Knowledge (XXG)

Charity Island Light

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27: 28: 671: 1106: 283:(28 km; 17 mi), the Charity Island lens had a range of 13 nautical miles. In 1900, an acetylene lens replaced the 4th order lens. The lights characteristic changed from steady white light to a flashing light, at 10 second intervals. "Charity Island lighthouse was the first on the Great Lakes to receive such a light 282:
It was originally equipped with a white, Fourth Order Fresnel lens. Fourth order Fresnel lenses were 28 inches (710 mm), with a focal length of 9.8 inches (250 mm), and used 5 ounces (140 g) of oil per hour. Although a lens in that configuration had a range of up to 15 nautical miles
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which was constructed in 1857 with a 39-foot (12 m) tower which provided a 13-nautical-mile (24 km; 15 mi) range of visibility. The Lighthouse Board was in the process of constructing a set of lights up and down the coast, and 13 nautical miles was considered adequate both to keep
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The Charity Island Preservation Committee of the Arenac County Historical Society is restoring the tower. The original keeper's house was razed, and a new restored private residence has been built in its place and on its foundation. It is being operated as a restaurant and a
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It is hard to get close enough to this light to see it. In this area, Lake Huron is quite shallow and rocky, and the light is too far out to be seen from shore. Getting a boat near it requires a motor, oars or a long paddle, and considerable care.
38: 1872: 297:; attached by a walkway was the tower. In 1907, the tower was extended to 45 feet (14 m) and the dwelling gained a second story. In 1917 the site was the first to be automated with an 788:(Rare historic images and text on Michigan's lost and obscure lighthouse, including bonus chapters on lightships and lighthouse tenders.) East Machias, Maine: Foghorn Publishing, 980: 1882: 887: 261:
were a major source of problems, posing an obstacle to lumber vessels. It was not until 1856, however, that funds were allocated to establish a light on the island.
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Maritime Heritage Project, Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Michigan Lighthouses, Charity Island Light.
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Lighthouse Central, Photographs, History, Directions and Way points for Charity Island Lighthouse,
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However, tours of the island (and dinner cruises) are commercially available on vessels named the
1620: 1565: 1540: 1454: 1449: 1298: 1247: 1175: 1090: 1065: 995: 945: 727: 1650: 1615: 1489: 1484: 1464: 1201: 1120: 1060: 1000: 955: 940: 789: 781: 747: 659: 579: 526: 518: 364: 356: 332: 294: 290: 234: 230: 1374: 1268: 1170: 1165: 1070: 843: 545: 444: 486: 1751: 1399: 1344: 1035: 766: 655: 589: 431: 142: 689: 1605: 920: 463: 298: 1856: 408: 309: 711: 700: 335:. A full list of past keepers of the light is maintained for historical reference. 1510: 608: 593: 272: 194: 560: 806: 250: 1840: 624: 355:. They include the privately owned and recently rebuilt Charity Island Light 275: 226: 218: 249:
being removed from Lower Michigan via the rivers that enter the lower end of
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was lit, and it rapidly fell apart. It wound up on the Lighthouse Digest "
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and President of the American Lighthouse Foundation), (September, 2009)
265: 138: 625:"Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Eastern Lower Peninsula" 246: 318:
Alternatively, another source states that the tower is owned by the
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Historic deteriorated Charity Island Light (before the rebuilding)
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boats off the island and to navigate from one light to the next.
815: 869: 462:. United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from 460:"Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Michigan" 516:
by Jerry Roach (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - July 2006).
363:. They are available from Charity Island Transport, Inc. in 844:
Terry Pepper, Charity Island Lighthouse, Seeing The Light.
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Anderson, Kraig, Lighthouse friends, Charity Island Light.
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Photos of Charity Island Lighthouse (current) and ferry.
563:, Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University 672:
Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Charity Island Light.
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and operated by the Arenac County Historical Society.
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Beacons in the Night, Michigan Lighthouse Chronology
1873:
Buildings and structures in Arenac County, Michigan
1820: 1679: 1503: 1307: 1261: 1230: 1189: 1113: 913: 200: 189: 181: 173: 165: 160: 148: 134: 126: 118: 110: 105: 66: 51: 834:Michigan Lighthouse project, Charity Island Light. 315:The Nature Conservancy is said to own the tower. 1807:Vidal Shoals Channel Range Front and Rear Lights 514:The Ultimate Guide to East Michigan Lighthouses 750:, Great Lakes Lighthouse Research, Phyllis Tag 881: 541: 539: 271:lantern displayed a fixed white Fourth Order 8: 445:Seeing The Light – Charity Island Lighthouse 22: 681: 679: 633:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 575: 573: 571: 569: 1812:Windmill Point Range Front and Rear Lights 1641:St. Clair Flats Front and Rear Range Light 888: 874: 866: 204:13 nautical miles (24 km; 15 mi) 36: 21: 1883:Transportation in Arenac County, Michigan 1253:Rouleau Point Range Front and Rear Lights 556: 554: 1727:Grassy Island South Channel Range Lights 1722:Grassy Island North Channel Range Lights 907:List of lighthouses in the United States 612:Interactive map on Michigan lighthouses. 304:The light was abandoned since 1939 when 1836:List of lifesaving stations in Michigan 604: 602: 391: 286:The light was fully automated in 1900. 822:Interactive map of lighthouses in area 701:Charity Island Preservation Committee. 454: 452: 245:In 1838, the region was the source of 1737:Grosse Ile South Channel Range Lights 1732:Grosse Ile North Channel Range Lights 1212:Round Island Light (St. Mary's River) 16:Lighthouse in Michigan, United States 7: 1056:Presque Isle Harbor Breakwater Light 1360:Grand Haven South Pierhead Entrance 851:Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes 748:Keepers of the Charity Island Light 724:"Lighthouses as bed and breakfasts" 1802:St. Mary's River Lower Range Front 14: 485:. terrypepper.com. Archived from 430:. terrypepper.com. Archived from 407:. terrypepper.com. Archived from 1365:Grand Haven South Pierhead Inner 1243:Keweenaw Waterway Upper Entrance 1238:Keweenaw Waterway Lower Entrance 1104: 1041:Ontonagon Harbor West Breakwater 548:, Seeing The Light, Terry Pepper 381:Lighthouses in the United States 320:U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 26: 1898:1857 establishments in Michigan 1661:Tri-Centennial Light of Detroit 359:'s house and a passing view of 312:" and required rehabilitation. 1888:Bed and breakfasts in Michigan 1792:Sand Beach North Entrance East 1742:Harwood Point East Range Front 971:Grand Island Harbor Rear Range 502:, The Michigan Lighthouse Fund 1: 1863:Lighthouses completed in 1857 1843:, Musselman Island lighthouse 760:Charity Island ferry service. 479:"Database of Original Lenses" 1666:William Livingstone Memorial 367:, on the mainland, south of 1531:Cheboygan River Front Range 1480:St. Joseph North Pier Outer 1475:St. Joseph North Pier Inner 1046:Portage River (Jacobsville) 828:Map of Michigan Lighthouses 424:"Database of Focal Heights" 401:"Database of Tower Heights" 1914: 1355:Grand Haven North Pierhead 1131:Manistique East Breakwater 1011:Marquette Breakwater Outer 1217:Six Mile Point Range Rear 1102: 1076:Sand Point Light (Baraga) 981:Grand Marais Range Lights 966:Grand Island East Channel 951:Eagle Harbor Range Lights 936:Copper Harbor Front Range 903: 859:United States Coast Guard 780:Harrison, Tim (editor of 546:Charity Island Lighthouse 208: 156: 47: 35: 1868:Houses completed in 1857 1680:Historical (lost) lights 1631:Saginaw River Rear Range 1445:Pentwater South Pierhead 1440:Pentwater North Pierhead 1231:Portage River/Ship Canal 1222:Winter Point Range Front 1114:Southern Upper Peninsula 914:Northern Upper Peninsula 786:Ghost Lights of Michigan 629:The Lighthouse Directory 152:White with black lantern 1878:Lighthouses in Michigan 1687:Au Sable North Pierhead 1601:Peche Island Rear Range 1504:Eastern Lower Peninsula 1308:Western Lower Peninsula 897:Lighthouses in Michigan 293:’s quarters was a wood 648:Home Begins at Charity 229:just off the coast of 1757:Mama Juda Range Front 1350:Frankfort South Range 1340:Charlevoix South Pier 818:- Visiting the island 686:National Park Service 580:Bostwick, Violet M., 90:44.03139°N 83.43556°W 1782:North Manitou Island 1470:South Manitou Island 1420:Mission Point (1933) 1315:Beaver Island Harbor 1289:Round Island Passage 1026:Munising Front Range 1021:Mendota (Bete Grise) 811:World List of Lights 807:Charity Island Light 582:Charity Island Light 500:Charity Island Light 361:Gravelly Shoal Light 215:Charity Island Light 23:Charity Island Light 1551:Fourteen Foot Shoal 1435:North Manitou Shoal 1425:Muskegon Breakwater 1262:Straits of Mackinac 1031:Munising Rear Range 961:Fourteen Mile Point 185:45 feet (14 m) 130:45 feet (14 m) 95:44.03139; -83.43556 86: /  32: 1767:Middle Lake George 1656:Thunder Bay Island 1611:Pointe aux Barques 1390:Little Sable Point 1320:Beaver Island Head 1279:Old Mackinac Point 1091:Thunder Bay Island 976:Grand Island North 765:2016-04-27 at the 654:2011-06-14 at the 588:2012-03-11 at the 1850: 1849: 1707:Ecorse Range Rear 1576:Mariners Memorial 1405:Manistee Pierhead 1294:St. Helena Island 1197:Frying Pan Island 1181:St. Martin Island 1146:Minneapolis Shoal 1081:St. Martin Island 830:from Michigan.gov 824:by LighthousesRus 794:978-0-9778293-3-0 782:Lighthouse Digest 662:, November, 1995. 660:Lighthouse Digest 531:978-0-9747977-1-7 365:Au Gres, Michigan 357:Lighthouse keeper 333:bed and breakfast 291:lighthouse keeper 235:Northern Michigan 212: 211: 1905: 1596:Old Presque Isle 1591:New Presque Isle 1546:Forty Mile Point 1516:Caseville Harbor 1460:South Fox Island 1410:Manning Memorial 1190:St. Mary's River 1151:Naubinway Island 1108: 1016:Marquette Harbor 890: 883: 876: 867: 862: 856: 769: 757: 751: 745: 739: 738: 736: 735: 726:. Archived from 720: 714: 709: 703: 698: 692: 683: 674: 669: 663: 643: 637: 636: 620: 614: 606: 597: 577: 564: 558: 549: 543: 534: 509: 503: 497: 491: 490: 483:Seeing the Light 474: 468: 467: 456: 447: 442: 436: 435: 428:Seeing the Light 419: 413: 412: 405:Seeing the Light 396: 101: 100: 98: 97: 96: 91: 87: 84: 83: 82: 79: 40: 33: 31: 30: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1816: 1747:Kalamazoo River 1675: 1586:Miller Memorial 1499: 1395:Little Traverse 1325:Big Sable Point 1303: 1257: 1226: 1185: 1156:Peninsula Point 1109: 1100: 1096:Whitefish Point 909: 899: 894: 854: 848: 803: 777: 775:Further reading 772: 767:Wayback Machine 758: 754: 746: 742: 733: 731: 722: 721: 717: 710: 706: 699: 695: 684: 677: 670: 666: 656:Wayback Machine 644: 640: 623:Rowlett, Russ. 622: 621: 617: 607: 600: 590:Wayback Machine 578: 567: 559: 552: 544: 537: 510: 506: 498: 494: 477:Pepper, Terry. 476: 475: 471: 458: 457: 450: 443: 439: 422:Pepper, Terry. 421: 420: 416: 399:Pepper, Terry. 398: 397: 393: 389: 377: 341: 328: 243: 94: 92: 88: 85: 80: 77: 75: 73: 72: 43: 24: 20: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1911: 1909: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1855: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1844: 1838: 1833: 1824: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1674: 1673: 1671:Windmill Point 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1646:Sturgeon Point 1643: 1638: 1636:Spectacle Reef 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1571:Lake St. Clair 1568: 1563: 1561:Gravelly Shoal 1558: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1526:Cheboygan Crib 1523: 1521:Charity Island 1518: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1385:Ile Aux Galets 1382: 1380:Holland Harbor 1377: 1372: 1370:Grand Traverse 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1274:McGulpin Point 1271: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1207:Point Iroquois 1204: 1199: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1161:Poverty Island 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1141:Menominee Pier 1138: 1133: 1128: 1126:Lansing Shoals 1123: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1051:Passage Island 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1006:Manitou Island 1003: 998: 993: 988: 986:Granite Island 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 917: 915: 911: 910: 904: 901: 900: 895: 893: 892: 885: 878: 870: 864: 863: 857:. Light List. 846: 841: 836: 831: 825: 819: 816:Charity Island 813: 802: 801:External links 799: 798: 797: 776: 773: 771: 770: 752: 740: 715: 704: 693: 675: 664: 646:Biggs, Jerry, 638: 615: 598: 565: 550: 535: 504: 492: 489:on 2000-09-18. 469: 466:on 2017-05-01. 448: 437: 434:on 2008-08-30. 414: 411:on 2000-09-18. 390: 388: 385: 384: 383: 376: 373: 340: 337: 327: 326:Present status 324: 306:Gravelly Shoal 299:acetylene lamp 259:Charity Island 242: 239: 223:Charity Island 210: 209: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 191: 187: 186: 183: 179: 178: 175: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 158: 157: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 136: 132: 131: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 103: 102: 70: 64: 63: 57:Charity Island 53: 49: 48: 45: 44: 41: 18: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1910: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1762:Manistee Main 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1717:Grassy Island 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1697:Clinton River 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1647: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1637: 1634: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1612: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1581:Middle Island 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1536:Detroit River 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1430:Muskegon Pier 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1415:Mission Point 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1086:Stannard Rock 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 931:Copper Harbor 929: 927: 926:Big Bay Point 924: 922: 919: 918: 916: 912: 908: 902: 898: 891: 886: 884: 879: 877: 872: 871: 868: 860: 853: 852: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 812: 808: 805: 804: 800: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 778: 774: 768: 764: 761: 756: 753: 749: 744: 741: 730:on 2009-03-01 729: 725: 719: 716: 713: 708: 705: 702: 697: 694: 691: 687: 682: 680: 676: 673: 668: 665: 661: 657: 653: 650: 649: 642: 639: 634: 630: 626: 619: 616: 613: 610: 605: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 584: 583: 576: 574: 572: 570: 566: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:0-9747977-1-5 520: 517: 515: 508: 505: 501: 496: 493: 488: 484: 480: 473: 470: 465: 461: 455: 453: 449: 446: 441: 438: 433: 429: 425: 418: 415: 410: 406: 402: 395: 392: 386: 382: 379: 378: 374: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 338: 336: 334: 325: 323: 321: 316: 313: 311: 310:Doomsday List 307: 302: 300: 296: 292: 289:The original 287: 284: 280: 277: 274: 270: 267: 262: 260: 256: 252: 248: 240: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 207: 203: 199: 196: 193:Fourth-order 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 159: 155: 151: 147: 144: 140: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 104: 99: 71: 69: 65: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 39: 34: 29: 1829: 1621:Port Sanilac 1566:Harbor Beach 1541:Fort Gratiot 1520: 1455:Portage Lake 1450:Point Betsie 1284:Round Island 1248:Portage Lake 1176:Squaw Island 1066:Rock of Ages 996:Huron Island 946:Eagle Harbor 850: 785: 755: 743: 732:. Retrieved 728:the original 718: 707: 696: 667: 647: 641: 628: 618: 609:Detroit News 594:Boatnerd.com 581: 513: 507: 495: 487:the original 482: 472: 464:the original 440: 432:the original 427: 417: 409:the original 404: 394: 352: 348: 346: 342: 329: 317: 314: 303: 288: 285: 281: 273:Fresnel lens 263: 244: 214: 213: 195:Fresnel lens 182:Focal height 119:Construction 1893:Saginaw Bay 1797:Squaw Point 1787:Saginaw Bay 1777:New Buffalo 1772:Monroe Pier 1651:Tawas Point 1626:Saginaw Bay 1616:Port Austin 1495:White Shoal 1490:White River 1485:Waugoshance 1465:South Haven 1330:Cedar River 1202:Pipe Island 1136:Martin Reef 1121:DeTour Reef 1061:Rock Harbor 1001:Isle Royale 956:Eagle River 941:Crisp Point 251:Saginaw Bay 174:Deactivated 111:Constructed 93: / 68:Coordinates 1857:Categories 1841:Wixom Lake 1828:Lightship 1692:Belle Isle 1375:Grays Reef 1335:Charlevoix 1269:Bois Blanc 1171:Seul Choix 1166:Sand Point 1071:Sand Hills 734:2009-10-18 387:References 353:North Star 227:Lake Huron 219:lighthouse 81:83°26′08″W 78:44°01′53″N 19:Lighthouse 1752:Mama Juda 1712:Gibraltar 1556:Gibraltar 1400:Ludington 1345:Frankfort 1036:Ontonagon 991:Gull Rock 349:Catamaran 269:cast iron 266:octagonal 166:First lit 1606:Poe Reef 921:Au Sable 763:Archived 652:Archived 586:Archived 375:See also 351:and the 149:Markings 61:Michigan 52:Location 1821:Related 1299:Wawatam 809:on the 257:around 253:. The 241:History 231:Au Gres 221:on Big 139:Frustum 1702:Ecorse 1511:Alpena 905:Main: 792:  529:  521:  339:Access 295:duplex 255:shoals 247:lumber 127:Height 1830:Huron 855:(PDF) 369:Tawas 276:light 217:is a 201:Range 161:Light 141:of a 135:Shape 122:Brick 106:Tower 25: 790:ISBN 527:ISBN 519:ISBN 264:The 190:Lens 177:1939 169:1857 143:cone 114:1857 55:Big 225:in 1859:: 688:, 678:^ 658:, 631:. 627:. 601:^ 592:, 568:^ 553:^ 538:^ 525:; 481:. 451:^ 426:. 403:. 371:. 301:. 237:. 233:, 59:, 889:e 882:t 875:v 861:. 796:. 737:. 635:. 596:. 533:.

Index



Charity Island
Michigan
Coordinates
44°01′53″N 83°26′08″W / 44.03139°N 83.43556°W / 44.03139; -83.43556
Frustum
cone
Fresnel lens
lighthouse
Charity Island
Lake Huron
Au Gres
Northern Michigan
lumber
Saginaw Bay
shoals
Charity Island
octagonal
cast iron
Fresnel lens
light
lighthouse keeper
duplex
acetylene lamp
Gravelly Shoal
Doomsday List
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
bed and breakfast
Lighthouse keeper

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