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336:
410:, Schiaparelli wrote: "Rather than true channels in a form familiar to us, we must imagine depressions in the soil that are not very deep, extended in a straight direction for thousands of miles, over a width of 100, 200 kilometres and maybe more. I have already pointed out that, in the absence of rain on Mars, these channels are probably the main mechanism by which the water (and with it organic life) can spread on the dry surface of the planet."
33:
419:
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384:, who spent much of his life trying to prove the existence of intelligent life on the red planet. After Lowell's death in 1916, astronomers developed a consensus against the canal hypothesis, but the popular concept of Martian canals excavated by intelligent Martians remained in the public mind for the first half of the 20th century and inspired a corpus of works of classic
371:
that the observed features were natural configurations of the planetary surface. From the incorrect translation into the term "canals", various assumptions were made about life on Mars; as these assumptions were popularized, the "canals" of Mars became famous, giving rise to waves of hypotheses,
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484:. These observations led the astronomer to formulate the hypothesis, subsequently proved to be correct, that the meteor showers could be the trails of comets. He was also a keen observer of the inner planets
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399:. The last popular speculations about canals were finally put to rest during the spaceflight era beginning in the 1960s, when visiting spacecraft such as
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photographed the surface with much higher resolution than Earth-based telescopes, confirming that there are no structures resembling "canals".
969:
927:
1212:
1208:
1374:
1075:. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).
884:
1314:
380:, intelligent life living on Mars. Among the most fervent supporters of the artificial-canal hypothesis was the American astronomer
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511:, unlike those used by many astronomers of later times, were not to be taken as material objects, but only as part of an
539:
592:
317:, the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino and the Regio Istituto Lombardo, and is particularly known for his studies of
911:
985:
Defrancesco, S. (April 1988). "Schiaparelli's determination of the rotation period of
Mercury: a re-examination".
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783:
614:
534:
496:. In 1965, it was shown that his and most other subsequent measurements of Mercury's period were incorrect.
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Schiaparelli was a scholar of the history of classical astronomy. He was the first to realize that the
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358:" of 1877, he observed a dense network of linear structures on the surface of Mars, which he called
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Sulla determinazione della posizione geografica dei luoghi per mezzo di osservazioni astronomiche
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1224:. Observational diaries, manuscripts & drawings. Historical Archive of Brera Observatory.
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in
Italian, meaning "channels", but the term was mistranslated into English as "canals".
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Obituaries: G. V. Schiaparelli, J. G. Galle, J. B. N. Hennessey J. Coles, J. E. Gore,
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While the term "canals" indicates an artificial construction, the term "channels"
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395:, scientists came to the conclusion that the famous channels were actually mere
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1178:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 322–323.
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Later, with notable thanks to the observations of the
Italian astronomer
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130:
610:
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346:
Among
Schiaparelli's contributions are his telescopic observations of
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694:
Sulla distribuzione apparente delle stelle visibili ad occhio nudo
533:
489:
473:
417:
306:
133:
97:
82:
1325:
Corresponding members of the Saint
Petersburg Academy of Sciences
347:
340:
318:
1360:
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal
Astronomical Society
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1330:
Honorary members of the Saint
Petersburg Academy of Sciences
728:) in three volumes. Bologna. Reprint: Milano, Mimesis, 1997.
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182:
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806:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
354:" and "continents" of Mars. During the planet's "great
1335:
Foreign associates of the
National Academy of Sciences
954:
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4062) Schiaparelli
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16:
Italian astronomer and science historian (1835–1910)
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42:
23:
952:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(4062) Schiaparelli".
908:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (69) Hesperia
492:. He made several drawings and determined their
476:. He proved, for example, that the orbit of the
285:, graduating in 1854, and later did research at
987:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
1365:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
726:Writings on the History of Classical Astronomy
265:; 14 March 1835 – 4 July 1910) was an Italian
1370:Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
1183:"Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio (1835–1910)"
359:
350:. In his initial observations, he named the "
8:
722:Scritti sulla storia della astronomia antica
559:Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
468:on 29 April 1861, and demonstrated that the
956:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 347.
906:Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(69) Hesperia".
662:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
464:, discovered the large main-belt asteroid
428:
301:, and then worked for over forty years at
262:[dʒoˈvannivirˈdʒiːnjoskjapaˈrɛlli]
20:
1100:"ESA Names ExoMars Lander 'Schiaparelli'"
854:
852:
334:
1240:Works by or about Giovanni Schiaparelli
1231:Works by Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli
1192:, Vol. 33, p. 311–318, August 1910
1185:, biography from www.daviddarling.info.
1169:"Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio"
860:"Cosmic Errors: Martians Build Canals!"
738:
877:"Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)"
655:
633:, became a noted designer or maker of
795:
793:
260:
7:
1320:Foreign members of the Royal Society
697:(in Italian). Milano: Hoepli. 1889.
1098:Patterson, Sean (8 November 2013).
687:(in Italian). Milano: Hoepli. 1888.
339:Schiaparelli's 1877 surface map of
1053:from the original on 26 April 2020
887:from the original on 26 April 2020
14:
1385:Recipients of the Cothenius Medal
773:"Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio"
480:coincided with that of the comet
1340:19th-century Italian astronomers
1207:Source texts from Wikisource in
1202:
1110:from the original on 15 May 2019
1079:from the original on 19 May 2024
1023:from the original on 19 May 2021
684:Osservazioni sulle stelle doppie
414:Astronomy and history of science
220:
139:
31:
1380:Recipients of the Lalande Prize
309:. He was also a senator of the
1222:: I diari di G.V. Schiaparelli
962:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_4041
834:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
581:, named on 15 September 1989 (
524:American Philosophical Society
456:An observer of objects in the
422:Schiaparelli's planisphere of
127:Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli
47:Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli
1:
1355:Recipients of the Bruce Medal
1345:Italian historians of science
809:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
920:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_70
540:Monumental Cemetery of Milan
538:Schiaparelli's grave at the
293:. In 1859–1860 he worked in
652:(in Italian). Milano. 1872.
1401:
1375:University of Turin alumni
912:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
328:
711:La vita sul pianeta Marte
460:, Schiaparelli worked on
376:about the possibility of
120:
103:
30:
1315:Discoverers of asteroids
866:magazine, December 2010.
1175:Encyclopædia Britannica
784:Oxford University Press
603:Schiaparelli Dorsum on
577:The main-belt asteroid
1350:People from Savigliano
543:
522:He was elected to the
515:similar to the modern
426:
360:
343:
1073:"Schiaparelli Dorsum"
1043:"MPC/MPO/MPS Archive"
780:UK English Dictionary
537:
472:were associated with
433:discovered: 1
421:
338:
37:Giovanni Schiaparelli
25:Giovanni Schiaparelli
1017:search.amphilsoc.org
1013:"APS Member History"
478:Leonid meteor shower
315:Accademia dei Lincei
1130:"ELSA SCHIAPARELLI"
1047:Minor Planet Center
999:1988JBAA...98..146D
881:Minor Planet Center
703:1889sdas.book.....S
597:The Martian crater
434:
295:Pulkovo Observatory
283:University of Turin
65:Kingdom of Sardinia
544:
501:concentric spheres
429:
427:
344:
313:, a member of the
287:Berlin Observatory
281:He studied at the
1235:Project Gutenberg
971:978-3-540-00238-3
929:978-3-540-00238-3
837:. Merriam-Webster
676:The Falling Stars
672:Le stelle cadenti
641:Selected writings
631:Elsa Schiaparelli
591:The lunar crater
579:4062 Schiaparelli
530:Honors and awards
505:Eudoxus of Cnidus
454:
453:
450:
397:optical illusions
372:speculation, and
271:science historian
124:
123:
105:Scientific career
1392:
1264:
1244:Internet Archive
1227:
1220:Le Mani su Marte
1206:
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1171:
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1147:
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1140:on 7 August 2014
1136:. Archived from
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1104:Space Fellowship
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753:on 18 March 2009
749:. Archived from
747:"Senato Website"
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494:rotation periods
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883:. 23 May 2016.
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1164:Chisholm, Hugh
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914:. p. 22.
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858:Washam, Erik,
848:
829:"Schiaparelli"
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801:"Schiaparelli"
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331:Martian canals
329:Main article:
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553:Lalande Prize
551:
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482:Tempel-Tuttle
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443:29 April 1861
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57:14 March 1835
45:
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19:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1263:(in Italian)
1257:
1226:(in Italian)
1219:
1189:
1173:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1133:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1103:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1046:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1016:
1007:
990:
986:
980:
953:
907:
901:
889:. Retrieved
880:
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839:. Retrieved
832:
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811:. Retrieved
804:
776:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
741:
725:
721:
715:Life on Mars
714:
710:
693:
683:
675:
671:
648:
628:
616:Schiaparelli
615:
599:Schiaparelli
593:Schiaparelli
521:
498:
462:binary stars
458:Solar System
455:
408:Life on Mars
407:
406:In his book
405:
390:
366:
345:
280:
126:
125:
104:
77:(1910-07-04)
18:
1310:1910 deaths
1305:1835 births
1144:17 December
993:: 146–150.
864:Smithsonian
629:His niece,
565:Bruce Medal
466:69 Hesperia
439:69 Hesperia
94:Nationality
75:4 July 1910
1299:Categories
1290:(1910) 164
1281:(1911) 282
1272:(1910) 313
1250:Obituaries
1114:8 November
1083:19 October
733:References
356:opposition
267:astronomer
61:Savigliano
53:1835-03-14
658:cite book
625:Relatives
609:The 2016
526:in 1901.
513:algorithm
509:Callippus
431:Asteroids
277:Biography
115:Astronomy
1108:Archived
1077:Archived
1051:Archived
1021:Archived
885:Archived
841:5 August
813:5 August
757:14 March
378:Martians
374:folklore
369:connotes
289:, under
258:Italian:
131:ForMemRS
1242:at the
1213:English
1209:Italian
995:Bibcode
891:20 June
720:1925 –
709:1893 –
699:Bibcode
670:1873 –
611:ExoMars
605:Mercury
542:, Italy
486:Mercury
424:Mercury
98:Italian
1277:MNRAS
1057:4 July
1027:19 May
968:
926:
778:Lexico
618:lander
584:M.P.C.
567:(1902)
561:(1872)
555:(1868)
547:Awards
474:comets
361:canali
111:Fields
1286:PASP
1134:Vogue
586:15090
490:Venus
307:Milan
303:Brera
297:near
291:Encke
249:skee-
218:also
205:-ee,
134:HFRSE
87:Italy
83:Milan
1268:ApJ
1211:and
1146:2014
1116:2013
1085:2016
1059:2016
1029:2021
966:ISBN
924:ISBN
893:2016
843:2019
815:2019
759:2009
664:link
507:and
488:and
352:seas
348:Mars
341:Mars
325:Mars
319:Mars
269:and
207:SHAP
199:SKAP
72:Died
43:Born
1258:185
1256:AN
1233:at
958:doi
916:doi
503:of
448:MPC
251:AHP
203:REL
201:-ə-
1301::
1288:22
1279:71
1270:32
1172:.
1132:.
1106:.
1102:.
1049:.
1045:.
1019:.
1015:.
991:98
989:.
964:.
938:^
922:.
910:.
879:.
862:,
851:^
831:.
803:.
792:^
782:.
775:.
660:}}
656:{{
637:.
613:'
588:).
519:.
388:.
321:.
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