229:
25:
131:. Between 1870 and 1874, he reported from ten observations of the shadow of the Jovian moon Ganymede that the shadows appeared to be more elongated than one might expect. He travelled, in the role of a photographer, on one of the five official British expeditions to observe the
202:'Considering the difficulty of the objects… given these streaks by different observers hardly afford grounds for surprise. Great caution is necessary in asserting that any "canal" is a recent formation, considering our present almost total ignorance of the conditions.'
244:, and to set up a permanent observatory, interrupted Burton's experiments at lunar photography. Weeks into this preparation, he succumbed to the heart disease at the root of his poor constitution, suffering a fatal heart-attack in the church at
268:'His loss will be deeply felt by those who knew him well, for these laud him for his blameless life and courteous manners, as much as they respected him for his high scientific attainments and unsurpassed powers as an astronomical observer'.
220:
Burton also provided the first scientific evidence of clouds on Mars, in notes from 5 January 1880, which he attributed to ground mists and the long exposure of the ice at the south pole to the Sun's energy. The Greek astronomer
163:, again retiring because of ill-health in August 1878. His observations of the transit led him to suggest that the fuzzy limb apparent in the imaging of Venus was evidence of a planetary atmosphere.
84:) observatory in February 1868 as an assistant astronomer, using a small transit telescope and learning to grind mirrors up to 15 inches (38 cm) in diameter for telescopes; in the 1840s,
610:
108:
431:
Leighton, Robert B.; Murray, Bruce C.; Sharp, Robert P.; Allen, J. Denton; Sloan, Richard K. (1965). "Mariner IV Photography of Mars: Initial
Results".
248:, on Sunday 9 July 1882. Despite his sickly nature, some attributed his early death to repeated exposure to cold nights while observing the heavens.
600:
510:
409:
174:
where he built his own observatory with 8-inch (20 cm) and 12-inch reflectors. In 1879, with Mars at its closest point to Earth (in
81:
124:
85:
115:
He resigned his post as Rosse's assistant on account of poor health in March 1869. The following year, he went on the expedition to
273:
605:
198:(1881). However, Burton stated very clearly that astronomers should be circumspect over the permanence of the features:
256:
Colleagues of his time deplored the loss of such an outstanding astronomer at the age of 35. His colleague and friend,
107:
60:, experimenting with celestial photography. The family returned to Ireland, where Rev. Burton was appointed curate of
228:
327:
225:, who became known particularly for his study of Mars, referred to this historical observation as "genius".
187:
132:
101:
56:. Suffering from ill-health, he was privately educated. By the age of 15 he had become very interested in
179:
152:
595:
590:
491:
440:
305:
236:
Preparations for further
British expeditions to watch the next transit of Venus (1882), this time to
175:
191:
156:
128:
93:
89:
464:
96:. The mirrors ground by Burton were regarded as beyond compare. Later in 1868, Burton gained a
456:
49:
448:
335:
97:
482:
Koorts, W.P. (2004). "The 1882 transit of Venus: The
British expeditions to South Africa".
222:
186:, and indeed drew different ones . His sketches of the canals, and also two sketches from
116:
206:
Definitive proof of the absence of linear features was only provided in the 1960s by the
495:
444:
309:
155:
taking measurements of the photographic plates of the transit, followed by two years at
257:
183:
147:. Using a 12-inch (30 cm) silvered-glass reflector that he had built, he observed
30:
584:
171:
167:
69:
65:
468:
339:
140:
532:
452:
245:
241:
61:
20:
361:
214:
144:
136:
57:
460:
151:
only visible from the southern hemisphere. He spent nearly a year at the
53:
40:(16 September 1846 – 9 July 1882) was a British-born Irish astronomer.
237:
160:
148:
120:
190:
the Danish-Irish astronomer working at
Dunsink, were included on a
127:, and he read his paper about the event on 13 February 1871 to the
88:(3rd Earl) had built the world's largest telescope at Parsonstown (
563:
Chapman, A.: "The
Victorian amateur astronomer". Chichester, 1996.
227:
106:
232:
Burton crater on Mars. NASA/JPL-Caltech/Arizona State
University.
207:
560:
Chambers, P: "Life on Mars: the complete story". London, 1999.
296:
Fitzgerald, A. P. (1959). "Charles Edward Burton, 1846–1882".
211:
52:, where his father, Reverend Edward. W. Burton, held a church
484:
Monthly Notes of the
Astronomical Society of Southern Africa
511:"Birr to regain heavenly status through telescope makeover"
272:
In 1973, Burton's astronomical work was honoured by the
575:
The Planet Mars: a history of observation and discovery
388:
Celestial
Shadows: Eclipses, Transits, and Occultations
166:
He continued to work from his father's parsonage at
410:"Charles Edward Burton: the first Irishman on Mars"
362:"Burton, Charles Edward (1846–1882), astronomer"
135:in 1874, his expedition being to the island of
509:Hickey, Shane; Nolan, Larissa (6 July 2006).
8:
386:Westfall, John; Sheehan, William (2014).
182:'s 1877 observation of the appearance of
403:
401:
399:
397:
355:
353:
351:
349:
332:Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
276:which named a crater on Mars after him.
285:
321:
319:
291:
289:
194:map in the fourth edition of. Webb's
7:
92:from 1899), a 72-inch (183 cm)
611:People from Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
14:
274:International Astronomical Union
48:He was born to Irish parents in
23:
601:19th-century Irish astronomers
340:10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_9030
80:He joined Lawrence Parsons's (
1:
123:, to observe the total solar
453:10.1126/science.149.3684.627
16:Irish astronomer (1846–1882)
627:
537:planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov
298:Irish Astronomical Journal
326:Sheehan, William (2014).
408:Phelan, Dominic (2006).
390:. Springer. p. 207.
328:"Burton, Charles Edward"
233:
125:eclipse of 22 December
112:
102:Trinity College Dublin
334:. Springer: 347–349.
262:Astronomical Register
231:
180:Giovanni Schiaparelli
153:Greenwich Observatory
119:(also Austa/Agosta),
110:
38:Charles Edward Burton
606:People from Cheshire
360:Clerke, Agnes Mary.
111:1873 drawing of Mars
496:2004MNSSA..63...34K
445:1965Sci...149..627L
310:1959IrAJ....5..167F
192:Mercator projection
157:Dunsink Observatory
129:Royal Irish Academy
234:
113:
366:www.oxforddnb.com
196:Celestial Objects
50:Barnton, Cheshire
618:
548:
547:
545:
543:
533:"Burton on Mars"
529:
523:
522:
520:
518:
506:
500:
499:
479:
473:
472:
439:(3684): 627–30.
428:
422:
421:
405:
392:
391:
383:
377:
376:
374:
372:
357:
344:
343:
323:
314:
313:
293:
184:'canals' on Mars
133:transit of Venus
33:
28:
27:
26:
626:
625:
621:
620:
619:
617:
616:
615:
581:
580:
557:
555:Further reading
552:
551:
541:
539:
531:
530:
526:
516:
514:
508:
507:
503:
481:
480:
476:
430:
429:
425:
414:History Ireland
407:
406:
395:
385:
384:
380:
370:
368:
359:
358:
347:
325:
324:
317:
295:
294:
287:
282:
260:, wrote in the
254:
223:E. M. Antoniadi
178:, he validated
86:William Parsons
78:
46:
29:
24:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
624:
622:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
583:
582:
579:
578:
577:. Tucson, 1996
573:Sheehan, W.:
571:
570:. London, 1998
564:
561:
556:
553:
550:
549:
524:
501:
474:
423:
393:
378:
345:
315:
284:
283:
281:
278:
270:
269:
258:Wentworth Erck
253:
250:
204:
203:
77:
74:
45:
42:
35:
34:
31:Ireland portal
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
623:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
586:
576:
572:
569:
565:
562:
559:
558:
554:
538:
534:
528:
525:
512:
505:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
478:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
424:
419:
415:
411:
404:
402:
400:
398:
394:
389:
382:
379:
367:
363:
356:
354:
352:
350:
346:
341:
337:
333:
329:
322:
320:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
292:
290:
286:
279:
277:
275:
267:
266:
265:
263:
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
230:
226:
224:
218:
216:
213:
209:
201:
200:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
172:County Dublin
169:
168:Loughlinstown
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
109:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
75:
73:
71:
70:County Dublin
67:
66:Loughlinstown
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
41:
39:
32:
21:
19:
574:
567:
540:. Retrieved
536:
527:
515:. Retrieved
504:
487:
483:
477:
436:
432:
426:
417:
413:
387:
381:
369:. Retrieved
365:
331:
301:
297:
271:
261:
255:
235:
219:
205:
195:
165:
141:Indian Ocean
114:
79:
47:
37:
36:
18:
596:1882 deaths
591:1846 births
566:Moore, P:
542:10 December
517:10 December
371:18 November
304:: 167–173.
246:Castleknock
242:Cape Colony
188:John Dreyer
62:Rathmichael
585:Categories
280:References
176:opposition
82:Lord Rosse
44:Early life
490:: 34–57.
215:Mariner 4
145:Mauritius
137:Rodrigues
94:reflector
58:astronomy
513:. Dublin
469:43407530
461:17747569
64:Church,
54:benefice
568:On Mars
492:Bibcode
441:Bibcode
433:Science
306:Bibcode
217:probe.
149:nebulae
143:, near
139:in the
117:Augusta
467:
459:
252:Legacy
238:Durban
161:Dublin
121:Sicily
76:Career
465:S2CID
159:near
100:from
544:2017
519:2017
457:PMID
420:(1).
373:2017
208:NASA
98:B.A.
90:Birr
449:doi
437:149
336:doi
212:JPL
587::
535:.
488:63
486:.
463:.
455:.
447:.
435:.
418:14
416:.
412:.
396:^
364:.
348:^
330:.
318:^
300:.
288:^
264::
240:,
170:,
104:.
72:.
68:,
546:.
521:.
498:.
494::
471:.
451::
443::
375:.
342:.
338::
312:.
308::
302:5
210:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
