338:
362:
523:"Referring to Mr. Day's graphical method of illustrating certain routine in respect to manufacturing in the shop, I will say I think that is one of the most useful methods which a manager can have before him. It can be carried out in many different ways, so that not only the manager can from time to time refresh his memory as to the duties of the men by graphically illustrating to them, but he can also have the reference there before his eyes in the event of new men coming in, and by means of that graphic representation, can show them how to pick up their work much more quickly and put it through. It also enables one to pick out bad methods and prevent work retrograding. I would say, in conclusion, that the method Mr. Day has brought forward can be used generally, broadly, and also in detail, with great success. I hand in samples of charts which I have drawn up and use daily in the practical work of production..."
350:
224:"... Their ad in American Machinist drew one response — from the owner of a firm In New York who said he was curious to see a "Modernizing Engineer" and wanted the young men to "drop in sometime". Day and Dodge did drop in and the next morning they added their first client to their list of assets. In the early 1900s time studies, efficiency experts and program planning were virtually unknown. Management and administration had not kept up with dramatic engineering developments. Dodge and Day introduced a new concept which they called Betterment Reports — assessment and evaluation studies to help industries' management become more efficient, aggressive and progressive..."
271:, Day presented a method for the analysis and organization design of machine shops based on the Taylor System. The first subject of discussion was the subdivision of the departments of a machine shop. For this matter a general subdivision and a further subdivision can be made. The following topics of discussion were the means of attaining economical production in the machine shop, the Question of Power Application with Courses to fulfill the conditions, and the advantages derived from the use of individual motors on machine tools. The last topic was the graphical distribution of costs, showing cost value of operations.
248:
478:, head of the U.S. Army Ordnance Department. Crozier, impressed by Gantt’s graphic displays, developed a series of progress and performance charts to aid in managing army arsenals. When Gantt gave up his consulting work to aid in the war effort, he puzzled over how to track the huge amount of defense work being performed at so many different sites. Scheduling was especially crucial, and the information necessary to plan and coordinate private contractors’ efforts with those of government agencies was lacking. Gantt spent three months trying to solve this puzzle before realizing that
204:, Day was presented as "Charles P. Day of Philadelphia, an efficiency engineer, who adopted Scientific Management to the construction of factories and manufacturing plants." For the design of manufacturing plants and civil works, Day co-founded his own engineering firm that still exists today. Day did more than just adopt ideas, and brought them into practice. He developed one or two innovative graphical techniques, and with that contributed to the graphic history of scientific management.
594:"Mr. Day was especially known as a specialist in public utility management and operation, although he first established a national reputation as an economist and exponent of manufacturing efficiency in industrial plants. After many years of successful work in the manufacturing field he extended his interest to the public utility field, and it was not long before his contacts became far reaching, embracing both the technical and the financial phases of the business."
297:"The primary purpose of this article is to call attention to the advantages that can be derived from the use of the graphical routing diagram as a basis for the planning of industrial plants. This diagram, as its name implies, indicates the paths or routes followed by the materials of manufacture when passing from their crude to their finished state, and in its final development it absolutely defines the plant in all particulars of layout."
119:. Later, the scope of the organization was enlarged to include a great deal of engineering and construction work in both the industrial and public-service fields. In 1907, another former classmate John Zimmerman joined the firm as partner, and they renamed the firm Dodge, Day & Zimmermann. After Kern Dodge withdrew as partner in 1911, the firm became Day & Zimmermann, incorporated in 1916, and still exists today.
20:
101:
466:
to study the management of Navy yards, which didn't work out right. Wren (2009) summarized that "their efforts went for naught when, following the
Interstate Commerce Commission hearings in late 1911, the Secretary of the Navy announced that he would never allow scientific management to be applied in
74:
After obtaining his master's degree, Day was superintendent of installation of power-plant equipment and transmission machinery at the 1899 Philadelphia Export
Exposition, where James Mapes Dodge had served on the exhibition commission. At its close, 31 November 1899, Day entered the employ of Link
337:
220:(1975) the two founders both had in common, that they "dreamed of a new and revolutionary business: Modernizing Engineering... in those early days their assets were a modest shed building, high hopes and a good idea. They had no clients." The story how it all started, has been told:
419:
was complete the building 'merely needed to be drawn around it'. This diagrammatic method assured that 'the imagination will not be drawn upon because the assumptions are based on absolute facts and not theory' – a positivist, objective stance that came to dominate ideas about flow
884:
The
National Export Exposition for the advancement of American manufacturers and the extension of export trade : the First National Exposition of the Manufacturers of the United States / under the auspices of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum and the Franklin
415:... this new route diagram was introduced by efficiency engineer Charles Day (1879–1931) in 1911 as the basis for the layout and design of industrial plants. Assuming that interior function should entirely determine a factory's layout. Day claimed that after the
1320:
602:"If you were to ask me to name Charles Day's personal attributes, I would reply: utter integrity; kindness; inexhaustible energy; and a rare gift of inspiring his associates with enthusiasm towards a constructive objective. His was true leadership..."
375:
Despite this clear presentation, neither
Charles Day nor anybody else is generally credited for making a seminal contribution to the routing diagram or route diagram. For example, in one of the first seminal works in the field, the 1923 book
361:
1043:, Regina A. Greenwood, and Sakae Hata. "What we do not know about management history: Some categories of research and methods to uncover management history mysteries." Journal of Management History 5.7 (1999): 414-424.
384:, there is a separate chapter "Factory Building and Plant Lay out." This chapter discussed the matter with the similar three types of views, and some more, without any reference to the work of Charles Day. Instead of
577:
For Wrege this was an example of "What we do not know about management history," because "their eventual fate and how they became incorporated into management information systems literature is still a mystery...."
984:
349:
959:
Current research in industrial relations: proceedings of the 10th AIRAANZ Conference, February 1996; hosted by
Department of Organisational & Labour Studies, University of Western Australia.
450:(1906), looking at machine shop lay out and arrangements of machinery. In contrast to this work, Day did take this design problem to a next level by putting the dynamic interaction first.
169:
Still chairman of the board of Day & Zimmermann, Inc., Charles Day died May 10, 1931, in the
University Hospital, Philadelphia after an illness of ten days at the age of fifty-three.
157:, now IEEE; member of the former New York Electrical Society; member of the Engineers Club of Philadelphia, and Engineers' Club; member of the Machinery Club, New York; and member of the
1325:
573:
until his death in 1933, building a consulting company worth millions. After Day’s death, Day and
Zimmerman reportedly sold Day’s original charts to the Lockheed Company..."
309:
combined with an exterior view. The article itself gives as an example the design of a gasoline automobile factory. The given graphics deliver complementary views with:
539:
revealed a series of charts designed to outline information flow and to demonstrate the advantage of network analysis of alternative methods of modernizing factories..."
480:
We have all been wrong in scheduling on a basis of quantities; the essential element in the situation is time, and this should be the basis in laying out any program.
149:
Day was an active member of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers; member of the Board of Managers and chairman of the mechanical engineering section of the
543:
There is no question one of the charts presented by Day is a network; charts that outline information flows were only presented by Calder. Day presented two
115:
in 1901, the two of them founded the company Dodge & Day, specializing in engineering, shop equipment and management. One of their first employees was
154:
666:
79:
where James Mapes Dodge was president. He started out as assistant to superintendent and became engineer of works, working on modernizing the plant.
508:
507:
as described above, in which he proposed a number of charts to be used in management. This paper was first presented at the
Saratoga meeting of the
1310:
611:
1315:
792:
The
Mitchells and Days of Philadelphia: with their kin: Dr. S. Weir Mitchell and Helena Mary Langdon (Mitchell) and Kenneth MacKenzie Day,
313:
Perspective routing diagram, in outline, showing paths followed during manufacture of principal units entering into gasoline automobiles
217:
511:(ASME). Day, by then still a junior ASME member, had presented his paper to an audience with among others Frederick Winslow Taylor,
244:
began with the first concrete laid at Gatun, on August 24, 1909, by the Philadelphia-based company Day, Dodge & Zimmermann.
71:, where he received his BS in 1899 in Electrical Engineering. Thereafter in 1901 he obtained his Master of Engineering in 1901.
874:," Engineering Magazine. v.39 1910 Apr-Sep. p. 7; Section: The publisher's announcement, Authors and papers for September 1910.
405:
With the articles of Wrege (1978), Wrege (1999) and others, there is a re-evaluation of these contributions. For example, the
158:
531:
the work by Day and Calder were some of the earliest presenting charts of information flow. Wrege et al. (1999) summarized:
475:
193:. It is not without reason his biographer Taylor, H. Birchard (1953) named him a "Symbol of American Industrial Genius."
131:
823:, "Pioneer Documents in MIS A Closer Look." Proceedings. Vol. 1. American Institute for Decision Sciences, 1978. p. 303
610:
since the early 1900s, and particularly his dealings with the Navy during World War I. In remembrance of his name, the
657:
135:
143:
68:
1204:
30:(May 15, 1879 – May 10, 1931) was an American electrical, construction and consulting engineer, and co-founder of
1279:
758:
Volume 57. Conference of American Mayors. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1915. pp. 83–91
749:
Scientific management; a collection of the more significant articles describing the Taylor system of management.
1119:
899:
247:
201:
182:
56:
34:. He is known as a specialist in public utility management and operation, and for his seminal contributions to
871:
714:
703:
255:
In 1914, the company was contacted by the Hershey chocolate company to produce the foil wrapping machines for
725:
674:
1147:
536:
516:
139:
774:
740:
190:
178:
607:
126:
from 1912 to 1915, who had joined Gantt's consulting firm in 1915, and started his own firm in 1915. In
88:
83:
685:
289:
proposed a new type of graphic illustration of the material flow through industrial plants, named the
1305:
1300:
1271:
1142:
715:
Metal-Working Plants, Their Machine-Tool Equipment; II: Buildings for heavy and general machine works
632:
548:
544:
381:
319:
Detail Routing Diagram, Machine-tool equipment and paths or parts in a wagon- and carriage-axle plant
281:
1130:
435:
427:
256:
233:
213:
31:
76:
598:
On a more personal level, H. Birchard Taylor (1952) in the first Charles Day lecture remembered:
463:
241:
237:
150:
60:
1238:
Who's who in finance, incorporated, 1925. p. 245; Lemma listed 8 of the articles mentioned here.
1186:
1040:
756:
Proceedings of the Conference of American Mayors on Public Policies as to Municipal Utilities,
560:
186:
64:
887:. Philadelphia : Department of Publicity and Promotion, National Export Exposition, 1899
1161:
820:
528:
443:
112:
290:
116:
39:
1236:
Who's who in Finance, Banking and Insurance: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries.
641:
1221:
H. Birchard Taylor. "Charles Day (1879–1931) Symbol of American Industrial Genius." in:
1166:
957:
Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand. Conference.
19:
1182:
1124:
928:
123:
438:" which contained two simplified routing diagrams for handling lumber, that he called
1294:
569:
177:
Educated at first in Electrical Engineering, Day's work developed into the fields of
1152:
International Accountants' Society, inc. Detroit; The Book Keeper Press, 1905. p. 72
486:
The developments set in motion in those days did pave the way to the realization of
416:
883:
625:
902:. "The Gospel of Efficiency; Part III: Principles of Scientific Management," in:
426:
Day was not the first to introduce the concept of routing diagrams. For example,
552:
512:
487:
470:
The breakthrough happened in the same period, as Wren (2009) further explained:
459:
236:
company was the design of the construction of the Gatun Lock System, one of the
229:
127:
100:
86:, and Day would follow into those footsteps. One decade later a 1911 article in
972:
Day & Zimmermann, Inc: Dedicated to Excellence for Eighty Years, 1901–1981.
398:
35:
1321:
University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
1129:
John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 1923; 2nd rev. ed, 1928; 3rd ed. with
212:
In 1901 Day and Kern Dodge laid the foundation for the engineering company
111:
After Day's friend Kern Dodge obtained his BS in mechanical engineering at
852:
The Thomas Eakins collection of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
686:
Discussion on the Individual Operation of Machine Tools by Electric Motors
301:
The graphic method presented consisted of two types of routing diagram, a
1284:
836:
AA Files: Annals of the Architectural Association School of Architecture,
474:"Just prior to the war, Gantt had also served as a consultant to General
1077:
697:
Transactions of the International Electrical Congress, St. Louis, 1904.
92:
would present Day as one of a dozen frontmen of scientific management.
555:. Furthermore, Wrege et al. (1999) mentioned how the story continued:
316:
Exterior view of automobile plant to which the routing diagram relates
1057:
History of civil engineering and construction in the Delaware Valley
754:
Charles Day, "Constructive Policy for Public Service Corporations,"
1020:
It is unclear whether or not this was a spelling error in the name
1055:
American Society of Civil Engineers. Philadelphia Section (1976).
519:
commenting on his ideas. It was John Calder (1903) who commented:
246:
99:
18:
590:
had the following summary of his reputation and accomplishments:
122:
One of the associates in the consulting firm of Charles Day was
747:
April 1911: 133–40; reprinted in: Thompson, Clarence Bertrand,
726:
The Routing Diagram as a Basis for laying Out Industrial Plants
287:
The routing diagram as a basis for laying out industrial plants
323:
These views were illustrated with the following three images:
63:, where he met his future business partner Kern Dodge, son of
1259:
Charles Day (1879-1931) Symbol of American Industrial Genius.
1009:
Charles Day (1879–1931) Symbol of American Industrial Genius.
293:. The first presentation itself had the following intention:
267:
In the 1903 paper entitled "The Machine Shop Problem" in the
269:
Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
59:, son of Charles A. Day and Frances Corson Day. He attended
1167:
Modern machine shop: construction, equipment and management
695:
Charles Day, "Electric Motors in Machine Shop Service."
503:
In June 1903 Charles Day had presented a paper entitled
642:
Industrial plants; their arrangement and construction
1170:
New York, The N.W. Henley publishing company, 1906.
732:September, 1910. pp. 809–821; Republished in:
82:Dodge himself would become one of the promoters of
704:Metal-Working Plants, Their Machine-Tool Equipment
446:, published on the design of machine shops in his
741:Management Principles and the Consulting Engineer
614:held an annual Charles Day lecture for decades.
96:Career as construction and consulting engineer
1326:Members of the American Philosophical Society
1024:No secondary source confirms any middle name.
946:International Directory of Company Histories.
917:International Directory of Company Histories.
850:Thomas Eakins, Phyllis D. Rosenzweig (1977),
675:Advanced Practice in Economical Metal Cutting
626:Machine-tool operation for maximum production
606:Taylor further expressed Day's experience in
8:
1051:
1049:
328:Set of routing diagrams by Charles Day, 1909
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1178:
1176:
895:
893:
664:, Vol. 24 (1903), pp. 1302–1321. (at
251:Gatun Locks under construction, circa 1913
155:American Institute of Electrical Engineers
1217:
1215:
866:
864:
862:
860:
846:
844:
831:
829:
804:
802:
800:
559:"... Day’s Company, Dodge and Day (later
458:In 1911 Charles Day worked together with
1261:Newcomen Society of North America, 1953.
1011:Newcomen Society of North America, 1953.
699:J.B. Lyon Company, 1905. pp. 590–99
630:New York, etc. 1909. Reprinted from the
509:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
138:. He wrote a series of lectures for the
767:
343:Perspective routing diagram, in outline
333:
692:158 (November 1904): pp. 321–352.
1276:Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
1254:Philadelphia: privately printed 1934.
721:39 (June–July 1910): pp. 535–48.
710:39 (June–July 1910): pp. 364–76.
646:New York, Engineering Magazine, 1911.
7:
1234:John W. Leonard. "Charles Day", in:
1191:The evolution of management thought,
409:(2005, p. 50) summarized that:
944:St James Press, Tina Grant (2000),
915:Paula Kepos, Thomas Derdak (1994),
436:Charting factory layout and routing
218:American Society of Civil Engineers
1223:Journal of the Franklin Institute,
67:. After graduation he entered the
14:
1252:CHARLES DAY: A MEMORY; 1879-1931,
690:Journal of the Franklin Institute
612:Newcomen Society in North America
355:Exterior view of automobile plant
196:In the mentioned 1911 article in
51:Youth, education and early career
1193:1972; 6th edition (2009). p. 162
790:George Valentine Massey (1968).
563:), utilized his network charts,
499:Early charts of information flow
434:already contained a section on "
360:
348:
336:
263:"The Machine Shop Problem," 1903
933:Bulletin of the Taylor Society,
681:Vol. 27, 1904. pp. 549–566
242:construction of the Gatun Lock
159:American Philosophical Society
1:
1311:American electrical engineers
16:American engineer (1879–1931)
586:In a 1931 appreciation, the
132:United States Shipping Board
1316:Engineers from Philadelphia
809:Electrical World T & D,
779:Pennsylvania: Biographical.
386:perspective routing diagram
303:perspective routing diagram
142:, and was a trustee of the
136:Emergency Fleet Corporation
1342:
588:Electrical World T & D
153:, associate member of the
144:University of Pennsylvania
69:University of Pennsylvania
1280:Athenaeum of Philadelphia
906:v.72 1911 May-Oct. p. 110
527:For management historian
467:the nation’s shipyards."
228:One of the first notable
1272:Day, Charles (1879–1931)
1120:Lansburgh, Richard Hines
1067:Harold L. Yoh (1981, 11)
658:The Machine Shop Problem
547:, and four more or less
505:The Machine Shop Problem
454:Management of Navy yards
279:The 1909 article in the
202:Frederick Winslow Taylor
75:Belt Engineering Co. in
57:Germantown, Philadelphia
55:Day was born in 1879 in
1209:Vol. 24, 1903, p. 1320.
870:Engineering Magazine, "
751:1914, pp. 205–216.
307:detail routing diagram,
232:accomplishments of the
140:Harvard Business School
23:Charles Day (1879–1931)
1250:Margaret Dunning Day,
970:Harold L. Yoh (1981),
904:The American Magazine.
775:Frederic A. Godcharles
442:Another contemporary,
394:detail routing diagram
388:, Lansburgh speaks of
367:Detail Routing Diagram
252:
191:management engineering
108:
105:The American Magazine,
24:
1287:, history of the firm
1278:(PAB) project of the
1125:Industrial Management
1007:Taylor, H. Birchard,
811:Vol. 97, 1931, p. 924
745:Engineering Magazine,
730:Engineering Magazine,
679:Engineering Magazine,
651:Articles, a selection
618:Selected publications
608:scientific management
549:classification charts
545:organizational charts
535:"... Charles Day and
378:Industrial Management
250:
198:The American Magazine
103:
89:The American Magazine
84:scientific management
22:
1285:Day & Zimmermann
1257:H. Birchard Taylor,
1143:Griffith, James Bray
989:search.amphilsoc.org
985:"APS Member History"
719:Engineering Magazine
708:Engineering Magazine
633:Engineering Magazine
582:Personal remembrance
382:Richard H. Lansburgh
282:Engineering Magazine
234:Day & Zimmermann
214:Day & Zimmermann
208:Day & Zimmermann
32:Day & Zimmermann
1133:, 1940. pp. 135-146
1131:William R. Spriegel
1082:Day & Zimmerman
900:Frederick W. Taylor
448:Modern machine shop
428:James Bray Griffith
1101:Charles Day (1903)
736:1911. Chapter VII.
734:Industrial Plants,
567:and early form of
565:betterment reports
464:Harrington Emerson
253:
238:Panama Canal locks
151:Franklin Institute
130:Day served on the
109:
61:Germantown Academy
25:
1187:Arthur G. Bedeian
1041:Wrege, Charles D.
935:Vol. 15-16, p. 90
561:Day and Zimmerman
430:in his 1905 book
65:James Mapes Dodge
1333:
1239:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1210:
1200:
1194:
1180:
1171:
1162:Oscar E. Perrigo
1159:
1153:
1140:
1134:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
995:
981:
975:
968:
962:
955:
949:
942:
936:
926:
920:
913:
907:
897:
888:
881:
875:
868:
855:
848:
839:
833:
824:
821:Charles D. Wrege
818:
812:
806:
795:
788:
782:
772:
529:Charles D. Wrege
444:Oscar E. Perrigo
364:
352:
340:
257:Hershey's Kisses
113:Drexel Institute
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1291:
1290:
1268:
1247:
1245:Further reading
1242:
1233:
1229:
1225:Vol. 254, p. 20
1220:
1213:
1201:
1197:
1181:
1174:
1160:
1156:
1141:
1137:
1118:
1114:
1110:Day (1909, 809)
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1028:
1022:Charles P. Day.
1019:
1015:
1006:
1002:
993:
991:
983:
982:
978:
969:
965:
956:
952:
948:Vol. 31, p. 153
943:
939:
927:
923:
914:
910:
898:
891:
882:
878:
869:
858:
849:
842:
834:
827:
819:
815:
807:
798:
789:
785:
773:
769:
765:
620:
584:
501:
496:
476:William Crozier
456:
390:vertical layout
373:
372:
371:
368:
365:
356:
353:
344:
341:
330:
329:
291:routing diagram
277:
275:Routing diagram
265:
216:. According to
210:
175:
167:
117:Conrad N. Lauer
98:
53:
48:
40:routing diagram
17:
12:
11:
5:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1274:data from the
1267:
1266:External links
1264:
1263:
1262:
1255:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1227:
1211:
1195:
1183:Daniel A. Wren
1172:
1154:
1135:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1069:
1060:
1045:
1026:
1013:
1000:
976:
963:
950:
937:
929:Taylor Society
921:
908:
889:
876:
856:
840:
825:
813:
796:
783:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
752:
739:Charles Day, "
737:
724:Charles Day, "
722:
713:Charles Day, "
711:
702:Charles Day, "
700:
693:
684:Charles Day, "
682:
673:Charles Day, "
671:
656:Charles Day, "
653:
652:
648:
647:
637:
619:
616:
604:
603:
596:
595:
583:
580:
575:
574:
570:decision trees
541:
540:
525:
524:
500:
497:
495:
492:
484:
483:
455:
452:
424:
423:
422:
421:
370:
369:
366:
359:
357:
354:
347:
345:
342:
335:
332:
331:
327:
326:
325:
321:
320:
317:
314:
299:
298:
276:
273:
264:
261:
226:
225:
209:
206:
174:
171:
166:
163:
124:Walter Polakov
97:
94:
77:Nicetown–Tioga
52:
49:
47:
44:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1338:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:Systematizing
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1001:
990:
986:
980:
977:
973:
967:
964:
961:1996, p. 251.
960:
954:
951:
947:
941:
938:
934:
930:
925:
922:
919:Vol 9, p. 162
918:
912:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
880:
877:
873:
867:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
847:
845:
841:
838:(2005, p. 50)
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
817:
814:
810:
805:
803:
801:
797:
793:
787:
784:
780:
776:
771:
768:
762:
757:
753:
750:
746:
742:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
720:
716:
712:
709:
705:
701:
698:
694:
691:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
654:
650:
649:
645:
643:
639:Charles Day.
638:
636:
634:
629:
627:
623:Charles Day.
622:
621:
617:
615:
613:
609:
601:
600:
599:
593:
592:
591:
589:
581:
579:
572:
571:
566:
562:
558:
557:
556:
554:
550:
546:
538:
534:
533:
532:
530:
522:
521:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
498:
493:
491:
489:
481:
477:
473:
472:
471:
468:
465:
461:
453:
451:
449:
445:
441:
440:arrangements.
437:
433:
432:Systematizing
429:
418:
414:
413:
412:
411:
410:
408:
403:
402:
400:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
363:
358:
351:
346:
339:
334:
324:
318:
315:
312:
311:
310:
308:
304:
296:
295:
294:
292:
288:
284:
283:
274:
272:
270:
262:
260:
258:
249:
245:
243:
240:in 1907. The
239:
235:
231:
223:
222:
221:
219:
215:
207:
205:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
170:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
114:
106:
102:
95:
93:
91:
90:
85:
80:
78:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
45:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1275:
1258:
1251:
1235:
1230:
1222:
1205:Transactions
1203:
1198:
1190:
1165:
1157:
1146:
1138:
1123:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:
1072:
1063:
1056:
1021:
1016:
1008:
1003:
992:. Retrieved
988:
979:
971:
966:
958:
953:
945:
940:
932:
924:
916:
911:
903:
879:
854:1977. p. 183
851:
835:
816:
808:
791:
786:
778:
770:
755:
748:
744:
733:
729:
718:
707:
696:
689:
678:
665:
661:
640:
631:
624:
605:
597:
587:
585:
576:
568:
564:
553:concept maps
542:
526:
504:
502:
488:Gantt charts
485:
479:
469:
457:
447:
439:
431:
425:
417:flow diagram
406:
404:
397:
393:
389:
385:
377:
374:
322:
306:
302:
300:
286:
280:
278:
268:
266:
254:
227:
211:
197:
195:
183:construction
176:
168:
148:
121:
110:
104:
87:
81:
73:
54:
27:
26:
1306:1931 deaths
1301:1879 births
1087:November 2,
872:Charles Day
667:archive.org
662:Trans. ASME
537:John Calder
517:John Calder
513:Henry Gantt
460:Henry Gantt
396:is named a
230:engineering
128:World War I
36:flow charts
28:Charles Day
1295:Categories
994:2023-08-15
763:References
399:flow chart
392:, and the
179:mechanical
1078:"History"
885:Institute
494:Reception
420:diagrams.
285:entitled
46:Biography
931:(1930),
777:(1933),
407:AA Files
107:May 1911
38:and the
1202:ASME,
1145:(ed.).
781:p. xiii
134:in its
1185:&
305:and a
974:p. 12
794:p. 11
187:civil
165:Death
1089:2022
515:and
482:..."
462:and
189:and
173:Work
743:,"
728:."
706:,"
688:,"
677:,"
660:,"
551:or
380:by
200:by
1297::
1214:^
1189:,
1175:^
1164:.
1122:.
1080:.
1048:^
1029:^
987:.
892:^
859:^
843:^
828:^
799:^
717:"
490:.
259:.
185:,
181:,
161:.
146:.
42:.
1207:,
1150:.
1127:.
1091:.
997:.
670:)
644:.
635:.
628:,
401:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
