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506:. Almost all of Mbuyazi's followers were massacred in the aftermath of the battle, including five of Cetshwayo's brothers. Following this he became the ruler of the Zulu people in everything but name. However, he did not ascend to the throne as his father was still alive. Stories from that time regarding his huge size vary, saying he stood at least between 6 ft 6 in (198 cm) and 6 ft 8 in (203 cm) in height and weighed close to 25 stone (350 lb; 160 kg).
814:
718:
557:, crowned Cetshwayo in a shoddy, wet affair that was allegedly more of a farce than anything else. Shepstone eventually turned on the Zulus, as he felt he was undermined by Cetshwayo's skillful negotiations for land area and compromised by encroaching Boers, as well as the fact that the Boundary Commission established to examine the ownership of the land in question had dared to rule in favour of the Zulus. The report was subsequently buried.
79:
778:, where he died a few months later on 8 February 1884, aged 57–60, presumably from a heart attack, although there are some theories that he may have been poisoned. His body was buried in a field within sight of the forest, to the south near Nkunzane River. The remains of the wagon that carried his corpse to the site were placed on the grave and may be seen at Ondini Museum, near
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38:
181:
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His other brother, Umthonga, was still a potential rival. Cetshwayo also kept an eye on his father's new wives and children for potential rivals, ordering the death of his favourite wife, Nomantshali, and her children in 1861. Though two sons escaped, the youngest was murdered in front of the king.
618:
and felt that this could not be done while there was a powerful Zulu state bordering it. Frere thus began to demand reparations for Zulu border infractions and ordered his subordinates to send messages complaining about
Cetshwayo's policies, seeking to provoke the Zulu king. They carried out their
657:
prevented a total collapse of the
British military positions. While this retreat presented an opportunity for a Zulu counterattack deep into Natal, Cetshwayo refused to mount such an attack; he intended to repulse the British offensive and secure a peace treaty. However, Cetshwayo's translator, a
514:' side of the border and Cetshwayo had to make deals with the Boers to get him back. In 1865, Umthonga again fled across the border, apparently making Cetshwayo believe that Umthonga would organize help from the Boers against him, the same way his father had overthrown his predecessor,
765:
and civil war. In 1883, the
British government tried to restore Cetshwayo to rule at least part of his previous territory, but the attempt failed. With the aid of Boer mercenaries, Chief Zibhebhu started a war contesting the succession, and on 22 July 1883, he attacked Cetshwayo's new
637:, the first engagement of the war. After an initial decisive but costly Zulu victory over the British at Isandlwana and the failure of the other two columns of the three-pronged British attack to make headway – indeed, one was bogged down in the
597:
Cetshwayo (called
Cettiwayo in the caption of the photo above), in Cape Town shortly after his capture in the 1879 Anglo-Zulu War. He was exiled from Southern Africa after his capture, although eventually allowed to return by the
482:. Cetshwayo consistently opposed the war and sought fruitlessly to make peace with the British and was defeated and exiled following the Zulu defeat in the war. He was later allowed to return to Zululand, where he died in 1884.
623:. He did, however, state that he and Frere were equals, and since he did not complain about how Frere administered the Cape Colony, Frere should observe the same courtesy concerning Zululand. Eventually, Frere issued
689:. The battle lasted approximately 45 minutes before the British ordered their cavalry to charge the Zulus, which routed them. After Ulundi was taken and burnt on 4 July, Cetshwayo was deposed and exiled, first to
710:, who wrote articles and books in his support. This, along with his gentle and dignified manner, gave rise to public sympathy and the sentiment that he had been ill-used and shoddily treated by Bartle Frere and
1189:
575:, though evidence of their use is limited. He banished European missionaries from his land and may have incited other native African peoples to rebel against Boers in the
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1031:
685:, in which the British, having learned their lesson from their defeat at Isandlwana, set up a hollow square on the open plain, armed with cannons and
1159:
1553:
1145:
The
Romance of the Golden Rand: Being the Romantic Story of the Life and Work of the Pioneers of the Witwatersrand – the World's Greatest Goldfields
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Mpande died in 1872. His death was first concealed to ensure a smooth transition; Cetshwayo was installed as king on 1 September 1873. Sir
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in the line "The new
Africans, pot-bellied, heavy-jowled men on their stools of office: Cetshwayo, Dingane in white skins."
866:
681:
The
British then returned to Zululand with a far larger and better-armed force, finally capturing the Zulu capital at the
143:
1317:
115:
1069:
The
Washing of the Spears: A History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation Under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879
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orders, but
Cetshwayo kept calm, considering the British his friends and being aware of the power of the
560:
After his coronation, as was customary, Cetshwayo established a new capital for the nation and called it
1543:
905:
641:– the British retreated, other columns suffering two further defeats to Zulu armies in the field at the
195:
that states a
Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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disband his army. His refusal led to war in 1879, though he continually sought to make peace after the
111:
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Cetywayo and His White Neighbours: Or, Remarks on Recent Events in Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal
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502:. In 1856 he defeated and killed in battle his younger brother Mbuyazi, Mpande's favourite, at the
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Cartoon by E. C. Mountfort of 1882, depicting Cetshwayo being lectured by the anti-imperialist
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567:. He expanded his army and readopted many methods of Shaka. Cetshwayo also equipped his
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774:. After pleas from the Resident Commissioner, Sir Melmoth Osborne, Cetshwayo moved to
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features Cetshwayo as the leader of the Zulus in the Scramble for Africa scenario.
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793:, as heir to the throne, was proclaimed king on 20 May 1884, supported by (other)
666:, gave warnings to Chelmsford of gathering Zulu forces during these negotiations.
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Terrific Majesty: The Powers of Shaka Zulu and the Limits of Historical Invention
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By The Orders Of The Great White Queen: An Anthology of Campaigning in Zululand
1113:
Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making of South Africa
1302:
1160:"Biography of Cetshwayo kaMpande, the last king of an independent Zulu nation"
874:(1910), the face of a key character is compared to that of "King Cettiwayo".
762:
533:
1035:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 776–777.
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is being the last king of the Zulu Kingdom, though it still exists. His son
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Cetshwayo visited England in 1882 when this portrait was painted by
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in Ulundi. Cetshwayo was wounded but escaped to the forest at
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By 1882, differences between two Zulu factions—pro-Cetshwayo
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904:, his maternal great-grandson and the future leader of the
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419:
192:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
944:
There is a brief allusion made to Cetshwayo in the novel
700:
From 1881, his cause had been taken up by, among others,
462:
from 1873 to 1884 and its Commander in Chief during the
1190:"Cetshwayo, ka Mpande, King of the Zulus (c.1832–1884)"
662:
trader he had imprisoned at the start of the war named
198:
525:, who betrayed the Zulu cause on numerous occasions.
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103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1258:Discovering the Battlefields of the Anglo-Zulu War
1110:
785:Cetshwayo's most prominent role in South African
614:, sought to confederate the colony the same way
824:Cetshwayo figures in three adventure novels by
521:Furthermore, he had a rival half-brother named
1104:
1102:
649:. However, the British follow-up victories at
494:and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king
1318:
466:of 1879. His name has been transliterated as
8:
458:1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king of the
434:
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1325:
1311:
1303:
1264:
250:
999:was used for the king by the Zulu people.
239:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
510:After these events Umthonga fled to the
1012:
988:
335:8 February 1884 (aged 57–58)
1094:Historical Dictionary of the Zulu Wars
354:
449:
7:
972:King Cetshwayo District Municipality
844:(1917), and in his non-fiction book
610:, British High Commissioner for the
101:adding citations to reliable sources
27:King of the Zulu Kingdom (1826–1884)
697:. He returned to Zululand in 1883.
1569:Monarchs taken prisoner in wartime
1192:. English Heritage. Archived from
25:
1243:, Harvard University Press, 1998.
891:was named in his honour in 1889.
847:Cetywayo and His White Neighbours
490:Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king
47:This article has multiple issues.
412:
269:
179:
77:
36:
1554:19th-century monarchs in Africa
1516:Misuzulu Sinqobile kaZwelithini
1505:Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu
959:Civilization V: Brave New World
88:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
757:and three rival chiefs led by
1:
1072:. Pimlico. pp. 190–199.
801:commemorates Cetshwayo at 18
627:that demanded that Cetshwayo
538:
455:
316:
1574:People of the Anglo-Zulu War
745:Cetshwayo Blue Plaque at 18
1500:Cyprian Bhekuzulu kaSolomon
1142:Macdonald, William (1933).
850:(1882). He is mentioned in
836:Black Heart and White Heart
451:[ᵏǀétʃwajokámpande]
275:Photograph of Cetshwayo by
1600:
1066:Morris, Donald R. (1994).
586:
1524:
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1267:
1117:. PublicAffairs. p.
1109:Meredith, Martin (2007).
877:A character in the opera
364:
353:
268:
258:
1564:History of KwaZulu-Natal
1559:19th-century Zulu people
1437:Sigujana kaSenzangakhona
1253:, Greenhill Books, 1992.
1164:africanhistory.about.com
889:George Frederick Cameron
885:Oscar Ferdinand Telgmann
1461:Dingane kaSenzangakhona
1389:Chieftains of the Zulus
1283:King of the Zulu Nation
1224:. Secker & Warburg.
1032:Encyclopædia Britannica
931:In the 1986 miniseries
1584:South African animists
1466:Mpande kaSenzangakhona
821:
805:, Kensington, London.
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733:
678:
603:
542:
504:Battle of Ndondakusuka
201:by rewriting it in an
1456:Shaka kaSenzangakhona
974:was named after him.
906:Inkatha Freedom Party
860:. In the short story
816:
749:in Kensington, London
744:
720:
672:
596:
536:
1490:Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo
1432:Senzangakhona kaJama
1380:Ntombela kaMalandela
1375:Malandela kaLuzumana
1047:Haggard, Henry Rider
902:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
880:Leo, the Royal Cadet
818:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
761:—had erupted into a
635:Battle of Isandlwana
547:Theophilus Shepstone
337:Eshowe, Zulu Kingdom
97:improve this article
1170:on 16 December 2006
1148:. Cassell, limited.
939:Sokesimbone Kubheka
937:, he was played by
917:, he was played by
900:, he was played by
704:, correspondent of
702:Lady Florence Dixie
447:Zulu pronunciation:
1495:Solomon kaDinuzulu
1471:Cetshwayo kaMpande
1239:Carolyn Hamilton,
862:A Municipal Report
822:
809:In popular culture
751:
734:
679:
608:Henry Bartle Frere
604:
600:British government
549:, who annexed the
543:
408:Cetshwayo kaMpande
254:Cetshwayo kaMpande
203:encyclopedic style
190:is written like a
1531:
1530:
1510:Mantfombi Dlamini
1301:
1300:
1292:Succeeded by
1128:978-1-58648-473-6
1079:978-0-7126-6105-8
911:In the 1979 film
894:In the 1964 film
867:Strictly Business
647:Battle of Hlobane
643:Battle of Intombe
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365:Jininindi Omnyama
277:Alexander Bassano
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1026:"Cetywayo"
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997:iSilo samaBandla
993:
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831:The Witch's Head
826:H. Rider Haggard
707:The Morning Post
683:Battle of Ulundi
675:Karl Rudolf Sohn
565:(the high place)
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498:and grandson of
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1406:Phunga kaGumede
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639:Siege of Eshowe
616:Canada had been
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1196:on 5 July 2011
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589:Anglo-Zulu War
587:Main article:
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1198:. Retrieved
1194:the original
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1168:the original
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1549:1884 deaths
1338:Zulu people
1221:Age of Iron
1174:17 December
947:Age of Iron
922: [
852:John Buchan
838:(1900) and
799:blue plaque
731:John Bright
612:Cape Colony
555:Cape Colony
359:Regnal name
293:Predecessor
153:August 2012
112:"Cetshwayo"
1579:Zulu kings
1538:Categories
1360:Nkosinkulu
1289:1883–1884
1247:Ian Knight
995:The title
978:References
934:Shaka Zulu
763:blood feud
737:Later life
727:Birmingham
537:Cetshwayo
486:Early life
123:newspapers
52:improve it
1480:Kings of
1345:Kings of
1287:1872–1879
1007:Citations
914:Zulu Dawn
854:'s novel
691:Cape Town
577:Transvaal
551:Transvaal
480:Ketchwayo
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303:Successor
58:talk page
1482:Zululand
1370:Luzumana
1334:Monarchs
1295:Dinuzulu
1218:(1990).
1096:, p. 194
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841:Finished
834:(1885),
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759:Zibhebhu
645:and the
630:de facto
476:Cetywajo
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348:Dinuzulu
307:Dinuzulu
287:, c.1885
18:Cetewayo
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1336:of the
1260:, 2014.
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755:uSuthus
655:Kambula
573:muskets
553:to the
516:Dingane
197:Please
137:scholar
1365:Mdlani
1355:Mnguni
1276:Mpande
1200:1 July
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966:Legacy
780:Ulundi
776:Eshowe
695:London
562:Ulundi
492:Mpande
396:Mother
390:Mpande
386:Father
322:Eshowe
297:Mpande
285:London
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983:Notes
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768:kraal
660:Dutch
571:with
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541:1875.
529:Reign
512:Boers
496:Shaka
375:House
343:Issue
144:JSTOR
130:books
1202:2012
1176:2006
1123:ISBN
1074:ISBN
897:Zulu
887:and
795:Boer
725:for
653:and
478:and
332:Died
319:1826
313:Born
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