Knowledge (XXG)

Charito

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emperor's name, obeyed his command, though most unwillingly. So the commander of the cavalry, just now so haughty and self-confident, following another's behest, was set upon the first horse that could be found and brought before the emperor like a base captive, scarcely keeping his wits through terror. But when at first sight of Julian he saw that the opportunity was given him of bowing down to the purple, taking heart at last and no longer in fear for his life, he said: "Incautiously and rashly, my Emperor, you have trusted yourself with a few followers to another's territory." To which Julian replied with a bitter smile: "Reserve these wise words for Constantius, for I have offered you the emblem of imperial majesty, not as to a counsellor, but that you might cease to fear." -
343:"Now passing over ancient times, of those who have reigned in our own generation, nine in all, only two have ended their life by a natural death; and of the others one was slain by a usurper, one in battle, one by a conspiracy of his household guards, one by the very man who elected him, and invested him with the purple, and of their wives some, as it is reported, perished by poison, others died of mere sorrow; while of those who still survive one, who has an orphan son, is trembling with alarm lest any of those who are in power dreading what may happen in the future should destroy him, another has reluctantly yielded to much entreaty to return from the exile into which she had been driven by him who held the chief power." 645:. This man, being conscious of deceit and wrongdoing, fled for refuge to the army and falsely asserted that Julianus was still alive and that a man of no distinction had raised a rebellion; in consequence of his falsehoods a veritable storm broke out among the soldiery, and Lucillianus and Seniauchus were killed. For Valentinianus, who was shortly afterwards emperor, in terror and not knowing where to turn, was safely gotten out of the way by Primitivus, his guest-friend. This sad news was followed by another message, this time a happy one, namely, that soldiers sent by Jovinus, heads of the divisions, as camp parlance termed them, were on the way, reporting that the Gallic army embraced with favour the rule of Jovian - 323:
husband. Her disappointment and grief were imbittered by the anxiety of maternal tenderness. Six weeks before the death of Jovian, his infant son had been placed in the curule chair, adorned with the title of Nobilissimus, and the vain ensigns of the consulship. Unconscious of his fortune, the royal youth, who, from his grandfather, assumed the name of Varronian, was reminded only by the jealousy of the government, that he was the son of an emperor. Sixteen years afterwards he was still alive, but he had already been deprived of an eye; and his afflicted mother expected every hour, that the innocent victim would be torn from her arms, to appease, with his blood, the suspicions of the reigning prince."
562:, at the same stroke taking away with him Florentius, who was also prefect. Nonetheless, Count Lucillianus, who then commanded the troops stationed in those regions, with headquarters at Sirmium, having some slight intelligence of Julian's move, gathered together such forces as regard for speedy action allowed to be summoned from the neighbouring stations and planned to resist him when he should arrive. But Julian, like a meteor or a blazing dart, hastened with winged speed to his goal; and when he had come to Bononea, distant nineteen miles from Sirmium, as the moon was waning and therefore making dark the greater part of the night, he unexpectedly landed, and at once sent 506:. Having therefore tarried there for a long time, since they saw that the king was most obstinately hardened against accepting peace, unless the dominion over those regions should be made over to him, they returned without fulfilling their mission. Afterwards Count Lucillianus was despatched, together with Procopius, at that time state secretary, to accomplish the self-same thing with like insistence on the conditions; the latter afterwards, bound as it were by a knot of stern necessity, rose in revolution. - 599:, in order to attend to any difficulties there, or if (as was now rather to be feared) any new dangers should arise, to resist them. To these instructions the emperor had added a secret letter, in which he also directed Lucillianus to take with him some men selected for their tried vigour and loyalty, with the view of making use of their support as the condition of affairs might suggest. And he took the prudent step of appointing Malarichus, who also was even then living in 510:; "When our scouts had returned there, we found in the scabbard of a sword a parchment written in cipher, which had been brought to us by order of Procopius, who, as I said before, had previously been sent as an envoy to the Persians with Count Lucillianus. In this, with intentional obscurity, for fear that, if the bearers were taken and the meaning of the message known, most disastrous consequences would follow, he gave the following message: 742:
prophecy was fulfilled, he could not attain the other prediction. For after learning of the elevation of his son, he was overtaken by death before seeing him again. And since it was foretold to the old man in a dream that the highest magistracy awaited one of that name, his grandson Varronianus, then still a child, was ... made consul together with his father Jovianus." -
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expectations, when raised to a high rank, might show great zeal in supporting the position of his benefactor, which was still uncertain. Also the men who were commissioned to carry out these plans were ordered to set the course of events in a favourable light, and wherever they went, to agree with each other in spreading the report that the
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in a private capacity, as successor to Jovinus, commander of the cavalry in Gaul, sending him the insignia of that rank. Thereby he aimed at a double advantage: first, in getting rid of a general of distinguished service and therefore an object of suspicion; and, second, the hope that a man of slight
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According to Ammianus: "It was said that his father, Varronianus, learned what would happen long beforehand from the suggestion of a dream, and trusted the information to two of his confidential friends, adding the remark that the consular robe would be conferred also on himself. But although one
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with a light-armed force to summon Lucillianus, and if he tried to resist, to bring him by force. The prefect was still asleep, and when he was awakened by the noise and confusion and saw himself surrounded by a ring of strangers, he understood the situation and, overcome with fear on hearing the
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had been brought to a successful end. They were to hasten their journey by adding night to day, to put into the hands of the governors and the military commanders of the provinces the messages of the new emperor, to secretly sound the sentiments of all of them, and to return steadily with their
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who were at Sirmium, and were left there for its protection, as soon as they received the news, put to death Lucilianus who brought such unwelcome intelligence, without regard to his relationship to the emperor. Such was the respect they had to Jovian's relations, that Valentinian himself only
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The body of Jovian was sent to Constantinople, to be interred with his predecessors, and the sad procession was met on the road by his wife Charito, the daughter of Count Lucillian; who still wept the recent death of her father, and was hastening to dry her tears in the embraces of an Imperial
777:, after the necessary arrangements for his procession had been made, so far as the conditions allowed, he assumed the consulship, taking as his colleague in the office his son Varronianus, who was still a small child; and his crying and obstinate resistance to being carried, as usual, on the 278:
reports that Charito and Jovian did not meet each other during his reign, a possible error according to the Dictionary. On 17 February 364, Jovian died at Dadastana and various accounts have survived debating the manner of his death. Ammianus, for instance, compares his death with that of
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According to Zosimus, Lucillianus was murdered for being the bearer of the bad news about the death of Julian. The two accounts differ in the location of the death, Rheims or Sirmium, and on which units were responsible. Ammianus leaves it vague while Zosimus points at specific units.
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was the first to identify the poisoned emperor with Jovian and the son with Varronianus. Gibbon and others have followed this interpretation. Tillemont assumed that Varronianus was eventually executed but there is no ancient or medieval text supporting the notion.
253:. He died a few hours following the end of the conflict. He was childless and had never designated an heir. On 27 June, the remaining officers of the campaign proceeded to elect a new emperor, selecting Jovian for unclear reasons. Charito became the new empress. 591:, and the elevation of Jovian (after Julianus's decease) to Augustan rank. To them the emperor had also given instructions to hand his father-in‑law Lucillianus, who after his dismissal from the army had retired to a life of leisure and was then living at 558:, was on the way with a numerous army and puffed up by sundry successes. Alarmed by this news, the pretorian prefect Taurus speedily retreated, as if avoiding a foreign enemy, and using the rapid changes of the public courier-service, he crossed the 262: 633:, where on their return the secretary Procopius and the tribune Memoridus met him. They gave him an account of their missions, beginning (as order demanded) with the entry of Lucillianus with the tribunes Seniauchus and 641:. Then, as if that nation were in profound peace, he ran off the track (as the saying is), and quite out of season, since everything was not yet secure, devoted his attention to examining the accounts of a former 331:. "Another again, his successor, was destroyed by noxious drugs, and his cup was to him no longer drink, but death. And his son had an eye put out, from fear of what was to follow, though he had done no wrong." 657:"Jovian now turning his attention to the affairs of government, made various arrangements, and sent Lucilianus his father-in-law, Procopius, and Valentinian, who was afterwards emperor, to the armies in 347:
The original passage is quite vague in not actually naming the emperors or empresses mentioned. The interpretation given by Gibbon and others identifies the two emperors who died of natural causes with
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by Constantius II and later executed by orders of the same emperor. The empress trembling for the life of her son is thought to be Charito. The one returning from exile is tentatively identified with
494:, bearing letters and gifts from the emperor, and demanded peace with no change in the present status. Mindful of the emperor's instructions, they sacrificed no whit of the advantage and majesty of 538:, and, urged on by Antoninus, aspired to the rule of the entire Orient. When it had been read, with the greatest difficulty because of its excessive ambiguity, a sagacious plan was formed." - 490:
According to Ammianus:"On these very same days Prosper, Spectatus, and Eustathius, who had been sent as envoys to the Persians (as we have shown above), approached the king on his return to
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Ammianus and Zosimus give two slightly different accounts on the role of the imperial father-in-law in the brief reign of Jovian. Lucillianus was reinstated and received orders to move to
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claims that Varronianus was one of two sons. The other son is not named. However this brief mention is the only source mentioning or suggesting the existence of a second son.
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N. J. E. Austin and N. B. Rankov, "Exploratio:Military and Political Intelligence in the Roman World from the Second Punic War to the Battle of Adrianople" (1998), page 224.
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replies, in order that as soon as it was learned how matters stood in the distant provinces, timely and careful plans might be made for safeguarding the imperial power." -
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The return of Lucillianus to action would result in his death sometime later. He was killed by his own men after a false rumour indicated that Julian was still alive.
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According to Ammianus:"Rumour, which with a thousand tongues, as men say, strangely exaggerates the truth, spread herself abroad with many reports throughout all
206:"take with him some men selected for their tried vigour and loyalty, with the view of making use of their support as the condition of affairs might suggest" 1836: 1673: 928: 332: 528:
with many nations. He is naturally passionate and very cruel, and he has as an instigator and abetter the successor of the former Roman emperor
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and comes domesticorum. Varronianus retired into private life during the reign of Julian. Jovian had also pursued a military career, serving as
1749: 1715: 1557: 637:, whom he had taken with him, into Mediolanum; but on learning that Malarichus had refused to accept the position he had gone at full speed to 122:, one of the main sources for the reign of her husband. The earliest source recording her name appears to be the "Chronographikon syntomon" of 937: 1826: 794: 757:
Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies.
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reports that Jovian "by the kindness of the emperors that succeeded him, was enrolled among the gods", which indicates the practice of the
498:, insisting that a treaty of friendship ought to be established with the condition that no move should be made to disturb the position of 431:, 1740, i. p. 1-238; and Garland, Lynda, Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527-1204, Psychology Press, 1999, p. 229. 1678: 134:
considers her absence from the account of Ammianus to reflect her lack of political influence. Barnes notes that Ammianus does not name
1623: 1420: 580: 551: 436: 1202: 881: 718: 697: 372:, since Chrysostom expressed the same belief in another of his texts. The one killed by the man who elevated him to the purple was 1821: 1450: 392:. However the identification is very doubtful in this case as her life following her divorce is not recorded by other sources. 1425: 1354: 499: 155: 123: 83: 754: 1506: 1445: 921: 563: 1633: 1562: 1547: 1415: 1247: 1232: 761: 290: 267: 1495: 1088: 449: 294: 239: 131: 73: 516:
have been sent far away and perhaps are to be killed, that aged king, not content with Hellespontus, will bridge the
595:, the commission as commander of the cavalry and infantry which he had delivered to them, and urge him to hasten to 270:
notes Charito and their son had joined the Emperor by the end of 363, a fact that can be determined by a passage of
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Select Works of Emperor Julian (1786), English anthology including a translation of the History of Jovian, p. 364.
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The reference to the fate of Charito comes from the "Letter to a Young Widow" by John Chrysostom, written c. 380.
127: 189:, negotiating terms of peace and returning without results. Lucillianus later attempted to counter the advance of 1668: 1552: 1490: 1456: 1169: 846:
Section about her in "Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality" by Timothy David Barnes
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John Chrysostom, "Homilies on Philippians.", 19th century translation, edited by Philip Schaff (1819 - 1913)
39: 605: 507: 1770: 1299: 1109: 228: 99: 610: 1643: 1581: 1512: 1369: 981: 600: 286: 257: 1744: 1663: 1522: 1430: 1257: 1063: 1026: 782: 743: 646: 568: 539: 119: 1722: 1705: 1685: 1648: 1628: 1480: 1114: 588: 182: 151: 103: 1695: 1653: 1613: 1568: 1475: 1349: 1021: 996: 805: 785:. The historian interprets the crying consul as an ill omen, preceding the early death of Jovian. 678: 373: 175: 293:
continued at least to this point in time. Zonaras reports both Jovian and Charito buried in the
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Edward Gibbon , "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", vol. 2, chapter 25
534:" ; "This writing meant that the king of the Persians had crossed the rivers Anzaba and 1800:
indicates a consort to an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper, and
1782: 1732: 1727: 1638: 1618: 1601: 1537: 1517: 1388: 1359: 1309: 1154: 1098: 1056: 1046: 1036: 971: 579:"Procopius, a state-secretary, and the military tribune Memoridus were sent to the lands of 369: 224: 190: 95: 61: 1690: 1658: 1591: 1542: 1462: 1287: 1282: 1267: 1242: 1164: 1119: 1011: 1006: 1001: 986: 961: 888: 816: 525: 328: 327:
The reference to Varronianus being half-blind comes from the "Homilies on Philippians" by
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The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, vol. 2, Book 25, chapter 10. 1940 translation
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The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, vol. 2, Book 25, chapter 10. 1940 translation
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The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, vol. 2, Book 25, chapter 10. 1940 translation
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The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, vol. 1, Book 17, chapter 14. 1935 translation
28: 1737: 1596: 1527: 1470: 1277: 1129: 1073: 1068: 1041: 991: 966: 611:
The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, vol. 2, Book 25, chapter 8. 1940 translation
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The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, vol. 2, Book 21, chapter 9. 1940 translation
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The Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus, vol. 1, Book 18, chapter 6. 1935 translation
452:, "Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality" (1998), page 123. 377: 353: 298: 193:
and his forces against Constantius. He was defeated however and was dismissed from the
163: 135: 830: 1815: 1765: 1710: 1700: 1400: 1364: 1324: 1319: 1217: 1134: 898: 866:
Page of "Failure of the Empire" giving the sources for the sons of Jovian and Charito
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John Chrysostom, "Letter to a Young Widow.", 1886 translation by W. R. W. Stephens
126:. The earliest Latin source doing so was a translation of the chronographikon by 1051: 906: 559: 554:, saying that Julian, after overthrowing a great number of kings and nations in 503: 263:
Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century
233: 107: 1272: 946: 661:, to inform them of the death of Julian, and of his being chosen emperor. The 630: 596: 584: 555: 396: 361: 271: 201: 194: 1329: 1174: 976: 662: 521: 491: 186: 730: 692:; translation by Philip R. Amidon. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2007 470: 1485: 1410: 1293: 1159: 1144: 658: 532:;unless Greece takes heed, it is all over with her and her dirge chanted. 357: 399:
and comments "no one had ever more need of the solid consolations which
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Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
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The section of the "History of Jovian" mentioning her fate as a widow
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Page of Philostorgius mentioning the two sons of Jovian and Charito
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Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century
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Eutropius, Abridgement of Roman History, Book 10. 1853 translation
638: 626: 171: 102:. Some historians doubt whether Charito was granted the title of 94:(flourished mid-4th century AD) was a Roman Empress, consort of 910: 227:, a son of Varronianus. Her father-in-law was tribune of the 666:
escaped from the death they intended to inflict on him."
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The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
166:. He had served as a commander in a conflict with the 466: 464: 462: 460: 458: 238:
under Julian. They had at least one son, also named
1758: 1387: 1308: 1256: 1143: 1087: 945: 249:On 26 June 363, Julian was mortally wounded in the 158:. Lucillianus was a military commander situated in 79: 67: 57: 53: 45: 38: 21: 713:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002 418: 416: 185:formed the second embassy sent by Constantius to 773:Ammianus records:"When the emperor had entered 668:Zosimus, New History, Book 3. 1814 translation. 341: 320: 256:Jovianus and the younger Varronianus served as 922: 8: 1796:indicates a consort to a junior co-emperor, 364:. The one killed in battle is thought to be 826: 824: 781:, were an omen of what presently occurred." 395:Bleterie considered Charito to have been a 1832:Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles 1253: 929: 915: 907: 870: 731:Walter E. Roberts and Michael DiMaio, Jr," 360:, assassinated by orders of rival emperor 27: 18: 471:Thomas Banchich , "Jovian (363-364 A.D.)" 368:. The one assassinated by his guards was 204:. In secret, Jovianus also asked him to 412: 851:Section mentioning him in "Exploratio" 625:, and making long marches arrived at 7: 333:Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont 283:and seems to have suspected murder. 142:, whose influence was also limited. 1837:Ancient Romans from unknown gentes 118:Charito's name does not appear in 14: 356:. The one slain by a usurper was 197:when Julian rose to the throne. 124:Nikephoros I of Constantinople 1: 1804:incidates an empress regnant. 690:Philostorgius: Church History 621:"After this the emperor left 181:In 358 -359, Lucillianus and 110:evidence as yet confirms it. 1634:Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera 700:; Book 8, chapter 8, p. 114. 154:, Charito was a daughter of 1827:4th-century Roman empresses 587:, to announce the death of 512:Now that the envoys of the 295:Church of the Holy Apostles 40:Empress of the Roman Empire 16:Empress of the Roman Empire 1853: 170:in 350. He then served as 150:According to Ammianus and 128:Anastasius Bibliothecarius 1791: 1669:Elena Asenina of Bulgaria 1170:Flavia Maximiana Theodora 895: 886: 878: 873: 162:during the late reign of 33:Imaginary portrait (1587) 26: 1587:Eudokia Makrembolitissa 1193:Flavia Julia Constantia 427:de La Bléterie, J. P., 49:June 363 – February 364 1822:4th-century Christians 1110:Marcia Otacilia Severa 709:Noel Emmanuel Lenski, 345: 325: 1674:Theodora Palaiologina 1644:Anna Komnene Angelina 1582:Catherine of Bulgaria 1513:Eudokia Dekapolitissa 982:Agrippina the Younger 889:Roman empress consort 1745:Sophia of Montferrat 1664:Anna of Hohenstaufen 1523:Theophano Martinakia 1431:Theodora of Khazaria 1064:Julia Cornelia Paula 1027:Faustina the Younger 120:Ammianus Marcellinus 1723:Keratsa of Bulgaria 1706:Helena Kantakouzene 1686:Irene of Montferrat 1649:Philippa of Armenia 1629:Margaret of Hungary 1481:Theophano of Athens 1300:Julius Nepos's wife 1115:Herennia Etruscilla 938:Roman and Byzantine 524:and come to invade 1750:Maria of Trebizond 1716:Irene Palaiologina 1696:Irene of Brunswick 1654:Maria of Courtenay 1614:Bertha of Sulzbach 1022:Faustina the Elder 997:Statilia Messalina 755:Thomas Banchich , 429:Histoire de Jovien 374:Constantius Gallus 176:Constantius Gallus 172:comes domesticorum 1809: 1808: 1778:Byzantine emperor 1607:Dobrodeia of Kiev 1383: 1382: 1187:Valeria Maximilla 1125:Cornelia Salonina 1079:Sallustia Orbiana 905: 904: 896:Succeeded by 764:, entry "Jovian". 606:Parthian campaign 403:alone can give". 281:Scipio Aemilianus 251:Battle of Samarra 89: 88: 1844: 1728:Irene Gattilusio 1639:Eudokia Angelina 1619:Maria of Antioch 1602:Irene of Hungary 1538:Zoe Karbonopsina 1518:Eudokia Ingerina 1391:Byzantine Empire 1254: 1099:Caecilia Paulina 1057:Fulvia Plautilla 1047:Manlia Scantilla 1037:Bruttia Crispina 972:Milonia Caesonia 931: 924: 917: 908: 879:Preceded by 871: 833: 828: 819: 814: 808: 803: 797: 792: 786: 771: 765: 752: 746: 739: 733: 728: 722: 707: 701: 687: 681: 676: 670: 655: 649: 619: 613: 577: 571: 548: 542: 488: 482: 479: 473: 468: 453: 447: 441: 420: 384:, first wife of 223:Charito married 31: 19: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1787: 1754: 1691:Rita of Armenia 1679:Anna of Hungary 1659:Irene Laskarina 1624:Agnes of France 1592:Maria of Alania 1543:Helena Lekapene 1393: 1390: 1379: 1312: 1304: 1288:Marcia Euphemia 1283:Licinia Eudoxia 1260: 1252: 1243:Aelia Flaccilla 1165:Galeria Valeria 1147: 1139: 1120:Cornelia Supera 1091: 1083: 1012:Pompeia Plotina 1007:Domitia Longina 1002:Galeria Fundana 987:Claudia Octavia 962:Livia Orestilla 949: 941: 935: 901: 892: 884: 842: 837: 836: 829: 822: 815: 811: 804: 800: 793: 789: 772: 768: 753: 749: 740: 736: 729: 725: 708: 704: 688: 684: 677: 673: 656: 652: 620: 616: 578: 574: 549: 545: 489: 485: 480: 476: 469: 456: 448: 444: 421: 414: 409: 329:John Chrysostom 307: 276:Joannes Zonaras 221: 168:Sassanid Empire 148: 116: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1850: 1848: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1814: 1813: 1807: 1806: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1762: 1760: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1738:Anna of Moscow 1730: 1725: 1720: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1599: 1597:Irene Doukaina 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1572: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1533:Eudokia Baïana 1530: 1528:Zoe Zaoutzaina 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1471:Maria of Amnia 1468: 1460: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1395: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1310:Eastern Empire 1306: 1305: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1278:Galla Placidia 1275: 1270: 1264: 1262: 1258:Western Empire 1251: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1151: 1149: 1141: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1130:Ulpia Severina 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1095: 1093: 1085: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1076: 1074:Annia Faustina 1071: 1069:Aquilia Severa 1066: 1061: 1049: 1044: 1042:Flavia Titiana 1039: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 992:Poppaea Sabina 989: 984: 979: 974: 969: 967:Lollia Paulina 964: 959: 953: 951: 950:27 BC – AD 235 943: 942: 936: 934: 933: 926: 919: 911: 903: 902: 897: 894: 893:363–364 885: 880: 876: 875: 869: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 841: 840:External links 838: 835: 834: 820: 809: 798: 787: 766: 747: 734: 723: 702: 682: 671: 650: 614: 572: 543: 483: 474: 454: 450:Timothy Barnes 442: 437:978-0415146883 411: 410: 408: 405: 388:and mother of 366:Constantine II 354:Constantius II 318:reports that: 306: 303: 299:Constantinople 220: 217: 164:Constantius II 147: 144: 136:Albia Dominica 132:Timothy Barnes 115: 112: 108:archaeological 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 71: 65: 64: 59: 55: 54: 51: 50: 47: 43: 42: 36: 35: 32: 24: 23: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1849: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1766:Roman emperor 1764: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1733:Helena Dragaš 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1711:Irene Asanina 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1701:Anna of Savoy 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1573: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1401:Fabia Eudokia 1399: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1386: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1365:Ino Anastasia 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1325:Aelia Eudocia 1323: 1321: 1320:Aelia Eudoxia 1318: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1218:Marina Severa 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1136: 1135:Magnia Urbica 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 954: 952: 948: 944: 939: 932: 927: 925: 920: 918: 913: 912: 909: 900: 899:Marina Severa 891: 890: 883: 877: 874:Royal titles 872: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 843: 839: 832: 827: 825: 821: 818: 813: 810: 807: 802: 799: 796: 791: 788: 784: 780: 776: 770: 767: 763: 759: 758: 751: 748: 745: 738: 735: 732: 727: 724: 720: 719:0-520-23332-8 716: 712: 706: 703: 699: 698:90-04-14671-7 695: 691: 686: 683: 680: 675: 672: 669: 664: 660: 654: 651: 648: 644: 640: 636: 635:Valentinianus 632: 628: 624: 618: 615: 612: 607: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 576: 573: 570: 565: 561: 557: 553: 547: 544: 541: 537: 533: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 487: 484: 478: 475: 472: 467: 465: 463: 461: 459: 455: 451: 446: 443: 440: 438: 434: 428: 424: 419: 417: 413: 406: 404: 402: 398: 393: 391: 387: 386:Valentinian I 383: 382:Marina Severa 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 350:Constantine I 344: 340: 337: 334: 330: 324: 319: 317: 316:Edward Gibbon 313: 312: 304: 302: 300: 296: 292: 291:Imperial cult 288: 284: 282: 277: 273: 269: 265: 264: 259: 258:Roman Consuls 254: 252: 247: 245: 244:Philostorgius 241: 237: 235: 230: 226: 218: 216: 212: 209: 207: 203: 198: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 145: 143: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 113: 111: 109: 105: 101: 100:Roman Emperor 97: 93: 85: 82: 78: 75: 72: 70: 66: 63: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 41: 37: 30: 25: 20: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1736: 1714: 1677: 1605: 1574: 1567: 1505: 1463: 1455: 1292: 1212: 1185: 1105:Tranquillina 1055: 1017:Vibia Sabina 887: 812: 801: 790: 779:curule chair 769: 756: 750: 737: 726: 710: 705: 689: 685: 674: 653: 629:, a town of 617: 575: 546: 511: 486: 477: 445: 430: 426: 422: 401:Christianity 394: 346: 342: 338: 326: 321: 309: 308: 285: 261: 260:in 364. The 255: 248: 236:domesticorum 232: 222: 213: 210: 205: 199: 180: 149: 117: 91: 90: 1798:underlining 1370:Constantina 1052:Julia Domna 560:Julian Alps 504:Mesopotamia 240:Varronianus 234:primicerius 156:Lucillianus 84:Lucillianus 74:Varronianus 1816:Categories 1501:Euphrosyne 1273:Thermantia 1233:Constantia 947:Principate 762:Henry Wace 631:Cappadocia 564:Dagalaifus 407:References 376:, created 362:Magnentius 272:Themistius 268:Henry Wace 202:Mediolanum 195:Roman army 138:, wife of 1553:Theophano 1491:Theodosia 1466:of Athens 1421:Anastasia 1330:Pulcheria 1175:Minervina 977:Messalina 940:empresses 663:Batavians 581:Illyricum 552:Illyricum 522:Rhyndacus 492:Ctesiphon 397:Christian 287:Eutropius 187:Shapur II 183:Procopius 1783:Augustae 1759:See also 1576:Theodora 1558:Theodora 1548:Theodora 1507:Theodora 1486:Prokopia 1476:Theodote 1411:Gregoria 1394:610–1453 1389:Eastern/ 1355:Theodora 1350:Euphemia 1294:Placidia 1203:Faustina 1160:Eutropia 1145:Dominate 882:Faustina 721:; p. 20. 659:Pannonia 589:Julianus 520:and the 518:Granicus 425:See also 358:Constans 1794:Italics 1451:Eudokia 1441:Tzitzak 1426:Eudokia 1406:Martina 1375:Leontia 1345:Zenonis 1340:Ariadne 1313:395–610 1261:395–480 1228:Domnica 1223:Justina 1213:Charito 1198:Eusebia 1148:284–610 1092:235–285 1032:Lucilla 643:actuary 593:Sirmium 530:Hadrian 500:Armenia 390:Gratian 229:Jovians 219:Empress 160:Sirmium 152:Zosimus 104:Augusta 92:Charito 22:Charito 1563:Helena 1496:Thekla 1416:Fausta 1360:Sophia 1335:Verina 1208:Helena 1181:Fausta 1155:Prisca 1089:Crisis 775:Ancyra 717:  696:  639:Rheims 623:Tarsus 536:Tigris 514:Greeks 435:  378:Caesar 370:Jovian 274:. But 225:Jovian 191:Julian 174:under 146:Family 140:Valens 106:as no 96:Jovian 80:Father 62:Jovian 58:Spouse 46:Tenure 1464:Irene 1446:Maria 1436:Maria 1268:Maria 1248:Galla 1238:Laeta 957:Livia 627:Tyana 601:Italy 597:Milan 305:Widow 69:Issue 1802:bold 1771:list 1735:(w. 1713:(w. 1676:(w. 1604:(w. 1457:Anna 1054:(w. 715:ISBN 694:ISBN 585:Gaul 583:and 556:Gaul 526:Asia 496:Rome 433:ISBN 352:and 114:Name 1569:Zoë 1177:(?) 1101:(?) 760:by 502:or 314:by 266:by 1818:: 823:^ 457:^ 415:^ 301:. 297:, 242:. 208:. 178:. 130:. 98:, 1741:) 1719:) 1682:) 1610:) 1060:) 930:e 923:t 916:v 439:.

Index


Empress of the Roman Empire
Jovian
Issue
Varronianus
Lucillianus
Jovian
Roman Emperor
Augusta
archaeological
Ammianus Marcellinus
Nikephoros I of Constantinople
Anastasius Bibliothecarius
Timothy Barnes
Albia Dominica
Valens
Zosimus
Lucillianus
Sirmium
Constantius II
Sassanid Empire
comes domesticorum
Constantius Gallus
Procopius
Shapur II
Julian
Roman army
Mediolanum
Jovian
Jovians

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