Knowledge (XXG)

Chainsaw

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1004:– After clearing the tree's base undergrowth for the retreat path and the felling direction; felling is properly done with three main cuts. To control the fall, the directional cut line should run 1/4 of the tree diameter to make a 45-degree wedge, which should be 90 degrees to the felling direction and perfectly horizontal. The top cut should be made first and then the bottom cut is made to form the directional cut line at the wedge point. A narrow or nonexistent hinge lessens felling direction control. From the opposite side of the wedge, the final felling cut is finished one-tenth of the tree diameter from the direction cut line. The felling cut is made horizontally and slightly (1.5–2 inches; 5.1 cm) above the bottom cut. When the hinge is properly set, the felling cut will begin the fall in the desired direction. A sitback is when a tree moves back opposite the intended direction. Placing a wedge in the felling cut can prevent a sitback from pinching the saw. 690:
consecutive rivets (e.g., 8 mm, 0.325 inch), while the gauge is the thickness of the drive link where it fits into the guide bar (e.g., 1.5 mm, 0.05 inch). The conventional "full complement" chain has one tooth for every two drive links. "Full skip" chain has one tooth for every three drive links. Built into each tooth is a depth gauge or "raker", which rides ahead of the tooth and limits the depth of cut, typically to around 0.5 mm (0.025"). Depth gauges are critical to safe chain operation. If left too high, they cause very slow cutting; if filed too low, the chain becomes more prone to kick back. Low depth gauges also cause the saw to vibrate excessively. Vibration is uncomfortable for the operator and is detrimental to the saw.
998:– This is scouting and planning safe cuts for the felling direction, danger zones, and retreat paths, before starting the saw. The tree's location relative to other objects, support, and tension determines a safe fall, splits off, or if the saw will jam. Several factors to consider are tree lean and bend, wind direction, branch arrangement, snow load, obstacles and damaged, rotting tree parts, which might behave unexpectedly when cut. A tree may have to fall in its natural direction if it is too dangerous or impossible to fell in a desired direction. The aim is for the tree to fall safely for limbing and cross-cutting the log. The goal is to avoid having the tree fall on another tree or obstacle. 753: 641: 299: 1022:– Cross-cutting the felled log into sections. Setup is made to avoid binding the chainsaw within the changing log tensions and compressions. Safe bucking is started at the log high-side and then sections worked offside, toward the butt end. The offside log falls and allows for gravity to help prevent binds. The log's kerf movement while cutting can help to indicate binds. Additional equipment (lifts, bars, wedges, and winches) and special cutting techniques can help prevent binds. 222: 265:
knee and elbow, and Jeffray explained that the chainsaw would allow a smaller wound and protect the adjacent muscles, nerves, and veins. While symphysiotomy had too many complications for most obstetricians, Jeffray's ideas about the excision of the ends of bones became more accepted, especially after the widespread adoption of anaesthetics. For much of the 19th century the chainsaw was a useful surgical instrument, but it was superseded in 1894 by the
913: 5291: 3623: 2919: 1094: 1010:– Working a badly fallen tree that may have become trapped in other trees. Working out maximum tension locations to decide the safest way to release tension, and a winch may be needed in complicated situations. To avoid cutting straight through a tree in tension, one or two cuts at the tension point of sufficient depth to reduce tension may be necessary. After tension releases, cuts are made outside the bend. 451: 543: 43: 315: 801: 5301: 2963: 551: 2403: 5311: 2941: 3569: 855: 140: 323:
frame was granted to Samuel J. Bens of San Francisco on January 17, 1905, his intent being to fell giant redwoods. The first portable chainsaw was developed and patented in 1918 by Canadian millwright James Shand. After he allowed his rights to lapse in 1930, his invention was further developed by what became the German company
954:. These symptoms were very common before vibration dampening using rubber or steel spring was introduced. Heated handles are additional help. Newer, lighter, and easier to wield cordless electric chainsaws use brushless motors, which further decrease noise and vibration compared to traditional petroleum-powered models. 1455: 930:
Protective clothing is designed to protect operators in the event of a moving chain touching their clothing by snarling the chain and sprocket, by using special synthetic fibers woven into the garment. Despite safety features and protective clothing, injuries can still arise from chainsaw use, from
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with a sharp angular or curved corner and two beveled cutting edges, one on the top plate and one on the side plate. Left-handed and right-handed teeth are alternated in the chain. Chains are made in varying pitch and gauge; the pitch of a chain is defined as half of the length spanned by any three
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One of the earliest patents for an "endless chain saw" comprising a chain of links carrying saw teeth was granted to Frederick L. Magaw of Flatlands, New York in 1883, apparently for the purpose of producing boards by stretching the chain between grooved drums. A later patent incorporating a guide
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Chains must be kept sharp to perform well. They become blunt rapidly if they touch soil, metal, or stones. When blunt, they tend to produce powdery sawdust, rather than the longer, clean shavings characteristic of a sharp chain; a sharp saw also needs very little force from the operator to push it
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Some chains have safety features as safety links as on micro chisel saws. These links keep the saw close to the gap between two cutting links and lift the chain when the space at the safety link is full with saw chips, which lifts the chain and lets it cut slower. Nonprofessional chains have less
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The tension of the cutting chain is adjusted so that it neither binds on nor comes loose from the guide bar. The tensioner for doing so is either operated by turning a screw or a manual wheel. The tensioner is either in a lateral position underneath the exhaust or integrated into the clutch cover.
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The oil is pumped from a small pump to a hole in the bar. From there, the lower ends of each chain drive link take a portion of the oil into the gauge towards the bar nose. The pump outlet and bar hole must be aligned. Since the bar is moving out and inwards depending on the chain length, the oil
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A chain catcher is located between the saw body and the clutch cover. In most cases, it resembles a hook made of aluminum. It is used to stop the chain when it derails from the bar and shortens the length of the chain. When derailing, the chain swings from underneath the saw towards the operator.
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of a watch" independently very soon after Park's original 1782 publication, but that he was not able to have it produced until 1790, after which it was used in the anatomy lab and occasionally lent out to surgeons. Park and Moreau described successful excision of diseased joints, particularly the
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Because the material to be cut is not fibrous, much less kickback occurs. So, the most-used method of cutting is plunge-cutting, by pushing the tip of the blade into the material. With this method, square cuts as small as the blade width can be achieved. Pushback can occur if a block shifts when
961:, chaps, and hearing protectors are normally worn while operating them, and many jurisdictions require that operators be certified or licensed to work with chainsaws. Injury can also result if the chain breaks during operation due to poor maintenance or attempting to cut inappropriate materials. 712:
When turning the screw, a hook in a bar hole moves the bar either out (tensioning) or in, making the chain loose. Tension is right when it can be moved easily by hand and not hanging loose from the bar. When tensioning, hold the bar nose up and pull the bar nuts tight. Otherwise, the chain might
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typically 40 to 90 cm (16 to 36 in) in length, is used. An edge slot guides the cutting chain. Specialized, loop-style bars, called bow bars, were also used at one time for bucking logs and clearing brush, although they are now rarely encountered due to increased hazards of operation.
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are used. The centrifugal clutch expands with increasing speed, engaging a drum. On this drum sits either a fixed sprocket or an exchangeable one. The clutch has three jobs: When the engine runs idle (typically 2500-2700 rpm) the chain does not move. When the clutch is engaged and the chain
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Another dangerous situation occurs when heavy timber begins to fall or shift before a cut is complete. The chainsaw operator may be trapped or crushed. Similarly, timber falling in an unplanned direction may harm the operator or other workers, or an operator working at a height may fall or be
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Hydraulic chainsaws can be used to cut wood, concrete, brick and steel if the appropriate chain is used. Underwater cutting may be done in conditions of moving water and low visibility, which can increase risk, and appropriate safety precautions and suitable procedures are required for safety.
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Two-stroke chainsaws require about 2–5% of oil in the fuel to lubricate the engine, while the motor in electrical chain-saws is normally lubricated for life. Most modern gasoline-operated saws today require a fuel mix of 2% (1:50). Gasoline that contains ethanol can result in problems for the
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isolates the chassis from the wheels and road. In cold weather, carburetor icing can occur, so many saws have a vent between the cylinders and carburetor which may be opened to allow hot air to pass. Cold temperature can also contribute to vibration-induced injury, and some saws have a small
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Chainsaws are used for underwater cutting by professional divers. They are usually driven by hydraulic power supplied from the surface and operated by commercial divers using surface-supplied diving equipment. Underwater chainsaw cutting may also be used by public safety divers.
874:, and it is soaked up by sawdust. On two-stroke chainsaws, the chain oil reservoir is usually filled up at the same time as refueling. The reservoir is normally large enough to provide sufficient chain oil between refueling. Lack of chain oil, or using an oil of incorrect 739:
As chainsaw carving has become more popular, manufacturers are making special short, narrow-tipped bars (called "quarter-tipped" "nickel-tipped", or "dime-tipped" bars, based on the size of their tips). Some chainsaws are built specifically for carving applications.
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Lateral tensioners have the advantage that the clutch cover is easier to mount, but the disadvantage that it is more difficult to reach nearby the bar. Tensioners through the clutch cover are easier to operate, but the clutch cover is more difficult to attach.
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A common accident arises from "kickback" when a chain tooth at the tip of the guide bar catches on wood without cutting through it. This throws the bar (with its moving chain) in an upward arc toward the operator, which can cause serious injury or even death.
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Drop starting, or turning on a chainsaw by dropping it with one hand while pulling the starting cord with the other, is a safety violation in most states in the U.S. Keeping both hands on the saw for stability is essential for safe chainsaw use.
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was supervising German prisoners cutting pulpwood in East Texas. Poulan utilized an old truck fender and fashioned it into a curved piece utilized to guide the chain. The "bow guide" now allowed the chainsaw to be utilized by a single operator.
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and reduce user fatigue, saws generally have an anti-vibration system to physically decouple the handles from the engine and bar. This is achieved by constructing the saw in two pieces, connected by springs or rubber in the same way an
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equipment because ethanol dissolves plastic, rubber, and other material. This leads to problems, especially on older equipment. A workaround for this problem is to run fresh fuel only and run the saw dry at the end of the work.
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To allow use in any orientation, modern gas chainsaws use a diaphragm carburetor, which draws fuel from the tank using the alternating pressure differential within the crankcase. Early engines used carburetors with gravity fed
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in 1926. Corded chainsaws became available for sale to the public from the 1960s onwards, but these were never as successful commercially as the older gas-powered type due to limited range, dependency upon the presence of an
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inside the body of the saw. The engine drives the chain around the track by a centrifugal clutch, engaging the chain as engine speed increases under power, but allowing it to stop as the engine speed slows to idle speed.
290:, had links of a chain carrying small cutting teeth with the edges set at an angle; the chain was moved around a guiding blade by turning the handle of a sprocket wheel. As the name implies, this was used to cut bone. 878:, is a common source of damage to chainsaws, and tends to lead to rapid wear of the bar, or the chain seizing or coming off the bar. In addition to being quite thick, chain oil is particularly sticky (due to " 350:
World War II interrupted the supply of German chainsaws to North America, so new manufacturers sprang up, including Industrial Engineering Ltd (IEL) in 1939, the forerunner of Pioneer Saws Ltd and part of
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Chainsaws have almost entirely replaced simple man-powered saws in forestry. They are made in many sizes, from small electric saws intended for home and garden use, to large "lumberjack" saws. Members of
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stops in the wood for another reason, it protects the engine. Most importantly, it protects the operator in case of a kickback. Here, the chain brake stops the drum, and the clutch releases immediately.
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A chain brake activator is located forward of the upper handle and is activated by a kickback event. When triggered, it tensions a band around the clutch drum, stopping the chain within milliseconds.
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A chainsaw comprises an engine, a drive mechanism, a guide bar, a cutting chain, a tensioning mechanism, and safety features. Various safety practices and working techniques are used with chainsaws.
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The end of the saw power head has two oil holes, one on each side. These holes must match with the outlet of the oil pump. The pump sends the oil through the hole in the lower part of the gauge.
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of buildings and monuments for removing parts with minimal damage to the surrounding structure. More recently, concrete chainsaws with electric motors of 230 volts have also been developed.
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Here, one or two bolts from the saw run through. The clutch cover is put on top of the bar and it is secured through these bolts. The number of bolts is determined by the size of the saw.
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Separate chain oil or bar oil is used for the lubrication of the bar and chain on all types of chainsaws. The chain oil is depleted quickly because it tends to be thrown off by chain
339:; the latter patented and developed an electric chainsaw for use on bucking sites in 1926 and a gasoline-powered chainsaw in 1929, and founded a company to mass-produce them. In 1927, 233:
The origin of chainsaws in surgery is debated. A "flexible saw", consisting of a fine serrated link chain held between two wooden handles, was pioneered in the late 18th century (
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in North America started to produce chainsaws in 1948. The early models were heavy, two-person devices with long bars. Often, chainsaws were so heavy that they had wheels like
736:, has taken place over the years. These include chain-brake systems, better chain design, and lighter, more ergonomic saws, including fatigue-reducing antivibration systems. 882:" additives) to reduce the amount thrown off the chain. Although motor oil is a common emergency substitute, it is lost even faster, so leaves the chain under-lubricated. 5345: 205:, for cutting concrete, and cutting ice. Precursors to modern chainsaws were first used in surgery, with patents for wood chainsaws beginning in the late 19th century. 1028:– This is when the chainsaw is at risk or is stuck in the log compression. A log bound chainsaw is unsafe and must be carefully removed to prevent equipment damage. 655:
Solid bars are solid steel, intended for professional use. They commonly have an exchangeable nose, since the sprocket at the bar nose wears out faster than the bar.
509:, such as when moving to a higher/lower altitude or as the air filter clogs. Carburetors are adjusted either by the operator or, in some saws, automatically by an 376:
After World War II, improvements in aluminum and engine design lightened chainsaws to the point where one person could carry them. In some areas, the chainsaw and
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The lower part of the chain runs in the gauge. Here, the lubrication oil is pulled by the chain to the nose. This is basically the thickness of the drive links.
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Underwater wood structures may include bridge pilings, pier, and dock timbers. Chain saws generally include an interlocking safety trigger with hand guard.
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Chainsaws can be modified to suit different use-cases. Pictured is a hedge trimmer attachment fixed to a chainsaw bar, with teeth that catch hedge branches.
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began manufacturing full size chainsaws for cutting logs during the early 2020s. Battery powered chainsaws should eventually see increased market share in
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Seufert, Wolf D. Seufert; Rogers, Fred B.; Risse, Guenter B. (October 1980). Schullian, Dorothy M. (ed.). "The Chain Osteom by Heine". Notes and Events.
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When fastened into a special guide frame, a chainsaw can be used as a portable sawmill to cut bulk wood into planks or boards. Such usage is called a
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Safety bars are laminated bars with a small sprocket at the nose. The small nose reduces the kickback effect. Such bars are used on consumer saws.
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Safe and effective chainsaw and crosscut use on federally administered public lands within the United States has been codified since 2016 in the
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Since the air intake filter tends to clog up with sawdust, it must be cleaned from time to time but is not a problem during normal operation.
269:, which was substantially cheaper to manufacture, and gave a quicker, narrower cut, without risk of breaking and being entrapped in the bone. 3666: 1633: 1606: 2181: 2168: 811: 5304: 1718: 5159: 3379: 2984: 2122:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Current Intelligence Bulletin 38: March 29, 2983. Retrieved December 22, 2008. 3631: 5189: 720:
The underside of each link features a small, metal finger called a "drive link", which locates the chain on the bar, helps to carry
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For most of the early 21st century petrol driven chainsaws remained the most common type, but they faced competition from cordless
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Johnson, Robert Scott; Sippo, Dorothy A.; Swan, Kenneth G. (August 2010). "The Flexible Chain Saw During the American Civil War".
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A clear sign of a blunt chain is the vibrations of the saw. A sharp chain pulls itself into the wood without pressing on the saw.
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and to remove stone dust. The machine is used in construction, for example, in cutting deep, square holes in walls or floors, in
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A precursor of the chainsaw familiar today in the timber industry was another medical instrument developed around 1830, by
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the large forces involved in the work, from the fast-moving, sharp chain, or the vibration and noise of the machinery.
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nearly cut through and pinches the blade, but overall, the machine is less dangerous than a wood-cutting chainsaw.
1134: 475: 501:, which caused the engine to stall when tilted. The carburetor may need to be adjusted to maintain an appropriate 53: 5194: 4332: 3659: 3598: 3419: 3330: 3024: 2949: 2449: 991:
Chainsaw training is designed to provide working technical knowledge and skills to safely operate the equipment.
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driven by a battery or electric power cord. In a petrol chainsaw, fuel is generally supplied to the engine by a
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powered chainsaws from the late 2010s onwards. Although most cordless chainsaws are small and suitable only for
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units are trained to use chainsaws, as are firefighters to fight forest fires and to ventilate structure fires.
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Cases of the Excision of Carious Joints by H. Park and P. F. Moreau, with Observations by James Jeffray, M.D.
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Through this hole, grease is pumped, typically each tank filling to keep the nose sprocket well lubricated.
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Firewood: An Expert Introduction to Equipment, Trees, Harvesting and Understanding This Valuable Resource
894:) are used for applications where the soil is likely to contaminate the cut, such as for cutting through 4337: 4186: 4048: 3960: 3389: 3054: 2994: 487: 1885:"Dose-response relation for vascular disorders induced by vibration in the fingers of forestry workers" 5294: 5199: 5083: 4974: 4468: 4148: 4128: 4068: 3652: 3429: 3424: 3345: 3034: 3029: 2739: 1940:
Gemne, G. (May 1994). "Pathophysiology of white fingers in workers using hand-held vibrating tools".
1831: 1491: 1453:, Frederick L. Magaw, "CHAIN SAWING-MACHINE", published 1883-04-17, issued 1883-04-17 1057:
Chainsaws with specially designed bar-and-chain combinations have been developed as tools for use in
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Three main types of chainsaw sharpeners are used: handheld file, electric chainsaw, and bar-mounted.
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Bovenzi, M.; Franzinelli, A.; Mancini, R.; Cannavà, M. G.; Maiorano, M.; Ceccarelli, F. (Nov 1995).
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Skippen, M; Kirkup, J; Maxton, R M; McDonald, S W (2004). "The Chain Saw - A Scottish Invention".
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and excision of diseased bone, respectively. It was illustrated in the second edition of Aitken's
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Usually, each segment in a chain (which is constructed from riveted metal sections similar to a
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due to state restrictions planned to take effect in 2024 on gas powered gardening equipment.
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This prevents the chain from hitting the operator, which hits the rear handle guard instead.
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Modern chainsaws are typically gasoline or electric and are used in activities such as tree
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Typical of the earliest chainsaws, this gasoline-powered Dolmar saw was operated by two men
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Today's chainsaws have multiple safety features to protect the operator. These include:
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at the intake. Two-stroke engines have been preferred for chainsaws due to their higher
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The risks associated with chainsaw use mean that protective clothing such as
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A rear handle guard protects the hand of the operator when the chain derails.
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Chain Saw and Crosscut Saw Training Course Student's Guidebook 2006 Edition
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Laminated bars consist of different layers to reduce the weight of the bar.
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Saw bar producers provide a large variety of bars matching different saws.
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A guide bar, typically an elongated bar with a round end of wear-resistant
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews
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Park, H.; Moreau, P. F.; Jeffray, James (1806). Jeffray, James (ed.).
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Like other hand-held machinery, the operation of chainsaws can cause
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A user operating a gasoline-powered chainsaw wearing full safety gear
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Consistent improvement to overall chainsaw design, including adding
139: 2146:"The Dangers Of Drop Starting A Chainsaw & Approved Techniques" 5098: 5007: 5002: 4987: 4408: 4199: 4192: 4163: 4143: 4113: 4098: 4058: 4043: 4033: 4018: 4013: 3993: 3970: 3945: 3865: 3289: 3226: 3156: 2691: 2065: 1683:"Become a Landscaping and Lawn Care Pro With These Mini Chainsaws" 1118: 1092: 911: 853: 751: 686: 682: 639: 549: 541: 449: 435: 403: 324: 313: 305: 297: 220: 163: 138: 1567:""Steady Growth, Industry Firsts Noted in Long Pioneer History", 1316:
Translated by Jeffray, James. Glasgow, Scotland: John Scrymgeour.
1034:
Bottom bind – The tension area on log top, compression on bottom.
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gas, especially indoors or in partially enclosed outdoor areas.
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Top bind – The tension area on log bottom, compression on top.
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Hydraulic power may be used for chainsaws for underwater use.
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End bind – Weight compresses the log's entire cross-section.
756:
A chainsaw used to trim the 2016 U.S. Capitol Christmas tree
478:(usually with a cylinder volume of 30 to 120 cm) or an 2132:
Carbon Monoxide Hazards from Small Gasoline Powered Engines
1361:
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care
834: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1129:
for removing large chunks of stone during pre-carving, by
826: 355:, the oldest manufacturer of chainsaws in North America. 830: 964:
Gasoline-powered chainsaws expose operators to harmful
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A cordless 4 inch chainsaw commonly known as a "Ripper"
1409:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
886:
outlet on the saw side has a banana-style long shape.
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International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
2233:
Husqvarna Operator's Manual (115 42 1549 Rev. 6)
1492:"British Columbia's experience with early chain saws" 162:
that cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating
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around the bar, and engages with the engine's drive
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aggressive teeth, by having shallower depth gauges.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 685:takes the form of a folded tab of chromium-plated 2213: 2211: 2209: 1972:"Masters of the Chainsaw - Chainsaw Competitions" 1037:Side bind – Sideways pressure exerted on the log. 583:All guide bars have some elements for operation: 454:The cutting chain seen here features the popular 27:Portable handheld power saw with a rotating chain 240:–1785) by two Scottish doctors, John Aitken and 1397:, Volume 4. Toronto: Dundurn Press. 175. Print. 1101:Special chainsaws can cut concrete, brick, and 2171:Federal Register. Retrieved November 24, 2016. 1296:Principles of Midwifery, or Puerperal Medicine 250:Principles of Midwifery, or Puerperal Medicine 3660: 3457: 3062: 2301: 681:) features small, sharp, cutting teeth. Each 8: 2219:Jonsered Operator's Manual (1153137-95Rev.2) 2101:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 470:Chainsaw engines are traditionally either a 415:risk of the blade's proximity to the cable. 402:The first electric chainsaw was invented by 1598:Now You Know, Volume 4: The Book of Answers 534:elements in the handles and/or carburetor. 4842: 4371: 3895: 3667: 3653: 3645: 3464: 3450: 3442: 3069: 3055: 3047: 2308: 2294: 2286: 1916: 1859: 1343: 1328:"Cases of the Excision of Carious Joints" 127:Learn how and when to remove this message 5346:Habitat management equipment and methods 5175:Building and Wood Workers' International 3584:European Championship in Forestry Skills 2169:Final Directive for National Saw Program 1701:"The 14 Best Electric Chainsaws in 2023" 1133:for gaining access to buildings, and in 1097:A water-cooled chainsaw cutting concrete 977:Final Directive for National Saw Program 1889:Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1415:(4). Oxford University Press: 454–465. 1207: 812:instructions, advice, or how-to content 327:in 1933. The company, now operating as 258:Cases of the Excision of Carious Joints 143:A chainsaw cutting a small wooden board 2011: 1332:Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal 462:A chainsaw consists of several parts: 1539:Reid, Mark Collin (2017). "Timber!". 7: 5310: 2940: 65:adding citations to reliable sources 5300: 5160:American Association of Woodturners 2962: 1793:"Commercial Diving Tools: Part One" 1595:Lennox, Doug (September 16, 2006). 821:so that it is more encyclopedic or 648:Different bar types are available: 2190:. 29 December 2009. Archived from 2144:Saw, Dan | Fire and (2023-04-06). 1663:Hinson, Tamara (October 7, 2021). 1089:Cutting stone, concrete, and brick 25: 5361:Woodworking hand-held power tools 5190:National Wood Carvers Association 2247:"Electric concrete chainsaw 230V" 2235:. 2009-12-29. pp. 27–28, 43. 1942:Nagoya Journal of Medical Science 1395:Now You Know: The Book of Answers 5309: 5299: 5290: 5289: 5165:Architectural Woodwork Institute 3622: 3621: 3604:Axe Throwing World Championships 3567: 2961: 2939: 2918: 2917: 2401: 799: 380:crews have been replaced by the 41: 52:needs additional citations for 5170:British Woodworking Federation 2086:Stihl, Chain Saw Safety Manual 1622:McClain, Troy (May 22, 2013). 1: 5180:Caricature Carvers of America 3589:Lumberjack World Championship 2221:. 2012-03-04. pp. 16–18. 1844:10.1080/10937404.2018.1557576 256:. In 1806, Jeffray published 234: 1976:www.mastersofthechainsaw.com 1172:Chainsaws in popular culture 981:United States Forest Service 604:0.043 in or 1.1 mm 601:0.050 in or 1.3 mm 598:0.058 in or 1.5 mm 595:0.063 in or 1.6 mm 3197:Pruning shears or secateurs 1373:10.1097/ta.0b013e3181e4f297 1109:. They may use gasoline or 939:injured by falling timber. 744:sponsors a carving series. 353:Outboard Marine Corporation 252:(1785) in the context of a 166:driven along a guide bar. 5377: 3594:Southern Forestry Conclave 2018:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 1818:Krajnak, Kristine (2018). 1762:"How to mix 2 stroke fuel" 1490:Wardrop, Jim (June 1976). 1256:10.1177/003693300404900218 1107:embedded with diamond grit 919: 759: 697: 666: 476:internal combustion engine 29: 5285: 5195:Society of Wood Engravers 4374: 3617: 3599:Stihl Timbersports Series 3565: 3364: 2913: 2450:Hemispherical photography 2399: 2059:"Chain Saw Safety Manual" 1638:– via Google Books. 1611:– via Google Books. 1216:"Definition of chain saw" 229:, a medical bone chainsaw 191:wildland fire suppression 155:) is a portable handheld 32:Chainsaw (disambiguation) 3405:Machine and metalworking 3010:Machine and metalworking 2755:Lombard Steam Log Hauler 1601:. Dundurn. p. 175. 1421:10.1093/jhmas/XXXV.4.454 1244:Scottish Medical Journal 1113:power, and the chain is 926:chainsaw safety clothing 922:Chainsaw safety features 762:Chainsaw safety features 620:Grease holes at bar nose 518:vibration induced injury 458:style of cutting blades. 3415:Measuring and alignment 3020:Measuring and alignment 1496:Material Culture Review 511:electronic control unit 286:. This instrument, the 5272:Frameless construction 4353:Wood-plastic composite 2275:"How a Chainsaw Works" 2068:. 1999. Archived from 1098: 944:vibration white finger 917: 863: 757: 645: 555: 547: 459: 319: 311: 303: 267:Gigli twisted-wire saw 230: 144: 2002:"ECHO Carving Series" 1901:10.1136/oem.52.11.722 1521:CA patent 186260A 1330:. Critical Analysis. 1293:Aitken, John (1785). 1096: 1046:Brushing and slashing 915: 862:limbing a downed tree 857: 755: 643: 553: 545: 523:automobile suspension 488:power-to-weight ratio 453: 317: 309: 301: 224: 142: 5200:Timber Framers Guild 4054:Australian Blackwood 3380:Cutting and abrasive 3346:Irrigation sprinkler 2985:Cutting and abrasive 2967:WikiProject Forestry 1451:US patent 279780 1085:or Alaskan sawmill. 694:Tensioning mechanism 61:improve this article 30:For other uses, see 4920:Hammer-headed tenon 4439:Janka hardness test 2510:Aerial firefighting 2034:"Ethanol free fuel" 1944:. 57 Suppl: 87–97. 1836:2018JTEHB..21..320K 1725:. October 14, 2021. 1470:"Endless chain saw" 952:industrial deafness 819:rewrite the content 3781:Japanese carpentry 2850:Hydraulic debarker 2825:Firewood processor 2120:Vibration Syndrome 1982:on 30 October 2016 1707:. October 2, 2023. 1121:, because of high 1099: 987:Working techniques 918: 864: 758: 646: 560:centrifugal clutch 556: 548: 546:Centrifugal clutch 474:gasoline (petrol) 460: 320: 312: 304: 277:precision mechanic 231: 145: 5323: 5322: 5277:Green woodworking 5134:Wood preservation 5062: 5061: 4965:Tongue and groove 4945:Mortise and tenon 4834: 4833: 4532:Warrington hammer 4361: 4360: 4049:African Blackwood 3841:Segmented turning 3642: 3641: 3473:Lumberjack sports 3439: 3438: 3268:Manual or powered 3044: 3043: 2855:Log house moulder 2381:Tree planting bar 2356:Groasis Waterboxx 2188:US Forest Service 2006:ECHO Incorporated 1799:. 26 January 2022 1766:www.husqvarna.com 1741:Los Angeles Times 1723:Popular Mechanics 1705:Popular Mechanics 1689:. March 28, 2023. 1687:Popular Mechanics 1650:"Popular Science" 1635:978-1-4566-1229-0 1608:978-1-4597-1817-3 872:centrifugal force 852: 851: 532:resistive heating 490:and simplicity. 413:health and safety 409:electrical socket 394:military engineer 343:, the founder of 333:Joseph Buford Cox 310:Electric chainsaw 137: 136: 129: 111: 16:(Redirected from 5368: 5313: 5312: 5303: 5302: 5293: 5292: 4843: 4512:Thickness planer 4372: 4166:(lime, basswood) 3896: 3756:Chainsaw carving 3669: 3662: 3655: 3646: 3625: 3624: 3609:Paul Bunyan Days 3571: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3443: 3187:Post hole digger 3071: 3064: 3057: 3048: 2965: 2964: 2943: 2942: 2921: 2920: 2900:Wood-drying kiln 2835:Forestry mulcher 2785:Washington Winch 2687:Portable sawmill 2502:Fire suppression 2405: 2310: 2303: 2296: 2287: 2282: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2258: 2249:. Archived from 2243: 2237: 2236: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2215: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2156: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2095: 2089: 2088:, pp. 12-16 2083: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2063: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2030: 2024: 2023: 2017: 2009: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1978:. Archived from 1968: 1962: 1961: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1920: 1880: 1874: 1873: 1863: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1789: 1776: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1669:Evening Standard 1660: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1640: 1639: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1583: 1582: 1573:. Archived from 1563: 1557: 1556: 1541:Canada's History 1536: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1476: 1466: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1404: 1398: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1307: 1301: 1300: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1212: 1187:Portable sawmill 1131:fire departments 892:tungsten carbide 847: 844: 838: 803: 802: 795: 294:For cutting wood 239: 236: 193:, harvesting of 132: 125: 121: 118: 112: 110: 69: 45: 37: 21: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5341:Gardening tools 5326: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5281: 5267:Frame and panel 5255: 5204: 5148: 5058: 5017:Surface piecing 5012: 4969: 4890:Crown of thorns 4830: 4816:Smoothing plane 4722: 4609: 4551: 4454:Milling machine 4357: 4318:Cross-laminated 4304: 3975: 3885: 3856:Spindle turning 3846:Shingle weaving 3816:Pallet crafting 3709: 3678: 3673: 3643: 3638: 3613: 3572: 3563: 3475: 3470: 3440: 3435: 3434: 3360: 3319: 3263: 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August 1951. 2269: 2268:External links 2266: 2264: 2263: 2238: 2224: 2205: 2194:on 8 June 2017 2173: 2161: 2136: 2124: 2112: 2090: 2078: 2075:on 2010-03-31. 2050: 2025: 1993: 1963: 1932: 1875: 1830:(5): 320–334. 1810: 1797:prodivertc.com 1777: 1753: 1728: 1710: 1692: 1674: 1655: 1641: 1634: 1614: 1607: 1587: 1558: 1531: 1512: 1482: 1461: 1442: 1399: 1393:Lennox, Doug. 1386: 1367:(2): 455–458. 1351: 1319: 1302: 1285: 1234: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1162: 1159: 1146: 1143: 1090: 1087: 1078: 1075: 1063:chainsaw mills 1054: 1051: 1050: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1023: 1017: 1011: 1005: 999: 988: 985: 979:issued by the 959:chainsaw boots 909: 906: 850: 849: 807: 805: 798: 792: 789: 788: 787: 783: 782: 781: 778: 774: 760:Main article: 749: 746: 698:Main article: 695: 692: 677:, but without 667:Main article: 664: 661: 660: 659: 656: 653: 637: 634: 629: 626: 621: 618: 610: 607: 606: 605: 602: 599: 596: 588: 585: 572: 569: 539: 536: 507:air-fuel ratio 499:float chambers 480:electric motor 467: 464: 447: 444: 424:hedge trimming 382:feller buncher 295: 292: 284:Bernhard Heine 218: 215: 213: 210: 203:chainsaw mills 135: 134: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5373: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5316: 5308: 5306: 5298: 5296: 5288: 5287: 5284: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5258: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5216:Chainsaw mill 5214: 5213: 5211: 5207: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153:Organizations 5151: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5109:Steam bending 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5079:French polish 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 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3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3295:Hedge trimmer 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3192:Potting bench 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3112:Daisy grubber 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3052: 3049: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2916: 2915: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2895:Whoopie sling 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2880:Chainsaw mill 2878: 2876: 2875:Stump grinder 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 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1876: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1814: 1811: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1767: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1637: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1618: 1615: 1610: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1591: 1588: 1577:on 2014-04-27 1576: 1572: 1570: 1569:Chain Saw Age 1562: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1535: 1532: 1522: 1516: 1513: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1486: 1483: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1355: 1352: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1306: 1303: 1298: 1297: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1238: 1235: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1211: 1208: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103:natural stone 1095: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1083:chainsaw mill 1076: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1067:ice sculpture 1064: 1060: 1052: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 993: 992: 986: 984: 982: 978: 973: 969: 967: 962: 960: 955: 953: 949: 945: 940: 936: 932: 927: 923: 914: 907: 905: 902: 899: 897: 893: 887: 883: 881: 877: 873: 868: 861: 856: 846: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 814: 813: 808:This section 806: 797: 796: 790: 784: 779: 775: 772: 771: 769: 768: 767: 763: 754: 747: 745: 743: 737: 735: 730: 727: 723: 717: 714: 710: 706: 701: 693: 691: 688: 684: 680: 676: 675:bicycle chain 670: 663:Cutting chain 662: 657: 654: 651: 650: 649: 642: 635: 633: 627: 625: 619: 617: 614: 608: 603: 600: 597: 594: 593: 592: 586: 584: 581: 578: 570: 568: 565: 561: 558:Typically, a 552: 544: 537: 535: 533: 530:connected to 529: 524: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 494: 491: 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3300:Lawn aerator 3244:Watering can 3132:Grass shears 3092:Averruncator 3078:Garden tools 2944: 2922: 2840:Hand compass 2792:Steam donkey 2677:Lumber edger 2662:Crosscut saw 2644: 2607:Log splitter 2532:Fire flapper 2487:Tree caliper 2455:Inclinometer 2440:Cruising rod 2389:(Tuley tube) 2387:Tree shelter 2383:(dibble bar) 2371:Root trainer 2278: 2255:. 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USDA, 2014:cite web 2008:. 2022 . 1870:30583715 1505:April 9, 1429:24625567 1381:20699757 1280:19878683 1272:15209147 1161:See also 1123:friction 948:tinnitus 726:sprocket 713:derail. 564:sprocket 554:Sprocket 371:dragsaws 195:firewood 149:chainsaw 5351:Logging 5315:Commons 5231:Whipsaw 5226:Sawmill 5119:Varnish 5114:Thermal 5089:Lacquer 5024:Binding 4993:Chamfer 4860:Biscuit 4826:Surform 4718:Whipsaw 4688:Keyhole 4673:Fretsaw 4653:Compass 4638:Bucksaw 4628:Bandsaw 4623:Backsaw 4605:Sawbuck 4575:F-clamp 4570:C-clamp 4444:Jointer 4348:Plywood 4300:Zebrano 4240:Ovankol 4205:Meranti 4193:African 4164:Linden 4119:Hickory 4074:Cedrela 4069:Camphor 4064:Bubinga 4059:Boxwood 4039:Bilinga 4024:Avodire 3941:Juniper 3926:Cypress 3801:Luthier 3690:History 3632:players 3542:Hot Saw 3528:Sawing 3514:Limbing 3498:Bucking 3410:Masonry 3400:Kitchen 3177:Pickaxe 3172:Mattock 3167:Machete 3162:Loppers 3127:Grafter 3015:Masonry 3005:Kitchen 2945:Commons 2870:Machete 2780:Skidder 2712:Logging 2702:Whipsaw 2682:Polesaw 2667:Dragsaw 2640:Bucksaw 2635:Bow saw 2597:Hatchet 2558:Pulaski 2361:Mattock 2105:1 April 1958:7708114 1927:8535491 1918:1128352 1861:6415671 1832:Bibcode 1803:2 April 1437:7005321 1345:5711164 1167:Bandsaw 1053:Cutting 1020:Bucking 1014:Limbing 1008:Freeing 1002:Felling 679:rollers 378:skidder 329:Festool 212:History 183:pruning 179:bucking 175:limbing 171:felling 101:scholar 5221:Hewing 4960:Splice 4915:Halved 4910:Groove 4905:Finger 4885:Coping 4870:Bridle 4847:Joints 4728:Planes 4713:Veneer 4703:Scroll 4698:Ripsaw 4683:Jigsaw 4658:Coping 4557:Clamps 4484:Square 4474:Shaper 4469:Router 4449:Mallet 4424:Gimlet 4399:Chisel 4295:Willow 4285:Walnut 4275:Totara 4265:Sapele 4230:Poplar 4215:Padauk 4177:Merbau 4149:Jarrah 4134:Imbuia 4129:Idigbo 4094:Cumaru 4079:Cherry 4004:Anigre 3966:Spruce 3919:Cedrus 3786:Khatam 3741:Caning 3704:lumber 3480:Events 3420:Mining 3390:Garden 3315:Plough 3249:Weeder 3239:Trowel 3222:Sickle 3217:Shovel 3212:Scythe 3207:Riddle 3117:Dibber 3025:Mining 2995:Garden 2890:Tsakat 2797:Yarder 2760:Peavey 2602:Labrys 2552:McLeod 2350:Hoedad 1956:  1948:  1925:  1915:  1907:  1868:  1858:  1850:  1632:  1605:  1551:  1527:  1457:  1435:  1427:  1379:  1342:  1278:  1270:  1262:  1182:Jigsaw 996:Sizeup 908:Safety 860:logger 825:it to 466:Engine 345:Dolmar 274:German 244:, for 103:  96:  89:  82:  74:  5099:Paint 5008:Ovolo 5003:Ogive 4988:Bevel 4955:Scarf 4940:Miter 4708:Table 4693:Miter 4668:Frame 4585:Gripe 4501:Speed 4497:Miter 4429:Gauge 4419:Float 4414:Fence 4409:Drill 4367:Tools 4290:Wenge 4280:Utile 4245:Ramin 4200:Maple 4172:Lovoa 4144:Iroko 4114:Hazel 4099:Ebony 4044:Birch 4034:Beech 4029:Balsa 4019:Aspen 4014:Apple 3994:Alder 3951:Kauri 3946:Larch 3908:Cedar 3891:Woods 3866:Treen 3425:Power 3290:Edger 3227:Spade 3157:Kirpi 3030:Power 2950:tools 2928:tools 2813:Other 2802:swing 2692:Resaw 2515:DC-10 2470:laser 2435:Chain 2320:tools 2073:(PDF) 2066:Stihl 2062:(PDF) 1425:JSTOR 1276:S2CID 1119:water 1117:with 1026:Binds 950:, or 896:roots 833:, or 687:steel 683:tooth 587:Gauge 436:Stihl 404:Stihl 325:Festo 262:chain 164:chain 157:power 108:JSTOR 94:books 5356:Saws 4998:Ogee 4983:Bead 4925:Knee 4895:Dado 4875:Butt 4615:Saws 4527:Vise 4464:Rasp 4389:Adze 4270:Teak 4225:Plum 4220:Pear 3981:Hard 3961:Rimu 3956:Pine 3900:Soft 3700:Wood 3395:Hand 3202:Rake 3147:Homi 3000:Hand 2627:Saws 2591:Froe 2568:Axes 2520:UAVs 2322:and 2200:2011 2107:2014 2045:2018 2020:link 1988:2018 1954:PMID 1946:ISSN 1923:PMID 1905:ISSN 1866:PMID 1848:ISSN 1805:2024 1630:ISBN 1603:ISBN 1549:ISSN 1507:2017 1477:2018 1433:PMID 1377:PMID 1268:PMID 1260:ISSN 1229:2019 1069:and 1061:and 924:and 823:move 742:Echo 562:and 505:and 434:and 426:and 384:and 335:and 279:and 201:and 151:(or 80:news 5124:Wax 5094:Oil 4930:Lap 4865:Box 4633:Bow 4505:Try 4384:Axe 4338:OSB 4333:MDF 4210:Oak 4139:Ipê 4104:Elm 4009:Ash 3971:Yew 3936:Fir 3532:bow 3232:Loy 3142:Hoe 3097:Axe 1913:PMC 1897:doi 1856:PMC 1840:doi 1417:doi 1369:doi 1340:PMC 1252:doi 189:in 160:saw 63:by 5332:: 4503:, 4499:, 4495:, 4491:, 4190:, 3916:, 2277:. 2208:^ 2148:. 2064:. 2036:. 2016:}} 2012:{{ 2004:. 1974:. 1952:. 1921:. 1911:. 1903:. 1893:52 1891:. 1887:. 1864:. 1854:. 1846:. 1838:. 1828:21 1826:. 1822:. 1795:. 1780:^ 1764:. 1739:. 1721:. 1703:. 1685:. 1667:. 1545:97 1543:. 1498:. 1494:. 1431:. 1423:. 1413:35 1411:. 1375:. 1365:69 1363:. 1274:. 1266:. 1258:. 1248:49 1246:. 1218:. 946:, 898:. 829:, 513:. 430:, 388:. 235:c. 181:, 177:, 173:, 147:A 4508:) 4486:( 4196:) 4184:( 3922:) 3910:( 3706:) 3702:( 3668:e 3661:t 3654:v 3465:e 3458:t 3451:v 3070:e 3063:t 3056:v 2334:, 2309:e 2302:t 2295:v 2260:. 2202:. 2158:. 2109:. 2047:. 2022:) 1990:. 1960:. 1929:. 1899:: 1872:. 1842:: 1834:: 1807:. 1774:. 1750:. 1671:. 1584:. 1555:. 1509:. 1500:2 1479:. 1439:. 1419:: 1383:. 1371:: 1348:. 1336:3 1282:. 1254:: 1231:. 845:) 841:( 837:. 815:. 130:) 124:( 119:) 115:( 105:· 98:· 91:· 84:· 57:. 34:. 20:)

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power
saw
chain
felling
limbing
bucking
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firebreaks
wildland fire suppression
firewood
chainsaw art
chainsaw mills

osteotome
James Jeffray
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