515:"Behold this element without whose assistance no mortal being can survive." She also sprinkled water on the breast of the baby while saying, "Receive this celestial water that washes impurity from your heart." She then went to the head and said, "Son, receive this divine water, which must be drank that all may live that it may wash you and wash away all your misfortunes, part of the life since the beginning of the world: this water in truth has a unique power to oppose misfortune." Finally, the midwife washed the entire body of the baby and said, "In which part of you is unhappiness hidden? Or in which part are you hiding? Leave this child, today, he is born again in the healthful waters in which he has been bathed, as mandated by the will of the god of the sea Chalchiutlicue."
333:, Chalchiuhtlicue presided over the Fourth Sun or the fourth creation of the world. It is believed that Chalchiuhtlicue retaliated against Tlaloc's mistreatment of her by releasing 52 years of rain, causing a giant flood which caused the Fourth Sun to be destroyed. She built a bridge linking heaven and earth and those who were in Chalchiuhtlicue's good graces were allowed to traverse it, while others were turned into fish. Following the flood, the Fifth Sun developed. The Fifth Sun is the world which we now occupy. During her reign the Aztecs first began to use maize, which became a paramount staple in their diet and economy.
507:(spirits) of sick children. She also played a central role in the process of childbirth. Mothers and babies often died in the process of childbirth; the role of the midwife was also of utmost importance in the process. During labor, the midwife spoke to the newborn and ask the gods that the baby's birth ensure a prime place among them. After cutting the umbilical cord, the midwife washed the new baby with customary greetings to Chalchiutlicue. Four days after the birth, the child was given a second bath and a name.
421:
41:
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222:
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and
Omecioatl who realm in the ninth and tenth heavens, have begotten you in this light and brought you into this world full of calamity and pain take then this water, which will protect you life, in the name of the goddess Chalchiutlicue." She then sprinkled water at the head of the child and said,
324:
According to myths, Chalchiuhtlicue once ate the sun and the moon. She is often associated with serpents, as most Aztec water deities are. It is thought that her association with water and fertility speaks to the Aztecs' association with the womb and water. She often withheld a dual role in Aztec
343:
Chalchiuhtlicue was often depicted as "a river, out of which grew a prickly pear cactus laden with fruit, which symbolized the human heart." (Schwartz 2018, 14). She was believed to be the personification of youth, beauty, and zeal, although she should not be confused with
448:(page 5), Chalchihuitlicue wears an elaborate blue and white headdress. She sits on a red stool and a stream of water flows out from the bottom of her stool. A male baby and female baby, who are depicted as if swimming, are carried in the water.
404:
In the mid-19th century, archaeologists unearthed a 20-ton monolithic sculpture depicting a water goddess that is believed to be
Chalchiuhtlicue from underneath The Pyramid of the Moon. The sculpture was excavated from the plaza forecourt of the
440:
seeds. Large round tassels fall from either side of the headdress. Chalchihuitlicue typically wears a shawl adorned with tassels and a skirt. She is often depicted sitting with a stream of water flowing out of or from behind her skirt.
306:, depending on the text. Tlaloc and Chalchiuitlicue share similar attributes as they are both water deities; however, Chalchiuitlicue was often associated with groundwater, unlike Tlaloc. She was also the mother of the Aztec moon god
348:(also known as Ixucuina or Tlaelquani), who was the Aztec goddess of midwives, steam baths, purification, sin, and was the patroness of adulterers. Although the two goddesses often overlapped, they were distinct from one another.
455:(page 65), Chalchihuitlicue sits on a red throne and a river flows outwards from behind her body. Two figures stand in the water and Chalchihuitlicue gesticulates out towards them. She wears an elaborate yellow headdress.
259:
deity of water, rivers, seas, streams, storms, and baptism. Chalchiuhtlicue is associated with fertility, and she is the patroness of childbirth. Chalchiuhtlicue was highly revered in Aztec culture at the time of the
339:
In addition to water-related deaths, Chalchiuhtlicue presided over birth rituals, bathing of sacrificial victims and ceremonial actors, judiciary purification, royal investiture, and the recycling of ritual waste.
401:(ca. 200–600 CE). The pyramid is thought to have been at one point dedicated to Chalchiutlicue. It accompanies The Pyramid of the Sun, which is thought to have been dedicated to Chalchiutlicue's husband Tlaloc.
467:
were dedicated to
Chalchiutlicue and her husband (or brother) Tlaloc. During these celebrations, priests dove into a lake and imitated the movements and the croaking of frogs, hoping to bring rain.
489:
A series of ritualistic ceremonies were performed and dedicated to
Chalchiuhtlicue and other childbirth/water deities called Atlcahualo. These ceremonies would last the entire month of February.
794:
336:
Chalchiutlicue was associated with the many fasciates of water as well as being credited with being involved with the death of those who died in drowning accidents.
1976:
1018:
2191:
879:"Water Deity (Chalchihuitlicue) [Mexico; Aztec] (00.5.72) | Object Page | Timeline of Art History | the Metropolitan Museum of Art"
283:
Chalchiuitlicue directly translates to "Jade her skirt"; however, her name is most commonly interpreted as "she of the jade skirt." She was also known as
1399:
1306:
1966:
857:
And sometimes she sank men in the water; she drowned them. The water was restless: the waves roared; they dashed and resounded. The water was wild.
271:
realm of central Mexico. Chalchiuhtlicue belongs to a larger group of Aztec rain gods, and she is closely related to another Aztec water god called
2196:
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777:
261:
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Chalchiutlicue was the guardian of the children and newborns. When children fell ill, healers called on the goddess as they practiced
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486:. She is associated with the fertility of both people and land, and the Aztecs asked Chalchiutlicue for a good harvest of crops.
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683:. Anderson, Arthur J. O., Dibble, Charles E. (2nd, rev ed.). Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research. p. 6.
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387:(plate 11). When represented through sculpture, Chalchiutlicue is often carved from green stone in accordance with her name.
1299:
959:
2307:
1168:
1072:
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1118:
666:, written 1574-1576 and published in English translation (Durán 1971: 261), as cited by Read & González 2002: 141.
2041:
2001:
1278:
1198:
Handbook of
Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
436:
Chalchihuitlicue wears a distinctive headdress, which consists of several broad, likely cotton bands trimmed with
2211:
2086:
2081:
1239:
437:
225:
Chalchiuhtlicue, unknown Aztec artist, 1200–1521, gray basalt, red ochre. Minneapolis
Institute of Arts, 2009.33
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2312:
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1013:(1992). "Icons and Ideologies at Teotihuacan: The Great Goddess Reconsidered". In Janet Catherine Berlo (ed.).
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255:"skirt") (also spelled Chalciuhtlicue, Chalchiuhcueye, or Chalcihuitlicue) ("She of the Jade Skirt") is an
2161:
296:
1337:
2241:
1055:. Civilization of the American Indian series, no. 102. Translated and edited by Fernando Horcasitas and
1010:
524:
2126:
1776:
1128:
The Gods and
Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion
796:
Mesoamerican
Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America
420:
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1971:
1946:
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992:
Florentine Codex: general history of the things of New Spain, Book 6: Rhetoric and Moral
Philosophy
770:
Maternal Death and
Pregnancy-Related Morbidity Among Indigenous Women of Mexico and Central America
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2011:
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Art, Ideology, and the City of Teotihuacan: A Symposium at Dumbarton Oaks, 8 and 9 October 1988
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321:. Chalchiutlicue brings fertility to crops and is thought to protect women and children.
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151:
728:"The Rules of Construction of an Aztec Deity: Chalchiuhtlicue, The Goddess of Water"
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In Aztec religion, Chalchiuitlicue helps Tlaloc to rule the paradisial kingdom of
368:
Chalchiutlicue is depicted in several central Mexican manuscripts, including the
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2006:
1941:
1877:
1852:
1791:
1755:
1735:
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116:
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is a large pyramid located in Teotihuacán, the dominant political power in the
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1872:
1862:
1847:
1816:
1796:
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1555:
1384:
1229:
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681:
Florentine Codex: General history of the things of New Spain: Book I, the Gods
511:
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292:
221:
130:
698:
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to Mexico City in 1889, where it is presently in the collection of the
1745:
1665:
303:
170:
106:
1284:
575:(in Spanish). Editorial Porrúa. pp. 567, 568, 569, 570, 571.
419:
355:
220:
134:
126:
16:
Aztec goddess of water, rivers, seas, streams, storms, and baptism
510:
As reported by Sahagún's informants, the midwife said, "The gods
1705:
302:
Chalchiuitlicue was the wife or sister of the Aztec god of rain
1288:
1097:
Olivier, Guilhem, and Susan Romanosky. "Chalchiuhtlicue." In
961:
The Mexican Treasury: The Writings of Dr. Francisco Hernández
930:
Olivier, Guilhem, and Susan Romanosky. "Chalchiuhtlicue." In
958:
Hernández, Francisco; Varey, Simon; Chabrán, Rafael (2000).
424:
Statue of Chalchiuhtlicue (or other water goddess) from the
325:
mythology as both a life-giver and life-ender. In the Aztec
187:(Nappatecuhtli, Tomiyauhtecuhtli, Opochtli, Yauhtli) and
1107:. Vol 1. New York : Oxford University Press, 2001.
287:(chalchihu-tla-tona-c) "She who shines like jade" and
1238:(4th University of Texas printing ed.). Austin:
772:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 11–33.
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
295:, an indigenous group who inhabited the republic of
28:
Goddess of water, mistress of lakes, rivers and seas
1934:
1906:
1830:
1764:
1398:
1356:
1322:
793:Read, Kay Almere; Gonzalez, Jason J. (2002-06-13).
600:(in Spanish). Editorial Porrúa. pp. 206, 207.
209:
204:
176:
166:
158:
146:
141:
122:
112:
102:
66:
58:
21:
1195:
1104:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
941:Vol 1. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
937:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
566:
564:
562:
560:
711:Miller & Taube 1993: 60; Taube 1993: 32–35.
264:, and she was an important deity figure in the
1019:Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
1300:
625:(in Spanish). Editorial Porrúa. p. 351.
364:, page 65. Chalchiuhtlicue pictured at right.
8:
1194:Read, Kay Almere; Jason J. González (2002).
721:
719:
717:
482:. Her feast is celebrated in the ventena of
994:. School of American Research. p. 175.
662:. "Universally revered" is quoted from his
1307:
1293:
1285:
1167:. foreword by Enrique Florescano. Norman:
409:structure. The sculpture was relocated by
743:
314:, who was a senior deity for the Aztecs.
2192:Romances de los señores de Nueva España
845:. University of Utah Press. p. 6.
556:
463:Five of the 20 big celebrations in the
868:Berlo 1992: 138; Pasztory 1997: 87–89.
310:. In other texts, she was the wife of
250:
241:
232:
18:
985:
983:
981:
836:
834:
470:Chalchiutlicue presides over the day
375:(plates 11 and 65), the 16th century
291:"Possessor of the Blue Skirt" by the
7:
1164:Teotihuacan: An Experiment in Living
674:
672:
62:Iztac-Chalchiuhtlicue, Matlalcueye
14:
2087:Lienzo de Coixtlahuaca I & II
1332:: Ometēcuthli and Omecihuātl (or
1071:, 1st English ed.). Norman:
645:Read & González 2002: 140–142
1347:
1272:
39:
2262:Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I
2142:Oztoticpac Lands Map of Texcoco
2092:Lienzo de Santa María Nativitas
990:Sahagún, Bernardino de (1970).
841:Sahagun, Bernardino de (1970).
679:Sahagún, Bernardino de (1970).
2102:Lienzo de Zacatepec I & II
654:According to the 16th-century
623:Diccionario de Mitología Nahoa
598:Diccionario de Mitología Nahoa
573:Diccionario de Mitología Nahoa
415:Museo Nacional de Antropología
234:[t͡ʃaːɬt͡ʃiwˈt͡ɬikʷeː]
1:
964:. Stanford University Press.
2298:Aztec mythology and religion
1169:University of Oklahoma Press
1073:University of Oklahoma Press
2237:Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca
2097:Lienzo de Santiago Ihuitlan
1065:Libro de los dioses y ritos
1049:Book of the Gods and Rites
819:Miller & Taube 1993: 60
768:Schwartz, David A. (2018).
379:(page 5), the 16th century
2341:
2197:Codex Santa Maria Asunción
1977:Boban Aztec Calendar Wheel
732:Cambridge University Press
664:Book of the Gods and Rites
621:Cecilio A. Robelo (1905).
596:Cecilio A. Robelo (1905).
571:Cecilio A. Robelo (1905).
243:[t͡ʃaːɬˈt͡ʃiwit͡ɬ]
2323:Sky and weather goddesses
2212:Codex Telleriano-Remensis
2002:Mapas de Cuauhtinchan 1-4
1972:Codices Becker I & II
1345:
1240:University of Texas Press
745:10.1017/S0956536118000056
726:Dehouve, Danièle (2020).
33:
26:
2152:Plano en papel de maguey
1962:Codices Azoyú I & II
799:. OUP USA. p. 142.
2303:Sea and river goddesses
1947:Aubin Manuscript no. 20
1204:Oxford University Press
1202:. Oxford and New York:
391:The Pyramid of the Moon
2082:Lienzo Antonio de León
1011:Berlo, Janet Catherine
432:Visual representations
428:
395:central Mexican region
365:
352:Archaeological records
279:Religious significance
226:
197:(Leyenda de los Soles)
50:Chalchiutlicue in the
2242:Codex Totomixtlahuaca
2182:Relación de Michoacán
2132:Códice Maya de México
2117:Matrícula de Tributos
2042:Codex Fejérváry-Mayer
1487:Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
1069:El calendario antiguo
1059:, with a Foreword by
525:List of water deities
501:in order to find the
423:
359:
224:
89:Chalchiuhtlicueyecatl
2272:Codex Zouche-Nuttall
2222:Anales de Tlatelolco
2112:Codex Magliabechiano
1362:(Four Tezcatlipocas)
1281:at Wikimedia Commons
1235:Aztec and Maya Myths
1061:Miguel León-Portilla
1053:The Ancient Calendar
1021:. pp. 129–168.
1017:. Washington, D.C.:
399:Early Classic period
2308:Childhood goddesses
2162:Codex Porfirio Díaz
2157:Primeros Memoriales
2072:Codex Ixtlilxochitl
2067:Humboldt fragment 1
2057:Códice de Huichapan
1967:Badianus Manuscript
1921:The Stinking Corpse
1133:Thames & Hudson
426:Pyramid of the Moon
407:Pyramid of the Moon
383:(page 17), and the
360:Chalchiuhtlicue in
2127:Crónica Mexicayotl
2012:Codex Chimalpopoca
1601:Itzpapalotlcihuatl
1581:Huitztlampaehecatl
1442:Tezcatlipoca (see
1408:Lords of the Night
429:
366:
252:[kʷeːit͡ɬ]
227:
2280:
2279:
2257:Codex Vaticanus B
2217:Tira de Tepechpan
2062:Codex Huexotzinco
2007:Codex Chimalpahin
1926:Use of entheogens
1893:Tlillan-Tlapallan
1787:Centzon Tōtōchtin
1782:Centzonhuītznāhua
1508:Acuecueyotl (see
1363:
1277:Media related to
971:978-0-8047-3963-4
828:Taube 1993: 34–35
779:978-3-319-71537-7
459:Rites and rituals
285:Chalchiuhtlatonac
273:Chalchiuhtlatonal
219:
218:
183:With Tlaloc: the
154:(Codex Zumarraga)
2330:
2227:Codex Tlatelolco
2047:Codex Florentine
1987:Codex Borbonicus
1957:Codex Azcatitlan
1952:Aubin Tonalamatl
1883:Thirteen Heavens
1646:Mictlanpachecatl
1606:Itzpapalotltotec
1526:Chalchiuhtotolin
1467:Lords of the Day
1361:
1351:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1286:
1276:
1261:
1225:
1201:
1190:
1159:Pasztory, Esther
1154:
1094:
1063:(translation of
1040:
996:
995:
987:
976:
975:
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949:
928:
922:
921:
914:
908:
907:
904:Codex Borbonicus
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
881:. Archived from
875:
869:
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843:Florentine Codex
838:
829:
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568:
446:Codex Borbonicus
385:Florentine Codex
377:Codex Borbonicus
262:Spanish conquest
254:
245:
236:
210:Greek equivalent
195:Centzon Mimixcoa
79:Ilhuicatl-Meztli
52:Codex Borbonicus
43:
19:
2340:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2318:Snake goddesses
2313:Water goddesses
2293:Aztec goddesses
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2122:Codex Mexicanus
2052:Codex Huamantla
2027:Codex Cozcatzin
2017:Codex Colombino
1930:
1908:
1902:
1826:
1777:Centzonmīmixcōa
1760:
1611:Itztlacoliuhqui
1510:Chalchiuhtlicue
1433:Piltzintecuhtli
1418:Chalchiuhtlicue
1394:
1370:Huītzilōpōchtli
1360:
1352:
1343:
1318:
1316:Aztec mythology
1313:
1279:Chalchiuhtlicue
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1264:
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1228:
1214:
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1179:
1157:
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979:
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929:
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656:Dominican friar
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521:
495:
461:
434:
411:Leopoldo Batres
354:
281:
230:Chalchiuhtlicue
200:
193:With Tonatiuh:
150:Created by the
98:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
29:
22:Chalchiuhtlicue
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2252:Anales de Tula
2249:
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2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
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2199:
2194:
2189:
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2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:Mapa Quinatzin
2164:
2159:
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2119:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1997:Codex Boturini
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
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1858:Huēyi Teōcalli
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1477:Mictēcacihuātl
1474:
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1428:Mictlāntēcutli
1425:
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1334:Tōnacātēcuhtli
1326:
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1304:
1297:
1289:
1283:
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1268:
1267:External links
1265:
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1230:Taube, Karl A.
1226:
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1099:Davíd Carrasco
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484:Etzalqualiztli
465:Aztec calendar
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2207:Mapa Sigüenza
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2172:Codex Ramírez
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2032:Codex Dresden
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
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2003:
2000:
1998:
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1807:Ehecatotontli
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1624:
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1621:Macuiltochtli
1619:
1617:
1614:
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1609:
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1602:
1599:
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1591:Ilamatecuhtli
1589:
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1586:Huixtocihuatl
1584:
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1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
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1551:Cihuatecayotl
1549:
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1504:Acolnahuacatl
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1338:Tōnacācihuātl
1335:
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1317:
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1249:0-292-78130-X
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1215:
1213:0-19-514909-2
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1178:0-292-76597-5
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1142:0-500-05068-6
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1114:
1113:9780195188431
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1082:0-8061-0889-4
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1028:0-88402-205-6
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978:
973:
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948:
947:9780195188431
944:
940:
938:
933:
927:
924:
920:. p. 65.
919:
913:
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905:
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885:on 2007-03-15
884:
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806:9780195149098
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690:9780874800005
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632:970-07-3149-9
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582:970-07-3149-9
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531:
530:Creation myth
528:
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370:Pre-Columbian
363:
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327:creation myth
322:
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189:Huixtocihuatl
186:
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152:Tezcatlipocas
149:
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72:
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69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
42:
32:
25:
20:
2267:Codex Xolotl
2247:Codex Tudela
2232:Mapa Tloztin
2107:Codex Madrid
1992:Codex Borgia
1982:Codex Bodley
1907:Beliefs and
1866:
1822:Xiuhtotontli
1751:Yacatecuhtli
1731:Xōchiquetzal
1691:Tlacotzontli
1681:Temazcalteci
1676:Tēcciztēcatl
1576:Huēhuecoyōtl
1566:Coyolxāuhqui
1536:Chicomecōātl
1509:
1492:Tlaltecuhtli
1460:Xiuhtecuhtli
1444:Creator gods
1443:
1417:
1380:Tezcatlipoca
1375:Quetzalcoatl
1358:Creator gods
1234:
1197:
1163:
1127:
1119:Miller, Mary
1103:
1068:
1064:
1057:Doris Heyden
1052:
1048:
1045:Durán, Diego
1014:
1003:Bibliography
991:
960:
953:
936:
926:
918:Codex Borgia
917:
912:
906:. p. 5.
903:
898:
887:. Retrieved
883:the original
873:
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842:
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815:
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769:
735:
731:
707:
680:
663:
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641:
622:
616:
597:
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572:
540:Chicomecoatl
535:Codex Borgia
509:
502:
496:
488:
483:
479:
471:
469:
462:
453:Codex Borgia
450:
443:
435:
403:
389:
373:Codex Borgia
367:
362:Codex Borgia
342:
338:
335:
323:
316:
312:Xiuhtecuhtli
308:Tecciztecatl
301:
288:
284:
282:
247:
239:chālchihuitl
238:
229:
228:
123:Ethnic group
2202:Selden Roll
2177:Codex Reese
2147:Paris Codex
2137:Codex Osuna
2037:Codex Durán
2022:Codex Cospi
1942:Aubin Codex
1878:Teotihuacan
1853:Chicomoztoc
1812:Tiānquiztli
1756:Zacatzontli
1736:Xochitlicue
1696:Tlalocayotl
1686:Tepoztēcatl
1596:Ītzpāpālōtl
1482:Nanahuatzin
1455:Tlazōlteōtl
1438:Tepēyōllōtl
1323:Primordials
660:Diego Durán
397:during the
346:Tlazolteotl
289:Matlalcueye
266:Postclassic
246:"jade" and
205:Equivalents
117:Mesoamerica
59:Other names
2287:Categories
2187:Codex Ríos
2077:Codex Laud
1873:Tamoanchan
1867:Underworld
1848:Cemanahuac
1817:Tzitzimitl
1797:Cihuateteo
1772:Ahuiateteo
1726:Xōchipilli
1556:Cipactonal
1546:Cihuacōātl
1472:Citlālicue
1385:Xipe Totec
1131:. London:
1123:Karl Taube
889:2008-05-31
852:0874800005
551:References
512:Ometecutli
499:hydromancy
493:Childbirth
381:Codex Ríos
293:Tlaxcalans
131:Tlaxcaltec
83:1st Heaven
1916:Five Suns
1802:Civateteo
1716:Tonantzin
1711:Toltecatl
1616:Ixtlilton
1561:Cōātlīcue
1047:(1971) .
699:877854386
472:5 Serpent
331:Five Suns
142:Genealogy
1909:practice
1888:Tlālōcān
1792:Cintēteo
1671:Patecatl
1656:Opochtli
1651:Mixcoatl
1636:Mayahuel
1541:Chīmalmā
1531:Chantico
1521:Atlacoya
1497:Tōnatiuh
1423:Cinteotl
1413:Centeōtl
1389:Camaxtle
1330:Ōmeteōtl
1258:29124568
1232:(1993).
1222:77857686
1187:56405008
1161:(1997).
1151:27667317
1125:(1993).
1037:25547129
738:: 7–28.
519:See also
474:and the
438:amaranth
319:Tlalocan
297:Tlaxcala
214:Poseidon
185:Tlaloque
177:Children
159:Siblings
74:Tlalocan
1935:Codices
1863:Mictlān
1838:Anahuac
1721:Xilonen
1701:Tlilhua
1661:Oxomoco
1641:Metztli
1571:Ehecatl
1516:Atlahua
1400:Deities
504:tonalli
476:trecena
451:In the
444:In the
329:of the
167:Consort
147:Parents
1898:Tōllān
1843:Aztlán
1831:Places
1765:Groups
1746:Xolotl
1741:Xocotl
1666:Painal
1450:Tláloc
1256:
1246:
1220:
1210:
1185:
1175:
1149:
1139:
1111:
1101:(ed).
1091:149976
1089:
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1025:
968:
945:
934:(ed).
849:
803:
776:
697:
687:
629:
604:
579:
480:1 Reed
304:Tlaloc
248:cuēitl
237:(from
171:Tlaloc
113:Region
107:Female
103:Gender
1865:(The
269:Aztec
257:Aztec
135:Nahua
127:Aztec
67:Abode
1706:Toci
1387:(or
1336:and
1254:OCLC
1244:ISBN
1218:OCLC
1208:ISBN
1183:OCLC
1173:ISBN
1147:OCLC
1137:ISBN
1109:ISBN
1087:OCLC
1077:ISBN
1067:and
1033:OCLC
1023:ISBN
966:ISBN
943:ISBN
847:ISBN
801:ISBN
774:ISBN
695:OCLC
685:ISBN
627:ISBN
602:ISBN
577:ISBN
162:None
1051:and
740:doi
478:of
2289::
1252:.
1242:.
1216:.
1206:.
1181:.
1171:.
1145:.
1135:.
1121:;
1085:.
1075:.
1031:.
980:^
855:.
833:^
754:^
736:31
734:.
730:.
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671:^
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299:.
275:.
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1340:)
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1301:t
1294:v
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939:.
892:.
809:.
782:.
748:.
742::
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635:.
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137:)
133:(
95:)
91:(
85:)
81:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
