336:
138:
25:
730:
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312:, which L'Épée had founded, began to receive government funding. It was later renamed the Institut St. Jacques and then renamed again to its present name: Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris. His methods of education have spread around the world, and l'Épée is seen today as one of the founding fathers of
411:
What distinguished L'Épée from educators of the deaf before him, and ensured his place in history, is that he allowed his methods and classrooms to be available to the public and other educators. As a result of his openness as much as his successes, his methods would become so influential that their
360:) for use in instructing their deaf students, he did not use their language in the classroom. Instead, he developed an idiosyncratic gestural system using some of this lexicon, combined with other invented signs to represent all the verb endings, articles, prepositions, and auxiliary verbs of the
262:. L'Épée decided to dedicate himself to the education and salvation of the deaf, and, in 1760, he founded a school. In line with emerging philosophical thought of the time, l'Épée came to believe that deaf people were capable of language and concluded that they should be able to receive the
351:
The
Instructional Method of Signs is an educational method that emphasised using gestures or hand signs, based on the principle that "the education of deaf mutes must teach them through the eye of what other people acquire through the ear." He recognised that there was already a signing deaf
387:("unintelligible") was also produced with a chain of five signs: interior-understand-possible-adjective-not. However, like Manually Coded Languages, L'Épée's system was cumbersome and unnatural to deaf signers. A deaf pupil of the school (and later teacher),
544:
L'Ouvrage que je présente au Public n'est proprement qu'une seconde édition de celui qui a paru en 1776, sous ce titre : Institution des Sourds et Muets, par la voie des Signes méthodiques, & dont il ne reste plus d'exemplaires.
4824:
Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign
Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely,
478:
or as having "taught the deaf to sign". In fact, he was taught to sign by the deaf. L'Épée categorised and recorded French signs so they could be taught to others in order to be used in education, especially about the
Christian faith.
412:
mark is still apparent in deaf education today. L'Épée also established teacher-training programmes for foreigners who would take his methods back to their countries and who established numerous deaf schools around the world.
547:
The work which I present to the public is nothing other than a second edition of the one which came out in 1776 under the title 'Institution des Sourds et Muets, par la voie des Signes méthodiques', which is completely sold
402:
Although L'Épée reportedly had great success with this educational method, his successes were questioned by critics who thought his students were aping his gestures rather than understanding the meaning.
619:
Recueil des définitions et réponses les plus remarquables de
Massieu et Clerc, sourds-muets, aux diverses questions qui leur ont été faites dans les séances publiques de M. l'abbé Sicard à Londres
258:
L'Épée then turned his attention toward charitable services for the poor, and, on one foray into the slums of Paris, he had a chance encounter with two young deaf sisters who communicated using a
4726:
383:("believe") was signed using five separate signs—four with the meanings "know", "feel", "say", and "not see" and one that marked the word as a verb (Lane, 1980:122). The word
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305:
787:
762:
42:
4741:
2025:
4731:
3915:
3870:
892:
4762:
3927:
978:
973:
2255:
432:
309:
271:
734:
572:
335:
89:
4639:
4536:
454:
in class rather than Épée's methodical signs. Located in rue Saint-Jacques in Paris, it is one of four national deaf schools—the others being in
61:
755:
4904:
4894:
1278:
301:
447:
debate still rages to this day. Oralism is sometimes called the German method, and manualism the French method in reference to those times.
68:
813:
4781:
4188:
1392:
367:
In
English, L'Épée's system has been known as "Methodical Signs" and "Old Signed French" but is perhaps better translated by the phrase
4607:
4234:
3812:
1976:
75:
4919:
4183:
2661:
748:
108:
4290:
4259:
4178:
3827:
2630:
57:
4914:
3981:
3030:
2291:
2265:
1132:
4899:
4786:
4280:
4173:
3860:
3446:
2500:
1339:
1144:
1056:
46:
4909:
4700:
3663:
3658:
2570:
1927:
1192:
559:
320:
196:
4776:
4634:
3922:
3778:
3528:
3279:
2983:
1881:
1770:
1411:
1179:
1019:
939:
916:
439:, in contrast to his belief in manualism. Their methods were closely guarded secrets, and they saw Épée as a rival. The
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2619:
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1853:
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1307:
1169:
263:
4736:
4424:
4311:
3520:
3168:
1475:
1324:
4846:
Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.
3765:
595:
82:
35:
4419:
4389:
4379:
4364:
4254:
4244:
3953:
3885:
3822:
3679:
3266:
3231:
3208:
3176:
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2560:
2438:
2373:
2328:
2043:
1964:
1816:
1159:
992:
952:
876:
4695:
4546:
4409:
4344:
4307:
4299:
4239:
4224:
4120:
4094:
4086:
4078:
3932:
3760:
3752:
3739:
3716:
3687:
3639:
3470:
3438:
3414:
3045:
2996:
2906:
2756:
2735:
2676:
2636:
2613:
2600:
2565:
2555:
2505:
2465:
2403:
2383:
2301:
2270:
2053:
1491:
1374:
1351:
1197:
924:
859:
353:
4049:
2455:
2420:
1566:
4791:
4612:
4516:
4445:
4414:
4404:
4359:
4354:
4264:
4146:
4112:
4065:
4039:
4023:
3895:
3890:
3574:
3546:
3504:
3454:
3374:
3366:
3213:
3121:
3095:
2965:
2949:
2827:
2750:
2689:
2525:
2338:
2333:
2322:
2311:
2033:
1798:
1793:
1647:
1627:
1451:
1361:
1346:
1237:
911:
905:
899:
865:
372:
286:
4833:
both originated in
English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to
3308:
2238:
2230:
4826:
4806:
4531:
4399:
4394:
4374:
4369:
4229:
4165:
4099:
4031:
3991:
3945:
3937:
3880:
3875:
3834:
3802:
3773:
3747:
3708:
3613:
3608:
3582:
3486:
3398:
3332:
3316:
3295:
3258:
3250:
3223:
3152:
3144:
3129:
3113:
3105:
3087:
3063:
3053:
3035:
2840:
2811:
2806:
2740:
2641:
2595:
2580:
2540:
2414:
2398:
2393:
2316:
2296:
2200:
2061:
2038:
1935:
1824:
1788:
1749:
1728:
1682:
1668:
1632:
1462:
1406:
1382:
1329:
1319:
1288:
1187:
1154:
1004:
929:
882:
846:
836:
782:
421:
137:
681:
4830:
4586:
4526:
4384:
4249:
4219:
4057:
3900:
3865:
3807:
3731:
3721:
3700:
3628:
3538:
3512:
3499:
3494:
3478:
3422:
3406:
3390:
3324:
3287:
3274:
3200:
3192:
3134:
3040:
3022:
3009:
2978:
2957:
2941:
2922:
2914:
2832:
2714:
2702:
2671:
2666:
2651:
2624:
2590:
2575:
2545:
2510:
2492:
2445:
2363:
2343:
2216:
1897:
1871:
1765:
1744:
1723:
1707:
1652:
1642:
1596:
1426:
1356:
1293:
1268:
1229:
1221:
1207:
1202:
1139:
1091:
1009:
957:
870:
852:
841:
622:, Londres, imprimé pour Massieu et Clerc, par Cox and Baylis, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-Inn-Fields.
304:
recognised him as a "Benefactor of
Humanity" and declared that deaf people had rights according to the
4884:
4879:
4834:
4541:
4285:
4044:
4004:
3966:
3910:
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3648:
3618:
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3337:
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3184:
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2973:
2890:
2861:
2848:
2819:
2730:
2709:
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2520:
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2348:
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1945:
1940:
1911:
1866:
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1834:
1803:
1637:
1583:
1529:
1470:
1368:
1164:
1024:
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451:
396:
161:
4766:
4710:
4626:
4214:
4104:
3996:
3971:
3905:
3726:
3692:
3671:
3623:
3430:
3382:
3358:
3342:
3160:
3139:
3017:
2882:
2874:
2856:
2681:
2656:
2646:
2535:
2530:
2515:
2450:
2433:
2378:
2368:
1989:
1829:
1702:
1591:
1334:
1101:
1096:
1046:
830:
278:
200:
4757:
4655:
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2869:
2769:
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1839:
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617:
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361:
282:
267:
252:
216:
527:
La véritable manière d'instruire les sourds et muets, confirmée par une longue expérience
416:, a deaf pupil of the Paris school, went on to co-found the first school for the deaf in
669:
Observations d'un sourd et muèt, sur un cours elémentaire d'educationdes sourds et muèts
371:. While L'Épée's system laid the philosophical groundwork for the later developments of
4705:
4690:
4581:
4566:
4336:
671:, Paris: M. l'Abbé Deschamps (Chapelain de l'Église d'Orléans), Amsterdam and B. Morin.
376:
313:
4873:
4675:
4576:
4561:
4556:
4193:
771:
488:
475:
417:
413:
388:
259:
4551:
4496:
631:
L'Écho magazine, le mensuel des sourds No. 794. Août-Septembre 2012, pp. 36–37
425:
221:
395:
for communication outside the classroom, preferring their own community language (
525:
502:
266:
and thus avoid going to hell. He began to develop a system of instruction of the
4685:
4455:
706:
459:
436:
289:" enabled deaf people to legally defend themselves in court for the first time.
24:
356:) as primitive. Although he advised his (hearing) teachers to learn the signs (
4801:
4440:
3783:
3592:
3001:
2475:
1416:
532:
The true manner of instructing the deaf and mute, confirmed by long experience
716:
4326:
4295:
4151:
3587:
444:
729:
4506:
4465:
4316:
4070:
640:
L'Echo
Magazine, le mensuel des sourds No. 795. Novembre 2012, p. 8
463:
248:
224:
165:
697:
616:* Massieu, Jean; Laurent Clerc; and Roch Ambroise Cucurron Sicard. 1815.
431:
Some deaf schools in
Germany and the UK that were contemporaries of the
4141:
607:
L'Echo
Magazine, le mensuel des sourds No. 794. Octobre 2012, p. 5
440:
420:
and brought with him the sign language that formed the basis of modern
357:
125:
4770:
3855:
1127:
1115:
228:
4470:
504:
Institution des sourds et muets, par la voie des signes méthodiques
334:
184:
247:, the seat of political power in what was then the most powerful
4460:
740:
455:
232:
2789:
805:
744:
18:
379:, it differed somewhat in execution. For example, the word
474:
Even now, L'Épée is commonly described as the inventor of
243:
Charles-Michel de l'Épée was born to a wealthy family in
352:
community in Paris but saw their language (now known as
4727:
Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada
270:
and religion. In the early 1760s, his shelter became
592:
Signes et institution des sourds, XVIIIe–XIXe siècle
4750:
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1484:
1391:
1306:
1277:
1255:
1220:
1178:
1114:
1084:
1055:
1033:
991:
966:
938:
812:
796:
509:
Deaf mute Institution, by Means of Systematic Signs
306:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
192:
173:
147:
123:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
450:The Paris school still exists, though it now uses
16:French priest and educator of the deaf (1712–1789)
435:used an oralist approach emphasising speech and
4742:World Association of Sign Language Interpreters
343:are represented on his funeral monument in the
142:Founder of the first public school for the deaf
310:Institution Nationale des Sourds-Muets à Paris
4732:International Center on Deafness and the Arts
756:
220:; 24 November 1712 – 23 December 1789) was a
8:
642:Lettre ouverte au Président de la République
682:"Charles-Michel de l'Épée's 306th Birthday"
231:who has become known as the "Father of the
4890:18th-century French Roman Catholic priests
4489:
2786:
2076:
1617:
1399:
1312:
1261:
1120:
1039:
997:
935:
802:
763:
749:
741:
711:When the Mind Hears: A History of the Deaf
319:After L'Épée's death, he was succeeded by
272:the world's first free school for the deaf
136:
120:
323:, who became the new head of the school.
300:in Paris. Two years after his death, the
277:Though L'Épée's original interest was in
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
573:List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
558:, which was completed by his successor,
4537:Manually coded language in South Africa
583:
534:] (in French). Paris: Nyon l'aîné
391:, wrote that the deaf never used the
215:
7:
292:L'Épée died at the beginning of the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1574:Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)
684:. Google Doodles. 24 November 2018.
327:The Instructional Method of Signs (
2887:Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti
2501:Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)
424:(ASL), including the signs of the
14:
491:commemorated his 306th birthday.
4469:
4260:Sandy River Valley Sign Language
728:
296:in 1789, and his tomb is in the
23:
4850:
4841:
4819:
4787:U.S. Army hand and arm signals
3871:Far North Queensland Indigenous
2493:Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)
713:. New York: Random House, 1984.
655:, Paris, B. Morin, 1779, p. 26.
653:Observations d'un sourd et muet
556:Dictionnaire général des signes
34:needs additional citations for
4608:Bilingual–bicultural education
3928:Western Torres Strait Islander
3002:Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)
979:Western Torres Strait Islander
511:] (in French). Nyon l'ainé
285:and development of a kind of "
251:of Europe. He studied to be a
1:
3680:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
2828:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2690:Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)
2439:Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)
1946:Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)
717:Catholic Encyclopedia article
560:Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard
433:Abbé de l'Épée's Paris School
321:Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard
4905:French educational theorists
4895:Burials at Saint-Roch, Paris
2266:Providence Island (Provisle)
1916:North West Frontier Province
3866:Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)
4936:
4737:Mimics and Gesture Theatre
3946:Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)
3876:Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)
2662:Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)
2516:Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)
1936:Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)
1330:Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)
197:Collège des Quatre Nations
58:"Charles-Michel de l'Épée"
4815:
4492:
3982:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
2421:Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)
2231:Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)
2079:
1638:Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)
1402:
1315:
1264:
1133:Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)
1123:
1042:
1000:
788:List by number of signers
778:
217:[ʃaʁlmiʃɛldəlepe]
135:
4920:Roman Catholic activists
4547:Paget Gorman Sign System
4001:Samoa and American Samoa
2791:Sign languages by region
2576:Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)
2302:Albarradas Sign Language
2292:Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)
2125:Meciciya ka pekiskwakehk
1977:Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)
1941:Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)
1193:Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)
807:Sign languages by family
735:Charles-Michel de L'Épée
373:Manually Coded Languages
354:Old French Sign Language
209:Charles-Michel de l'Épée
130:Charles-Michel de l'Épée
4792:Monastic sign languages
4640:Television shows (list)
4613:Manually coded language
4446:Hamburg Notation System
2239:Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)
1485:Indonesian (Nusantaric)
1208:Finnish (Viittomakieli)
1145:Northern Ireland (NISL)
4915:People from Versailles
4763:CHCI chimpanzee center
4532:Manually coded English
4230:Henniker Sign Language
3896:Warumungu (Warramunga)
3881:Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)
2875:Hausa (Magannar Hannu)
783:List of sign languages
594:, Champ Vallon, 1998,
422:American Sign Language
348:
274:, open to the public.
4900:Educators of the deaf
4587:Signing Exact English
4527:Indian Signing System
4250:Plateau Sign Language
3624:Inuit (Atgangmuurniq)
3201:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2731:Amami Shuwa languages
2404:Guatemalan (Lensegua)
2344:Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)
2323:Caucasian (Harsneren)
2271:Old Cayman (Guyanese)
1799:Norwegian (Tegnspråk)
1771:French Belgian (LSFB)
1203:Swedish (Teckenspråk)
701:by Ferdinand Berthier
487:On 24 November 2018,
338:
4910:French Sign Language
4835:French Sign Language
4542:Manually Coded Malay
4350:British (two-handed)
4286:Bimodal bilingualism
3916:Far North Queensland
3224:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2746:Sri Lankan languages
2677:Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)
2581:Ban Khor (Pasa kidd)
2092:Chaticks si Chaticks
2072:Plains Sign Language
1990:Mayan (Meemul Tziij)
1492:Indonesian (Bisindo)
1170:South African (SASL)
893:Far North Queensland
737:at Wikimedia Commons
703:. Project Gutenberg.
598:, ISBN 9782876732636
590:Jean-René Presneau,
452:French Sign Language
397:French Sign Language
298:Church of Saint Roch
43:improve this article
2757:Tanzanian languages
2736:Ethiopian languages
2703:Nanabin (NanabinSL)
1794:Icelandic (Táknmál)
1509:Francophone African
1467:Puerto Rican (PRSL)
1325:Swiss-German (DSGS)
1256:Chilean-Paraguayan-
279:religious education
201:University of Paris
4758:Baby sign language
4656:Jabbar Baghtcheban
4137:International Sign
4040:Brazilian (Libras)
3954:New Zealand (NZSL)
3901:Mudbura (Mudburra)
3829:Sandy River Valley
3808:Keresan (Keresign)
3399:Yugoslav (Kosovar)
2770:International Sign
2751:Sudanese languages
2374:Navajo/Diné Family
2188:Wíyut'a / Wíblut'e
2026:Original Thai Sign
1804:Danish (Tegnsprog)
1347:Brazilian (Libras)
1160:New Zealand (NZSL)
407:Educational legacy
393:signes méthodiques
369:systematised signs
349:
345:Church of St. Roch
341:signes méthodiques
329:signes méthodiques
4867:
4866:
4860:extinct languages
4782:Legal recognition
4661:Jeanette Berglind
4621:
4620:
4322:Nonmanual feature
4235:Martha's Vineyard
4160:
4159:
3814:Martha's Vineyard
3309:Faroese (Teknmál)
3031:Al-Sayyid Bedouin
2841:Bouakako (LaSiBo)
2778:
2777:
2763:Zimsign languages
2741:Laotian languages
2625:Rwandan (AKR/AMR)
2384:Ecuadorian (LSEC)
2329:Azerbaijani (AİD)
2250:
2249:
1848:
1847:
1691:
1690:
1607:
1606:
1597:Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)
1302:
1301:
1230:Chinese (CSL/ZGS)
1216:
1215:
1110:
1109:
1080:
1079:
987:
986:
842:Eltye eltyarrenke
822:
821:multiple families
733:Media related to
302:National Assembly
294:French Revolution
206:
205:
119:
118:
111:
93:
4927:
4854:
4845:
4823:
4711:Pierre Pélissier
4696:Thomas Gallaudet
4671:Thomas Braidwood
4502:Initialized sign
4490:
4473:
3958:Papua New Guinea
3861:Australian-Irish
3567:Plains Sign Talk
3447:Northern Ireland
3443:Northern Ireland
2966:Hong Kong (HKSL)
2787:
2566:Nicaraguan (ISN)
2481:Kenyan (KSL/LAK)
2297:Albanian (AlbSL)
2077:
1891:Bangalore-Madras
1872:Israeli (Shassi)
1840:Thai (TSL/MSTSL)
1750:Honduran (LESHO)
1618:
1476:Singapore (SgSL)
1412:Black ASL (BASL)
1400:
1340:Australian-Irish
1313:
1262:
1238:Hong Kong (HKSL)
1198:Portuguese (LGP)
1188:Eritrean (EriSL)
1121:
1040:
998:
936:
820:
803:
765:
758:
751:
742:
732:
699:L'Abbé de l'Épée
686:
685:
678:
672:
665:Desloges, Pierre
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
629:
623:
614:
608:
605:
599:
588:
554:He also began a
551:
541:
539:
524:— (1784).
520:
518:
516:
501:— (1776).
227:of 18th-century
219:
214:
180:
177:23 December 1789
158:24 November 1712
157:
155:
140:
121:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4848:
4839:
4817:
4811:
4797:Tactile signing
4746:
4715:
4644:
4617:
4596:
4572:Signed Japanese
4518:
4511:
4484:
4477:
4451:Stokoe notation
4429:
4331:
4291:Phonology (ASL)
4269:
4204:
4198:
4156:
4125:
4024:Argentine (LSA)
4009:
3841:
3664:New Costa Rican
3659:Old Costa Rican
3559:
3557:
3551:
3435:North Macedonia
3236:
2927:
2862:Bamako (LaSiMa)
2792:
2774:
2724:Other groupings
2719:
2571:Old Costa Rican
2546:Burkina (Mossi)
2526:Mauritian (MSL)
2399:Ghardaia (AJSL)
2312:Argentine (LSA)
2275:
2257:
2246:
2211:
2194:
2066:
2048:
2020:
1984:
1950:
1922:
1883:
1876:
1844:
1811:
1781:Danish (Tegnic)
1775:
1754:
1733:
1712:
1687:
1662:Yugoslavic Sign
1657:
1628:Bulgarian (БЖЕ)
1613:
1603:
1592:Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)
1577:
1567:Hoailona ʻŌlelo
1560:
1543:
1530:Bamako (LaSiMa)
1511:(Françafrosign)
1510:
1504:
1480:
1452:Malaysian (BIM)
1394:
1387:
1362:Valencian (LSV)
1298:
1289:Paraguay (LSPY)
1280:
1273:
1257:
1251:
1212:
1174:
1106:
1076:
1051:
1035:
1029:
993:Arab (Ishaaric)
983:
962:
934:
847:Iltyeme iltyeme
818:
815:
808:
798:
792:
774:
769:
725:
694:
692:Further reading
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680:
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611:
606:
602:
589:
585:
581:
569:
537:
535:
523:
514:
512:
500:
497:
495:Published works
485:
472:
409:
362:French language
333:
308:. In 1791, the
283:public advocacy
268:French language
253:Catholic priest
241:
212:
193:Alma mater
188:
182:
178:
169:
159:
153:
151:
143:
131:
128:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4872:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4816:
4813:
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4810:
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4804:
4799:
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4779:
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4760:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4706:William Stokoe
4703:
4698:
4693:
4691:Valerie Sutton
4688:
4683:
4681:Abbé de l'Épée
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4592:Signed Swedish
4589:
4584:
4582:Signed Spanish
4579:
4574:
4569:
4567:Signed Italian
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Serbo-Croatian
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4337:Fingerspelling
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
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4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4199:
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4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4084:
4081:
4076:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4060:
4055:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4034:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3923:Western Desert
3920:
3919:
3918:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3817:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3774:American (ASL)
3771:
3768:
3766:Old Salvadoran
3763:
3758:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Maritime (MSL)
3611:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3583:American (ASL)
3580:
3577:
3572:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3529:Central Taurus
3526:
3523:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3404:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3285:
3284:United Kingdom
3282:
3280:French Belgian
3277:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3256:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3080:Kazakh-Russian
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2984:Indo-Pakistani
2981:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2596:Peruvian (LSP)
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:Miyakubo Shuwa
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Dogon/Douentza
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2201:American (ASL)
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2062:Namibian (NSL)
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:Indo-Pakistani
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1729:Tunisian (TSL)
1726:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1683:Yugoslav (YSL)
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1669:Croatian (HZJ)
1665:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1615:
1609:
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1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1588:
1586:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1540:Sierra Leonean
1538:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1463:Filipino (FSL)
1460:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1407:American (ASL)
1403:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1383:Romanian (LSR)
1380:
1379:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Algerian (LSA)
1316:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1281:Uruguayan Sign
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1269:Chilean (LSCh)
1265:
1259:
1258:Uruguayan Sign
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:Maritime (MSL)
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
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1078:
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1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1020:Qatari Unified
1017:
1012:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
988:
985:
984:
982:
981:
976:
970:
968:
967:Zendath Kesign
964:
963:
961:
960:
955:
950:
944:
942:
940:Western Desert
933:
932:
927:
922:
919:
917:Worora Kinship
914:
909:
902:
897:
896:
895:
885:
880:
873:
868:
863:
856:
849:
844:
839:
834:
826:
824:
810:
809:
806:
800:
794:
793:
791:
790:
785:
779:
776:
775:
770:
768:
767:
760:
753:
745:
739:
738:
724:
723:External links
721:
720:
719:
714:
704:
693:
690:
688:
687:
673:
657:
645:
633:
624:
609:
600:
582:
580:
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568:
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564:
563:
552:
521:
496:
493:
484:
481:
471:
468:
408:
405:
385:indéchiffrable
377:Signed English
332:
325:
314:deaf education
240:
237:
204:
203:
194:
190:
189:
183:
181:(aged 77)
175:
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116:
31:
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10:
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4:
3:
2:
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4908:
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4903:
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4891:
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4878:
4877:
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4857:
4853:
4852:
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4828:
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4803:
4800:
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4788:
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4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:Miscellaneous
4749:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:Organisations
4718:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:Laurent Clerc
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4666:Pär Aron Borg
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4577:Signed Polish
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:Signed German
4560:
4558:
4557:Signed French
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Grammar (ASL)
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:International
4128:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:South America
4012:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Rossel Island
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:Mount Avejaha
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:Navajo Family
3821:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3770:United States
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2899:South African
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Yoruban (YSL)
2708:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Bura (Burasl)
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:West African
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2672:Ugandan (USL)
2670:
2668:
2667:Turkish (TİD)
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:Spanish (LSE)
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Rossel Island
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:Qahveh Khaneh
2606:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:Mount Avejaha
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Maltese (LSM)
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2434:Atgangmuurniq
2432:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:Guinea-Bissau
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2015:Cepeda Peraza
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:Highland Maya
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1928:Japanese Sign
1925:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Flemish (VGT)
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Mexican (LSM)
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:Italian (LIS)
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1653:Russian (РЖЯ)
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1643:Latvian (LSL)
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:Catalan (LSC)
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1294:Uruguay (LSU)
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:British (BSL)
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
990:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
965:
959:
958:Ngaatjatjarra
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
941:
937:
931:
928:
926:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:
903:
901:
898:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
878:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
861:
857:
855:
854:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:
828:
827:
825:
817:
811:
804:
801:
795:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
777:
773:
772:Sign language
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
747:
746:
743:
736:
731:
727:
726:
722:
718:
715:
712:
708:
705:
702:
700:
696:
695:
691:
683:
677:
674:
670:
666:
661:
658:
654:
649:
646:
643:
637:
634:
628:
625:
621:
620:
613:
610:
604:
601:
597:
593:
587:
584:
578:
574:
571:
570:
566:
561:
557:
553:
550:
549:
533:
529:
528:
522:
510:
506:
505:
499:
498:
494:
492:
490:
489:Google Doodle
482:
480:
477:
476:sign language
469:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
418:North America
415:
414:Laurent Clerc
406:
404:
400:
398:
394:
390:
389:Laurent Clerc
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
346:
342:
337:
330:
326:
324:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
287:Signed French
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
260:sign language
256:
254:
250:
246:
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
223:
222:philanthropic
218:
210:
202:
198:
195:
191:
186:
176:
172:
167:
163:
150:
146:
139:
134:
127:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
4855:
4849:
4840:
4838:
4818:
4680:
4635:Films (list)
4552:Signed Dutch
4497:Contact sign
3942:Hawaii (USA)
3835:
3828:
3813:
3638:
3629:
3521:Swiss-German
3157:Saudi Arabia
2895:South Africa
2629:
2612:
2486:Somali (SSL)
2413:
2321:
2256:Providencia–
2235:Nesilextcl'n
2208:Oneida (OSL)
2170:Tickanwa•tic
2158:Schitsu'umsh
2140:Nųmą́khų́·ki
2054:Paget Gorman
1975:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1919:Punjab-Sindh
1867:Polish (PJM)
1862:German (DGS)
1738:Mexican Sign
1717:Italian Sign
1621:Russian Sign
1584:French (LSF)
1557:Oneida (OSL)
1471:Quebec (LSQ)
1456:Oneida (OSL)
1373:
1369:French (LSF)
1222:Chinese Sign
1180:Swedish Sign
904:
875:
858:
851:
829:
710:
707:Lane, Harlan
698:
676:
668:
660:
652:
648:
641:
636:
627:
618:
612:
603:
591:
586:
555:
546:
543:
536:. Retrieved
531:
526:
513:. Retrieved
508:
503:
486:
473:
449:
430:
426:ASL alphabet
410:
401:
392:
384:
380:
368:
366:
350:
340:
328:
318:
291:
276:
257:
242:
208:
207:
179:(1789-12-23)
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
4885:1789 deaths
4880:1712 births
4777:Open Outcry
4701:Abbé Sicard
4686:Roger Fouts
4517:Signed Oral
4456:SignWriting
4304:Orientation
4274:Linguistics
4255:Pitha Pitha
3950:New Zealand
3886:Manjiljarra
3757:El Salvador
3517:Switzerland
3427:Netherlands
3267:Azerbaijani
3209:Old Bangkok
3149:Philippines
2837:Ivory Coast
2631:Sandy River
2369:Cuban (LSC)
2258:Cayman Sign
2107:Hinono'eino
2098:Coahuilteco
2083:Anishinaabe
2044:Old Bangkok
1965:Old Kentish
1894:Beluchistan
1854:German Sign
1835:Ho Chi Minh
1759:Old Belgian
1703:Dutch (NGT)
1442:Costa Rican
1335:Irish (ISL)
1279:Paraguayan-
1070:Palestinian
953:Manjiljarra
948:Kartutjarra
883:Rdaka rdaka
877:Pitha Pitha
538:30 December
515:30 December
437:lip reading
4874:Categories
4802:Protactile
4441:ASL-phabet
4425:Portuguese
4327:Sign names
4312:Expression
4240:Old French
4225:Kalkutungu
4194:Name signs
4184:Literature
4121:Venezuelan
4095:Inmaculada
4087:Paraguayan
4079:Ecuadorian
3933:Yir Yoront
3784:Protactile
3761:Salvadoran
3753:Panamanian
3740:Nicaraguan
3717:Albarradas
3688:Guatemalan
3645:Costa Rica
3640:Old Cayman
3593:Protactile
3471:Portuguese
3439:Macedonian
3415:Lithuanian
3263:Azerbaijan
3232:Vietnamese
3189:Tajikistan
3177:Sri Lankan
3076:Kazakhstan
3046:Kafr Qasem
2997:Indonesian
2699:Mofu-Gudur
2637:Salvadoran
2614:Rennellese
2601:Inmaculada
2556:Mozambican
2506:Macedonian
2476:Kata Kolok
2466:Kafr Qasim
2425:Creole HSL
2176:Tsuu T'ina
2137:Niitsítapi
2131:Ni Mii Puu
2122:Maagiadawa
2086:Apsáalooke
2012:Trascorral
1696:Dutch Sign
1499:Yogyakarta
1459:Panamanian
1417:Protactile
1375:Old French
1352:Lithuanian
1308:Francosign
925:Yir Yoront
912:Warramunga
860:Kalkutungu
816:Aboriginal
814:Australian
579:References
264:sacraments
245:Versailles
162:Versailles
154:1712-11-24
69:newspapers
4858:indicate
4519:Languages
4420:Ukrainian
4380:Hungarian
4365:Esperanto
4296:Handshape
4265:Warluwara
4205:languages
4189:Profanity
4152:Signalong
4117:Venezuela
4113:Uruguayan
4066:Colombian
4020:Argentina
3891:Warlmanpa
3852:Australia
3790:Blackfeet
3779:Black ASL
3736:Nicaragua
3684:Guatemala
3676:Greenland
3599:Blackfoot
3588:Black ASL
3556:North and
3547:Ukrainian
3505:Valencian
3487:Slovenian
3455:Norwegian
3411:Lithuania
3375:Icelandic
3367:Hungarian
3214:Chiangmai
3185:Taiwanese
3173:Sri Lanka
3169:Singapore
3165:Singapore
3122:Mongolian
3096:Malaysian
2993:Indonesia
2962:Hong Kong
2950:Cambodian
2907:Tanzanian
2783:By region
2339:Bhutanese
2134:Niimíipuu
2116:Karankawa
2039:Hai Phong
2034:Chiangmai
1825:Hai Phong
1817:Viet-Thai
1679:Slovenian
1648:Mongolian
1614:Hungarian
1550:Hand Talk
1517:Ethiopian
1445:Dominican
1439:Cambodian
1234:Shanghai
1064:Jordanian
1057:Levantine
1036:Levantine
921:Yan-nhaŋu
906:Warluwara
900:Warlmanpa
866:Miriwoong
445:manualism
339:L'Épée's
4507:Mouthing
4483:Language
4466:ASLwrite
4390:Japanese
4345:American
4317:Mouthing
4308:Movement
4300:Location
4245:Old Kent
4211:Chilmark
4147:Monastic
4100:Peruvian
4083:Paraguay
4071:Provisle
4062:Colombia
4032:Bolivian
3992:Sinasina
3836:Henniker
3796:Cheyenne
3748:Chiriqui
3709:Honduran
3705:Honduras
3575:Belizean
3483:Slovenia
3467:Portugal
3333:Ghardaia
3317:Estonian
3296:Croatian
3259:Austrian
3251:Armenian
3205:Thailand
3153:Filipino
3145:Nepalese
3130:Ghandruk
3118:Mongolia
3114:Maldives
3110:Maldives
3106:Selangor
3092:Malaysia
3064:Miyakubo
3054:Japanese
3036:Ghardaia
2946:Cambodia
2903:Tanzania
2816:Cameroon
2812:Ghardaia
2807:Algerian
2642:Sinasina
2415:Henniker
2394:Ghandruk
2334:Belizean
2317:Armenian
2280:Isolates
2227:Kalispel
2224:A'aninin
2182:Wazhazhe
2179:Umatilla
2161:Shiwinna
2152:Piipaash
2101:Dane-zaa
2095:Cheyenne
2000:Yucatec
1971:Chilmark
1905:Calcutta
1789:Malagasy
1633:Georgian
1537:Nigerian
1534:Moroccan
1523:Ghanaian
1448:Jamaican
1434:Mandalay
1423:Bolivian
1393:American
1085:Possible
1067:Lebanese
1005:Egyptian
871:Mudburra
837:Djingili
799:families
797:Language
667:. 1779.
567:See also
464:Bordeaux
460:Chambéry
375:such as
239:Overview
225:educator
187:, France
168:, France
166:Yvelines
99:May 2024
4856:Italics
4807:Tic-tac
4649:Persons
4485:contact
4434:Writing
4415:Spanish
4405:Russian
4360:Chilean
4355:Catalan
4220:Jaralde
4203:Extinct
4174:Grammar
4142:Makaton
4109:Uruguay
4075:Ecuador
4058:Chilean
4050:Ka'apor
4028:Bolivia
3846:Oceania
3732:Mexican
3722:Chatino
3701:Haitian
3630:Plateau
3560:America
3558:Central
3543:Ukraine
3539:Turkish
3513:Swedish
3500:Spanish
3495:Catalan
3479:Russian
3423:Russian
3419:Moldova
3407:Latvian
3391:Italian
3379:Ireland
3371:Iceland
3363:Hungary
3347:Germany
3325:Finnish
3321:Finland
3313:Estonia
3300:Denmark
3292:Croatia
3288:British
3275:Flemish
3271:Belgium
3255:Austria
3247:Armenia
3228:Vietnam
3193:Russian
3135:Jhankot
3088:Laotian
3041:Israeli
3023:Kurdish
3010:Persian
2979:Bengali
2958:Chinese
2942:Bengali
2923:Zambian
2915:Ugandan
2879:Senegal
2866:Nigeria
2833:Nanabin
2803:Algeria
2715:Zambian
2591:Persian
2497:Kisindo
2456:Ka'apor
2446:Jhankot
2364:Chatino
2217:Plateau
2199:Mixed,
2191:Wyandot
2185:Wichita
2173:Tháumgá
2155:Ppáⁿkka
2143:Nʉmʉnʉʉ
2119:Liksiyu
2110:Hiraacá
2089:Arikara
1956:Kentish
1898:Bengali
1808:Teknmál
1708:Gambian
1676:Serbian
1673:Kosovar
1612:Austro-
1582:Mixed,
1565:Mixed,
1548:Mixed,
1526:Guinean
1520:Chadian
1496:Jakarta
1427:Burmese
1395:(ASLic)
1092:Emirati
1010:Kuwaiti
853:Jaralde
483:Tribute
441:oralism
358:lexicon
347:, Paris
249:kingdom
213:French:
83:scholar
4771:Loulis
4767:Washoe
4601:Others
4400:Polish
4395:Korean
4375:German
4370:French
4215:Diyari
4179:Idioms
4036:Brazil
4005:Samoan
3967:Kailge
3911:Umpila
3856:Auslan
3819:Navajo
3803:Oneida
3799:Ojibwa
3744:Panama
3713:Mexico
3654:Brunca
3649:Bribri
3635:Cayman
3619:Quebec
3609:Oneida
3605:Ojibwa
3579:Canada
3571:Belize
3534:Mardin
3525:Turkey
3509:Sweden
3475:Russia
3463:Polish
3459:Poland
3451:Norway
3403:Latvia
3395:Kosovo
3355:Greece
3351:German
3338:French
3329:France
3304:Danish
3241:Europe
3181:Taiwan
3101:Penang
3072:Korean
3059:Koniya
3027:Israel
2974:Alipur
2938:Bengal
2919:Zambia
2911:Uganda
2891:Somali
2849:Kenyan
2820:Maroua
2797:Africa
2753:(~150)
2586:Penang
2531:M'bour
2521:Mardin
2471:Kailge
2461:Kajana
2430:Inuit
2354:Brunca
2349:Bribri
2307:Alipur
2287:Afghan
2243:Sqeliz
2128:Nakota
2006:Nohkop
2003:Chicán
1912:Nepali
1902:Bombay
1431:Yangon
1165:Samoan
1151:Fijian
1128:Auslan
1116:BANZSL
1073:Syrian
1034:Iraqi–
1025:Yemeni
1015:Libyan
974:Meriam
888:Umpila
831:Diyari
462:, and
381:croire
281:, his
229:France
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
4627:Media
4385:Irish
4105:Sivia
4054:Chile
3997:Wanib
3972:Mehek
3938:Yolŋu
3906:Ngada
3727:Mayan
3697:Haiti
3693:Mayan
3672:Cuban
3491:Spain
3431:Dutch
3387:Italy
3383:Irish
3359:Greek
3343:Lyons
3197:Tibet
3161:Saudi
3140:Jumla
3126:Nepal
3068:Korea
3050:Japan
3018:Iraqi
2970:India
2954:China
2883:Mbour
2857:Tebul
2845:Kenya
2824:Ghana
2682:Wanib
2657:Tebul
2647:Sivia
2536:Mehek
2451:Jumla
2164:Sioux
2149:Palus
2146:Omaha
2009:Nohya
1908:Delhi
1830:Hanoi
1242:Macau
1102:Omani
1097:Saudi
1047:Iraqi
930:Yolŋu
596:p. 95
530:[
507:[
470:Myths
185:Paris
90:JSTOR
76:books
4829:and
4461:si5s
4091:Peru
4045:Cena
3962:Enga
3793:Cree
3668:Cuba
3602:Cree
3219:Thai
3084:Laos
3014:Iraq
3006:Iran
2989:Naga
2932:Asia
2870:Bura
2853:Mali
2759:(7+)
2561:Naga
2389:Enga
2359:Cena
2167:Taos
2113:Icāk
2104:Diné
1884:Sign
548:out.
540:2015
517:2015
456:Metz
443:vs.
233:Deaf
174:Died
148:Born
126:Abbé
62:news
4831:BSL
4827:ASL
4166:ASL
399:).
235:".
45:by
4876::
4851:^c
4842:^b
4837:.
4820:^a
4769:,
4310:/
4306:/
4302:/
4298:/
709:.
542:.
466:.
458:,
428:.
364:.
316:.
255:.
199:,
164:,
4862:.
4773:)
4765:(
4474:)
4468:(
823:)
819:(
764:e
757:t
750:v
562:.
519:.
331:)
211:(
156:)
152:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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