1712:
1672:
1684:
864:
appalling unsolved crimes currently pending and which have resulted in the downgrading of bilateral relations affecting both the people of Saudi Arabia and
Thailand for more than 20 years", adding "it is my duty to try to negotiate this issue with the Thai Government, in order to avoid any further tension or undesirable complications in bilateral relations".
33:
863:
Mr. Nabil Ashri said that "The
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's goal on this issue stems directly from its firm and clear foreign policy of non-interference, and seeking closer cooperation and developing friendly international relations, as its relations with the Kingdom of Thailand suffered because of the
813:
Chargé d'Affaires: An officer in charge of an embassy who is not an ambassador, e.g., when the level of relations between two states has been lowered to below the ambassadorial level, and accredited to the
Minister of Foreign Affairs, rather than to the chief of state. In such circumstances, termed
887:
When early last year we decided to resume discussions with the
Chinese Government on this subject we told them that if an agreement on an exchange of ambassadors was reached we would be prepared to withdraw our consulate from Taiwan. This we shall now
462:
may avoid a politically sensitive meeting that would imply approval or recognition of that head of state or government. Similarly, the receiving country may decline to receive an ambassador, but still maintain diplomatic relations by accepting a
780:
are distinct from the 'chargés d'affaires accredited to
Ministers for Foreign Affairs' who are listed under Article 14 of the Convention as forming the third class of heads of mission. The latter are often described as 'chargés d'affairs
379:
may be appointed for long periods, such as when a mission is headed by a non-resident ambassador who is accredited to multiple countries. In addition, a mission may be downgraded from an ambassadorial to a
541:
on 11 June 1884, as they stopped being tributary to the
Chinese Empire, less than a year after the 25 August 1883 French protectorates over Annam and Tonkin (central and northern regions).
272:
on a temporary basis in the absence of the ambassador. In unusual situations, in cases where disputes between the two countries make it impossible or undesirable to send agents of a higher
843:
423:
may be sent to immediately establish diplomatic representation. However, if a timely exchange of ambassadors does not take place, this may result in a prolonged period of
405:
1026:
548:
may be used outside diplomacy to designate an individual with some more or less temporary responsibility for a specific area of business, understood broadly.
900:
942:
829:
257:
1163:
328:("e.p.") are appointed to be permanent heads of mission, in cases where the two countries lack ambassadorial-level relations. They are appointed by
851:
297:("a.i.") are those who temporarily head a diplomatic mission in the absence of the accredited head of that mission. It is usual to appoint a
978:
173:
444:
723:
806:
769:
1628:
1059:
1657:
876:
594:
may or may not be added depending on the context, but is always lower case; it may be italicized or shortened to simply a.i.
498:
represent their nation, but unlike an ambassador, they are not personal representatives of their head of state. Apart from
428:
1702:
522:
384:
level to show displeasure, yet avoid taking the extremely serious step of breaking diplomatic relations. For example,
1216:
518:
1645:
1732:
904:
1635:
1280:
1021:
76:
439:. However, China was unwilling to exchange ambassadors until the United Kingdom withdrew its consulate from
1388:
1152:
1099:
1083:
1038:
971:
268:
by ambassadors and have lower precedence at formal diplomatic events. In most cases, a diplomat serves as a
166:
141:
121:
96:
1483:
491:
1120:
936:
638:
1687:
748:
There currently is no U.S. Ambassador to
Venezuela; the U.S. Charge d'Affaires en pied is Lee McClenny.
1569:
1453:
1443:
1338:
1252:
1157:
101:
1544:
1504:
1448:
1418:
1393:
1383:
1358:
1328:
1209:
1174:
1169:
1033:
408:
ceased to recognize the
Republic of China as the sole legitimate representative of China, and thus
393:
298:
136:
131:
1675:
1602:
1564:
1559:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1514:
1478:
1373:
1348:
1343:
1287:
1204:
1184:
964:
468:
455:
329:
316:
240:
159:
1179:
332:
from the foreign minister of the sending state to the foreign minister of the receiving state.
146:
665:
308:, and that person is presented to the foreign minister of the receiving state. By definition,
1607:
1575:
1509:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1363:
1353:
1307:
1292:
1115:
802:
765:
719:
106:
71:
1640:
1524:
1458:
1378:
1368:
1323:
1302:
1275:
1267:
538:
514:
224:
537:, the local ruler's capital, since 1875, one of them (three terms) was appointed the first
235:
for "charged with business", meaning they are responsible for the duties of an ambassador.
1716:
1623:
1554:
1428:
1232:
1078:
613:
499:
340:
273:
265:
232:
197:
86:
1549:
1519:
1408:
1257:
44:
1711:
1726:
1433:
1423:
1132:
1127:
931:
91:
36:
739:
385:
111:
17:
1652:
1499:
1333:
513:
was in fact employed in a more significant colonial role, as commonly held by a
48:
830:"Saudi Arabia and Thailand restore ambassadors after three decades of tensions"
1581:
1143:
1054:
608:
603:
228:
126:
66:
1597:
1262:
987:
935:
458:
to the foreign minister rather than the head of state, the appointment of a
950:
762:
Diplomatic Law: Commentary on the Vienna
Convention on Diplomatic Relations
956:
509:
However, there have been rare historical circumstances in which the title
1297:
991:
419:
Sometimes when diplomatic recognition is extended to a new government, a
397:
389:
220:
534:
32:
946:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 859.
881:
526:
436:
350:, but are outranked by ambassadors. They are sometimes referred to as
1438:
1064:
506:
enjoy the same privileges and immunities as other diplomatic agents.
440:
413:
401:
355:
81:
416:
since then (the ambassador did not leave his position until 1979).
427:-level relations. For example, the United Kingdom recognized the
31:
801:. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press. p. 56.
256:
enjoys the same privileges and immunities as an ambassador under
960:
392:
did not exchange ambassadors between 1989 and 2022, due to the
744:
Burean of
Western Hemisphere Affairs, U.S. Department of State
571:
is always in the plural form, and should be lowercase even if
785:', and can be traced back to the eighteenth century 'agents'.
260:, and normally these extend to their aides as well. However,
447:
were not upgraded to the ambassadorial level until 1972.
27:
Head of diplomatic mission when no higher official exists
694:
692:
690:
1700:
885:. House of Commons. 13 March 1972. col. 31–35.
1616:
1590:
1492:
1316:
1245:
1225:
1197:
1141:
1108:
1092:
1047:
1014:
1005:
998:
660:
658:
575:is capitalized. Following the French declension,
579:(with the feminine ending) may be seen where the
213:(French) and sometimes in colloquial English to
673:U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual
406:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758
412:becomes the most top-ranked de facto envoy to
972:
167:
8:
709:
707:
951:eDiplomat.com: Glossary of Diplomatic Terms
280:may be appointed for an indefinite period.
1011:
1002:
979:
965:
957:
174:
160:
54:
844:"Embassy issues another angry statement"
698:
639:"diplomacy - Modern diplomatic practice"
1707:
764:. Oxford University Press. p. 99.
630:
57:
301:, counsellor, or embassy secretary as
1164:Conseiller chargé des investissements
196:
43:and his wife visiting U.S. President
7:
1683:
901:"Cyprus Diplomatic Missions Abroad"
25:
877:"China (Exchange of Ambassadors)"
1710:
1682:
1671:
1670:
797:Freeman, Charles W. Jr. (1993).
559:generally follows French usage:
1658:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
882:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
740:"U.S. Relations With Venezuela"
718:. Scarecrow Press. p. 48.
716:International Law: A Dictionary
714:Boczek, Boleslaw Adam (2005).
1:
494:in that, like all diplomats,
1653:Twin towns and sister cities
400:recalled the ambassador to
223:who serves as an embassy's
1749:
1646:Plenipotentiary Conference
429:People's Republic of China
1666:
937:"Chargé d'Affaires"
816:Chargé d'Affaires ad hoc.
478:to its embassies abroad.
1636:Parliamentary delegation
1515:Diplomatic accreditation
1281:African Diplomatic Corps
1022:Permanent representative
490:essentially differ from
77:Permanent representative
1084:Deputy chief of mission
1039:Resident representative
943:Encyclopædia Britannica
243:; the feminine form is
97:Deputy chief of mission
1530:Diplomatic credentials
760:Denza, Eileen (2016).
666:"2 FAM 320 Precedence"
445:Sino-British relations
435:in the new capital of
317:diplomatic credentials
227:in the absence of the
52:
1121:Resident commissioner
1093:Bilateral-subnational
799:Diplomat's dictionary
471:appoints a number of
431:in 1950 and posted a
207:, often shortened to
194:French pronunciation:
35:
1253:Apostolic nunciature
1153:Agricultural attaché
848:nationmultimedia.com
552:Spelling and grammar
529:), the first French
467:. For example, the
454:presents his or her
375:In certain cases, a
198:[ʃaʁʒedafɛʁ]
142:Agricultural attaché
1545:Diplomatic immunity
1505:Consular assistance
1034:Ambassador-at-large
776:Chargés d'affaires
500:rank and precedence
394:Blue Diamond Affair
330:letters of credence
299:minister-counsellor
1603:Letter of credence
1565:Diplomatic uniform
1560:Diplomatic service
1540:Diplomatic illness
1535:Diplomatic history
1288:Diplomatic mission
1205:Diplomatic courier
1185:Trade commissioner
1048:Bilateral-national
832:. 26 January 2022.
675:. October 18, 2011
577:chargée d'affaires
565:chargés d'affaires
488:chargés d'affaires
473:chargés d'affaires
469:Republic of Cyprus
352:chargés d'affaires
345:chargés d'affaires
334:Chargés d'affaires
323:Chargés d'affaires
310:chargés d'affaires
292:Chargés d'affaires
262:chargés d'affaires
246:chargée d'affaires
204:chargés d'affaires
53:
1698:
1697:
1608:Letter of protest
1576:Persona non grata
1510:Consular immunity
1308:Exclusive mandate
1241:
1240:
1193:
1192:
1158:Chargé de mission
1109:Bilateral-insular
1073:Chargé d'affaires
1060:High commissioner
746:. July 20, 2015.
561:chargé d'affaires
557:Chargé d'affaires
546:chargé d'affaires
531:chargé d'affaires
525:(most of present
511:chargé d'affaires
452:chargé d'affaires
433:chargé d'affaires
410:chargé d'affaires
382:chargé d'affaires
377:chargé d'affaires
303:chargé d'affaires
278:chargé d'affaires
270:chargé d'affaires
258:international law
189:chargé d'affaires
184:
183:
117:Chargé d'affaires
107:Resident minister
72:High commissioner
41:chargé d'affaires
18:Charge d’affaires
16:(Redirected from
1740:
1733:Diplomatic ranks
1715:
1714:
1706:
1686:
1685:
1674:
1673:
1525:Diplomatic cable
1303:Protecting power
1276:Diplomatic corps
1217:Foreign minister
1210:King's Messenger
1175:Military attaché
1170:Cultural attaché
1012:
1003:
981:
974:
967:
958:
947:
939:
917:
916:
914:
912:
907:on 25 April 2016
903:. Archived from
897:
891:
890:
873:
867:
866:
860:
859:
850:. Archived from
840:
834:
833:
826:
820:
819:
794:
788:
787:
757:
751:
750:
736:
730:
729:
711:
702:
696:
685:
684:
682:
680:
670:
662:
653:
652:
650:
649:
635:
567:for plural. The
539:resident-general
371:-level relations
239:is masculine in
225:chief of mission
200:
195:
176:
169:
162:
137:Cultural attaché
132:Military attaché
55:
21:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1662:
1624:Development aid
1612:
1586:
1555:Diplomatic rank
1488:
1312:
1293:High commission
1237:
1233:Diplomatic rank
1221:
1189:
1180:Science attaché
1137:
1104:
1088:
1079:Head of mission
1043:
1007:
994:
985:
955:
930:
926:
921:
920:
910:
908:
899:
898:
894:
875:
874:
870:
857:
855:
842:
841:
837:
828:
827:
823:
809:
796:
795:
791:
772:
759:
758:
754:
738:
737:
733:
726:
713:
712:
705:
697:
688:
678:
676:
668:
664:
663:
656:
647:
645:
637:
636:
632:
627:
622:
614:Head of mission
600:
554:
486:In modern use,
484:
373:
315:do not possess
289:
274:diplomatic rank
193:
180:
151:
147:Science attaché
87:Head of mission
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1746:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1680:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Diplomatic law
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Diplomatic bag
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1258:Consular corps
1255:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1226:Classification
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1142:By portfolio (
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1027:United Nations
1018:
1016:
1009:
1000:
996:
995:
986:
984:
983:
976:
969:
961:
954:
953:
948:
934:, ed. (1911).
932:Chisholm, Hugh
927:
925:
922:
919:
918:
892:
868:
835:
821:
807:
789:
770:
752:
731:
725:978-0810850781
724:
703:
686:
654:
629:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
616:
611:
606:
599:
596:
586:For temporary
553:
550:
483:
480:
372:
365:
288:
282:
231:. The term is
182:
181:
179:
178:
171:
164:
156:
153:
152:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
63:
60:
59:
45:Woodrow Wilson
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1745:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Paradiplomacy
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:Full-spectrum
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1133:Agent-general
1131:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:leader titles
1004:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
982:
977:
975:
970:
968:
963:
962:
959:
952:
949:
945:
944:
938:
933:
929:
928:
923:
906:
902:
896:
893:
889:
884:
883:
878:
872:
869:
865:
854:on 2010-09-22
853:
849:
845:
839:
836:
831:
825:
822:
818:
817:
810:
808:9780788125669
804:
800:
793:
790:
786:
784:
779:
773:
771:9780198703969
767:
763:
756:
753:
749:
745:
741:
735:
732:
727:
721:
717:
710:
708:
704:
700:
699:Chisholm 1911
695:
693:
691:
687:
674:
667:
661:
659:
655:
644:
640:
634:
631:
624:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
595:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:is singular,
562:
558:
551:
549:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
481:
479:
477:
474:
470:
466:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
370:
366:
364:
362:
358:
357:
353:
349:
346:
342:
338:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
318:
314:
311:
307:
304:
300:
296:
293:
287:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
212:
211:
206:
205:
199:
191:
190:
177:
172:
170:
165:
163:
158:
157:
155:
154:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
64:
62:
61:
56:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1688:
1676:
1617:Other topics
1574:
1484:Wolf warrior
1268:
1162:
1072:
1071:
1015:Multilateral
941:
909:. Retrieved
905:the original
895:
886:
880:
871:
862:
856:. Retrieved
852:the original
847:
838:
824:
815:
812:
798:
792:
782:
777:
775:
761:
755:
747:
743:
734:
715:
677:. Retrieved
672:
646:. Retrieved
642:
633:
591:
587:
585:
580:
576:
572:
569:"d'affaires"
568:
564:
560:
556:
555:
545:
543:
530:
510:
508:
503:
495:
487:
485:
475:
472:
464:
459:
451:
449:
432:
424:
420:
418:
409:
404:right after
386:Saudi Arabia
381:
376:
374:
368:
360:
354:
351:
347:
344:
336:
333:
325:
322:
321:
312:
309:
305:
302:
294:
291:
290:
285:
277:
269:
261:
253:
251:
245:
244:
236:
215:
214:
209:
208:
203:
202:
188:
187:
185:
116:
112:Papal legate
40:
29:
1500:Appeasement
1198:Other roles
583:is female.
544:In French,
517:. Thus, in
492:ambassadors
456:credentials
51:in May 1913
49:White House
1582:Soft power
1454:Preventive
1444:Pilgrimage
1339:Commercial
1055:Ambassador
1006:Diplomatic
858:2013-03-12
778:ad interim
648:2021-11-21
643:Britannica
620:References
604:Ambassador
592:ad interim
367:Long-term
348:ad interim
341:precedence
313:ad interim
306:ad interim
295:ad interim
229:ambassador
201:), plural
67:Ambassador
1598:Exequatur
1591:Documents
1449:Ping-pong
1419:Migration
1394:Guerrilla
1384:Freelance
1359:Debt-trap
1329:Checkbook
1263:Consulate
992:diplomats
988:Diplomacy
625:Citations
284:Types of
266:outranked
58:Diplomats
1727:Category
1717:Politics
1677:Category
1629:Agencies
1570:Protocol
1479:Track II
1374:Economic
1349:Culinary
1344:Cultural
1334:Coercive
1298:Legation
1269:De facto
1116:Resident
679:20 March
598:See also
515:resident
450:Since a
398:Holy See
390:Thailand
361:en titre
221:diplomat
216:charge-D
102:Minister
1689:Commons
1474:Stadium
1469:Shuttle
1464:Science
1414:Medical
1404:Hostage
1399:Gunboat
1364:Digital
1354:Defence
1271:embassy
1246:Offices
1144:Attaché
924:Sources
783:en pied
609:Attaché
588:chargés
527:Vietnam
504:chargés
496:chargés
482:History
476:en pied
437:Beijing
337:en pied
326:en pied
286:chargés
219:, is a
127:Attaché
47:at the
1703:Portal
1641:Summit
1493:Topics
1459:Public
1439:Parley
1379:Energy
1369:Dollar
1324:Caviar
1100:Consul
1065:Nuncio
911:19 May
805:
768:
722:
581:chargé
573:Chargé
523:Tonkin
465:chargé
460:chargé
441:Taipei
425:chargé
421:chargé
414:Taipei
402:Taipei
396:. The
369:chargé
356:ad hoc
254:chargé
241:gender
237:Chargé
233:French
210:chargé
122:Consul
82:Nuncio
37:Persia
1429:Panda
1317:Types
1128:Envoy
999:Roles
669:(PDF)
519:Annam
343:over
339:have
92:Envoy
1409:Iron
990:and
913:2013
803:ISBN
766:ISBN
720:ISBN
681:2016
388:and
276:, a
264:are
1424:New
888:do.
535:Huế
533:at
359:or
39:'s
1729::
940:.
879:.
861:.
846:.
811:.
774:.
742:.
706:^
689:^
671:.
657:^
641:.
590:,
502:,
443:.
363:.
319:.
252:A
249:.
186:A
1705::
1146:)
980:e
973:t
966:v
915:.
728:.
701:.
683:.
651:.
521:-
192:(
175:e
168:t
161:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
