Osteopathy - Knowledge (XXG)

1735:, which is inhibited during treatment by applying a position of mild strain in the direction exactly opposite to that of the reflex. After a counterstrain point tender to palpation has been diagnosed, the identified tender point is treated by the osteopathic physician who, while monitoring the tender point, positions the patient such that the point is no longer tender to palpation. This position is held for ninety seconds and the patient is subsequently returned to their normal posture. Most often this position of ease is usually achieved by shortening the muscle of interest. Improvement or resolution of the tenderness at the identified counterstrain point is the desired outcome. The use of counterstrain technique is contraindicated in patients with severe osteoporosis, pathology of the 2386:(GOsC) regulates the practice of osteopathy under the terms of the Act. Under British law, an osteopath must be registered with the GOsC to practice in the United Kingdom. More than 5,300 osteopaths were registered in the UK as of 2021. The General Osteopathic Council has a statutory duty to promote, develop and regulate the profession of osteopathy in the UK. Its duty is to protect the interests of the public by ensuring that all osteopaths maintain high standards of safety, competence and professional conduct throughout their professional lives. In order to be registered with the General Osteopathic Council an osteopath must hold a recognized qualification that meets the standards as set out by law in the GOsC's Standard of Practice. 1515:

in the medical marketplace, with both practitioners attempting to discredit the other. The osteopathic physicians—those who are now referred to as DO's—argued that the non-osteopathic physicians had an overly mechanistic approach to treating patients, treated the symptoms of disease instead of the original causes, and were blind to the harm they were causing their patients. Other practitioners had a similar argument, labeling osteopathic medicine as unfounded, passive, and dangerous to a disease-afflicted patient. This was the medical environment that pervaded throughout the 19th century, and the setting Still entered when he began developing his idea of osteopathy.

2379:. After many years of existing outside the mainstream of health care provision, the osteopathic profession in the UK was accorded formal recognition by Parliament in 1993 by the Osteopaths Act. This legislation now provides the profession of osteopathy the same legal framework of statutory self-regulation as other healthcare professions such as medicine and dentistry. This Act provides for "protection of title". A person who expressly or implicitly describes themself as an osteopath, osteopathic practitioner, osteopathic physician, osteopathist, osteotherapist, or any kind of osteopath is guilty of an offence unless they are registered as an osteopath. 2051:. The two groups are so distinct that in practice they function as separate professions. The regulation of non-physician manual medicine osteopaths varies greatly between jurisdictions. In Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Switzerland, the UAE and the UK, non-physician manual medicine osteopaths are regulated by statute; their practice of osteopathy requires registration with the relevant regulatory authority. The Osteopathic International Alliance (OIA) publishes a country guide that details registration and practice rights, while the International Osteopathic Association maintains a list of all accredited osteopathic colleges. 65: 1988:. The article attracted a letter from the law firm representing the AOA accusing Barrett of libel and demanding an apology to avert legal action. In response, Barrett made some slight modifications to his text, while maintaining its overall stance; he queried the AOA's reference to "the body's natural tendency toward good health", and challenged them to "provide with adequate scientific evidence showing how this belief has been tested and demonstrated to be true." Barrett has been quoted as saying, "the pseudoscience within osteopathy can't compete with the science". 2235:

Eastern and North African countries, including Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and Oman. In December 2007 the first Workshop on Global osteopathic approach was held at the Nasser Institute Hospital for Research and Treatment, sponsored by the Faculty of Physical Therapy, University of Cairo, Egypt. On 6 August 2010, the Egyptian Osteopathic Society (OsteoEgypt) was founded. OsteoEgypt promotes a two-tier model of osteopathy in Egypt and the Middle East. The event was timed to coincide with the birthday of A.T. Still.

1550:. In the early 20th century, osteopaths across the United States sought to establish law that would legitimize their medical degree to the standard of the modern medic. The processes were arduous, and not without conflict. In some states, it took years for the bills to be passed. Osteopaths were often ridiculed and in some cases arrested, but in each state, osteopaths managed to achieve the legal acknowledgement and action they set out to pursue. In 1898 the American Institute of Osteopathy started the 1432: 1535:, Still began practicing manipulative procedures that intended to restore harmony in the body. Over the course of the next twenty five years, Still attracted support for his medical philosophy that disapproved of orthodox medicine, and shaped his philosophy for osteopathy. Components included the idea that structure and function are interrelated and the importance of each piece of the body in the harmonious function of its whole. 1902:

treatment for pneumonia in adults." Techniques investigated in the study included paraspinal inhibition, rib raising, and myofascial release. The review found that OMT did not reduce mortality and did not increase cure rate, but that OMT slightly reduced the duration of hospital stay and antibiotic use. A 2013 systematic review of the use of OMT for treating pediatric conditions concluded that its effectiveness was unproven.

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medical professions. In 2011, the former Belgian Minister Onkelinx set up the Chambers for Non-Conventional Medicines and the Joint Commission provided for in the "Colla-law" (1999). Their goal was to discuss and reach an agreement between the various medical professions to rule on these practices. In February 2014, only one practice, homeopathy, received its recognition. The others, including osteopathy, remain unresolved.

1498:, that the body's natural state tends toward health and inherently contains the capacity to battle any illness. This was opposed to orthodox practitioners, who held that intervention by a physician was necessary to restore health in the patient. Still established the basis for osteopathy, and the division between alternative medicine and traditional medicine had already been a major conflict for decades. 146: 2080: 2173:

estimated that there are over 1,300 osteopathic manual practitioners in Canada, most of whom practice in Quebec and Ontario. Some sources indicate that there are between 1,000 and 1,200 osteopaths practicing in the province of Quebec, and although this number might seem quite elevated, many osteopathy clinics are adding patients on waiting lists due to a shortage of osteopaths in the province.

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of evaluating new training programs offered by the university, had judged that the program had its place at Université Laval before receiving the unfavourable support decision from the faculty of medicine. Had the program been implemented, Université Laval would have been the first university institution in Quebec to offer a professional program in osteopathy as a manual therapy.

1969:, Jordan J. Cohen, pinpointed OMT as a defining difference between MDs and DOs; while he saw there was no quarrel in the appropriateness of manipulation for musculoskeletal treatment, the difficulty centered on "applying manipulative therapy to treat other systemic diseases"—at that point, Cohen maintained, "we enter the realm of skepticism on the part of the allopathic world." 2344:

regulated by the HPCA act work within the "Scope of Practice" determined and published by its professional board or council. Osteopaths in New Zealand are not fully licensed physicians. In New Zealand, in addition to the general scope of practice, osteopaths may also hold the Scope of Practice for Osteopaths using western medical acupuncture and related needling techniques.

2351:(Unitec). Australasian courses consist of a bachelor's degree in clinical science (osteopathy) followed by a master's degree. The Unitec double degree programme is the OCNZ prescribed qualification for registration in the scope of practice: Australian qualifications accredited by the Australian and New Zealand Osteopathic Council are also prescribed qualifications. 6136: 2311:" law. Heilpraktiker is a separate profession within the health care system. There are many schools of osteopathy in Germany; most are moving toward national recognition although such recognition does not currently exist. In Germany, there are state level rules governing which persons (non-physicians) may call themselves osteopaths. 5342: 2132:

private practice care. The majority of private health insurance providers cover treatment performed by osteopaths, as do many government based schemes such as veteran's affairs or workers compensations schemes In addition, treatment performed by osteopaths is covered by the public healthcare system in Australia (

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Students training to be an osteopath in Australia must study in an approved program in an accredited university. Current accredited courses are either four or five years in length. To achieve accreditation universities courses must demonstrate the capabilities of graduates. The capabilities are based

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In 1999, Joel D. Howell noted that osteopathy and medicine as practiced by MDs were becoming increasingly convergent. He suggested that this raised a paradox: "if osteopathy has become the functional equivalent of allopathy, what is the justification for its continued existence? And if there is value

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The American Medical Association listed DOs as "cultists" and deemed MD consultation of DOs unethical from 1923 until 1962. MDs regarded that osteopathic treatments were rooted in "pseudoscientific dogma", and although physicians from both branches of medicine have been able to meet on common ground,

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says there is "limited evidence" that osteopathy "may be effective for some types of neck, shoulder or lower limb pain and recovery after hip or knee operations", but that there is no evidence that osteopathy is effective as a treatment for health conditions unrelated to the bones and muscles. Others

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years of discussion, planning, and preparation for the program implementation. There was some controversy with the final decision of the university's committee regarding the continuous undergraduate and professional graduate program in osteopathy because the Commission of studies, which is in charge

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Osteopathy Australia (formerly the Australian Osteopathic Association) is a national organization representing the interests of Australian osteopaths, osteopathy as a profession in Australia, and consumers' right to access osteopathic services. Founded in 1955 in Victoria, the Australian Osteopathic

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Several international and national organizations are involved in osteopathic education and political advocacy. The OIA is an international body that oversees national osteopathic and osteopathic medical associations, statutory regulators, and universities or medical schools offering osteopathic and

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stated that DOs trained in the U.S. are Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine and are legally equivalent to MDs. "They must be distinguished from 'osteopaths', members of a less regulated or unregulated profession that is practiced in many countries. Osteopaths get inferior training that can't be compared

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basis. Full licensure to practice medicine is awarded on an exceptions basis following a hearing before the licensing authorities in New Zealand. Both the Medical Council of New Zealand and the OCNZ regulate osteopathic physicians in New Zealand. Currently, the country has no recognized osteopathic

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and prescribing chemicals such as mercury, becoming the forefront in therapeutics. Alternative medicine had its beginnings in the early 19th century, when gentler practices in comparison to heroic medicine began to emerge. As each side sought to defend its practice, a schism began to present itself

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began to localize the causes and nature of diseases to specific organs and tissues. Doctors began shifting their focus from the patient to the internal state of the body, resulting in an issue labeled as the problem of the "vanishing patient". A stronger movement towards experimental and scientific

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Osteopathic medicine is regulated by the General Osteopathic Council, (GOsC) under the terms of the Osteopaths Act 1993 and statement from the GMC. Practising osteopaths will usually have a BS or MSc in osteopathy. Accelerated courses leading to accreditation are available for those with a medical

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A 2018 large scale study, representing a response rate of 49.1% of the profession indicated the average age of the participants was 38.0 years, with 58.1% being female and the majority holding a Bachelor or higher degree qualification for osteopathy. The study also estimated a total of 3.9 million

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High velocity, low amplitude (HVLA) manipulation is a technique which employs a rapid, targeted, therapeutic force of brief duration that travels a short distance within the anatomic range of motion of a joint and engages the restrictive barrier in one or more places of motion to elicit release of

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This edition 1902; copyright 1892. Chapters: Preface; Introduction; I. Important Studies; II. Some Substances of the Body; III. Divisions of the Body; IV. Head, Face, and Scalp; Chapter V. The Neck; VI. The Thorax; VII. The Diaphragm; VIII. The Abdomen; IX. The Pelvis; X. Fevers; XI. Biogen; XII.

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Osteopaths registered and in good standing with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency – Osteopathy Board of Australian are eligible to register in New Zealand under the mutual recognition system operating between the two countries. Graduates from programs in every other country are

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Hesham Khalil introduced osteopathy in the Middle East at a local physical therapy conference in Cairo, Egypt in 2005 with a lecture titled "The global Osteopathic Concept / Holistic approach in Somatic Dysfunction". Since then he has toured the Middle East to introduce osteopathy in other Middle

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The non-physician manual practice of osteopathy is practiced in most Canadian provinces. As of 2014, manual osteopathic practice is not a government-regulated health profession in any province, and those interested in pursuing osteopathic studies must register in private osteopathy schools. It is

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is a form of alternative treatment. The practitioners claim to treat skeletal muscle immobility and pain by relaxing contracted muscles. Palpatory feedback by the practitioner is said to be an integral part to achieving a release of myofascial tissues, accomplished by relaxing contracted muscles,

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One integral tenet of osteopathy is that problems in the body's anatomy can affect its proper functioning. Another tenet is the body's innate ability to heal itself. Many of osteopathic medicine's manipulative techniques are aimed at reducing or eliminating the impediments to proper structure and

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Since the early 1970s, osteopaths have been practicing in Belgium, during which time several attempts have been made to obtain an official status of health care profession. In 1999, a law was voted (the 'Colla-Law') providing a legal framework for osteopathy, amongst three other non-conventional

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A majority of osteopaths work in private practice, with osteopaths working within aged care, traffic and workers compensation schemes or co-located with medical practitioners. Osteopaths are not considered physicians or medical doctors in Australia, rather as allied health professionals offering

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of the patient's muscle. Once the patient relaxes, their range of motion increases slightly. The repetition of alternating cycles of contraction and subsequent relaxation help the treated muscle improve its range of motion. Muscle energy techniques are contraindicated in patients with fractures,

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continuity"—a tissue layer that "links every part of the body with every other part". Osteopaths attempt to diagnose and treat what was originally called "the osteopathic lesion", but which is now named "somatic dysfunction", by manipulating a person's bones and muscles. Osteopathic Manipulative

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Osteopathy has been a recognized health profession since 1994 in Finland. It is regulated by law along with chiropractors and naprapaths. These professions require at least a four-year education. Currently there are three osteopathic schools in Finland, one which is public and two private ones.

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reviewed six randomized controlled trials which investigated the effect of four types of chest physiotherapy (including OMT) as adjunctive treatments for pneumonia in adults and concluded that "based on current limited evidence, chest physiotherapy might not be recommended as routine additional

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Still sought to establish a new medical school that could produce physicians trained under this philosophy, and be prepared to compete against the orthodox physicians. He established the American School of Osteopathy on 20 May 1892, in Kirksville, Missouri, with twenty-one students in the first

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system, and that osteopathic manipulations could solve these problems by harnessing the body's own self-repairing potential. Still's patients were forbidden from treatment by conventional medicine, as well as from other practices such as drinking alcohol. These practices derive from the belief,

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their arm, the treating physician raises the patient's arm near the end of the patient's range of motion, also called the edge of the restrictive barrier. The patient then tries to lower their arm, while the physician provides resistance. This resistance against the patient's motion allows for

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wrote that OMT was promoted as a special distinguishing element of DO training, but that it amounted to no more than "'extra' training in pseudoscientific practices." It has been suggested that osteopathic physicians may be more likely than MDs to be involved in questionable practices such as

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which came into effect on 18 September 2004. Under the act, it is a legal requirement to be registered with the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand (OCNZ), and to hold an annual practicing certificate issued by them, in order to practice as an osteopath. Each of the fifteen health professions

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which is the regulatory body for all recognized health care professions in Australia. The Osteopathic Board of Australia is separate from the Medical Board of Australia which is the governing body that regulates medical practitioners. Osteopaths trained internationally may be eligible for

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Osteopathy is a governmentally recognized health profession and the title of Osteopath is protected by Law (Act 45/2003, of 22 October, and Act 71/2013, of 2 September). Currently there are eight faculties that teach the four-year degree course of osteopathy (BSc Hon in Osteopathy).

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and noting that the current orthodox medical system could not save them, Still may have been prompted to shape his reformist attitudes towards conventional medicine. Still set out to reform the orthodox medical scene and establish a practice that did not so readily resort to drugs,

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So other than a lower admissions standard and the focus on a pseudoscientific belief system, there is no difference between the two educational systems. So why should this two-tiered system even exist? It is time to rid ourselves of this pre-scientific, dual system of medical

1929:. A 2013 systematic review found insufficient evidence to rate osteopathic manipulation for chronic nonspecific low back pain. In 2011, a systematic review found no compelling evidence that osteopathic manipulation was effective for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. 2306:

are not medically licensed. They have an average total of 1200 hours of training, roughly half being in manual therapy and osteopathy, with no medical specialization before they attain their degree. Non-physician osteopaths in Germany officially work under the

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In Canada, the titles "osteopath" and "osteopathic physician" are protected in some provinces by the medical regulatory college for physicians and surgeons. As of 2011, there were approximately 20 U.S.-trained osteopathic physicians, all of which held a

1543:, was the starting point from which was to ascertain the cause of pathological conditions". He would eventually claim that he could "shake a child and stop scarlet fever, croup, diphtheria, and cure whooping cough in three days by a wring of its neck." 2439:

Those trained only in manual osteopathic treatment, generally to relieve muscular and skeletal conditions, are referred to as osteopaths, and are not permitted to use the title DO in the United States to avoid confusion with osteopathic physicians.

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function so the self-healing mechanism can assume its role in restoring a person to health. Osteopathic medicine defines a concept of health care that embraces the concept of the unity of the living organism's structure (anatomy) and function (

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Practitioners who perform myofascial release consider the fascia and its corresponding muscle to be the main targets of their procedure, but assert that other tissue may be affected as well, including other connective tissue. Fascia is the

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There is no European regulatory authority for the practice of osteopathy or osteopathic medicine within the European Union; each country has its own rules. The UK's General Osteopathic Council, a regulatory body set up under the country's

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A workforce survey of Australian osteopathy: analysis of a nationally representative sample of osteopaths from the Osteopathy Research and Innovation Network (ORION) project, Adams et al. BMC Health Services Research (2018) 18:352

5902: 6434: 5440: 1527:, and harshly invasive therapeutics to treat a person suffering from ailment, similar to the mindset of the irregulars in the early 19th century. Thought to have been influenced by spiritualist figures such as 6340: 1302: 1539:

class. Still described the foundations of osteopathy in his book "The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy" in 1892. He named his new school of medicine "osteopathy", reasoning that "the bone,

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patients consulted osteopaths every year in Australia. Most osteopaths work in referral relationships with a range of other health services, managing patients primarily with musculoskeletal disorders.

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Wong CK, Abraham T, Karimi P, Ow-Wing C (April 2014). "Strain counterstrain technique to decrease tender point palpation pain compared to control conditions: A systematic review with meta-analysis".

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The Master of Osteopathy is the only New Zealand-based programme that enables you to register with the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand, and to enter practice as an osteopath in New Zealand.

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When the state of Missouri granted the right to award the MD degree, he remained dissatisfied with the limitations of conventional medicine and instead chose to retain the distinction of the

6350: 5274:[Order of 12 December 2014 relating to teaching exemptions likely to be granted with a view to preparing for the diploma allowing the use of the title of osteopath - Legifrance]. 6330: 3557: 2596: 2433: 1277: 5272:"Arrêté du 12 décembre 2014 relatif aux dispenses d'enseignement susceptibles d'être accordées en vue de la préparation au diplôme permettant d'user du titre d'ostéopathe - Legifrance" 3188: 6345: 1297: 1632:, use similar techniques. Indeed, many DOs do not practice OMT at all, and, over time, DOs in general practice use OMT less and less and instead apply the common medical treatments. 1199: 6168: 2778: 1875:. The first modern lymphatic pump technique was developed in 1920, although osteopathic physicians used various forms of lymphatic techniques as early as the late 19th century. 6335: 2424:

be reserved for "informal or historical discussions and for referring to previously named entities in the profession and foreign-trained osteopaths", and replaced in the US by

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in therapy that is uniquely osteopathic – that is, based on osteopathic manipulation or other techniques – why should its use be limited to osteopaths?"

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classified osteopathy as one of the "paranormal" forms of alternative medicine, commenting that it has a view of disease which had no meaning outside its own closed system.

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A 2005 Cochrane review of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in asthma treatment concluded that there was insufficient evidence that OMT can be used to treat asthma.

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medicine was then developed. In the perspective of the DO physicians, the sympathy and holism that were integral to medicine in the past were left behind.

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Osteopathic manipulation is still included in the curricula of osteopathic physicians or Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) training in the US. The

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A 2018 systematic review found that there is no evidence for the reliability or specific efficacy of the techniques used in visceral osteopathy.

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Association became a national body in 1991 and became Osteopathy Australia in 2014. and is a member of the Osteopathic International Alliance.

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s 4 November 1999 issue concluded that patients with chronic low back pain can be treated effectively with manipulation. The United Kingdom's

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Kasper, Dennis L.; Braunwald, Eugene; Fauci, Anthony S.; Hauser, Stephen L.; Longo, Dan L.; Jameson, J. Larry; Isselbacher, Kurt J. (2005).

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The first school of osteopathy was established in London in 1917 by John Martin Littlejohn, a pupil of A.T. Still, who had been Dean of the

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have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to suggest efficacy for osteopathic style manipulation in treating musculoskeletal pain.

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Muscle energy techniques address somatic dysfunction through stretching and muscle contraction. For example, if a person is unable to fully

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in osteopathy as manual therapy. However, due to the many doubts concerning the scientific credibility of osteopathy from the university's

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Posadzki P, Ernst E (February 2011). "Osteopathy for musculoskeletal pain patients: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials".

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Physiotherapists are a recognized health profession and can achieve a degree of "Diploma in Osteopathic Therapy (D.O.T.)". Non-physician

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Smallpox; XIII. Obesity; XIV. Ear-Wax and Its Uses; XV. Convulsions; XVI. Obstetrics. Link to read online, or download in many formats.

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Counterstrain is a system of diagnosis and treatment that considers the physical dysfunction to be a continuing, inappropriate strain

899: 766: 5491: 5012:[Hisham Khalil: Osteopathy is a treatment that targets the symptom, not the disease]. alahram newspaper. 2014. Archived from 2390:

degree and physiotherapists. The London College of Osteopathic Medicine teaches osteopathy only to those who are already physicians.

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The osteopathic profession has evolved into two branches: non-physician manual medicine osteopaths and full-scope medical practice

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degree, practicing in all of Canada. As of 2014, no training programs have been established for osteopathic physicians in Canada.

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Posadzki, P.; Lee, M. S.; Ernst, E. (2013). "Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Pediatric Conditions: A Systematic Review".

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and it was there that he founded the practice of osteopathy. Still claimed that human illness was rooted in problems with the

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Some osteopaths search for small lumps of tissue, called "Chapman release points" as part of their diagnostic procedure.

6217: 4481: 2459: 1093: 1018: 998: 926: 872: 4679: 4420: 1446: 578: 5708: 5681: 5655: 5401:"Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 No 48 (as at 1 August 2011), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation" 2383: 1043: 961: 461: 5880: 5849: 4868: 2574: 5345:[Regulation of further training and examination regulations in the field of osteopathy- Hessen] (in German). 5946: 4809: 2838: 2835:"Charles E. Still (son) – Letters to Edith Mellor, DO. Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri" 2812: 2756: 583: 402: 328: 2152:

on the CanMEDS competency framework that was developed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

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Hondras, Maria A.; Linde, Klaus; Jones, Arthur P. (2005). Hondras, Maria A. (ed.). "Manual therapy for asthma".

2003:, wrote disparagingly of the "pseudoscience" at the foundation of OMT. In his view, "OMT will and should follow 1846:, overuse, trauma, infectious agents, or inactivity, often resulting in pain, muscle tension, and corresponding 5676: 4758: 4736: 1131: 298: 86: 64: 5240:"Arrêté du 29 septembre 2014 relatif à l'agrément des établissements de formation en ostéopathie - Légifrance" 5085: 3286: 2148:

registration in Australia, dependent on their level of training and following relevant competency assessment.

1372:. In most countries, practitioners of osteopathy are not medically trained and are referred to as osteopaths. 5289: 1921:. The same analysis also found moderate-quality evidence for pain reduction for nonspecific low back pain in 1461: 6485: 6242: 5271: 5253: 3063: 3028: 2993: 2958: 2865:

Among Free State leaders was Andrew T. Still, founder of osteopathy, whose theory of healing developed here.

1942: 1914: 1898: 1680: 1674: 1605: 847: 805: 733: 613: 248: 6490: 6212: 2024: 1440: 788: 778: 673: 6140: 5221: 4846: 3931:"Osteopathic manipulative treatment for nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 92: 6412: 6257: 6252: 6222: 5400: 5035: 4179: 4033: 1552: 1166: 773: 703: 543: 343: 208: 4585: 4528:"Chronic Disease Management – Individual Allied Health Services under Medicare – Provider Information" 6232: 6068: 5224:[Decree No. 2014-1505 of December 12, 2014 relating to training in osteopathy - Legifrance]. 3883: 2724: 2200: 2133: 1985: 1773: 1528: 1495: 1482: 1376: 1361: 1136: 865: 825: 648: 511: 439: 387: 308: 215: 160: 137: 79: 31: 2408:

in the United States is a physician trained in the full scope of medical practice, with a degree of

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Chen, Xiaomei; Jiang, Jiaojiao; Wang, Renjie; Fu, Hongbo; Lu, Jing; Yang, Ming (6 September 2022).

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Osteopathic manipulation is the core set of techniques in osteopathy. Parts of osteopathy, such as

1233: 783: 568: 481: 258: 188: 5374: 4151: 6247: 5167: 4279: 4204: 4058: 3908: 3751: 2691: 2328: 2000: 1809: 1757: 1753: 1685: 1573: 1486: 1478: 1151: 1126: 1063: 761: 588: 496: 476: 456: 382: 5938: 5466: 2204: 1624:. OMT techniques are not necessarily unique to osteopathic medicine; other disciplines, such as 4377: 3561: 1501:

The foundations of this divergence may be traced back to the mid-18th century when advances in

6114: 6095: 6072: 6062: 6047: 6028: 5992: 5826: 5751: 5239: 5207: 5159: 5047: 4619: 4271: 4231: 4196: 4111: 4050: 4013: 3962: 3900: 3863: 3845: 3806: 3763: 3732: 3724: 3677: 3671: 3613: 3532: 3494: 3372: 3125: 3117: 3071: 3036: 3001: 2966: 2931: 2897: 2728: 2666: 2648: 1922: 1906: 1835: 1698: 1694: 1665:; they serve, rather, as the underpinnings of the osteopathic approach to health and disease. 1613: 1519: 936: 693: 658: 563: 501: 449: 350: 112: 5625: 4961: 4784: 4657: 3067: 3057: 2997: 2987: 2718: 5222:"Décret n° 2014-1505 du 12 décembre 2014 relatif à la formation en ostéopathie - Legifrance" 5151: 5013: 4297: 4263: 4188: 4101: 4091: 4078:"Reliability of diagnosis and clinical efficacy of visceral osteopathy: a systematic review" 4042: 4003: 3993: 3952: 3942: 3892: 3853: 3837: 3798: 3714: 3603: 3524: 3486: 3150: 3107: 3032: 3022: 2962: 2952: 2923: 2640: 2008: 1996: 1872: 1777: 1736: 1640:). The AOA states that the four major principles of osteopathic medicine are the following: 1637: 1625: 1617: 1532: 1357: 951: 713: 573: 360: 5113:"FINLEX ® - Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: Asetus terveydenhuollon ammattihenkilöistä 564/1994" 4898: 1473: 'pain, suffering') began in the United States in 1874. The profession was founded by 5979: 5647: 5502: 2100: 2019: 1973: 1838:

that provides support and protection for most structures within the human body, including

1710: 1601: 1507: 1490: 1431: 1121: 1078: 663: 653: 528: 491: 429: 397: 392: 365: 303: 273: 5343:"Verordnung einer Weiterbildungs- und Prüfungsordnung im Bereich der Osteopathie- Hessen" 4502: 3515:

Wong CK (February 2012). "Strain counterstrain: Current concepts and clinical evidence".

3332: 3096:"A Degree of Difference: The Origins of Osteopathy and First Use of the "DO" Designation" 5610: 3390: 6439: 6237: 5317: 5115:[FINLEX ® - Current legislation: Decree on healthcare professionals 564/1994]. 5112: 4251: 4106: 4077: 4008: 3981: 3957: 3930: 3858: 3825: 3608: 2095:

It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly

1959: 1878:

Relative contraindications for the use of lymphatic pump treatments include fractures,

1862: 1819: 1785: 1662: 1414: 1098: 971: 738: 723: 638: 558: 553: 6064:

Pseudoscience and Extraordinary Claims of the Paranormal: A Critical Thinker's Toolkit

1917:

that OMT reduces pain and improves functional status in acute and chronic nonspecific

6469: 6227: 5789: 5256:[Order of 12 December 2014 relating to training in osteopathy - Legifrance]. 5171: 3982:"Osteopathic intervention in chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review" 3169: 2308: 1918: 1910: 1793: 1789: 1769: 1761: 1749: 1739:, and in patients who are very ill or cannot voluntarily relax during the procedure. 1726: 1702: 1386: 1365: 1353: 1033: 1008: 916: 906: 718: 633: 548: 471: 434: 377: 355: 243: 193: 17: 4283: 4208: 4062: 3306: 6082: 5441:"The Department of Internal Affairs: New Zealand Gazette – The New Zealand Gazette" 5139: 4398: 3912: 3841: 3802: 3687: 3292: 2035: 2012: 1706: 1690: 1629: 1511: 1088: 1058: 931: 810: 698: 623: 523: 518: 424: 419: 370: 333: 278: 263: 43: 5585: 4301: 6376: 5785: 4354: 2927: 2644: 2522: 2186: 1831: 1648: 1048: 966: 678: 603: 598: 538: 318: 288: 238: 233: 198: 145: 5254:"Arrêté du 12 décembre 2014 relatif à la formation en ostéopathie - Legifrance" 4680:"Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency - Approved Programs of Study" 4076:

Guillaud, Albin; Darbois, Nelly; Monvoisin, Richard; Pinsault, Nicolas (2018).

3528: 3490: 3260: 34:

practice, mostly outside of the United States. For the medical discipline, see

6299: 5155: 4192: 4096: 4046: 2028: 2004: 1980:

said that the worth of manipulative therapy had been exaggerated and that the

1977: 1797: 1524: 1502: 1381: 1287: 1225: 1146: 643: 618: 506: 253: 203: 105: 5163: 3998: 3947: 3849: 3728: 3121: 2807:

Six Survivors of First Free State Legislature in Kansas, Topeka Daily Capital

4937: 4724: 4424: 3752:"Manual Techniques Addressing the Lymphatic System: Origins and Development" 2199:

on a project to implement a professional osteopathy program consisting of a

1926: 1925:

and low-quality evidence for pain reduction in nonspecific low back pain in

1569: 1564: 1510:

became the convention for treating patients, with aggressive practices like

1403: 1398: 1068: 1028: 1003: 708: 668: 533: 47: 4200: 4115: 4054: 4017: 3966: 3904: 3896: 3867: 3810: 3767: 3736: 3617: 3589: 3536: 3498: 3376: 3129: 2901: 2781:. Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri. Archived from 2652: 1867:

Lymphatic pump treatment (LPT) is a manual technique intended to encourage

6135: 5888: 5865: 4984: 4872: 4275: 3719: 3702: 3112: 3095: 2582: 4897:. Ontario Association of Osteopathic Manual Practitioners. Archived from 4845:. Ontario Association of Osteopathic Manual Practitioners. Archived from 3356:"Center or periphery? The future of osteopathic principles and practices" 2196: 1847: 1781: 1657:

Rational therapy is based on consideration of the first three principles.

1621: 1390: 1349: 1247: 981: 889: 728: 182: 5552: 5422: 4817: 3701:

Pierce-Talsma, Stacey; Cuny, Lee Ann; Franzini, Danielle (1 July 2018).

2248:, issued a position paper on European regulation of osteopathy in 2005. 6146: 5467:"Master of Osteopathy courses, postgraduate study for a masters degree" 4702:"Osteopathy Board of Australia - Capabilities for osteopathic practice" 4267: 4177:

Posadzki, P.; Ernst, E. (2011). "Osteopathy for Musculoskeletal Pain".

2339:

The practice of osteopathy is regulated by law, under the terms of the

2211:, the program developers decided to abandon the project in 2011, after 1879: 1661:

These principles are not held by Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine to be

1609: 1073: 991: 956: 946: 688: 5007:"hisham khalil: aliastiubathiu eilaj yastahdif aleard walays almarad" 3154: 1385: as having no therapeutic value and have been labeled by them as 6398: 6092:

Science in the Art of Osteopathy: Osteopathic Principles and Practice

4331: 3211: 1839: 1823: 1732: 1651:, having the inherent capacity to defend, repair, and remodel itself. 1589: 1581: 1540: 1466: 1451: 1161: 986: 941: 608: 2575:"Promoting DOs: Words and medium change, but message stays the same" 2277:

is a governmentally recognized profession and has title protection,

1556:

and by that time four states recognized osteopathy as a profession.

1481:

surgeon, and Kansas territorial and state legislator. He lived near

5677:"Standards of education and training - General Osteopathic Council" 3144: 2283:. The most recent decree regarding osteopathy was enacted in 2014. 2015:, and other outdated practices into the pages of medical history." 1818:

increasing circulation and lymphatic drainage, and stimulating the

3393:. American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) 3171:

The philosophy and mechanical principles of osteopathy (full text)

1883: 1868: 1585: 1563: 1430: 1038: 1013: 894: 444: 6113:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 6027:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 5970:

American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (2011);

5881:"Promoting DOs: Words, medium change, but message stays the same" 2888:

Guglielmo, WJ (1998). "Are D.O.s losing their unique identity?".

2412:(DO). With the increased internationalization of osteopathy, the 1748:

restriction. The use of HVLA is contraindicated in patients with

6042:

Savarese, Robert G.; Copabianco, John D.; Cox, James J. (2009).

2918:

McKone, W. Llewellyn (1 January 1997). "History of osteopathy".

1577: 1369: 1023: 877: 6150: 5042:. 21 February 2005. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. 4541: 1518:

After experiencing the loss of his wife and three daughters to

4155: 2809:, Missouri's Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri" 2779:"Medical registration for Adair County, MO dated 28 July 1883" 2751:

Medical Registration for Macon County, MO as of March 27, 1874

2073: 1882:

or localized infections, and severe bacterial infections with

6061:

Smith, J.C. (2009). "Manipulative and Body-based Practices".

5142:[What is osteopathy? Part 1: Osteopathy in Finland]. 4810:"MSUCOM pilot program targets Canadian students for training" 4612:"Board of Australia Codes & Guidelines of the Profession" 4468:"Osteopathic services | Department of Veterans' Affairs" 4446: 4130:"Osteopathic Manipulative Therpay & OMT Cleveland Clinic" 3288:

History of Osteopathy: And Twentieth-century Medical Practice

27:

Alternative medicine emphasizing muscle and bone manipulation

4589: 3554:"Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology, November 2011 Edition" 3059:

Natures Cures:The History of Alternative Medicine in America

3024:

Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

2989:

Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

2954:

Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America

2753:, Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri" 2494:"Osteopathy in the NICU: False Claims and False Dichotomies" 5357:"Iniciativa - Atividade Parlamentar e Processo Legislativo" 4636: 1402:

Treatment (OMT) techniques are most commonly used to treat

976: 5730: 5531: 4935:[Université Laval closes the door to osteopathy]. 4837: 4835: 4563: 3657: 3645: 3459: 3447: 2521:. NYU Langone Medical Center. 23 July 2012. Archived from 4302:"The Elephant in the Room: Does OMT Have Proved Benefit?" 1644:

The body is an integrated unit of mind, body, and spirit.

69:

OMT technique for the treatment of impotence in the 1898

2434:

American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine

6023:

DiGiovanna, Eileen; Schiowitz, S; Dowling, DD (2005).

5903:"H315-A/15 Osteopath and Osteopathy - Use of the Term" 2088:

A major contributor to this section appears to have a

4737:"Ontario Medicine Act – Restricted Titles, Section 9" 3780: 3630: 2631:

Howell, Joel D. (1999). "The Paradox of Osteopathy".

1654:

Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.

1494:

common in the early 19th century among proponents of

1417:

and is no longer a degree of non-medical osteopathy.

1393:. The techniques are based on an ideology created by 6008:"Pump it up: osteopathic manipulation and influenza" 5778:"Chapter 10. Complementary and Alternative Medicine" 5036:"Position Statement on the draft Services Directive" 4588:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from 4501:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from 4423:. Osteopathic International Alliance. Archived from 2058:

The following sections describe the legal status of

1364:

that emphasizes physical manipulation of the body's

6422: 6390: 6364: 6313: 6292: 6266: 6203: 6182: 5009:هشام خليل: الاستيوباثي علاج يستهدف العرض وليس المرض 4933:"L'Université Laval ferme la porte à l'ostéopathie" 4871:. Canadian Federation of Osteopaths. Archived from 3756:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

3707:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

3100:

The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association

2720:

Manipulative Therapies: Osteopathy and Chiropractic

2597:"Style Guide for Reporting on Osteopathic Medicine" 1984:(AOA) was acting unethically by failing to condemn 1965:In a 1995 conference address, the president of the 111: 99: 85: 78: 57: 6025:An Osteopathic Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment 5138:Hopeapuu, Elessar; Ulvinen, Anssi (15 June 2022). 3676:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 568. 2599:. American Osteopathic Association. Archived from 2341:Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 1568:Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) involves 1427:Osteopathic medicine in the United States: History 4985:"The History of the Egyptian Osteopathic Society" 4224:The Feminine Touch: Women in Osteopathic Medicine 3413:"Statement of Healthcare Policies and Principles" 3233:"Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation" 2143:The Osteopathy Board of Australia is part of the 5140:"Mitä osteopatia on? Osa 1: Osteopatia Suomessa" 5088:[Development of Osteopathy in Belgium]. 4637:"Australia Health Professions Regulatory Agency" 3641: 3639: 3510: 3508: 2145:Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency 1842:. This soft tissue can become restricted due to 1776:. HVLA is also contraindicated in patients with 4631: 4629: 2416:(AOA) recommended in 2010 that the older terms 5989:Osteopathy in Britain: The First Hundred Years 5615:Link to both original act and latest revision. 4926: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 3588:Roberge, Raymond J.; Roberge, Marc R. (2009). 2355:required to complete an assessment procedure. 6162: 3924: 3922: 3826:"Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in adults" 2280:autorisation d'utiliser le titre d'ostéopathe 2136:) under the Chronic Disease Management plan. 1397:(1828–1917) which posits the existence of a " 1322: 1193: 8: 5086:"Développement de l'Ostéopathie en Belgique" 4566:. Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA) 4564:"Allied Health Professions Australia (AHPA)" 3929:Franke H, Franke JD, Fryer G (August 2014). 3583: 3581: 3579: 3174:. Kansas City, Mo.: Hudson-Kimberly Pub. Co. 2455:List of medical schools in the United States 2278: 1760:, and in pathologic bone conditions such as 4761:British Columbia Medical Practitioners Act, 3830:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3472: 3470: 3468: 3291:. Press of Jennings and Graham – via 6169: 6155: 6147: 5879:Croby, John B. Crosby (3 September 2010). 5782:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 4254:(April 1988). "Paranormal health claims". 4083:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 3479:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2347:In New Zealand a course is offered at the 2331:offers BSc and MSc Osteopathy programmes. 1477:, a 19th-century American physician (MD), 1329: 1315: 1211: 1200: 1186: 269:Association for Research and Enlightenment 124: 63: 6190:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 4725:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3158-y 4105: 4095: 4007: 3997: 3956: 3946: 3937:(Systematic review & meta-analysis). 3857: 3718: 3607: 3285:Booth, Emmons Rutledge (1 January 1905). 3111: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2465:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 2400:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 2119:Learn how and when to remove this message 1913:of 15 randomized controlled trials found 1743:High-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation 1217:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 40:Osteopathic medicine in the United States 5731:"London College of Osteopathic Medicine" 4660:. Osteopathyboard.gov.au. 1 January 2022 3658:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3646:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3548: 3546: 3460:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3448:DiGiovanna, Schiowitz & Dowling 2005 3280: 3278: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 1967:Association of American Medical Colleges 5072:Service Public Fédéral - Santé publique 4658:"Osteopathy Board of Australia - Forms" 4357:. National Council Against Health Fraud 4327:"Osteopathic Physicians Versus Doctors" 3795:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3703:"Osteopathic Lymphatic Pump Techniques" 3481:(Systematic review and meta-analysis). 2481: 2377:Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine 1232: 1214: 136: 5045: 4763:Section 40 Registration of Osteopaths" 1886:higher than 102 °F (39 °C). 1717:, severe illness, and recent surgery. 54: 5850:"AOA House reasserts preferred terms 5848:Schierhorn, Carolyn (4 August 2010). 5575:"Osteopathic Medicine in New Zealand" 5186:"Article 75, Public Health Law(2002)" 3595:Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 3238:. State of New Jersey. Archived from 3089: 3087: 2913: 2911: 2487: 2485: 2358:The scope of practice for US-trained 1788:or vertebral arteries. People taking 1439:The practice of osteopathy (from 7: 6111:Foundations for Osteopathic Medicine 5553:"Osteopathic Council of New Zealand" 4586:"Osteopathic International Alliance" 4447:"Osteopathic International Alliance" 4325:Salzberg, Steven (27 October 2010). 2519:"Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment" 1772:, osteoporosis, and severe cases of 6274:List of osteopathic medical schools 5973:Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology 5829:. U.S. National Library of Medicine 4964:. Physical Therapists of Egypt Blog 4401:(2021). "Osteopathy Then and Now". 3781:Savarese, Copabianco & Cox 2009 3673:Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine 3631:Savarese, Copabianco & Cox 2009 1995:In 2004, the osteopathic physician 1955:tensions between the two continue. 1936:The New England Journal of Medicine 1243:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) 6094:. Cheltenham, UK: Nelson Thornes. 5582:Osteopathic International Alliance 5499:Osteopathic International Alliance 5314:Osteopathic International Alliance 5040:General Osteopathic Council (GOsC) 3210:Carroll, R.T. (27 November 2015). 1406:and other musculoskeletal issues. 25: 4353:Jarvis, W.T. (29 December 2000). 3094:Gevitz, Norman (1 January 2014). 1268:Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine 339:Chiropractic treatment techniques 6134: 5910:American Osteopathic Association 5827:"Doctor of Osteopathic medicine" 5532:"Medical Council of New Zealand" 5375:"Faculty of Health and Wellness" 5068:"Pratiques non-conventionnelles" 4869:"Who is an Osteopath in Canada?" 4376:Barrett, S. (11 February 2018). 3560:. pp. 30–31. Archived from 3420:American Osteopathic Association 2920:Osteopathic Athletic Health Care 2837:. Cdm.sos.mo.gov. Archived from 2811:. Cdm.sos.mo.gov. Archived from 2414:American Osteopathic Association 2099:. Please discuss further on the 2078: 2055:osteopathic medical education. 1982:American Osteopathic Association 1598:American Osteopathic Association 1224: 1142:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity 144: 42:. For diseases of the bone, see 6406:Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 6351:Directors and Medical Educators 4931:Allard, Marc (3 October 2011). 4787:Alberta Medical Profession Act, 4378:"Dubious Aspects of Osteopathy" 3333:"What Is Osteopathic Medicine?" 3143:Peter, Wagner (11 April 2011). 2667:"Dubious Aspects of Osteopathy" 2633:New England Journal of Medicine 2573:Crosby, J. (3 September 2010). 2436:made a similar recommendation. 2192:Collège d'études ostéopathiques 1533:magnetic and electrical healing 178:Alternative veterinary medicine 6356:American Academy of Osteopathy 6279:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 6195:Osteopathic medicine in Canada 5806:. North Carolina Medical Board 5757:. American Medical Association 5528:Medical Council of New Zealand 4355:"Osteopathy's Sectarian Roots" 3842:10.1002/14651858.CD006338.pub4 3803:10.1002/14651858.CD001002.pub2 3391:"What is Osteopathic Medicine" 2692:"Why Cranial Therapy Is Silly" 2450:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 2410:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 2349:Unitec Institute of Technology 2167:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 1411:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 801:Water fluoridation controversy 757:Big Pharma conspiracy theories 36:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine 1: 5628:. General Osteopathic Council 4739:. Province of Ontario, Canada 4228:Truman State University Press 3986:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 3935:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 3193:Early American Manual Therapy 3168:Still, Andrew Taylor (1892). 2922:. Springer US. pp. 1–9. 2717:Vincent C, Furnham A (1997). 1715:vertebrobasilar insufficiency 1234:Andrew Taylor Still (founder) 1172:Wilson's temperature syndrome 1157:Multiple chemical sensitivity 284:Biological terrain assessment 6218:Balanced ligamentous tension 6006:Crislip M (4 October 2013). 3980:Orrock PJ, Myers SP (2013). 3257:"Osteopathic Virtual Museum" 2460:List of osteopathic colleges 5709:General Osteopathic Council 5682:General Osteopathic Council 5656:General Osteopathic Council 5492:"Osteopathy in New Zealand" 3187:Webster, George V. (1919). 2928:10.1007/978-1-4899-3067-5_1 2896:(8): 200–2, 207–10, 213–4. 2645:10.1056/NEJM199911043411910 2384:General Osteopathic Council 2203:followed by a professional 2043:Regulation and legal status 1435:Andrew Taylor Still in 1914 1348:, which is a branch of the 833:Alternative medical systems 462:Fabunan Antiviral Injection 228:Fringe medicine and science 6507: 5991:. London: Martin Collins. 5947:Cambridge University Press 5648:"Training and registering" 4843:"Who Provides Osteopathy?" 4152:"Osteopathy – NHS Choices" 3670:Chila, Anthony G. (2010). 3529:10.1016/j.math.2011.10.001 3491:10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.09.010 3056:Whorton, James C. (2002). 3021:Whorton, James C. (2002). 2986:Whorton, James C. (2002). 2951:Whorton, James C. (2002). 2397: 1860: 1807: 1752:due to instability of the 1724: 1672: 1649:self-regulatory mechanisms 1460: 1445: 1424: 1413:degree, however, became a 843:Biologically based therapy 403:Dental amalgam controversy 30:This article is about the 29: 6448: 6382:William Garner Sutherland 5427:osteopathiccouncil.org.nz 5156:10.37451/kuntoutus.120025 5052:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4496:"Osteopathy in Australia" 4222:Quinn, Thomas A. (2011). 4193:10.1007/s10067-010-1600-6 4097:10.1186/s12906-018-2098-8 4047:10.1007/s10067-010-1600-6 3750:Chikly, Bruno J. (2005). 2230:Egypt and the Middle East 1915:moderate-quality evidence 1884:body temperature elevated 1822:of muscles and overlying 1800:should not receive HVLA. 1458: 'bone' and 1379:, have been described by 467:Facilitated communication 62: 6109:Ward, Robert C. (2002). 6090:Stone, Caroline (2002). 6010:. Science-based Medicine 5987:Collins, Martin (2005). 5943:dictionary.cambridge.org 5008: 4704:. Osteopathyboard.gov.au 3999:10.1186/1471-2474-14-129 3948:10.1186/1471-2474-15-286 2066:in each country listed. 1857:Lymphatic pump treatment 1132:Candida hypersensitivity 314:Fake COVID-19 treatments 128:This article is part of 6243:Muscle energy technique 5704:"Becoming an osteopath" 5307:"Osteopathy in Germany" 4983:Khalil, Hesham (2014). 3354:Gevitz N (March 2006). 3311:Popular Science Monthly 3189:"Concerning Osteopathy" 3064:Oxford University Press 3029:Oxford University Press 2994:Oxford University Press 2959:Oxford University Press 1943:National Health Service 1675:Muscle energy technique 806:COVID-19 misinformation 734:Young blood transfusion 614:Orthomolecular medicine 579:Mind–body interventions 249:Anthroposophic medicine 189:Rise of modern medicine 6284:Accrediting Commission 6213:Articulatory technique 6046:. Robert G. Savarese. 5978:2 October 2013 at the 5912:. 2015. Archived from 5111:Oy, Edita Publishing. 4960:Rizk, Mohamed (2007). 4616:osteopathyboard.gov.au 4544:. Osteopathy Australia 4542:"Osteopathy Australia" 3897:10.1542/peds.2012-3959 2861:"Baldwin City, Kansas" 2360:osteopathic physicians 2279: 2049:osteopathic physicians 2025:orthomolecular therapy 1593: 1436: 1293:MD & DO Comparison 838:Mind–body intervention 789:MMR vaccine and autism 779:Vaccine misinformation 674:Rapid prompting method 6413:Journal of Osteopathy 6258:Soft tissue technique 6253:Paraspinal inhibition 6223:Chapman reflex points 6069:John Wiley & Sons 5852:osteopathic physician 5611:"Osteopaths Act 1993" 4530:. Medicare Australia. 4180:Clinical Rheumatology 4037:(Systematic review). 4034:Clinical Rheumatology 3988:(Systematic review). 3720:10.7556/jaoa.2018.112 3146:History of Osteopathy 3113:10.7556/jaoa.2014.005 2725:John Wiley & Sons 2492:Snyder, John (2014). 2430:osteopathic physician 2406:osteopathic physician 2189:was working with the 2097:neutral point of view 1848:diminished blood flow 1567: 1553:Journal of Osteopathy 1434: 1167:Vertebral subluxation 1116:Alternative diagnoses 704:Thought Field Therapy 344:Vertebral subluxation 18:Chapman reflex points 6481:Alternative medicine 6454:Osteopathic medicine 6177:Osteopathic medicine 6143:at Wikimedia Commons 5856:osteopathic medicine 5825:MedlinePlus (2012). 5804:"Consumer Info FAQs" 5792:on 24 December 2013. 4622:on 19 February 2011. 4307:J Am Osteopath Assoc 3364:J Am Osteopath Assoc 3245:on 8 September 2008. 2426:osteopathic medicine 2297:osteopathic medicine 2064:osteopathic medicine 1986:craniosacral therapy 1796:, or who have local 1784:, or disease of the 1774:rheumatoid arthritis 1756:which may stem from 1686:isotonic contraction 1529:Andrew Jackson Davis 1496:alternative medicine 1483:Baldwin City, Kansas 1377:craniosacral therapy 1362:alternative medicine 1346:osteopathic medicine 1253:US Medical education 1137:Chronic Lyme disease 866:Traditional medicine 848:Manipulative methods 649:Postural Integration 512:Bach flower remedies 388:Craniosacral therapy 216:Therapeutic nihilism 161:Alternative medicine 138:Alternative medicine 32:alternative medicine 6372:Andrew Taylor Still 5891:on 12 October 2013. 3199:on 5 December 2010. 2585:on 12 October 2013. 2470:Spinal manipulation 2362:is unlimited on an 2246:Osteopaths Act 1993 2209:faculty of medicine 2181:Beginning in 2009, 1871:flow in a person's 1844:psychogenic disease 1766:pathologic fracture 1705:or strains, severe 1647:The body possesses 1475:Andrew Taylor Still 1395:Andrew Taylor Still 784:Vaccines and autism 774:Anti-vaccinationism 767:OPV AIDS hypothesis 569:Megavitamin therapy 482:Functional medicine 259:Applied kinesiology 155:General information 80:Alternative therapy 71:Osteopathy Complete 6346:Specialty colleges 6248:Myofascial release 5868:on 6 October 2013. 5626:"About osteopathy" 5555:. 19 February 2009 5379:Sri Sri University 5295:(in French). 2014. 5278:(in French). 2014. 5276:legifrance.gouv.fr 5260:(in French). 2014. 5258:legifrance.gouv.fr 5242:(in French). 2014. 5228:(in French). 2014. 5226:legifrance.gouv.fr 5210:(in French). 2014. 5074:. 27 January 2016. 4789:Sections 3 and 18" 4268:10.1007/bf01961267 4230:. pp. 81–85. 4132:. Cleveland Clinic 2785:on 29 October 2013 2759:on 29 October 2013 2525:on 29 October 2014 2329:Sri Sri University 2001:emergency medicine 1815:Myofascial release 1810:Myofascial release 1804:Myofascial release 1758:ligamentous laxity 1754:atlantoaxial joint 1737:vertebral arteries 1695:joint dislocations 1594: 1487:American Civil War 1437: 1352:profession in the 1298:Specialty Colleges 1152:Leaky gut syndrome 1127:Aerotoxic syndrome 1064:Prophetic medicine 762:HIV/AIDS denialism 589:Myofascial release 497:Holistic dentistry 477:Feldenkrais Method 457:Estrogen dominance 383:Conversion therapy 6463: 6462: 6435:California merger 6139:Media related to 6101:978-0-7487-3328-6 6078:978-1-4443-1013-9 6034:978-0-7817-4293-1 5998:978-1-4196-0784-4 5784:(16th ed.). 5381:. 5 December 2020 4298:Bledsoe, Bryan E. 4158:. 11 October 2011 3313:: 710. March 1898 3307:"General Notices" 3077:978-0-19-514071-2 3042:978-0-19-514071-2 3007:978-0-19-514071-2 2972:978-0-19-514071-2 2937:978-0-412-59090-0 2890:Medical Economics 2734:978-0-471-96645-6 2367:medical schools. 2291:Germany has both 2201:bachelor's degree 2129: 2128: 2121: 2092:with its subject. 2039:to that of DOs." 1999:, a professor of 1907:systematic review 1836:connective tissue 1834:component of the 1699:joint instability 1614:patient education 1596:According to the 1520:spinal meningitis 1339: 1338: 1210: 1209: 937:Chinese herbology 694:Scientific racism 659:Psychodermatology 564:Medical intuitive 544:Lightning Process 502:Hologram bracelet 450:Therapeutic touch 351:Christian Science 324:Cancer treatments 123: 122: 16:(Redirected from 6498: 6341:Specialty Boards 6171: 6164: 6157: 6148: 6138: 6124: 6105: 6086: 6057: 6038: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6002: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5918: 5907: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5887:. Archived from 5876: 5870: 5869: 5864:. 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Archived from 3417: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3360: 3359:(Free full text) 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3282: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3263:on 16 March 2012 3259:. Archived from 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3237: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3195:. Archived from 3184: 3178: 3175: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3115: 3091: 3082: 3081: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3018: 3012: 3011: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2961:, Inc. pp. 2948: 2942: 2941: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2885: 2868: 2867: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2755:. Archived from 2745: 2739: 2738: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2628: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2581:. Archived from 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2554:on 20 March 2016 2553: 2547:. Archived from 2541: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2515: 2509: 2508: 2502: 2500: 2489: 2282: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2216: 2183:Université Laval 2124: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2104: 2090:close connection 2082: 2081: 2074: 2009:magnetic healing 1997:Bryan E. Bledsoe 1940: 1923:postpartum women 1873:lymphatic system 1786:carotid arteries 1778:vascular disease 1626:physical therapy 1470: 1464: 1455: 1449: 1358:pseudoscientific 1331: 1324: 1317: 1228: 1219: 1212: 1202: 1195: 1188: 952:Gill plate trade 714:Vaginal steaming 361:Colloidal silver 329:Charcoal cleanse 148: 125: 95: 67: 55: 21: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6459: 6444: 6418: 6386: 6360: 6336:Student Council 6309: 6288: 6262: 6199: 6178: 6175: 6131: 6121: 6108: 6102: 6089: 6079: 6071:. p. 342. 6060: 6054: 6041: 6035: 6022: 6013: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5986: 5980:Wayback Machine 5967: 5965:Further reading 5962: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5937: 5936: 5932: 5922: 5920: 5919:on 6 April 2018 5916: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5760: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5729: 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5702: 5701: 5697: 5687: 5685: 5675: 5674: 5670: 5660: 5658: 5646: 5645: 5641: 5631: 5629: 5624: 5623: 5619: 5609: 5608: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5536: 5534: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5494: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5472: 5470: 5465: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5447:on 20 July 2012 5439: 5438: 5434: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5406: 5404: 5399: 5398: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5373: 5372: 5368: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5220: 5219: 5215: 5206: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5184: 5183: 5179: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5122: 5120: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5044: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5010: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4930: 4929: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4878: 4876: 4867: 4866: 4862: 4852: 4850: 4841: 4840: 4833: 4823: 4821: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4742: 4740: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4721: 4717: 4707: 4705: 4700: 4699: 4695: 4685: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4634: 4627: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4592:on 26 June 2014 4584: 4583: 4579: 4569: 4567: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4427:on 26 June 2012 4419: 4418: 4414: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4324: 4323: 4319: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4176: 4175: 4171: 4161: 4159: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4135: 4133: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4030: 4029: 4025: 3979: 3978: 3974: 3928: 3927: 3920: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3836:(9): CD006338. 3823: 3822: 3818: 3797:(2): CD001002. 3792: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3700: 3699: 3695: 3684: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3637: 3629: 3625: 3587: 3586: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3564:on 21 July 2012 3552: 3551: 3544: 3514: 3513: 3506: 3476: 3475: 3466: 3462:, pp. 86–8 3458: 3454: 3450:, pp. 83–5 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3429:on 11 June 2012 3426: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3358: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3284: 3283: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3043: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3008: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2973: 2950: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2917: 2916: 2909: 2887: 2886: 2871: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2762: 2760: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2735: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2699: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2630: 2629: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2498: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2483: 2478: 2446: 2402: 2396: 2373: 2337: 2326: 2317: 2289: 2272: 2263: 2254: 2241: 2232: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2205:master's degree 2179: 2162: 2125: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2094: 2083: 2079: 2072: 2045: 2034:Science writer 2020:Steven Salzberg 1974:Stephen Barrett 1952: 1938: 1899:Cochrane review 1892: 1865: 1859: 1812: 1806: 1764:, history of a 1745: 1729: 1723: 1711:whiplash injury 1677: 1671: 1602:pharmacotherapy 1562: 1508:Heroic medicine 1491:musculoskeletal 1429: 1423: 1335: 1215: 1206: 1177: 1176: 1122:Adrenal fatigue 1117: 1109: 1108: 883:Southern Africa 868: 858: 857: 828: 826:Classifications 818: 817: 794:in chiropractic 752: 744: 743: 664:Quantum healing 654:Psychic surgery 529:Ionized jewelry 492:Herbal medicine 440:Esoteric energy 430:Energy medicine 398:Cupping therapy 393:Crystal healing 366:Colon cleansing 304:Bowen technique 274:Auriculotherapy 229: 221: 220: 156: 91: 74: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6504: 6502: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6486:Manual therapy 6483: 6478: 6468: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6457: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6440:Flexner Report 6437: 6432: 6426: 6424: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6409: 6402: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6374: 6368: 6366: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6317: 6315: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6270: 6268: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6238:Lymphatic pump 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6209: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6186: 6184: 6180: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6130: 6129:External links 6127: 6126: 6125: 6119: 6106: 6100: 6087: 6077: 6058: 6053:978-0967009018 6052: 6039: 6033: 6020: 6003: 5997: 5984: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5930: 5894: 5871: 5840: 5817: 5795: 5768: 5743: 5722: 5695: 5668: 5639: 5617: 5602: 5591:on 2 June 2013 5566: 5544: 5519: 5508:on 2 June 2013 5483: 5458: 5432: 5414: 5392: 5366: 5348: 5334: 5323:on 2 June 2013 5298: 5281: 5263: 5245: 5231: 5213: 5199: 5177: 5146:(in Finnish). 5130: 5103: 5090:osteopathie.be 5077: 5059: 5027: 4998: 4975: 4952: 4912: 4886: 4860: 4831: 4801: 4776: 4750: 4728: 4715: 4693: 4682:. Ahpra.gov.au 4671: 4649: 4625: 4603: 4577: 4555: 4533: 4519: 4487: 4473: 4459: 4438: 4412: 4390: 4368: 4345: 4317: 4289: 4243: 4236: 4214: 4169: 4143: 4121: 4068: 4023: 3972: 3918: 3873: 3816: 3785: 3783:, p. 126. 3773: 3762:(10): 457–64. 3742: 3713:(7): e43–e44. 3693: 3682: 3662: 3650: 3635: 3633:, p. 146. 3623: 3575: 3542: 3517:Manual Therapy 3504: 3464: 3452: 3440: 3404: 3382: 3371:(3): 122–123. 3346: 3324: 3298: 3274: 3248: 3224: 3202: 3179: 3160: 3135: 3083: 3076: 3048: 3041: 3013: 3006: 2978: 2971: 2943: 2936: 2907: 2869: 2852: 2841:on 7 July 2012 2826: 2815:on 8 July 2012 2796: 2770: 2740: 2733: 2727:. p. 15. 2709: 2696:quackwatch.com 2683: 2671:quackwatch.org 2658: 2639:(19): 1465–8. 2614: 2603:on 14 May 2013 2588: 2565: 2536: 2510: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2445: 2442: 2398:Main article: 2395: 2392: 2372: 2371:United Kingdom 2369: 2336: 2333: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2288: 2285: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2240: 2239:European Union 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972:Pressure point 969: 964: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 903: 902: 897: 887: 886: 885: 880: 869: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 855: 853:Energy therapy 850: 845: 840: 835: 829: 824: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 814: 813: 803: 798: 797: 796: 791: 786: 781: 771: 770: 769: 759: 753: 750: 749: 746: 745: 742: 741: 739:Zero balancing 736: 731: 726: 724:Vision therapy 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 639:Parapsychology 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 559:Manual therapy 556: 554:Magnet therapy 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 515: 514: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 453: 452: 447: 442: 437: 427: 422: 417: 416: 415: 408:Detoxification 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 374: 373: 363: 358: 353: 348: 347: 346: 341: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 219: 218: 213: 212: 211: 201: 196: 191: 186: 185:(health fraud) 180: 175: 174: 173: 168: 157: 154: 153: 150: 149: 141: 140: 134: 133: 121: 120: 115: 109: 108: 103: 97: 96: 89: 83: 82: 76: 75: 68: 60: 59: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6503: 6492: 6491:Pseudoscience 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6456: 6455: 6451: 6450: 6447: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6410: 6408: 6407: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6363: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314:Organizations 6312: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6265: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6228:Counterstrain 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6181: 6172: 6167: 6165: 6160: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6149: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6120:0-7817-3497-5 6116: 6112: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6036: 6030: 6026: 6021: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5994: 5990: 5985: 5982: 5981: 5977: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5964: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5931: 5915: 5911: 5904: 5898: 5895: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5875: 5872: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5844: 5841: 5828: 5821: 5818: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5772: 5769: 5753: 5747: 5744: 5732: 5726: 5723: 5711: 5710: 5705: 5699: 5696: 5684: 5683: 5678: 5672: 5669: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5640: 5627: 5621: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5603: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5570: 5567: 5554: 5548: 5545: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5468: 5462: 5459: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5402: 5396: 5393: 5380: 5376: 5370: 5367: 5362: 5361:parlamento.pt 5358: 5352: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5302: 5299: 5291: 5285: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5267: 5264: 5259: 5255: 5249: 5246: 5241: 5235: 5232: 5227: 5223: 5217: 5214: 5209: 5203: 5200: 5187: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5131: 5118: 5117:www.finlex.fi 5114: 5107: 5104: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5078: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5028: 5015: 5011: 5002: 4999: 4986: 4979: 4976: 4963: 4956: 4953: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4927: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4887: 4874: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4790: 4788: 4780: 4777: 4765:. 1 June 2009 4764: 4762: 4754: 4751: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4719: 4716: 4703: 4697: 4694: 4681: 4675: 4672: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4638: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4504: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4483: 4477: 4474: 4469: 4463: 4460: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4426: 4422: 4421:"Directories" 4416: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4399:Hall, Harriet 4394: 4391: 4379: 4372: 4369: 4356: 4349: 4346: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4321: 4318: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4239: 4237:9781935503132 4233: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4187:(2): 285–91. 4186: 4182: 4181: 4173: 4170: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4144: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4041:(2): 285–91. 4040: 4036: 4035: 4027: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3891:(1): 140–52. 3890: 3886: 3885: 3877: 3874: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3683:9780781766715 3679: 3675: 3674: 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2899: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2814: 2810: 2808: 2800: 2797: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2758: 2754: 2752: 2744: 2741: 2736: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2721: 2713: 2710: 2698:. 15 May 2004 2697: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2672: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2615: 2602: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2524: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2495: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2394:United States 2393: 2391: 2387: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2323: 2321: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2309:Heilpraktiker 2305: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2276: 2269: 2267: 2260: 2258: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2238: 2236: 2229: 2227: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2184: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2168: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2135: 2123: 2120: 2112: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2091: 2085: 2076: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2050: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1956: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1937: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1919:low back pain 1916: 1912: 1911:meta-analysis 1908: 1903: 1900: 1895: 1890:Effectiveness 1889: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1864: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1790:ciprofloxacin 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1770:osteomyelitis 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1750:Down syndrome 1742: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1727:Counterstrain 1721:Counterstrain 1720: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1703:muscle spasms 1700: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1676: 1669:Muscle energy 1668: 1666: 1664: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1639: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1559: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1542: 1536: 1534: 1531:and ideas of 1530: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1492: 1488: 1485:, during the 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1441:Ancient Greek 1433: 1428: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387:pseudoscience 1384: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1366:muscle tissue 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354:United States 1351: 1347: 1343: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1191: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1113: 1112: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1009:Faith healing 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 929: 928: 925: 923: 920: 918: 917:Bush medicine 915: 913: 910: 908: 907:Balneotherapy 905: 901: 898: 896: 893: 892: 891: 888: 884: 881: 879: 876: 875: 874: 871: 870: 867: 862: 861: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 830: 827: 822: 821: 812: 809: 808: 807: 804: 802: 799: 795: 792: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 776: 775: 772: 768: 765: 764: 763: 760: 758: 755: 754: 751:Controversies 748: 747: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 719:Vegetotherapy 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 634:Ozone therapy 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 549:Lymphotherapy 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 520: 517: 513: 510: 509: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 487:Hair analysis 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 472:FasciaBlaster 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 458: 455: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 435:Correactology 433: 432: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 414: 411: 410: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 379: 378:Colorpuncture 376: 372: 369: 368: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 356:Chromotherapy 354: 352: 349: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 244:Alkaline diet 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 231: 225: 224: 217: 214: 210: 207: 206: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 194:Pseudoscience 192: 190: 187: 184: 181: 179: 176: 172: 169: 167: 164: 163: 162: 159: 158: 152: 151: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 126: 119: 116: 114: 110: 107: 104: 102: 98: 94: 90: 88: 84: 81: 77: 72: 66: 61: 56: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 6452: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6110: 6091: 6083:Google Books 6081:– via 6063: 6043: 6024: 6012:. 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Retrieved 5089: 5080: 5071: 5062: 5039: 5030: 5018:. Retrieved 5014:the original 5001: 4989:. Retrieved 4987:. OsteoEgypt 4978: 4966:. Retrieved 4962:"Osteopathy" 4955: 4943:. Retrieved 4936: 4903:. Retrieved 4899:the original 4895:"Regulation" 4889: 4877:. Retrieved 4873:the original 4863: 4851:. Retrieved 4847:the original 4822:. Retrieved 4818:the original 4813: 4804: 4792:. Retrieved 4786: 4779: 4767:. Retrieved 4760: 4753: 4741:. Retrieved 4731: 4718: 4706:. Retrieved 4696: 4684:. Retrieved 4674: 4662:. Retrieved 4652: 4640:. Retrieved 4620:the original 4615: 4606: 4594:. Retrieved 4590:the original 4580: 4568:. Retrieved 4558: 4546:. Retrieved 4536: 4522: 4510:. Retrieved 4503:the original 4490: 4482:"Osteopaths" 4476: 4462: 4450:. Retrieved 4441: 4429:. Retrieved 4425:the original 4415: 4406: 4402: 4393: 4381:. Retrieved 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4348: 4338:18 September 4336:. Retrieved 4330: 4320: 4311: 4305: 4292: 4262:(4): 303–9. 4259: 4255: 4246: 4223: 4217: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4160:. Retrieved 4146: 4134:. Retrieved 4124: 4087: 4081: 4071: 4038: 4032: 4026: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3938: 3934: 3888: 3882: 3876: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3794: 3788: 3776: 3759: 3755: 3745: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3688:Google Books 3686:– via 3672: 3665: 3653: 3648:, p. 80 3626: 3602:(3): 184–9. 3599: 3593: 3566:. Retrieved 3562:the original 3520: 3516: 3482: 3478: 3455: 3443: 3431:. Retrieved 3424:the original 3407: 3395:. Retrieved 3385: 3368: 3362: 3349: 3337:. Retrieved 3327: 3315:. Retrieved 3310: 3301: 3293:Google Books 3287: 3265:. Retrieved 3261:the original 3251: 3240:the original 3227: 3215:. Retrieved 3212:"Osteopathy" 3205: 3197:the original 3192: 3182: 3170: 3163: 3145: 3138: 3106:(1): 30–40. 3103: 3099: 3062:. New York: 3058: 3051: 3027:. New York: 3023: 3016: 2992:. New York: 2988: 2981: 2957:. New York: 2953: 2946: 2919: 2893: 2889: 2864: 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2839:the original 2829: 2817:. Retrieved 2813:the original 2806: 2799: 2787:. Retrieved 2783:the original 2773: 2761:. Retrieved 2757:the original 2750: 2743: 2719: 2712: 2700:. Retrieved 2695: 2686: 2674:. Retrieved 2670: 2661: 2636: 2632: 2605:. Retrieved 2601:the original 2591: 2583:the original 2578: 2568: 2556:. Retrieved 2549:the original 2539: 2527:. Retrieved 2523:the original 2513: 2504: 2497:. Retrieved 2438: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2405: 2403: 2388: 2381: 2374: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2338: 2327: 2318: 2303: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2290: 2274: 2273: 2264: 2255: 2242: 2233: 2190: 2180: 2171: 2163: 2154: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2130: 2115: 2106: 2087: 2063: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2046: 2036:Harriet Hall 2033: 2017: 2013:chiropractic 1994: 1990: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1953: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1904: 1896: 1893: 1877: 1866: 1852: 1828: 1814: 1813: 1746: 1730: 1707:osteoporosis 1678: 1660: 1634: 1630:chiropractic 1595: 1574:manipulation 1551: 1545: 1537: 1517: 1512:bloodletting 1500: 1467: 1459: 1452: 1444: 1438: 1408: 1380: 1374: 1341: 1340: 1089:Thai massage 1059:Naftalan oil 932:Blood stasis 811:Turbo cancer 699:ThetaHealing 628: 624:Osteomyology 524:Hypnotherapy 519:Hydrotherapy 425:Ear candling 420:Dry needling 371:Coffee enema 334:Chiropractic 299:Bone-setting 279:Bates method 264:Aromatherapy 70: 52: 44:Bone disease 6377:S. S. Still 5939:"Osteopath" 5786:McGraw-Hill 5736:13 November 5595:26 February 5559:13 November 5537:13 November 5512:26 February 5451:13 November 5407:18 November 5327:26 February 5192:13 November 5188:(in French) 5096:11 November 5092:(in French) 4941:(in French) 4794:13 November 4769:13 November 4743:13 November 4642:13 November 4512:26 February 4452:13 November 4256:Experientia 4252:Skrabanek P 3397:17 December 3335:. Aacom.org 3267:13 November 3066:. pp. 3031:. pp. 2996:. pp. 2845:13 November 2819:13 November 2763:13 November 2607:17 December 2579:DO Magazine 2558:28 February 2529:5 September 2335:New Zealand 2187:Quebec City 2109:August 2020 1905:In 2014, a 1897:In 2013, a 1832:soft tissue 1049:Mien Shiang 967:Moxibustion 679:Reflexology 604:Oil pulling 599:Naturopathy 539:Jilly Juice 319:Camel urine 289:Black salve 239:Acupuncture 234:Acupressure 199:Antiscience 171:Terminology 6476:Osteopathy 6470:Categories 6205:Treatments 6141:Osteopathy 6044:OMT review 6014:7 February 5833:25 October 5752:"Medicine" 5652:Osteopathy 5473:26 January 4314:(10): 407. 4310:(Letter). 4258:(Review). 4136:27 January 3941:(1): 286. 3884:Pediatrics 3523:(1): 2–8. 3155:10342/3694 2702:29 October 2676:29 October 2506:education. 2476:References 2418:osteopathy 2364:exceptions 2304:osteopaths 2293:osteopathy 2275:Osteopathy 2060:osteopathy 2029:homeopathy 2005:homeopathy 1978:Quackwatch 1798:metastases 1638:physiology 1525:purgatives 1503:physiology 1425:See also: 1399:myofascial 1382:Quackwatch 1360:system of 1342:Osteopathy 1263:Physicians 1147:Heavy legs 1104:Vietnamese 1084:Sri Lankan 644:Phrenology 629:Osteopathy 619:Orthopathy 507:Homeopathy 413:Foot detox 309:Breathwork 254:Apitherapy 209:Scientific 204:Skepticism 101:ICD-10-PCS 58:Osteopathy 6293:Licensing 6267:Education 5172:250039659 5164:2489-7604 5144:Kuntoutus 5123:2 October 4938:Le Soleil 4409:(1): 4–5. 4162:8 January 4090:(2): 65. 3850:1469-493X 3729:0098-6151 3122:0098-6151 2422:osteopath 2101:talk page 2070:Australia 2018:In 2010, 1972:In 1998, 1958:In 1988, 1950:Criticism 1880:abscesses 1782:aneurysms 1709:, severe 1701:, severe 1570:palpation 1548:DO degree 1479:Civil War 1404:back pain 1344:, unlike 1069:Shamanism 1054:Mongolian 1029:Kayakalpa 1004:Curandero 922:Cambodian 912:Brazilian 709:Urophagia 669:Radionics 574:Mesmerism 534:Iridology 48:Osteology 5976:Archived 5952:4 August 5810:20 March 5761:20 March 5469:. 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