543:
167:
620:
447:
557:
147:
36:
82:
594:, under a variety of synonyms, became so thoroughly entangled with descriptions of similar organisms, that it is virtually impossible to differentiate one historic amoeboid from another. In 1879, Joseph Leidy suggested collapsing all the "common" large, freshwater amoebae into one species, which he proposed to call
534:. As a new pseudopod is extended, a variable zone of ectoplasm forms at the leading edge and a fountaining stream of endoplasm circulates within. The effort of describing these motions, and explaining how they result in the cell's forward movement, has generated a large body of scientific literature.
683:. By the early 1970s, all three names were in use concurrently, by various investigators. However, studies of the fine structure and physiology of the amoeba made it increasingly clear that there were profound differences between it and the other
725:
grouping: that some amoeboids shared a more recent common ancestor with members of other phyla than with other
Sarcodina. Consequently, the amoeboids of Sarcodina have been distributed among two newly created supergroups,
1077:
Deng, Yuru; et al. (2002). "Fasting induces cyanide-resistant respiration and oxidative stress in the amoeba Chaos carolinensis : implications for the cubic structural transition in mitochondrial membranes".
746:, or shell), either monopodial or possessing somewhat cylindrical pseudopods, with non-adhesive uroid (a region at the posterior of the cell which has a crumpled appearance).
1688:
1727:
673:. Several investigators argued vigorously against the validity of that name, but others adopted it. A third faction accepted the validity of the genus
1675:
979:
1701:
1311:
Rösel von
Rosenhof, A.J. 1755. Der monatlich-herausgege benen Insecten-Belustigung erster Theil... J.J. Fleischmann: Nürnberg. Vol. 3, Tab. 101,
542:
427:
Recently, molecular phylogenetic studies of this species have confirmed the view of some earlier researchers that it is more closely related to
52:
1783:
1261:
1136:
1750:
1203:"SSU rRNA-based Phylogenetic Position of the Genera Amoeba and Chaos (Lobosea, Gymnamoebia): The Origin of Gymnamoebae Revisited"
59:. You may also want to view the infobox template page to view the full parameter list and read guidance on usage of that infobox.
1207:
526:
around the perimeter of the cell, which is relatively clear and contains no conspicuous granules. Like other lobose amoebae,
1706:
661:
was, in fact, identical to the amoeba that had been seen by Rösel in 1755, the "little
Proteus" which Linnaeus had named
113:
109:
761:
as closely related taxa within the group. However, the same research raises questions about the monophyly of the genus
644:
but had cellular nuclei numbering in the hundreds. Since there existed already a genus of giant multinucleate amoebae,
691:, of mitochondria). Since then, a nomenclatural consensus has emerged, and today the organism is generally known as
1732:
1778:
523:
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1602:
314:
1059:
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650:
294:
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1755:
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1449:
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654:. This amoeba was easily cultivated and became a widely distributed and studied laboratory organism.
367:
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284:
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161:
56:
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for Wilson's amoeba, but retained the second half of the binomial, referring to the organism as
510:, is extremely flexible, allowing the organism to change shape from one moment to the next. The
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1315:
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1132:
1097:
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770:
94:
1337:
927:"The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists"
640:, at the University of North Carolina, discovered and isolated a giant amoeba that resembled
490:, encircling food particles with its pseudopodia, then enclosing them within a food ball, or
1542:
1500:
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518:, which contains loose granules and food vacuoles, as well as organelles such as nuclei and
514:
within the membrane is conventionally described as having two parts: the internal fluid, or
384:), can reach lengths up to 5 mm, although most specimens fall between 1 and 3 mm.
1318:
1312:
709:
was included, along with all other protists that extend lobose pseudopods or move about by
619:
35:
1221:
1202:
498:, nor is there any fixed site on the cell membrane at which phagocytosis normally occurs.
1351:
Wilber, CG (1947). "Concerning the
Correct Name of the Rhizopod, Pelomyxa carolinensis".
1504:
1453:
1407:
1290:
1662:
1440:
King, Robert L.; Jahn, Theodore L. (19 March 1948). "Concerning the Genera of Amebas".
1415:
832:
743:
624:
596:
556:
389:
742:, are now placed in the latter, within the order Tubulinida: naked amoebas (lacking a
1772:
1547:
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1246:
943:
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718:
576:" ("the little Proteus"). Three years later, Linnaeus gave Rösel's creature the name
476:
420:
373:
1423:
1109:
608:. However, in the description he gives of this organism, it is clearly defined as a
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1053:
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of
Amoebozoa has yet to be established, current information confirms the status of
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45:
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17:
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had already been applied to a genus of flagellate algae, he later changed it to
507:
146:
102:
600:. A dozen species, including several that had been identified as belonging to
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208:
98:
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590:. In subsequent decades, as new names and species proliferated, accounts of
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483:
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377:
218:
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188:
178:
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1380:
1277:
Allen, RD; Allen, RS (1978). "Cytoplasmic
Streaming in Amoeboid Movement".
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952:
494:, where they are broken down by enzymes. The cell does not have a mouth or
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235:
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491:
1154:"Observations on the Giant Amoeba, Amoeba Carolinensis (Wilson, 1900)"
974:
669:
governing biological nomenclature, the name of the organism should be
393:
and share the same general morphology, producing numerous cylindrical
1248:
582:
548:
1719:
1596:
1364:
1171:
697:, as first proposed by Robert L. King and Theodore L. Jahn in 1948.
380:. The largest and most-known species, the so-called "giant amoeba" (
1026:
1007:
555:
541:
475:, able to feed on bacteria, algae, other protists, and even small
445:
363:
1491:
Chapman-Andresen, Cicely (1971). "Biology of the Large
Amoebae".
1600:
48:
may require expansion, verification, or otherwise need cleanup.
1654:
783:, as illustrated below, following Pawlowski and Burki (2009):
75:
29:
80:
409:
can have as many as a thousand. Because of this attribute,
387:
Members of this genus closely resemble those of the genus
1581:
1394:
Kudo, Richard (1959). "Pelomyxa and
Related Organisms".
397:, each of which is rounded at the tip. However, while
648:, Wilson placed his organism in that taxon, naming it
435:. The species is now placed in the independent genus
1591:
717:. Molecular phylogenies based on the examination of
568:
has had a long and often confusing history. In 1755,
1609:
1336:. Washington: Government Printing Office. pp.
1353:Transactions of the American Microscopical Society
1524:
1522:
665:. Therefore, he urged that, in keeping with the
1531:"Untangling the phylogeny of amoeboid protists"
1125:Free-Living Freshwater Protozoa: A Colour Guide
1279:Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering
8:
1597:
1435:
1433:
1396:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1047:
1045:
925:Adl, Sina M.; et al. (October 2005).
145:
134:
53:Knowledge (XXG)'s guidelines for infoboxes
1546:
1529:Pawlowski, J.; Burki, F. (Jan–Feb 2009).
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942:
920:
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687:(including the complete absence, in true
980:Global Biodiversity Information Facility
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51:Please make sure that the infobox meets
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572:saw and depicted an amoeboid he named "
1333:Fresh-water Rhizopods of North America
1201:Bolivar, Ignacio; et al. (2001).
657:In 1926, Asa A. Schaeffer argued that
55:. There might be relevant comments on
1222:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003777
604:, were to be regarded as synonyms of
334:
7:
1743:af58b2ea-03e7-4c46-a6f8-9dcde9953819
538:Early history and naming controversy
309:(Penard, 1902) Bovee & Jahn 1973
1505:10.1146/annurev.mi.25.100171.000331
1291:10.1146/annurev.bb.07.060178.002345
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800:
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1535:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
1416:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb56118.x
931:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
299:(Kudo, 1950) Bovee & Jahn 1973
25:
721:, have shown that Sarcodina is a
560:Amoebas from C.G. Ehrenberg, 1830
1548:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00379.x
1252:. San Diego: Academic. pp.
1008:"Notes on a Species of Pelomyxa"
944:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
705:Until quite recently, the genus
459:), as drawn by H.V. Wilson, 1900
165:
34:
1208:Molecular Biology and Evolution
27:Genus of microscopic organisms
1:
1493:Annual Review of Microbiology
1062:: Charles C. Thomas. p.
552:from Rösel von Rosenhof, 1755
413:was once placed in the genus
1462:10.1126/science.107.2777.293
779:and at least two species of
580:. However, because the name
279:, 1900) King & Jahn 1948
1784:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
340:Bory de St.Vincent, 1823
256:(Pallas 1766) Linnaeus 1767
1800:
632:), from Joseph Leidy, 1879
612:amoeba, unlike the modern
289:Smirnov & Goodkov 1997
114:the image placement policy
93:may require adjustment of
1152:Short, Robert B. (1946).
1123:Patterson, David (1996).
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162:Scientific classification
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1244:Thorp, James H. (2001).
738:and its close relative,
506:The cell's membrane, or
116:for further information.
1159:The Biological Bulletin
1013:The American Naturalist
636:In 1900, the biologist
486:, they take in food by
1330:Leidy, Joseph (1879).
1052:Kudo, Richard (1954).
773:to a group containing
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471:species are versatile
460:
91:This article's images
85:
1094:10.1007/s007090200017
1060:Springfield, Illinois
809:Amoeba leningradensis
667:principle of priority
659:Pelomyxa carolinensis
651:Pelomyxa carolinensis
622:
559:
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522:; and a more viscous
457:Pelomyxa carolinensis
449:
84:
713:flow, in the phylum
439:, a sister group to
419:alongside the giant
110:the picture tutorial
1454:1948Sci...107..293K
1408:1959NYASA..78..474K
425:Pelomyxa palustris.
1582:Amoebae on the Web
850:Chaos carolinensis
776:Chaos carolinensis
694:Chaos carolinensis
680:Chaos carolinensis
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574:der kleine Proteus
570:Rösel von Rosenhof
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530:move by extending
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452:Chaos carolinensis
382:Chaos carolinensis
155:Chaos carolinensis
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44:This page's
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1635:Wikispecies
1587:The Amoebae
1285:: 469–495.
1166:(1): 8–18.
1081:Protoplasma
671:Chaos chaos
663:Chaos chaos
610:uninucleate
588:Chaos chaos
532:pseudopodia
508:plasmalemma
482:. Like all
108:Please see
1773:Categories
1592:Microworld
1317:, p. 622,
1314:, p. 621,
1127:. London:
986:2023-03-03
909:References
749:While the
625:A. proteus
564:The genus
395:pseudopods
285:C. glabrum
209:Euamoebida
99:formatting
1499:: 27–48.
751:monophyly
732:Amoebozoa
715:Sarcodina
524:ectoplasm
516:endoplasm
512:cytoplasm
496:cytostome
484:Amoebozoa
378:Amoebidae
374:organisms
305:C. nobile
219:Amoebidae
199:Tubulinea
189:Amoebozoa
179:Eukaryota
122:July 2023
65:July 2023
1715:MycoBank
1663:Fungorum
1620:Wikidata
1557:19335771
1478:17791177
1424:84452764
1381:20242308
1231:11719580
1188:21014274
1110:21590883
1102:12099216
953:16248873
765:, since
728:Rhizaria
689:Pelomyxa
685:Pelomyxa
646:Pelomyxa
630:C. chaos
502:Movement
433:Pelomyxa
431:than to
416:Pelomyxa
371:amoeboid
328:Synonyms
262:Species
236:Linnaeus
215:Family:
185:Phylum:
175:Domain:
1694:1306981
1681:3210472
1626:Q137465
1565:5794367
1513:5005027
1470:1675718
1450:Bibcode
1442:Science
1404:Bibcode
1373:3223328
1180:1538058
1036:2453844
975:"Chaos"
961:8060916
769:may be
492:vacuole
423:amoeba
403:nucleus
225:Genus:
205:Order:
195:Class:
46:infobox
1756:761149
1740:NZOR:
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781:Amoeba
759:Amoeba
740:Amoeba
583:Volvox
549:Volvox
441:Amoeba
429:Amoeba
399:Amoeba
390:Amoeba
277:Wilson
238:, 1767
101:, and
1751:WoRMS
1720:22079
1707:43869
1689:IRMNG
1668:22079
1655:62529
1641:Chaos
1611:Chaos
1561:S2CID
1466:JSTOR
1420:S2CID
1369:JSTOR
1176:JSTOR
1106:S2CID
1032:JSTOR
957:S2CID
771:basal
763:Chaos
755:Chaos
736:Chaos
707:Chaos
675:Chaos
614:Chaos
602:Chaos
592:Chaos
566:Chaos
528:Chaos
469:Chaos
437:Chaos
407:Chaos
364:genus
362:is a
359:Chaos
337:Cahos
230:Chaos
139:Chaos
1728:NCBI
1702:ITIS
1676:GBIF
1553:PMID
1509:PMID
1474:PMID
1377:PMID
1340:–35.
1295:PMID
1258:ISBN
1227:PMID
1184:PMID
1133:ISBN
1098:PMID
949:PMID
757:and
744:test
730:and
345:Caos
112:and
103:size
1650:EoL
1543:doi
1501:doi
1458:doi
1446:107
1412:doi
1361:doi
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