440:
57:
1098:, and barristers are appointed to sit as deputy judges of the High Court to hear particular cases, and while sitting are addressed as though they were full High Court judges. Trials in London are also conducted by Insolvency and Companies Court Judges and Masters, who have almost identical trial jurisdiction to full High Court judges but who do not hear committals to prison, criminal cases, or judicial review and do not travel 'on circuit' to outlying courts.
878:
Admiralty Court, the
Commercial Court, and the Technology and Construction Court, and in the Chancery Division under the lists for business, company and insolvency law, competition, finance, intellectual property, revenue, and trusts and probate. The change was meant to enable judges who have suitable expertise and experience in the specialist business and property jurisdictions to be cross-deployed to sit in the specialist courts, while continuing existing
1091:, from qualified lawyers. The Lord Chancellor, and all government ministers, are statutorily required to "uphold the continued independence of the judiciary", and both Houses of Parliament have standing orders to similar effect. High Court justices may be removed before their statutory retirement age only by a procedure requiring the approval of both Houses of Parliament.
325:
270:. Their jurisdictions overlap in some cases, and cases started in one division may be transferred by court order to another where appropriate. The differences of procedure and practice between divisions are partly historical, derived from the separate courts which were merged into the single High Court by the 19th-century
877:
The formation within the High Court of the
Business and Property Courts of England and Wales was announced in March 2017, and launched in London in July 2017. The courts would in future administer the specialist jurisdictions previously administered in the King's Bench Division under the names of the
399:
Originally, the High Court consisted of five divisions, the King's Bench, Common Pleas, Exchequer, Chancery, and
Probate, Divorce and Admiralty divisions. In 1880, the Common Pleas and Exchequer divisions were abolished, leaving three divisions. The Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division was renamed
1131:
Historically the ultimate source of all justice in
England was the monarch. All judges sit in judgment on the monarch's behalf (hence they have the royal coat of arms displayed behind them) and criminal prosecutions are generally made in the monarch's name. Historically, local magnates administered
868:
have maintained the
Financial List for cases which would benefit from being heard by judges with suitable expertise and experience in the financial markets or which raise issues of general importance to the financial markets. The procedure was introduced to enable fast, efficient and high quality
1243:
The Senior Courts Costs Office, which quantifies legal costs pursuant to orders for costs, serves all divisions. The Costs Office is part of the High Court, so generally all detailed assessment proceedings commenced in the Costs Office are subject to provisional assessment. Exceptions from
274:, but are mainly driven by the usual nature of their work, for example, conflicting evidence of fact is quite commonly given in person in the King's Bench Division, but evidence by affidavit is more usual in the Chancery Division which is primarily concerned with points of law.
1136:
and other ways. Inevitably, the justice administered was patchy and appeals were made direct to the monarch. The monarch's travelling representatives (whose primary purpose was tax collection) acted on behalf of the monarch to make the administration of justice more even
785:
is female – hears a wide range of common law cases and also has special responsibility as a supervisory court. It includes subdivisions such as the
Administrative Court, the Commercial Court, the Technology and Construction Court, and the Admiralty Court.
288:
In principle, the High Court is bound by its own previous decisions, but there are conflicting authorities as to what extent this is so. Appeal from the High Court in civil matters normally lies to the Court of Appeal, and thence in cases of importance to the
1079:
Masters (also judges in the High Court) are addressed as 'Master', regardless of gender, or 'Judge' and they wear dark blue gowns with pink tabs echoing the red of the High Court justices' robes. Within the
Chancery Division of the High Court, there are also
1148:
The tradition continues of judges travelling around the country in set 'circuits', where they hear cases in the 'district registries' of the High Court. The 'main' High Court (in the City of
Westminster, London) is not itself a High Court district registry.
1084:, who hear the majority of High Court insolvency (both personal and corporate) and company law cases and trials, together with some appeals from the County Court. They too wear dark blue gowns with pink tabs and are addressed as 'Judge' in court.
404:, and its jurisdiction reorganised accordingly. The High Court is now organised into three divisions: the King's Bench Division, the Chancery Division, and the Family Division. A list of hearings in the High Court's divisions is published daily.
1649:, 'Outside London, the work of the King's Bench Division is administered in provincial offices known as District Registries. In London, the work is administered in the Central Office at the Royal Courts of Justice.' (accessed 17 April 2014)
1244:
provisional assessment are detailed assessment proceedings in which the costs claimed are large (greater than £75,000) or in which the potential paying party does not respond to the notice of assessment.
1575:
898:. Its decisions are often of great importance only to the parties, but may concern life and death and are perhaps inevitably regarded as controversial. For example, it permitted a hospital to separate
297:
before 2009); in some cases a "leapfrog" appeal may be made directly to the
Supreme Court. In criminal matters, appeals from the King's Bench Divisional Court are made directly to the Supreme Court.
1659:
908:
regarding the right of mentally competent patients to withdraw from life-saving treatment. The Family
Division exercises jurisdiction to hear all cases relating to children's welfare, and has an
255:) cases; it also has a supervisory jurisdiction over all subordinate courts and tribunals, with a few statutory exceptions, though there are debates as to whether these exceptions are effective.
281:—a bench of two or more judges. Exceptionally the court may sit with a jury, but in practice normally only in defamation cases or cases against the police. Litigants are normally represented by
1811:
1710:
920:. High Court Judges of the Family Division sit at the Royal Courts of Justice, Strand, London, while District Judges of the Family Division sit at First Avenue House, Holborn, London.
1052:, and in judicial matters are formally styled "The Honourable Mr(s) Justice (Forename) Surname", abbreviated in writing to "Surname J". In court, they are properly addressed as
689:
1152:
The High Court previously divided England and Wales into six circuits namely the Midlands, Northern England, North Eastern England, South Eastern England, Wales (including
2145:
2150:
548:
1402:
1376:
637:
1583:
1039:
466:
1804:
861:
Cases heard before the Chancery Division are reported in the Chancery Division law reports. In practice, there is some overlap of jurisdiction with the KBD.
768:
947:, as it was informally called. That was renamed the Family Division in 1971 when the admiralty and contentious probate business were transferred elsewhere.
1780:
790:
1476:
56:
1989:
654:
620:
608:
521:
509:
277:
Most High Court proceedings are heard by a single judge, but certain kinds of proceedings, especially in the King's Bench Division, are assigned to a
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1524:
932:
372:
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1723:
2099:
1979:
1851:
1797:
1605:
603:
494:
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684:
39:
1754:
1994:
1856:
1033:
979:
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625:
598:
536:
499:
454:
380:
344:
278:
217:
172:
121:
116:
111:
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290:
177:
1942:
401:
376:
352:
2047:
1999:
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959:
851:
642:
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1358:
789:
Until 2005, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales was the head of the Division. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 created a
1932:
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1088:
1087:
Justices of the High Court, Insolvency and Companies Court Judges and Masters are appointed by the King on the recommendation of
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913:
761:
726:
664:
565:
543:
526:
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719:
356:
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1907:
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782:
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558:
154:
2057:
1105:, which try the more significant criminal cases, but High Court Judges only hear the most serious and important cases, with
1692:
1498:
1406:
1380:
1275:"The Supreme Court of Judicature Acts 1873 and 1875. Schedule of Rules and Forms, and other Rules and Orders. With notes"
2052:
970:, announced plans to end this practice, and proposals were contained in Clause 47 of the Prisons and Courts Bill before
904:
855:
553:
531:
2062:
2042:
1897:
1680:
754:
423:
225:
1156:), and Western England. Since 2005, the High Court has used seven circuits, listed below, which are identical to the
714:
1499:"Remarks by Sir James Munby, President of the Family Division and Head of Family Justice in the President's Court"
2155:
2021:
1094:
In addition to full High Court justices, other qualified persons such as retired judges, circuit judges from the
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1937:
1777:
1195:
917:
129:
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259:
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936:
364:
329:
301:
244:
2014:
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1176:
909:
575:
384:
248:
149:
2009:
1072:
after the colour of their formal robes, in contrast to the junior circuit judges who are referred to as
388:
1881:
285:
but may be represented by solicitors qualified to hold a right of audience, or they may act in person.
854:
who nominally acted as his deputy. The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 renamed the Vice-Chancellor to
1984:
1866:
1014:
975:
570:
504:
337:
309:
92:
1646:
1453:
Herring, Jonathan (October 2017). "Re A (Children)(Conjoined Twins) 2 WLR 480, Court of Appeal".
2120:
2067:
2004:
1927:
1740:
1228:
1213:
1202:
1191:
1184:
1106:
879:
736:
360:
35:
2115:
471:
375:, and the London Court of Bankruptcy – into a new Supreme Court of Judicature (now known as the
962:, claimed this amounted to "abuse and brutalisation", and called for the system to be changed.
1917:
1750:
1532:
951:
802:
348:
313:
233:
78:
1947:
1458:
1110:
928:
840:
647:
368:
2037:
1841:
1784:
1307:"Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission [1968] UKHL 6 (17 December 1968)"
1209:
967:
924:
899:
836:
459:
271:
164:
1292:
1060:. Since by convention they are knighted upon appointment, socially they are addressed as
1634:
1462:
1165:
812:
808:
333:
305:
237:
88:
30:
This article is about the court of England and Wales. For high courts in general, see
2139:
1432:
1274:
1221:
1172:
1140:
832:
824:
781:
The King's Bench Division (KBD) – or Queen's Bench Division when the
316:; almost all High Court proceedings may be issued and heard at a district registry.
1952:
1437:"The Business and Property Courts of England & Wales: An Explanatory Statement"
1428:
1306:
990:
The High Court only operates within four traditional periods in the year, known as
828:
252:
950:
The Family Division has faced criticism by allowing allegedly abusive partners to
902:
without the parents' consent. In 2002 it made a landmark judgement in the case of
1789:
1744:
890:
The Family Division deals with personal human matters such as divorce, children,
17:
1871:
1677:
The Judicial System of England and Wales: A visitor's guide - What are Circuits?
1157:
1133:
1127:
List of courts in England and Wales § District registries of the High Court
1102:
632:
431:
221:
1576:"Liz Truss to ban 'humiliating' questioning of women by abusive exes in court"
843:
matters respectively. All tax appeals are assigned to the Chancery Division.
31:
1536:
1101:
High Court justices (usually from the King's Bench Division) also sit in the
1217:
963:
816:
731:
324:
1153:
954:
their former partners; a procedure already banned in criminal procedure.
895:
1902:
1557:
891:
820:
282:
1713:, 'the Costs Office as part of the High Court', accessed 18 April 2014
209:
1525:"Revealed: how family courts allow abusers to torment their victims"
323:
191:
1793:
869:
dispute resolution of claims related to the financial markets.
1341:"Royal Courts of Justice and Rolls Building daily court lists"
1198:
regions, minus North East Lincolnshire and North Lincolnshire.
1013:: the second Tuesday after Easter to the Friday before the
1403:"Launch of Business and Property Courts, Judicial Office"
343:
The High Court of Justice was established in 1875 by the
1023:: the second Tuesday after the spring holiday to 31 July
1660:"Legal Systems in the UK (England and Wales): Overview"
1558:"Courts to ban cross-examination of victims by abusers"
347:. The Act merged eight existing English courts – the
1647:
UK Ministry Of Justice, King's Bench Division webpage
1635:
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/4/section/3
839:) which deal with patents and registered designs and
134:
Supreme Court of Judicature (Consolidation) Act 1925
2108:
2087:
2080:
2030:
1972:
1965:
1890:
1834:
1827:
186:
163:
99:
84:
74:
66:
49:
1477:"Principal Registry of the Family Division (PRFD)"
1068:. High Court judges are sometimes referred to as
923:The Family Division is comparatively modern. The
864:From October 2015, the Chancery Division and the
258:The High Court consists of three divisions: the
146:Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1959
143:Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1944
140:Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1938
137:Supreme Court of Judicature (Amendment) Act 1935
1504:. Courts and Tribunals Judiciary. 29 April 2014
1046:Justices of His Majesty's High Court of Justice
850:head of the Chancery Division, but appointed a
34:. For the court that tried King Charles I, see
1040:List of High Court Judges of England and Wales
379:). The new Supreme Court was divided into the
214:His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England
1805:
1606:"Clause 47 | Prisons and Courts Bill 2016-17"
1377:"Business and Property Courts: Media Release"
1231:region, plus Hampshire and the Isle of Wight.
762:
27:One of the Senior Courts of England and Wales
8:
1442:. Judiciary of England and Wales. p. 2.
312:, London. It has district registries across
1007:: 11 January to the Wednesday before Easter
2084:
1969:
1831:
1812:
1798:
1790:
769:
755:
467:His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service
417:
2146:1875 establishments in the United Kingdom
2151:Courts and tribunals established in 1875
1923:Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes
1711:CPR Part 47 Practice Direction 4.2(2)(c)
933:Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes
858:and made him the head of the Division.
846:Until 2005, the Lord Chancellor was the
373:Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes
247:with all high-value and high-importance
61:Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
1265:
941:Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Division
791:President of the Queen's Bench Division
430:
109:
1227:South West England, consisting of the
1208:South East England, consisting of the
1201:North West England, consisting of the
1190:North East England, consisting of the
665:Justice of the peace / lay magistrates
387:, and the High Court, which exercised
263:
46:
40:High Court of Justice (disambiguation)
1293:"Interpretation Act 1978, schedule 1"
1082:Insolvency and Companies Court Judges
807:The Chancery Division (housed in the
7:
1523:Laville, Sandra (22 December 2016).
1034:High Court judge (England and Wales)
945:The Court of Wills, Wives and Wrecks
421:This article is part of the series:
345:Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873
267:
126:Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1891
122:Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1877
117:Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1875
112:Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873
912:in wardship cases. Its head is the
594:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
490:Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
1582:. 12 February 2017. Archived from
1234:Wales, consisting of all of Wales.
402:Administration of Justice Act 1970
377:Senior Courts of England and Wales
226:Senior Courts of England and Wales
25:
2048:Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
1463:10.1093/he/9780191847295.003.0036
1123:Circuit judge (England and Wales)
1933:Court of Great Sessions in Wales
1743:; Smith, A.T.H. (27 July 2010).
1117:Circuits and district registries
1089:Judicial Appointments Commission
914:President of the Family Division
882:for cases that proceed in them.
831:. It has specialist courts (the
727:Law Society of England and Wales
527:President of the Family Division
438:
55:
1379:. 12 March 2017. Archived from
690:Director of Public Prosecutions
300:The High Court is based at the
1908:Court for Crown Cases Reserved
1821:Judiciary of England and Wales
1697:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
1632:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
1612:. UK Parliament. 20 April 2017
1363:Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
1254:High Court enforcement officer
407:
400:to the Family Division by the
155:Constitutional Reform Act 2005
1:
1741:Williams, Glanville Llewellyn
1724:Civil Procedure Rule 47.15(1)
1405:. 4 July 2017. Archived from
1330:Williams, Smith (2010). p. 6.
827:law in relation to issues of
621:President of the King's Bench
522:President of the King's Bench
228:. Its name is abbreviated as
2053:Chief Baron of the Exchequer
1171:Midlands, consisting of the
905:Ms B v An NHS Hospital Trust
873:Business and Property Courts
856:Chancellor of the High Court
554:County Court Business Centre
532:Chancellor of the High Court
2063:Justice of the Common Pleas
2058:Justice of the King's Bench
2043:Lords of Appeal in Ordinary
1898:Court of Appeal in Chancery
1138:
549:List of County Court venues
424:Courts of England and Wales
2177:
1164:London, consisting of the
1120:
1037:
1031:
1001:: 1 October to 21 December
800:
638:List of Crown Court venues
411:
29:
2022:Common Serjeant of London
695:Crown Prosecution Service
54:
1938:Court of High Commission
1783:15 February 2012 at the
1726:, accessed 18 April 2014
1295:. The National Archives.
1196:Yorkshire and the Humber
1048:are informally known as
432:Law of England and Wales
243:The High Court deals at
130:Criminal Appeal Act 1907
1778:Royal Courts of Justice
1749:. Sweet & Maxwell.
1273:Wilson, Arthur (1875).
1181:North East Lincolnshire
937:High Court of Admiralty
484:Civil and family courts
365:High Court of Admiralty
330:Royal Courts of Justice
302:Royal Courts of Justice
2015:Recorder of Manchester
1877:High Court of Chivalry
1610:services.parliament.uk
1359:"Financial List Guide"
1113:hearing the majority.
1076:for the same reason.
943:of the High Court, or
910:exclusive jurisdiction
385:appellate jurisdiction
340:
150:Senior Courts Act 1981
38:. For other uses, see
2161:High Court of Justice
2010:Recorder of Liverpool
1990:Court of Appeal judge
1943:Court of King's Bench
1913:Court of Common Pleas
1722:Ministry of Justice,
1709:Ministry of Justice,
980:2017 general election
823:law, insolvency, and
616:High Court of Justice
609:Court of Appeal judge
517:High Court of Justice
510:Court of Appeal judge
414:King's Bench Division
408:King's Bench Division
389:original jurisdiction
357:Court of Common Pleas
353:Court of King's Bench
327:
260:King's Bench Division
206:High Court of Justice
50:High Court of Justice
1017:(last Monday in May)
679:Criminal prosecution
216:, together with the
212:, known properly as
1985:Master of the Rolls
1867:Court of Protection
1564:. 23 February 2017.
1281:. Stevens and Sons.
1015:Spring bank holiday
927:first combined the
655:Magistrates' courts
571:Court of Protection
505:Master of the Rolls
455:Ministry of Justice
338:City of Westminster
310:City of Westminster
93:City of Westminster
2121:Admiralty Advocate
2068:Justice of Chester
2005:Recorder of London
1980:Lord Chief Justice
1928:Court of Exchequer
1882:Magistrates' Court
1229:South West England
1214:South East England
1203:North West England
1192:North East England
1185:North Lincolnshire
737:Solicitor advocate
604:Lord Chief Justice
383:, which exercised
361:Court of Exchequer
341:
36:Trial of Charles I
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2100:Solicitor General
2076:
2075:
1961:
1960:
1918:Court of Chancery
1756:978-0-414-04173-8
1645:partial support:
1050:High Court judges
896:medical treatment
803:Court of Chancery
797:Chancery Division
779:
778:
576:Court of Chivalry
349:Court of Chancery
314:England and Wales
264:Chancery Division
234:England and Wales
202:
201:
79:England and Wales
18:Chancery Division
16:(Redirected from
2168:
2156:Courts of equity
2095:Attorney General
2085:
1995:High Court judge
1970:
1948:Court of Probate
1832:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1791:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1746:Learning the Law
1727:
1720:
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1707:
1701:
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1693:"Circuit judges"
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1580:PoliticsHome.com
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1303:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1144:
929:Court of Probate
918:Andrew McFarlane
916:, currently Sir
866:Commercial Court
771:
764:
757:
709:Legal profession
685:Attorney General
626:High Court judge
537:High Court judge
442:
441:
418:
369:Court of Probate
279:divisional court
236:High Court) for
198:
195:
193:
59:
47:
21:
2176:
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2171:
2170:
2169:
2167:
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2165:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2125:
2116:King's Advocate
2104:
2072:
2038:Lord Chancellor
2026:
1957:
1886:
1857:Court of Appeal
1842:Court of equity
1823:
1818:
1785:Wayback Machine
1774:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1739:
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1681:Judicial Office
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1586:on 9 April 2017
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1479:. The Law Pages
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1439:
1435:(18 May 2017).
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1409:on 28 July 2017
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1383:on 28 July 2017
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1347:. 19 June 2024.
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1216:regions, minus
1210:East of England
1134:manorial courts
1129:
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1042:
1036:
1030:
988:
968:Lord Chancellor
966:, when she was
925:Judicature Acts
900:conjoined twins
888:
886:Family Division
875:
852:Vice-Chancellor
837:Companies Court
805:
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710:
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599:Court of Appeal
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588:Criminal courts
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472:Judges' Council
460:Lord Chancellor
450:
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381:Court of Appeal
322:
272:Judicature Acts
268:Family Division
218:Court of Appeal
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173:Court of Appeal
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70:1 November 1875
62:
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1529:The Guardian
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960:MP for Hove
841:company law
715:Bar Council
633:Crown Court
222:Crown Court
67:Established
2140:Categories
1862:High Court
1316:25 January
1260:References
1121:See also:
1070:red judges
1038:See also:
999:Michaelmas
972:Parliament
956:Peter Kyle
801:See also:
240:purposes.
224:, are the
196:/highcourt
165:Appeals to
32:High court
1762:29 August
1679:from the
1537:0261-3077
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1455:Law Trove
1218:Hampshire
1160:regions.
1111:recorders
976:prorogued
964:Liz Truss
880:practices
732:Solicitor
720:Barrister
395:Divisions
249:civil law
192:judiciary
1966:Justices
1781:Archived
1562:BBC News
1248:See also
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935:and the
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266:and the
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220:and the
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1058:My Lady
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332:on the
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1139:(see
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293:(the
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1764:2011
1751:ISBN
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1389:2017
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