:. The amyloid material is only found in the brain and as such the disease is not related to other forms of
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1975:
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356:(CT) scan would show hyperdense haemorrhage area and hypodense odema around the haemorrhagic site.
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842:"Brain Basics: Preventing Stroke: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)"
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2357:
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Gustav
Oppenheim was the first to report vascular amyloid β deposits on the vasculature of the
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1043:
Novel
Imaging Techniques in Neurodegenerative and Movement Disorders, an Issue of Pet Clinics
774:"Exploring cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment"
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1945:
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can play a role in diagnosing probable cases. When no tissue is available for biopsy, the
966:"Dense-core senile plaques in the Flemish variant of Alzheimer's disease are vasocentric"
1638:
303:
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990:
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609:
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576:
454:
429:
388:
1261:"Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications, Part 2"
981:
670:
Neuropsychological
Neurology: The Neurocognitive Impairments of Neurological Disorders
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2005:
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211:
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1338:
1179:"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Review of clinico-radiological features and mimics"
882:
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2219:
2037:
1834:
1820:
1688:
1600:
1485:
Chao, Christine P.; Kotsenas, Amy L.; Broderick, Daniel F. (September 1, 2006).
252:
156:
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due to high blood pressure which occurs in deep locations of the brain such as
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1940:
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120:
1512:
1449:
1284:
643:
Neurodegeneration: The
Molecular Pathology of Dementia and Movement Disorders
600:
445:
193:
Familial amyloidosis-Finnish type is associated with gelsolin amyloid (AGel).
2708:
2450:
2445:
2309:
2287:
2162:
2126:
1745:
1611:
1323:"Diagnosis of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Evolution of the Boston Criteria"
1236:
1219:
1195:
1178:
1122:
Mental Disorders: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition
372:
260:
256:
152:
74:
61:
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1356:
1302:
1245:
1204:
999:
890:
759:
741:
618:
463:
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has been proposed as a tool for identifying CAA-related microhemorrhages.
167:
Several familial variants exist. The condition is usually associated with
2214:
1991:
1935:
1503:
1486:
1397:
Ellenbogen, Richard G.; Abdulrauf, Saleem I.; Sekhar, Laligam N. (2012).
244:
207:
148:
132:
1373:
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders
367:(SWI) are useful in detecting microbleeds and deposition of iron on the
2693:
2153:
2121:
2014:
1911:
1697:
1276:
313:
226:
140:
139:
is sometimes used because the presence of the abnormal aggregations of
1542:
1862:
1735:
1554:
317:
867:"Superficial Cerebellar Microbleeds and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy"
1760:
187:
349:
1964:
1661:
487:"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1657:
407:. The Boston Criteria for CAA originated in a 1995 paper from
127:
deposits in the walls of small to medium blood vessels of the
171:. However, there are types involving other amyloid peptides:
110:
Management can be physical, occupational, or speech therapy.
1960:
1426:"Emerging concepts in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy"
1370:
Verbeek, M. M.; Waal, R. M. de; Vinters, Harry V. (2013).
1259:
Mittal, S.; Wu, Z.; Neelavalli, J.; Haacke, E. M. (2009).
1487:"Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: CT and MR Imaging Findings"
1148:
Advances in Dementia Research and Treatment: 2012 Edition
814:
Coleman, William B.; Tsongalis, Gregory J. (2010-02-16).
940:
Neurologic Differential Diagnosis: A Case-Based Approach
312:
CAA can only be definitively diagnosed by a post-mortem
143:
can be demonstrated by microscopic examination of brain
1224:
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
937:
Ettinger, Alan B.; Weisbrot, Deborah M. (2014-04-17).
577:"Sporadic and familial cerebral amyloid angiopathies"
1532:
391:
may be helpful in the management of this condition.
214:) – a more common cause of a hemorrhagic stroke (or
2651:
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2142:
2013:
1998:
1902:
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1220:"Two types of sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy"
106:
96:
88:
68:
40:
35:
726:"Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Systematic Review"
336:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy can be presented with
1183:Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology
1040:Subramaniam, Rathan; Barrio, Jorge (2013-10-15).
1069:Brain Extracellular Matrix in Health and Disease
790:The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke
724:Biffi, Alessandro; Greenburg, Steven M. (2011).
60:Micrograph of cerebral amyloid angiopathy using
1321:Greenberg, Steven; Charidimou, Andreas (2018).
1013:Tolnay, Markus; Probst, Alphonse (2012-12-06).
964:Kumar-Singh, S.; Cras, P.; et al. (2002).
910:Sirven, Joseph I.; Malamut, Barbara L. (2008).
1172:
1170:
1168:
640:Dickson, Dennis; Weller, Roy O. (2011-09-09).
1976:
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8:
1316:
1314:
1312:
560:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1096:PACES for the MRCP: with 250 Clinical Cases
2265:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
2010:
1983:
1969:
1961:
1816:
1680:
1666:
1658:
1533:
79:
51:
32:
2606:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
1502:
1457:
1376:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1346:
1292:
1235:
1194:
1019:. Springer Science & Business Media.
989:
817:Essential Concepts in Molecular Pathology
749:
608:
453:
719:
717:
694:Dening, Tom; Thomas, Alan (2013-09-26).
379:hyperintensities and cortical thinning.
302:
225:
1016:Neuropathology and Genetics of Dementia
420:
375:). Other MRI indicators of CAA include
553:
1848:ACys+ABri/Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
1802:ATTR/Transthyretin-related hereditary
916:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
913:Clinical Neurology of the Older Adult
697:Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry
581:Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
27:Disease of blood vessels of the brain
7:
2744:
2505:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
263:cells, (2) enzymatic degradation by
2754:
2641:Medical Scientist Training Program
1400:Principles of Neurological Surgery
1265:American Journal of Neuroradiology
593:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00449.x
25:
1151:. ScholarlyEditions. 2012-12-26.
1125:. ScholarlyEditions. 2012-01-09.
2773:
2763:
2753:
2743:
2734:
2733:
1631:
787:Godefroy, Olivier (2013-02-28).
540:. Oxford University Press, USA.
434:J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
352:. In lobar intracerebral bleed,
2774:
1871:AApoA1+AFib+ALys/Familial renal
1797:AA/Familial Mediterranean fever
537:Companion to Clinical Neurology
428:Exley C, Esiri MM (July 2006).
365:susceptibility weighted imaging
326:Susceptibility weighted imaging
2631:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
2065:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
943:. Cambridge University Press.
793:. Cambridge University Press.
673:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
1917:ACal/Medullary thyroid cancer
1889:Primary cutaneous amyloidosis
1787:Aβ2M/Haemodialysis-associated
982:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64207-1
970:American Journal of Pathology
730:Journal of Clinical Neurology
2611:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
2378:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
1403:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1339:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.016990
1099:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1046:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
883:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.026235
667:Larner, A. J. (2008-04-24).
1843:Familial amyloid neuropathy
1649:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
117:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
36:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
18:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
2826:
271:(3) cleared by way of the
2729:
1812:Organ-limited amyloidosis
646:. John Wiley & Sons.
280:amyloid precursor protein
59:
50:
2565:Transplantation medicine
2456:Clinical neurophysiology
2373:Obstetric anesthesiology
2293:Interventional radiology
2053:Digestive system surgery
1093:Hall, Tim (2013-09-17).
1072:. Elsevier. 2014-10-30.
446:10.1136/jnnp.2005.086553
405:intracerebral hemorrhage
342:intracranial haemorrhage
2436:Intensive care medicine
2410:Mass gathering medicine
2255:Maternal–fetal medicine
1196:10.1111/1754-9485.12726
202:CAA is associated with
92:Cause of CAA is unknown
2028:Cardiothoracic surgery
1853:Aβ/Alzheimer's disease
742:10.3988/jcn.2011.7.1.1
409:Harvard Medical School
401:central nervous system
371:(cortical superficial
309:
231:
129:central nervous system
45:Congophilic angiopathy
2679:Personalized medicine
2538:Reproductive medicine
2463:Occupational medicine
2417:Evolutionary medicine
1237:10.1093/jnen/61.3.282
306:
229:
216:bleeding in the brain
179:" is associated with
2699:Traditional medicine
2659:Alternative medicine
2526:Addiction psychiatry
2340:Transfusion medicine
2335:Medical microbiology
2250:Gynecologic oncology
2102:Reproductive surgery
1827:AANF/Isolated atrial
1770:Systemic amyloidosis
1504:10.1148/rg.265055090
1442:10.1093/brain/awx047
125:amyloid beta peptide
2721:History of medicine
2704:Veterinary medicine
2511:Preventive medicine
2363:Adolescent medicine
2205:Infectious diseases
354:computed tomography
273:blood–brain barrier
119:(CAA) is a form of
2669:Molecular oncology
2626:Doctor of Medicine
2616:Master of Medicine
2533:Radiation oncology
2405:Emergency medicine
2358:Addiction medicine
2325:Clinical chemistry
2320:Clinical pathology
2112:Transplant surgery
2070:Orthopedic surgery
2048:Colorectal surgery
1592:External resources
1277:10.3174/ajnr.A1461
820:. Academic Press.
310:
232:
198:Signs and symptoms
2805:Vascular diseases
2787:
2786:
2621:Master of Surgery
2585:
2584:
2570:Tropical medicine
2516:Prison healthcare
2431:Hospital medicine
2395:Disaster medicine
2385:Aviation medicine
2200:Hospital medicine
2107:Surgical oncology
2092:Pediatric surgery
2086:
2033:Endocrine surgery
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1929:APro/Prolactinoma
1792:AGel/Finnish type
1626:
1625:
846:www.ninds.nih.gov
204:brain hemorrhages
114:
113:
102:PET scan, CT scan
98:Diagnostic method
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2817:
2777:
2776:
2767:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2441:Medical genetics
2426:General practice
2303:Nuclear medicine
2178:Gastroenterology
2134:Vascular surgery
2084:
2011:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1941:AIAPP/Insulinoma
1817:
1700:forming proteins
1682:
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1635:
1634:
1534:
1524:
1506:
1497:(5): 1517–1531.
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1471:
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1436:(7): 1829–1850.
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515:www.uptodate.com
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359:MRI sequence of
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55:
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2810:Brain disorders
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2725:
2714:Chief physician
2647:
2592:
2581:
2575:Travel medicine
2560:Sports medicine
2543:Sexual medicine
2483:Palliative care
2478:Pain management
2422:Family medicine
2400:Diving medicine
2346:
2274:
2236:
2229:
2145:
2138:
2097:Plastic surgery
2043:General surgery
2023:Cardiac surgery
2004:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1959:
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1946:Type 2 diabetes
1898:
1894:Amyloid purpura
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1479:Further reading
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322:Boston criteria
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290:Pathophysiology
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183:amyloid (ACys).
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2674:Nanomedicine
2225:Rheumatology
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2060:Neurosurgery
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490:
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437:
433:
423:
398:
386:
377:white matter
369:brain cortex
358:
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311:
293:
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239:(Aβ) in the
237:amyloid beta
233:
212:hypertension
201:
169:amyloid beta
166:
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116:
115:
44:
2800:Amyloidosis
2759:Wikiproject
2548:Venereology
2493:Neonatology
2390:Dermatology
2245:Gynaecology
2237:gynaecology
2220:Pulmonology
2038:Eye surgery
2000:Specialties
1689:Amyloidosis
1601:MedlinePlus
253:endocytosis
157:amyloidosis
137:congophilic
135:. The term
41:Other names
2794:Categories
2521:Psychiatry
2507:(PM&R)
2500:Phlebology
2488:Pediatrics
2315:Anatomical
2280:Diagnostic
2260:Obstetrics
2210:Nephrology
2195:Hematology
2190:Geriatrics
2183:Hepatology
2168:Cardiology
2158:Immunology
1577:DiseasesDB
896:2023-11-17
851:2015-05-27
736:(1): 1–9.
520:2019-08-17
511:"UpToDate"
496:2015-05-27
415:References
383:Management
284:Presenilin
265:neprilysin
261:microglial
257:astrocytes
181:cystatin C
121:angiopathy
2709:Physician
2593:education
2451:Neurology
2446:Narcology
2310:Pathology
2288:Radiology
2163:Angiology
2127:Andrology
1924:Pituitary
1904:Endocrine
1617:neuro/628
1612:eMedicine
1513:0271-5333
1450:0006-8950
1285:0195-6108
601:1015-6305
556:cite book
373:siderosis
299:Diagnosis
269:insulysin
230:Astrocyte
153:Congo red
123:in which
107:Treatment
75:Neurology
70:Specialty
62:congo red
2739:Category
2215:Oncology
2146:medicine
2144:Internal
1992:Medicine
1936:Pancreas
1521:16973779
1468:28334869
1357:29335334
1303:19131406
1246:11895043
1205:29604173
1000:12163376
891:31726962
760:21519520
619:12146803
464:16627535
318:Biopsies
245:cerebral
208:dementia
149:staining
133:meninges
2779:Outline
2749:Commons
2694:Therapy
2591:Medical
2154:Allergy
2122:Urology
2015:Surgery
1912:Thyroid
1698:amyloid
1696:Common
1639:Scholia
1571:D016657
1459:6059159
1348:5892842
1294:3805373
991:1850756
751:3079153
627:8930792
610:8095796
455:2117501
395:History
332:Imaging
314:autopsy
282:(APP),
141:amyloid
2769:Portal
2636:MD–PhD
1863:Kidney
1641:has a
1606:000719
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308:Tesla.
222:Causes
147:after
145:tissue
89:Causes
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2351:Other
1835:Brain
1821:Heart
1736:AIAPP
1643:topic
1582:32874
1560:I68.0
1430:Brain
623:S2CID
338:lobar
188:ITM2B
175:The "
163:Types
151:with
64:stain
1881:Skin
1761:ABri
1756:ACys
1751:AANF
1746:APro
1741:ACal
1717:Aβ2M
1712:ATTR
1566:MeSH
1517:PMID
1509:ISSN
1464:PMID
1446:ISSN
1405:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1353:PMID
1299:PMID
1281:ISSN
1242:PMID
1201:PMID
1153:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1048:ISBN
1021:ISBN
996:PMID
945:ISBN
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887:PMID
822:ISBN
795:ISBN
756:PMID
702:ISBN
675:ISBN
648:ISBN
615:PMID
597:ISSN
562:link
542:ISBN
460:PMID
363:and
350:pons
348:and
259:and
243:and
131:and
2085:ENT
2003:and
1731:APP
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