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describing the datum associated with the indicated position in the chart. The data may appear as dots or shapes, connected or unconnected, and in any combination of colors and patterns. In addition, inferences or points of interest can be overlaid directly on the graph to further aid information
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Charts are often used to ease understanding of large quantities of data and the relationships between parts of the data. Charts can usually be read more quickly than the raw data. They are used in a wide variety of fields, and can be created by hand (often on
333:
of lines may appear to aid in the visual alignment of data. The grid can be enhanced by visually emphasizing the lines at regular or significant graduations. The emphasized lines are then called major gridlines, and the remainder is minor grid lines.
521:
is a two-dimensional scatterplot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order. The first known line charts are usually credited to
Francis Hauksbee, Nicolaus Samuel Cruquius, Johann Heinrich Lambert and William
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is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally. The first known bar charts are usually attributed to Nicole Oresme, Joseph
Priestley, and William
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consists of tabular frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of the observations in the interval; first introduced by Karl
Pearson.
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Typically the data in a chart is represented graphically since humans can infer meaning from pictures more quickly than from text. Thus, the text is generally used only to annotate the data.
353:). A legend contains a list of the variables appearing in the chart and an example of their appearance. This information allows the data from each variable to be identified in the chart.
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While charts can be drawn by hand, computer software is often used to automatically produce a chart based on entered data. For examples of commonly used software tools, see
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where the areas of the rectangles correspond to values. Other dimensions can be represented with color or hue. Smaller areas go to the bottom right corner.
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291:. On the other hand, data that represents numbers that change over a period of time (such as "annual revenue from 1990 to 2000") might be best shown as a
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A chart can take a large variety of forms. However, there are common features that provide the chart with its ability to extract meaning from data.
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or "spider chart" or "doi" is a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point.
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A GapChart, a time series chart showing evolving gaps and equalities between series. Other dimensions can be represented with color or hue.
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313:. A graph's title usually appears above the main graphic and provides a succinct description of what the data in the graph refers to.
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279:. Certain types of charts are more useful for presenting a given data set than others. For example, data that presents
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Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
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1505:"Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization"
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is a two-dimensional scatterplot where a third variable is represented by the size of the points.
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Charts and graphs: An introduction to graphic methods in the control and analysis of statistics
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Visual revelations: graphical tales of fate and
Deception from Napoleon Bonaparte to Ross Perot
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Interest rates, temperatures, etc., at the close of the period are plotted with a line chart.
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Some specific charts have become well known by effectively explaining a phenomenon or idea.
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in different groups (such as "satisfied, not satisfied, unsure") are often displayed in a
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When the data appearing in a chart contains multiple variables, the chart may include a
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are another type of bar chart used to describe price movements of an equity over time.
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A chart's data can appear in all manner of formats and may include individual textual
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763:, sometimes called a Coxcomb chart, is an enhanced form of pie chart developed by
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shows percentage values as a slice of a pie; first introduced by
William Playfair.
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Alternatively, where less detail is required, and chart size is paramount, a
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is a time-independent stock tracking chart that attempts to minimise noise.
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Other domain-specific constructs are sometimes called charts, such as the
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also known as a "Walk" chart, is a special type of floating-column chart.
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classify political philosophies according to two axes of variation.
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There are dozens of other types of charts. Here are some of them:
287:, but maybe more easily understood when presented in a horizontal
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243:) for a specific purpose are often known as charts, such as a
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Some types of charts have specific uses in a certain field
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One of the most important uses of text in a graph is the
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to show the interaction of two data points in a grid.
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with a traditional bar chart of volume at the bottom.
387:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
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to show the timing of tasks as they occur over time.
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75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
217:The term "chart" as a graphical representation of
1453:"First Ever Bar Charts Created in 14th Century"
872:Stock market prices are often depicted with an
316:Dimensions in the data are often displayed on
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8:
920:Some of the better-known named charts are:
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1364:Harvard graphics 3: the complete reference
1533:. The Engineering magazine company, 1914.
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990:is a chart originating from the study of
407:Learn how and when to remove this message
239:that are adorned with extra information (
135:Learn how and when to remove this message
383:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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214:structure and provides different info.
1001:helps in scheduling complex projects.
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1530:Graphic methods for presenting facts
1390:, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
647:Examples of less common charts are:
430:Four of the most common charts are:
73:adding citations to reliable sources
1362:Cary Jensen, Loy Anderson (1992).
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251:, typically spread over several
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27:Graphical representation of data
421:Commons:Category:Charts by type
155:showing the composition of the
60:needs additional citations for
1:
1595:Biological data visualization
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1635:Mathematical visualization
1545:Prentice-Hall, 1923, 1925.
1477:. JPowered. Archived from
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225:A data chart is a type of
29:
1630:Information visualization
1615:Educational visualization
1309:Exploratory data analysis
1282:List of charting software
874:open-high-low-close chart
820:Open-high-low-close chart
526:Other common charts are:
275:) or by computer using a
199:". A chart can represent
1806:Charles-René de Fourcroy
1655:Scientific visualization
1582:of technical information
173:graphical representation
1475:"History of Pie Charts"
1455:. AnyChart. 2 June 2015
916:Well-known named charts
907:Project planners use a
262:in music notation or a
221:has multiple meanings:
2226:Christopher R. Johnson
1778:Technical illustration
1665:Software visualization
1438:10.1098/rsta.1895.0010
1366:. Osborne McGraw-Hill
167:(sometimes known as a
160:
36:Graph (disambiguation)
32:Chart (disambiguation)
2120:Lawrence J. Rosenblum
1933:Edward Walter Maunder
1857:Charles Joseph Minard
1675:User interface design
1650:Product visualization
1525:Brinton, Willard Cope
1227:Dot plot (statistics)
803:Field-specific charts
266:for album popularity.
159:Parliament of Canada.
150:
2400:Scientific modelling
2375:Information graphics
2115:Clifford A. Pickover
2065:William S. Cleveland
1973:Henry Norris Russell
1958:Howard G. Funkhouser
1902:Florence Nightingale
1867:Francis Amasa Walker
1763:Statistical graphics
1685:Volume visualization
1660:Social visualization
1324:Mathematical diagram
1319:Information graphics
868:This gallery shows:
765:Florence Nightingale
748:This gallery shows:
554:Organizational chart
491:This gallery shows:
376:factual accuracy is
329:Within the graph, a
277:charting application
187:, such as bars in a
69:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2380:Information science
2343:in computer science
2135:Sheelagh Carpendale
2070:George G. Robertson
1907:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke
1842:André-Michel Guerry
1718:Graph of a function
1713:Engineering drawing
1429:1895RSPTA.186..343P
1329:Official statistics
1299:Table (information)
2468:Modeling languages
2420:Volume cartography
2184:Early 21st century
2080:Catherine Plaisant
2075:Bruce H. McCormick
2029:Mary Eleanor Spear
2019:Arthur H. Robinson
1953:Arthur Lyon Bowley
1926:Early 20th century
1773:Technical drawings
1645:Molecular graphics
1620:Flow visualization
1610:Data visualization
1481:on 15 January 2016
1186:One more example:
1021:project management
880:Candlestick charts
761:polar area diagram
674:Polar area diagram
643:Less-common charts
249:aeronautical chart
183:is represented by
177:data visualization
161:
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2415:Visual perception
2365:Graphic organizer
2338:Computer graphics
2309:
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2291:Martin Wattenberg
2266:Hanspeter Pfister
2221:Martin Krzywinski
2145:Jock D. Mackinlay
2125:Thomas A. DeFanti
2048:Late 20th century
1968:Ejnar Hertzsprung
1670:Technical drawing
1510:. pp. 13–14.
1314:Graphic organizer
1032:radio electronics
1019:is often used in
834:Candlestick chart
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349:(also known as a
210:or some kinds of
195:, or slices in a
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16:(Redirected from
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2425:Volume rendering
2410:Visual analytics
2405:Spatial analysis
2385:Misleading graph
2236:David McCandless
2211:Gordon Kindlmann
2175:Alfred Inselberg
2170:Leland Wilkinson
2105:Michael Friendly
2039:Howard T. Fisher
2002:Mid 20th century
1943:W. E. B. Du Bois
1847:William Playfair
1837:Adolphe Quetelet
1811:Joseph Priestley
1794:Pre-19th century
1791:
1758:Skeletal formula
1625:Geovisualization
1600:Chemical imaging
1573:
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1537:Karsten, Karl G.
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1501:Michael Friendly
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2370:Imaging science
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2281:Moritz Stefaner
2206:Jessica Hullman
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2150:Alan MacEachren
2100:Ben Shneiderman
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1519:Further reading
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1166:Structure chart
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622:Pedigree chart
620:
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583:
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373:
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364:
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300:
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268:
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245:nautical chart
234:
143:
142:
57:
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48:
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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2355:Graph drawing
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2279:
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2276:Claudio Silva
2274:
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2264:
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2259:
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2249:
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2241:Mauro Martino
2239:
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2165:Michael Maltz
2163:
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2158:
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2131:
2130:George Furnas
2128:
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2118:
2116:
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2110:Howard Wainer
2108:
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2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Rudolf Modley
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Max O. Lorenz
1976:
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1887:Charles Booth
1885:
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1875:
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1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Luigi Perozzo
1860:
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1855:
1853:
1852:August Kekulé
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
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1832:Charles Dupin
1830:
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1827:
1823:
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1816:Gaspard Monge
1814:
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1801:Edmond Halley
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1608:
1606:
1605:Crime mapping
1603:
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1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1580:Visualization
1574:
1569:
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1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:0-8058-3878-3
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:Howard Wainer
1380:
1377:
1373:
1372:0-07-881749-8
1369:
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1057:
1056:Control chart
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492:
486:
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475:
472:
466:
461:
458:
452:
447:
444:
438:
433:
431:
426:Common charts
425:
422:
411:
408:
400:
390:
386:
380:
379:
372:
363:
362:
356:
354:
352:
348:
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198:
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191:, lines in a
190:
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139:
136:
128:
117:
114:
110:
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100:
96:
93:
89:
86: –
85:
81:
80:Find sources:
74:
70:
64:
63:
58:This article
56:
52:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2453:Infographics
2440:
2390:Neuroimaging
2350:CPK coloring
2333:Color coding
2271:Hans Rosling
2251:Miriah Meyer
2216:Aaron Koblin
2201:Jeffrey Heer
2095:Edward Tufte
2090:Pat Hanrahan
2060:Nigel Holmes
1938:Otto Neurath
1877:Oliver Byrne
1825:19th century
1702:
1539:
1528:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1447:
1420:
1416:
1403:
1387:
1379:
1363:
1358:
1339:Edward Tufte
1304:Drakon-chart
1279:
1193:Common plots
1188:Bernal chart
1185:
1126:Pareto chart
1042:
1039:Other charts
988:Allele chart
981:
919:
899:
896:may be used.
867:
806:
754:bubble chart
747:
660:Bubble chart
646:
525:
490:
429:
403:
397:October 2019
394:
375:
350:
346:
344:
342:extraction.
338:
336:
330:
328:
323:
317:
315:
310:
308:
305:
302:
269:
264:record chart
241:map surround
216:
168:
164:
162:
131:
125:October 2011
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
2323:Cartography
2261:Ade Olufeko
2231:Manuel Lima
2160:Kwan-Liu Ma
2085:Stuart Card
2055:Borden Dent
1993:Erwin Raisz
1948:Henry Gantt
1423:: 343–414.
1409:Pearson, K.
1255:Scatterplot
1180:Vowel chart
1153:Strip chart
1098:Natal chart
1028:Smith chart
1006:Nolan chart
999:Gantt chart
976:Smith chart
947:Nolan chart
933:Gantt chart
909:Gantt chart
793:streamgraph
772:radar chart
730:Streamgraph
702:Radar chart
636:Radial tree
281:percentages
273:graph paper
260:chord chart
2447:Categories
2246:John Maeda
2024:John Tukey
1988:Harry Beck
1983:Fritz Kahn
1733:Photograph
1485:9 February
1459:9 February
1350:References
1030:serves in
1017:PERT chart
887:Kagi chart
848:Kagi chart
594:Area chart
580:Flow chart
567:Tree chart
519:line chart
485:Line chart
419:See also:
293:line chart
253:map sheets
193:line chart
95:newspapers
2328:Chartjunk
2296:Bang Wong
2191:Polo Chau
1897:John Snow
1872:John Venn
1753:Schematic
1738:Pictogram
1140:Run chart
894:Sparkline
862:Sparkline
608:Cartogram
522:Playfair.
512:pie chart
507:Playfair.
504:bar chart
497:histogram
471:Pie chart
457:Bar chart
443:Histogram
385:talk page
289:bar chart
285:pie chart
208:functions
197:pie chart
189:bar chart
153:pie chart
2458:Diagrams
2314:Related
1723:Ideogram
1503:(2008).
1411:(1895).
1398:p.87-90.
1288:See also
1213:Box plot
1112:Nomogram
1008:and the
992:genetics
786:tree map
743:GapChart
716:Tree map
539:Timeline
378:disputed
299:Features
2196:Ben Fry
1708:Diagram
1425:Bibcode
1386:(1997)
1294:Diagram
1084:Heatmap
227:diagram
212:quality
204:numeric
201:tabular
185:symbols
171:) is a
109:scholar
84:"Chart"
40:Diagram
2463:Charts
2316:topics
1787:People
1694:Image
1588:Fields
1394:
1370:
1269:Biplot
347:legend
339:labels
206:data,
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
38:, and
18:Charts
1768:Table
1703:Chart
1696:types
1508:(PDF)
1374:p.413
963:chart
541:chart
357:Types
324:scale
311:title
231:graph
169:graph
165:chart
116:JSTOR
102:books
1743:Plot
1487:2016
1461:2016
1392:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1026:The
1004:The
961:PERT
331:grid
319:axes
237:Maps
219:data
181:data
175:for
157:38th
88:news
1728:Map
1433:doi
1421:186
986:An
351:key
247:or
229:or
71:by
2449::
1527:.
1431:.
1419:.
1415:.
1284:.
1015:A
997:A
885:A
791:A
784:A
777:A
770:A
759:A
752:A
517:A
510:A
502:A
495:A
295:.
163:A
151:A
34:,
1572:e
1565:t
1558:v
1543:.
1489:.
1463:.
1441:.
1435::
1427::
1034:.
1023:.
767:.
410:)
404:(
399:)
395:(
391:.
381:.
255:.
138:)
132:(
127:)
123:(
113:·
106:·
99:·
92:·
65:.
42:.
20:)
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