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376:. In addition it manned several Motor Fishing Vessels (MFV) and miscellaneous auxiliary vessels. All were manned exclusively by CRNVR personnel. These ships were meant to sweep and guard the approaches the harbours but were also often used on extended missions outside Ceylon waters. In the course of these operations, the ships came under enemy fire, recovered essential information from Japanese aircraft shot down, sailed to Akyab after the Burma front was opened in two FMVs for harbour duties, and was called upon to accept the surrender of the
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The LSSP leaders were able to escape, with the help of one of their guards. Several of them fled to India, where they participated in the struggle there, underscoring what had been established before the war, that India's and Ceylon's independence struggles were interlinked. However, a sizable
434:
mutinied on the night, intending to hand the islands over to the
Japanese. The mutiny was suppressed within an hour, however, and three of the mutineers were later executed â the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War.
599:
Independence agitators turned to opposition to the
Ministers' support for the British war effort. The local Ministers brought motions gifting the Ceylonese taxpayers' money to the British war effort, which were opposed by the pro-independence members of the
569:
too supported the anti-war movement as they saw it also as a war of imperialists, but in 1941 when
Germany attacked the Soviet Union they joined the war movement in support of the British calling it a people's war. But much of the populace dreaded a
438:
Following the mutiny the use of
Ceylonese combat troops was discontinued by the British, although a number of supply and transport units were used in the rear areas in the Middle East. The defences of Ceylon were reinforced by the
503:
Although the military effect of the raids was substantial - it resulted in the sinking of several ships including two cruisers and an aircraft carrier, the effect on the
Ceylonese population was far greater as it had heard of the
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addressed a large meeting in
Badulla on 12 May, and the police were powerless to act, although it was banned. At Wewessa Estate the workers set up an elected council and the Superintendent agreed to act in consultation with the
637:
party that went to restore 'law and order' was disarmed by the workers. The strike wave at last was beaten back by a wave of terror by the police, aided by floods which cut Uva off from the rest of the country for over a week.
611:
Starting in
November 1939 and during the first half of 1940 there was a wave of spontaneous strikes on the British-owned plantations, basically aimed at winning the right of organisation. There were two main plantation unions,
197:, which was expanded from a reserve unit to a mobilised force of 10 infantry battalions, 3 artillery regiments and support units. For the first time, Ceylonese units were deployed outside Ceylon in formation until the
880:
620:, LEWU) led by Samasamajists. In the Central Province the strike wave reached the zenith on the Mool Oya Estate strike, which was led by Samasamajists. After Mool Oya, the strike wave spread southward towards
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1613:
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344:, it later manned and operated trawlers and Antarctic whalers converted as Minesweepers and fitted out with guns, submarine detection equipment and anti-submarine weaponry. They were H.M. Ships
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and of the act of brutality of the
Japanese in occupied countries. The civilian population began a panicked fleeing of Colombo and of Ceylon by boat to India following the raid.
592:(later the third Prime Minister), held discussions with the Japanese with a view to collaboration to oust the British. These discussions did not go further since the much older
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Several of those who served with
Commonwealth Forces during the war went on to serve in the Sri Lankan Armed Forces after Ceylon gained independence in 1948; these include
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554:(or "Samasamajists"), which supported the independence movement and led the anti-war movement, made it clear that it did not side with either the Axis powers or the
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at
Colombo and five at Trincomalee; these were established prior to the war. Air defences were expanded starting in 1941 with the RAF occupying the civil airfield at
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and others were arrested on 18 June. The Samasamajist press was raided and sealed. Regulations were promulgated which made open party work practically impossible.
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645:, the British colonial authorities reacted in panic (as revealed in secret files released decades later) and the LSSP State Council members N. M. Perera and
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Public opposition to British colonial rule continued to grow. Among the elite there was irritation at the colour-bar practised by the leading clubs. Sir
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624:, the strikes became more prolonged and the workers began to seek the militant leadership of the Samasamajists more and more. The Trotskyist leader
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was not implemented in Ceylon. However, Ceylonese were encouraged to volunteer for service. Many volunteered throughout the war, most joining the
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The British had occupied the coastal areas of the island since 1796, but after 1917 the colony had no regular garrison of British troops. The
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173:. Several RAF Squadrons were sent to Ceylon. Several Commonwealth units were also stationed in Ceylon for the duration of the war.
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150:. Admiral Somerville took over the house of the King's Harbour Master adjoining the Victoria Arcade Navy officer's mess.
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Among Buddhists, there was anger that Buddhist monks of German origin were interned as 'enemy aliens' whereas German and
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2222:
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1560:
1441:
1431:
1421:
1309:
1157:
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1007:
667:. A plan was made to transport them to Ceylon by submarine, to begin the independence struggle, but this was abortive.
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However, the colonial authorities were finding that the independence struggle was becoming too powerful. After
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one. In 1940, the LSSP was banned; in response, the LSSP supported the pro-Japanese unrest in Cocos Islands.
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because of the island's strategic importance, holding almost all the British Empire's resources of rubber.
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near Colombo with its station headquarters set up at Kandawala. Another airfield was rapidly built at
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on Easter Sunday (5 April) 1942 on Colombo; a few days later Trincomalee was also attacked.
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Ceylonese in Japanese occupied Singapore and Malaya formed the 'Lanka Regiment' of the so called
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523:, Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia, takes the salute during the VJ Day Parade on the
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Sinhalese immigrants in Malaysia & Singapore, 1860â1990: History through recollections
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There was some opposition to the war in Ceylon, particularly among the workers and the
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29:
248:. The 1st battalion, the Ceylon Corps of Military Police, served in Malaya till 1949.
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after which deployment overseas of Ceylonese units was stopped with a few exceptions.
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305:, 14 September 1943 entering Port of Colombo to surrender following interception by
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and several temporary airstrips were built across the country, with the largest at
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was taken over by the Royal Navy. Cutting its teeth on the Port Commission Tugs
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616:'s Ceylon Indian Congress and the All-Ceylon Estate Workers Union (later the
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A war grave of Ceylon Medical Corps private in Newington Cemetery, Edinburgh.
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Singhalese women labourers RAF flying boat station at Red Hills Lake, Ceylon.
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33:
778:, in: War in History, vol. 16 (2009), no. 2, pp. 213â38 (here: p. 237).
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252:
185:
Sergeant Van Omoheusen of the Auxiliary Territorial Service, Sri Lanka.
111:
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40:
assured the British King and his government of its continued support.
634:
881:
Military history of the British Commonwealth in the Second World War
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Defend Lanka Your Home: War on the Home Front in Ceylon, 1939â1945
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which had been established by Nazi Germany, directly under Netaji
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United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
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348:(the first ship to be purchased by the Government of Ceylon),
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114:
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sri Lanka
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priests were not. Two young members of the Governing Party,
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and British as well as indigenous with little effect.
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386:and escort her to port with a prize crew on board.
1254:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
142:, while the Fighter Operations Room was setup at
204:Ceylonese continued to volunteer and joined the
604:. Propaganda was carried out among the troops,
596:(later the first Prime Minister) stopped them.
478:British anti-aircraft defences in Ceylon, 1943
138:The army headquarters were established at the
120:was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon with
1897:
1840:United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti
1607:
917:History of World War II by region and country
901:
430:, soldiers of the on Horsburgh Island in the
8:
2382:Board of Commissioners of Currency of Ceylon
806:Britain, World War 2 and the Sama Samajists
2758:Military history of Ceylon in World War II
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819:Lankan was privy to WW II covert operation
153:The fixed land defences consisted of four
1748:Portuguese conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
801:, Fremantle Arts Centre Press: Fremantle.
2738:South-East Asian theatre of World War II
2733:World War II military history by country
2609:Wesleyan Methodist Mission, North Ceylon
808:, Young Socialist Publications: Colombo.
804:Muthiah, W. & Wanasinghe, S. (1996)
1850:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
1835:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
693:
512:Opposition and anticolonial nationalism
2664:Ceylonese recipients of British titles
726:Forgotten campaign, forgotten veterans
470:in Ceylon during the Second World War.
91:(RAF) had established an aerodrome in
7:
1650:Kotte conquest of the Jaffna kingdom
309:of the Ceylon Naval Volunteer Force.
2702:
794:, KVG de Silva & Sons: Colombo.
127:Air Officer Commanding and Admiral
95:, Trincomalee long before the war.
2306:General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
2233:General Officer Commanding, Ceylon
1701:1173 Polonnaruwa invasion of Chola
83:maintained naval installations in
14:
871:The Easter Sunday Raid on Colombo
765:, 1962, London, Faber & Faber
705:. Warwick: Helion & Company.
588:(who later became President) and
525:Galle Face Green, Colombo, Ceylon
79:were mobilised and expanded. The
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2682:
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2020:Sri Lankan independence movement
1628:
845:
831:
496:was the air raid carried out by
2669:Military awards and decorations
2634:Bible translations into Sinhala
2555:Sinhala words of English origin
1686:Anuradhapura invasion of Pandya
189:As with other British Colonies
2753:British Empire in World War II
1721:SinhaleseâPortuguese conflicts
1691:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
30:British Crown Colony of Ceylon
20:British Empire in World War II
1:
2590:Methodist Church in Sri Lanka
2125:Legislative Council of Ceylon
2080:ColebrookeâCameron Commission
1819:Operation Prosperity Guardian
334:Ceylon Navy Volunteer Reserve
294:Ceylon Navy Volunteer Reserve
77:Ceylon Navy Volunteer Reserve
1780:Great Rebellion of 1817â1818
1711:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
813:Till The Mountains Disappear
671:contingent remained, led by
2624:Sri Lanka Baptist Sangamaya
2296:British Military in Ceylon
790:Arsecularatne, S.N. (1991)
171:Colombo Racecourse Airstrip
131:appointed commander of the
59:bombers patrol over Ceylon.
2774:
2300:Commander-in-Chief, Ceylon
1998:Great Rebellion of 1817â18
1660:1987â1989 JVP insurrection
811:Senewiratne, A.M. (2020)
654:Oliver Ernest Goonetilleke
618:Lanka Estate Workers Union
558:and considered the war an
481:
393:
228:. Ceylonese served in the
24:After the outbreak of the
17:
2677:
1932:
567:Communist Party of Ceylon
451:Japanese attack on Ceylon
144:Bishop's College, Colombo
110:and then to Trincomalee.
36:), the government of Sir
2743:Wars involving Sri Lanka
2659:Maldivian Annual Tribute
2434:Indian Ocean slave trade
2339:Ceylon National Congress
2090:Donoughmore Constitution
1770:Second KandyanâDutch War
799:The Cocos Islands Mutiny
701:Jackson, Ashely (2018).
545:Ceylon National Congress
238:Royal Army Service Corps
2619:The Pentecostal Mission
2595:American Ceylon Mission
2550:Sri Lankan Creole Malay
2130:State Council of Ceylon
2055:South East Asia Command
1765:First KandyanâDutch War
552:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
441:7th Australian Division
428:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
140:Colombo Museum building
2728:Ceylon in World War II
2349:Sri Lankan nationalism
2085:Donoughmore Commission
2045:Ceylon in World War II
1871:Ceylon in World War II
536:
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521:Lord Louis Mountbatten
479:
471:
466:bomber takes off from
445:1st (African) Division
411:and the battlecruiser
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68:
60:
2614:Lanka Lutheran Church
2364:Jaffna Youth Congress
2344:Native headmen system
2102:Soulbury Constitution
2030:1906 malaria outbreak
1919:British Ceylon period
1731:Battle of Mulleriyawa
1696:PolonnaruwaâPagan War
1681:Battle of Vijithapura
1655:1971 JVP insurrection
839:British Empire portal
738:"Cocos Island Mutiny"
703:Ceylon at War 1939-45
547:), encouraged by the
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477:
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418:, and the subsequent
324:, off Colombo with a
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220:. They served in the
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133:British Eastern Fleet
66:
51:
18:Further information:
2748:Ceylon Defence Force
2285:Ceylon Defence Force
2191:Ceylon Civil Service
2050:Cocos Islands mutiny
2035:1915 Ceylonese riots
1812:Cocos Islands mutiny
1743:DutchâPortuguese War
1665:Sri Lankan Civil War
675:, Philip's brother.
661:Indian National Army
443:and elements of the
396:Cocos Islands Mutiny
390:Cocos Islands Mutiny
290:Edward Amerasakera.
199:Cocos Islands Mutiny
195:Ceylon Defence Force
129:Sir James Somerville
73:Ceylon Defence Force
44:Preparations for war
38:Don Baron Jayatilaka
2600:Batticotta Seminary
2267:Financial Secretary
2097:Soulbury Commission
2040:Suriya-Mal Movement
2025:Temperance movement
1736:Campaign of Danture
1366:Carpathian Ruthenia
763:The Story of Ceylon
665:Subhas Chandra Bose
104:East Indies Station
2545:Sri Lankan English
2334:Kandyan Convention
2242:Board of Ministers
2213:Colonial Secretary
2015:Kandyan Convention
2003:Kandyan Convention
1988:Invasion of Ceylon
1807:Easter Sunday Raid
956:French West Africa
936:British Somaliland
712:978--1-912390-65-6
673:Robert Gunawardena
647:Philip Gunawardena
586:Junius Jayawardene
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494:Easter Sunday Raid
484:Easter Sunday Raid
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468:Colombo Racecourse
404:of the battleship
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322:Type Two 63 ft HSL
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1706:Pandyan Civil War
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1180:Dutch East Indies
1018:Southern Rhodesia
951:French Somaliland
876:Indian Ocean raid
797:Crusz, N. (2001)
761:Ludowyck E.F.C.,
590:Dudley Senanayake
506:Nanjing Massacres
488:Indian Ocean raid
420:fall of Singapore
307:HMS Overdale Wyke
284:H.W.G. Wijeyekoon
263:Anton Muttukumaru
177:Ceylon volunteers
155:coastal batteries
102:the Royal Navy's
100:fall of Singapore
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2010:Matale Rebellion
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1866:Military history
1859:Related articles
1787:Matale rebellion
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1340:Military history
1094:Native Americans
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853:Sri Lanka portal
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740:. Archived from
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594:D. S. Senanayake
560:internationalist
464:Bristol Blenheim
326:Hawker Hurricane
288:Air Vice Marshal
122:Air Vice Marshal
57:Bristol Blenheim
26:Second World War
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1556:Gilbert Islands
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256:D. S. Attygalle
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2458:
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2449:
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2439:Kangani system
2436:
2431:
2429:Tea production
2426:
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2411:
2406:
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1990:
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1970:Kandyan period
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1957:
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1911:
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1755:
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1733:
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1726:Siege of Kotte
1718:
1716:MingâKotte War
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1501:British Empire
1496:United Kingdom
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1345:Basque Country
1342:
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1327:
1322:
1317:
1315:Czechoslovakia
1312:
1307:
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1297:
1291:
1289:
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1199:
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582:Roman Catholic
513:
510:
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394:Main article:
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380:colonial ship
346:Overdala Wyike
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2573:Protestantism
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2522:Indian Tamils
2520:
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2392:British pound
2390:
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2240:
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2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
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2196:
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2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:Chief Justice
2151:
2150:
2149:
2148:Supreme Court
2146:
2145:
2143:
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2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
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2098:
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2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
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1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
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1945:
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1936:
1931:
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1914:
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1907:
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1900:
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1418:
1415:
1413:
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1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Liechtenstein
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
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1328:
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1308:
1306:
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1301:
1298:
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1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
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1198:
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1155:
1153:
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1138:
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1130:
1128:
1127:Latin America
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:South America
1103:
1095:
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1090:
1087:
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1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:United States
1062:
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1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:North America
1025:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
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964:
962:
959:
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954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
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934:
932:
931:Belgian Congo
929:
928:
926:
922:
918:
911:
906:
904:
899:
897:
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891:
888:
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869:
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829:
824:
820:
817:
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810:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
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784:
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771:
768:
764:
758:
755:
744:on 2001-09-11
743:
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730:
727:
722:
719:
714:
708:
704:
697:
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688:
683:
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655:
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648:
644:
639:
636:
632:
627:
623:
619:
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609:
607:
603:
602:State Council
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
580:
575:
573:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
550:
546:
543:(such as the
542:
533:
526:
522:
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495:
489:
485:
476:
469:
465:
462:
457:
450:
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432:Cocos Islands
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:
410:
409:
403:
397:
389:
387:
385:
384:
379:
375:
371:
368:and H.M Tugs
367:
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343:
339:
335:
327:
323:
319:
315:
308:
304:
300:
293:
291:
289:
285:
282:
281:Major General
278:
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274:Major General
271:
268:
267:Major General
264:
261:
260:Major General
257:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
236:and with the
235:
231:
227:
224:and later in
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176:
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125:John D'Albiac
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:was moved to
105:
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90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
65:
58:
55:
50:
43:
41:
39:
35:
31:
27:
21:
16:
2517:Indian Moors
2496:Social class
2462:Architecture
2397:Indian rupee
2109:Capital city
2044:
1993:Kandyan Wars
1955:Bibliography
1870:
1828:Peacekeeping
1802:World War II
1775:Kandyan Wars
1523:Vatican City
1442:Soviet Union
1190:West Sumatra
1162:
1059:Newfoundland
1013:South Africa
1008:Sierra Leone
986:North Africa
815:, Sri Lanka.
812:
805:
798:
791:
775:
770:
762:
757:
746:. Retrieved
742:the original
732:
721:
702:
696:
669:
658:
651:
640:
626:N. M. Perera
610:
598:
576:
564:
541:nationalists
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502:
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414:
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381:
373:
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361:
357:
353:
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341:
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331:
317:
302:
270:Bertram Heyn
250:
246:North Africa
218:British Army
206:British Army
203:
191:conscription
188:
152:
137:
97:
70:
32:(modern-day
23:
15:
2707:WikiProject
2474:Place names
2118:Legislature
1937:1815 â 1948
1797:World War I
1571:New Zealand
1537:Oceania and
1491:Switzerland
1452:Byelorussia
1407:Netherlands
1249:Philippines
1089:Puerto Rico
1044:El Salvador
633:. An armed
614:Natesa Iyer
320:HSL 164, a
242:Middle East
148:Secretariat
85:Trincomalee
2722:Categories
2290:Commanders
2066:Government
1943:Background
1626:involving
1566:New Guinea
1546:Antarctica
1539:Antarctica
1528:Yugoslavia
1447:Azerbaijan
1402:Luxembourg
1185:New Guinea
1084:New Mexico
1074:California
981:Madagascar
966:Gold Coast
961:The Gambia
748:2005-12-03
684:References
606:Australian
549:Trotskyist
426:-inspired
424:Trotskyist
214:Royal Navy
98:After the
81:Royal Navy
2537:Languages
2302:(Unified)
2228:Treasurer
2179:Executive
2140:Judiciary
1636:Sri Lanka
1551:Australia
1516:Gibraltar
1474:Catalonia
1397:Lithuania
1259:Singapore
1207:Indochina
1197:Hong Kong
1173:Manchuria
1142:Venezuela
1112:Argentina
1049:Greenland
1003:Nyasaland
689:Citations
574:victory.
413:HMS
406:HMS
328:overhead.
318:Whaleback
159:Ratmalana
93:China Bay
34:Sri Lanka
28:, in the
2687:Category
2565:Religion
2484:Scottish
2404:Cinnamon
2322:Politics
2278:Military
2252:Governor
2208:Governor
2158:Justices
1960:Timeline
1643:Domestic
1437:Slovenia
1432:Slovakia
1422:Portugal
1310:Bulgaria
1264:Thailand
1239:Mongolia
1212:Cambodia
1132:Suriname
1122:Colombia
946:Ethiopia
825:See also
572:Japanese
212:and the
87:and the
2654:Schools
2512:British
2479:English
2455:Culture
2448:Society
2414:Coconut
2375:Economy
1980:History
1950:Outline
1921:topics
1674:Foreign
1479:Galicia
1457:Ukraine
1427:Romania
1377:Ireland
1372:Iceland
1362:Hungary
1352:Germany
1330:Finland
1325:Estonia
1320:Denmark
1305:Belgium
1300:Austria
1295:Albania
1137:Uruguay
1069:Arizona
996:Morocco
991:Tunisia
976:Liberia
785:Sources
643:Dunkirk
579:Italian
415:Repulse
402:sinking
383:Eritrea
378:Italian
358:Sambhur
342:Goliath
303:Eritrea
253:General
240:in the
163:Koggala
112:Admiral
108:Colombo
2697:Portal
2527:Malays
2424:Rubber
2419:Coffee
2308:(Army)
1633:
1622:Major
1486:Sweden
1417:Poland
1412:Norway
1387:Latvia
1357:Greece
1335:France
1288:Europe
1274:Turkey
1234:Malaya
1163:Ceylon
1117:Brazil
1079:Nevada
1054:Mexico
1034:Canada
924:Africa
709:
679:Images
635:police
556:Allies
370:Barnet
338:Samson
226:Malaya
2647:Other
2491:Music
2409:Cocoa
2387:Rupee
1965:Years
1561:Nauru
1506:Wales
1464:Spain
1382:Italy
1269:Tibet
1244:Nepal
1229:Japan
1202:India
1168:China
1158:Burma
971:Kenya
941:Egypt
498:Japan
366:Balta
354:Semla
350:Okapi
234:Italy
222:Burma
167:Galle
165:near
2247:List
2203:List
1758:1591
1753:1560
1279:Tuva
1224:Iraq
1219:Iran
1151:Asia
1039:Cuba
707:ISBN
565:The
492:The
486:and
400:The
374:C405
372:and
362:Hoxa
340:and
332:The
286:and
244:and
75:and
2073:Law
622:Uva
461:RAF
459:An
232:in
210:RAF
115:Sir
54:RAF
52:An
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360:,
356:,
352:,
279:,
272:,
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