370:
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38:
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Chaitén, completely destroying a significant part of it by July 2008. Some defensive work has been undertaken by the government. There were plans to move town some 10 kilometres (6 mi) north but these have not been concluded as yet. The town of
Chaiten is slowly recovering. Its current population is about 900 people.
416:
Through the remainder of May and June 2008 the eruption continued as a variable but gradually decreasing emission of ash, with intermittent seismic activity and pyroclastic flows. On May 21, a new lava dome was observed to be forming in the crater, which by May 24 exceeded the height of the old dome.
441:
Forests near the volcano have been burned by pyroclastic flows and lateral explosions. Large parts of southern
Argentina and Chile have been coated with ash, with possible longer term consequences for agriculture, although not only negative as ash adds new minerals to the soil. Large amounts of ash
420:
As of July 3, 2008, Chaitén continued to erupt, with associated seismic activity, an eruptive column of ash up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), and a growing lava dome. Whether the dome will be stable remains uncertain, and there is an ongoing risk of collapse and explosive pyroclastic eruption. In
449:
Beginning on May 12, lahars caused flooding in the town of Chaitén, depositing ash mud to a depth of up to a metre or more, damaging many buildings, and completely filling the original course of the Chaitén River past the town. Over the subsequent weeks, the river excavated a new course through
338:
located 75 kilometres (47 mi) southeast to a depth of 30 centimetres (12 in). Ash thickness estimates are often exaggerated during volcanic crises; later field investigations suggest that the average ash thickness deposited across
Futaleufú was less than 5–10 cm (2–4 in).
421:
August 2008, an expedition reached the summit of
Chaiten volcano. The summit crater contained a 120 metres (390 ft) high lava dome. Earthquakes were felt at the summit. The lava dome was loudly degassing, and avalanches of lava boulders fell from the dome side to the crater floor.
377:
The initial phase of the actual eruption in 2008 was characterised by ash emissions and seismic activity; local seismic measurements in 2005 registered earthquakes up to magnitude 3.6 MW below the Chaitén volcano. On May 6, 2008, the force of eruption increased significantly, producing
417:
Initially, the dome extended towards the north side of the caldera, but following the emergence of two new vents in the south of the old dome around June 11 and a later one to the west, the expansion moved to the south, eventually blocking the drainage from the caldera floor.
794:
Lange, D.; Cembrano, J.; Rietbrock, A.; Haberland, C.; Dahm, T.; Bataille, K. (April 2008). "First seismic record for intra-arc strike-slip tectonics along the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone at the obliquely convergent plate margin of the southern Andes".
424:
On
February 19, 2009, a partial dome collapse caused pyroclastic flows to descend through the Chaitén river valley reaching down to approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the town of Chaitén. The ash once again reached Futaleufú and parts of
401:
In the early phase of the eruption (May 2, 2008), two separate vents had developed in the old lava dome. An overflight on May 6, 2008, found that these had fused into one vent roughly 800 metres (2,600 ft) across.
1279:
1235:
1205:
1175:
1142:
1120:
1090:
1060:
930:
1421:
SFL Watt et al., 2009, Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over
Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaiten, Chile, Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth) 114, B04207
274:
from the volcano suggested that its last previous eruption was in 7420 BC ± 75 years. However, recent studies have found that the volcano is more active than thought. According to the
314:
The Chaitén volcano entered a new eruptive phase for the first time since around 1640 on the morning of May 3, 2008. The
Chilean government began an evacuation of the nearby town of
409:
On May 8, 2008, the government said it would force the last residents from the danger area, but this was later legally challenged by some residents and left to no effect by the
390:
to a height of perhaps 30,000 metres (98,000 ft). The remaining personnel and almost all inhabitants of Chaitén and nearby villages were evacuated, as was
Futaleufú.
291:
that reached a height of 962 metres (3,156 ft), partly devoid of vegetation. Two small lakes occupied the caldera floor on the west and north sides of the lava dome.
1257:
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872:
842:
712:
616:
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1213:
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318:(population 4,200) and the surrounding area the same day, the main phase of which was completed by May 3, 2008. One elderly person died while at sea en route to
1283:
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1209:
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76:
433:. The approximately 160 people that were in Chaitén were strongly urged to leave, and all but 25 people who refused to leave were evacuated that day.
369:
2189:
302:
cultures as a raw material for artifacts and has been found as far away as 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the south and north, for example in
2199:
982:
678:
1450:
1473:
1477:
366:
A team of scientists from the US was dispatched to the area to assess the air quality and the risks from chemicals in the falling ash.
1411:
A Folch et al., 2008, Volcanic ash forecast – application to the May 2008 Chaitén eruption, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 927–940
1360:
1415:
1458:
1008:
458:
This eruption is known as the first major explosive eruption of rhyolite magma in nearly a century, since the 1912 eruption of
652:
2184:
1498:
1265:
281:
The caldera rim reaches 1,122 metres (3,681 ft) above sea level. Before the current eruption, it was mostly filled by a
1380:
1317:
880:
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720:
624:
1034:
2209:
2194:
1442:
69:
119:
2169:
960:
342:
217:
747:"Fallout and distribution of volcanic ash over Argentina following the May 2008 explosive eruption of Chaiten, Chile"
599:
2204:
2179:
1961:
1530:
1426:
M Reich et al., 2009, Formation of cristobalite nanofibers during explosive volcanic eruptions, Geology 37, 435–438
228:
617:"MINISTRO DEL INTERIOR EN CHAITÉN: "ES UN ÉXITO SIN PRECEDENTES HABER EVACUADO EN 24 HORAS A CUATRO MIL PERSONAS""
470:
in the past, these are relatively scarce and there is no historic rhyolitic eruption of the magnitude of Chaitén.
2174:
1848:
1491:
797:
513:
275:
2031:
1410:
1352:
2051:
518:
1713:
467:
410:
210:
193:
1416:
LE Lara, 2009, The 2008 eruption of the Chaitén volcano: a preliminary report, Andean
Geology 36, 125–129
1703:
1663:
1372:
2026:
1971:
541:"Holocene tephrochronology of the southernmost part (42°30'-45°S) of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone"
481:
filled the river bed—the river flooded and buried large parts of the town with volcanic material.
2036:
2006:
1966:
1903:
1888:
1778:
1640:
1514:
1038:
806:
758:
1991:
1595:
335:
986:
690:
250:
3 kilometres (2 mi) in diameter, 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of the elongated ice-capped
2124:
1956:
1683:
776:
595:
267:
473:
413:. Government personnel later returned to attend to livestock and rescue dogs and other animals.
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1908:
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1385:
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1976:
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1555:
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814:
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557:
379:
163:
20:
1946:
1918:
1783:
1605:
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686:
426:
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warned of possible major pyroclastic incidents, and the likelihood of prolonged activity.
387:
351:
159:
2011:
1357:
873:"Informe N°251 06/05/08 Se evacua de manera preventiva totalidad de personas en Chaitén"
810:
762:
393:
44:
The caldera is the circular feature visible in the lower part of the image. The town of
1838:
1763:
1012:
603:
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540:
37:
2134:
2096:
1873:
1813:
1738:
843:"Informe N°252 06/05/08 - Se activan todos los operativos de evacuación en Chaitén"
656:
323:
319:
1437:
902:
2091:
1941:
1808:
1803:
1793:
1733:
1540:
818:
508:
2001:
1833:
1828:
1788:
1758:
1668:
1635:
1630:
1590:
466:. Although there have been rhyolitic eruptions in the southern section of the
315:
255:
155:
45:
961:"Alcalde acusó "irresponsabilidad" de la Suprema por visar regreso a Chaitén"
745:
Watt, S.F.L.; Pyle, D.M.; Mather, T.A.; Martin, R.S.; Matthews, N.E. (2009).
571:
266:. The most recent eruptive phase of the volcano erupted on 2008. Originally,
91:
78:
1951:
1936:
1913:
1878:
1858:
1843:
1698:
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579:
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288:
236:
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1420:
1310:"Informe N° 270 12/05/08 Actividad Volcán Chaitén (Actualiza Información)"
2139:
2076:
2016:
1986:
1893:
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1753:
1748:
1718:
1688:
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1620:
1615:
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771:
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827:
1981:
1898:
1883:
1868:
1773:
1743:
1575:
1570:
1425:
713:"Informe Nª- 248 04/05/08- Actividad Volcánica (Actualiza Información)"
247:
198:
1390:
1061:"Actividad Eruptiva del Volcán Chaitén ha Decaído al Tipo Subpliniano"
48:
is to the top. (This image is aligned roughly southwest, around 220°.)
2056:
1996:
1863:
1798:
1768:
1728:
1708:
1673:
1645:
1451:
Region de los Lagos regional government photographs of the emergency.
478:
463:
443:
271:
59:
1483:
334:, contaminating water supplies, and reportedly coating the town of
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1313:
1261:
876:
846:
716:
620:
472:
403:
392:
368:
359:
341:
263:
227:
181:
167:
383:
373:
The Chaitén
Volcano seen from a commercial flight, October 2008.
1487:
254:
volcano and 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of the town of
2151:
Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south
1353:
Chaiten Volcano Still Active – The Big Picture – Boston.com
16:
Active volcano in Palena Province, Los Lagos Region, Chile
1381:
TerraDaily: Chilean volcano turns Chaiten into ghost town
1236:"19.02.2009 Erupción del Volcán Chaitén Informe Especial"
1143:"Informa Acerca de Actividad Eruptiva del Volcán Chaitén"
1091:"Informa Acerca de Actividad Eruptiva del volcán Chaitén"
1121:"Volcán Chaitén Presentó Aumento de Actividad Eruptiva"
1438:
BBC, November 1, 2008, Alert at smoking Chile volcano
1035:"Carabineros continúa rescate de mascotas en Chaitén"
1009:"Chile Evacuates as Volcano Ash Reaches Buenos Aires"
985:(Press release). Reuters. May 8, 2008. Archived from
679:"One dead as Chilean volcano spews ash for third day"
42:
2003 photograph from the International Space Station.
397:
Image of the ash cloud taken on March 6, 2009. EO-1.
2105:
1927:
1654:
1521:
539:Naranjo, José A; Stern, Charles R (December 2004).
216:
204:
192:
187:
173:
150:
107:
68:
58:
53:
30:
239:of Chaitén Volcano during its 2008-2010 eruption.
983:"Chile gives volcano holdouts ultimatum to flee"
1396:The story of how Chaitén volcano was discovered
1258:"19/02/09 Chaitén: Informe consolidado del día"
298:which had erupted from the volcano was used by
326:from the eruption had spread across Chile and
1499:
1170:
1168:
600:Geoarqueología del sitio arcaico Chan-Chan 18
8:
653:"Evacuations continue in Chile volcano zone"
442:have fallen in some areas, posing a risk of
1348:BBC News: In pictures: Chile volcano erupts
931:"Informa Sobre Erupción del Volcán Chaitén"
646:
644:
642:
322:. By the afternoon of May 3, the plume of
1506:
1492:
1484:
740:
738:
27:
1405:Scientific Papers on the Chaitén eruption
826:
770:
561:
477:Areal view of Chaitén after the volcanic
491:
154:10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast of
1443:Images and videos of current eruption
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
7:
1478:Southern Andean Volcano Observatory
1280:"Informa acerca del Volcán Chaitén"
1264:. February 19, 2009. Archived from
1242:. February 19, 2009. Archived from
1206:"Informa acerca del Volcán Chaitén"
350:from 2008 eruption stretching into
903:"Chile eruption spurs evacuations"
14:
1176:"informa sobre el volcán Chaitén"
655:. Patagonia Times. Archived from
278:, its last eruption was in 2011.
1358:Dagbladet: Vulkanen blir sintere
651:Malinowski, Matt (May 5, 2008).
125:
118:
36:
1212:. June 27, 2008. Archived from
1149:. June 22, 2008. Archived from
1127:. June 13, 2008. Archived from
963:. Cooperativa.cl. July 11, 2008
751:Journal of Geophysical Research
563:10.4067/S0716-02082004000200003
126:
1316:. May 12, 2008. Archived from
1312:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1286:. June 5, 2008. Archived from
1282:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1260:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1238:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1208:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1182:. July 3, 2008. Archived from
1178:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1145:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1123:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1097:. May 22, 2008. Archived from
1093:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1067:. May 26, 2008. Archived from
1063:(Press release) (in Spanish).
933:(Press release) (in Spanish).
875:(Press release) (in Spanish).
845:(Press release) (in Spanish).
715:(Press release) (in Spanish).
619:(Press release) (in Spanish).
1:
2190:Volcanoes of Los Lagos Region
937:. May 6, 2008. Archived from
879:. May 6, 2008. Archived from
849:. May 6, 2008. Archived from
719:. May 4, 2008. Archived from
689:. May 4, 2008. Archived from
623:. May 3, 2008. Archived from
2200:21st-century volcanic events
1391:Chaiten Volcano – John Seach
1386:The Volcanism Blog – Chaitén
386:explosions, and raising the
64:1,122 m (3,681 ft)
819:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.04.014
2226:
604:Revista Geológica de Chile
549:Revista Geológica de Chile
18:
2148:
446:for several communities.
112:
35:
514:Global Volcanism Program
429:province in neighboring
276:Global Volcanism Program
19:Not to be confused with
519:Smithsonian Institution
1928:Southern Volcanic Zone
1714:Andagua volcanic field
1522:Northern Volcanic Zone
1474:Chaitén caldera webcam
1363:March 3, 2016, at the
482:
468:Southern Volcanic Zone
398:
374:
363:
240:
2185:Volcanic crater lakes
2106:Austral Volcanic Zone
2032:Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
1704:Huambo volcanic field
1655:Central Volcanic Zone
1246:on February 25, 2009.
476:
396:
372:
345:
294:The translucent grey
231:
92:42.83722°S 72.64806°W
1641:Licto volcanic field
1216:on December 26, 2008
1186:on December 26, 2008
1153:on December 26, 2008
1101:on December 26, 2008
941:on December 26, 2008
883:on December 26, 2008
853:on December 26, 2008
772:10.1029/2008JB006219
598:and Navarro, Rayen.
97:-42.83722; -72.64806
2210:Lava domes of Chile
2195:South Volcanic Zone
811:2008Tectp.455...14L
763:2009JGRB..11404207W
211:South Volcanic Zone
139:Location of Chaitén
88: /
2170:Mountains of Chile
2027:Carrán-Los Venados
1972:Nevados de Chillán
1957:Descabezado Grande
911:. BBC. May 6, 2008
483:
399:
382:and possibly some
375:
364:
268:radiocarbon dating
241:
54:Highest point
2205:Holocene calderas
2180:Calderas of Chile
2157:
2156:
1967:Nevado de Longaví
1909:Cueros de Purulla
1889:Cordón del Azufre
1551:Nevado del Tolima
1131:on June 17, 2008.
380:pyroclastic flows
260:Gulf of Corcovado
226:
225:
2217:
2175:Active volcanoes
2152:
2022:Mocho-Choshuenco
1556:Nevado del Huila
1515:Andean volcanoes
1508:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1400:
1377:
1369:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1320:on June 16, 2008
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1290:on June 17, 2008
1276:
1270:
1269:
1268:on July 7, 2011.
1254:
1248:
1247:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
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1158:
1139:
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1111:
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1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
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1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
979:
973:
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970:
968:
957:
951:
950:
948:
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927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
899:
893:
892:
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888:
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
839:
833:
832:
830:
791:
785:
784:
774:
742:
733:
732:
730:
728:
723:on June 11, 2008
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
675:
669:
668:
666:
664:
648:
637:
636:
634:
632:
627:on June 11, 2008
613:
607:
594:
590:
584:
583:
565:
545:
536:
530:
529:
527:
525:
505:
177:
164:Los Lagos Region
129:
128:
122:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
40:
28:
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2215:
2214:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2144:
2107:
2101:
1929:
1923:
1919:Ojos del Salado
1849:Aguas Calientes
1656:
1650:
1546:Nevado del Ruiz
1523:
1517:
1512:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1398:
1375:
1367:
1365:Wayback Machine
1339:
1334:
1333:
1323:
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1308:
1307:
1303:
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1291:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1256:
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1234:
1233:
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1219:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
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1166:
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1141:
1140:
1136:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1071:on May 29, 2008
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1033:
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1028:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
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989:on May 11, 2008
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980:
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793:
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706:
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687:Thomson Reuters
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439:
388:eruption column
352:San Jorge Basin
312:
175:
160:Palena Province
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2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
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1969:
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1959:
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1901:
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1846:
1841:
1839:Purico complex
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1513:
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1429:
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2012:Quetrupillán
1874:Llullaillaco
1739:Huaynaputina
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1318:the original
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262:in southern
243:
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222:2008 to 2011
176:Parent range
25:
2108:(49°–55° S)
2092:Mate Grande
1942:Tupungatito
1930:(33°–46° S)
1809:Olca-Paruma
1804:Irruputuncu
1794:Tata Sabaya
1734:Pichu Pichu
1664:Quimsachata
1657:(14°–27° S)
1541:Cerro Bravo
1432:Photography
1373:SERNAGEOMIN
1284:SERNAGEOMIN
1240:SERNAGEOMIN
1210:SERNAGEOMIN
1180:SERNAGEOMIN
1147:SERNAGEOMIN
1125:SERNAGEOMIN
1095:SERNAGEOMIN
1065:SERNAGEOMIN
935:SERNAGEOMIN
596:Pino, Mario
258:, near the
95: /
70:Coordinates
2164:Categories
2052:Hornopirén
2037:Casablanca
2007:Villarrica
2002:Sollipulli
1962:Cerro Azul
1834:Licancabur
1829:Sairecabur
1789:Guallatiri
1779:Parinacota
1759:Purupuruni
1669:Auquihuato
1636:Tungurahua
1631:Chimborazo
1591:Reventador
1566:Doña Juana
757:(B04207).
683:Reuters UK
486:References
83:72°38′53″W
80:42°50′14″S
2072:Corcovado
1992:Lonquimay
1952:Calabozos
1937:Tupungato
1914:Incahuasi
1879:Lastarria
1859:Chiliques
1699:Sabancaya
1679:Sara Sara
1596:Pichincha
1531:Paipa-Iza
1039:La Nación
1013:Bloomberg
572:0716-0208
509:"Chaitén"
460:Novarupta
431:Argentina
348:ash cloud
336:Futaleufú
328:Argentina
304:Chan-Chan
289:lava dome
270:of older
237:lava dome
234:rhyolitic
108:Geography
60:Elevation
2140:Fueguino
2125:Aguilera
2077:Mentolat
1987:Callaqui
1824:Zapaleri
1754:Yucamane
1749:Tutupaca
1719:Chachani
1689:Coropuna
1684:Solimana
1626:Quilotoa
1621:Cotopaxi
1616:Illiniza
1601:Antisana
1361:Archived
1342:Articles
1324:July 10,
1294:July 10,
1220:July 11,
1190:July 11,
1157:July 10,
1105:July 10,
1075:July 10,
1045:July 10,
1019:July 10,
908:BBC News
781:53137424
580:61022562
296:obsidian
286:obsidian
283:rhyolite
151:Location
141:in Chile
2115:Lautaro
2067:Chaitén
2047:Calbuco
1982:Copahue
1899:Peinado
1884:Lazufre
1869:Socompa
1774:Taapaca
1744:Ticsani
1586:Cayambe
1576:Azufral
1571:Galeras
1536:Romeral
1468:Webcams
993:July 9,
945:July 9,
915:May 13,
887:July 9,
857:July 9,
807:Bibcode
759:Bibcode
727:July 9,
697:May 13,
663:May 13,
631:July 9,
606:, 2005.
354:in the
330:to the
316:Chaitén
256:Chaitén
248:caldera
244:Chaitén
199:Caldera
188:Geology
156:Chaitén
133:Chaitén
46:Chaitén
31:Chaitén
2135:Burney
2130:Reclus
2120:Viedma
2097:Hudson
2057:Huequi
2042:Osorno
1997:Llaima
1977:Antuco
1864:Aracar
1854:Lascar
1844:Pacana
1819:Azufre
1799:Isluga
1769:Tacora
1764:Casiri
1729:Ubinas
1709:Ampato
1674:Firura
1646:Sangay
1581:Chiles
1561:Puracé
967:May 2,
779:
578:
570:
524:May 2,
479:tephra
464:Alaska
454:Rarity
444:lahars
437:Damage
427:Chubut
272:tephra
2017:Lanín
1947:Maipo
1894:Galán
1784:Lauca
1724:Misti
1611:Soche
1606:Aliso
1314:ONEMI
1262:ONEMI
877:ONEMI
847:ONEMI
777:S2CID
717:ONEMI
621:ONEMI
544:(PDF)
462:, in
404:OVDAS
360:MODIS
264:Chile
182:Andes
168:Chile
2087:Macá
1326:2008
1296:2008
1222:2008
1192:2008
1159:2008
1107:2008
1077:2008
1047:2008
1021:2008
995:2008
969:2013
947:2008
917:2008
889:2008
859:2008
729:2008
699:2008
665:2008
633:2008
576:OCLC
568:ISSN
526:2018
384:lava
2082:Cay
823:hdl
815:doi
803:455
767:doi
755:114
558:doi
324:ash
2166::
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