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maturing 10 days earlier than its competitors - a factor of great importance in the
Canadian wheat belt. The Indian Head Experimental Farm in Saskatchewan raised 'Marquis' wheat for seed, and by 1909 its use was widespread. By 1920, 90% of the wheat grown in western Canada was 'Marquis'. However, 'Marquis' was not resistant to
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Saunders turned enthusiastically to his new tasks. Following up his brother's research, he completed development of 'Marquis' wheat in 1904, a cultivar which showed marked superiority in milling quality for bread flour over other varieties popular in western Canada. 'Marquis' had the advantage of
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In 1903, William
Saunders, Charles' father, appointed him Experimentalist at the Experimental Farm in Ottawa in 1903, a title that became Cerealist in 1905 and Dominion Cerealist in 1910. The new work continued family tradition, for Saunders's father had founded the system of experimental farms
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Saunders learned most of what he knew about plant hybridization at home through his family. Some of his earliest memories are of driving with his father to a fruit farm outside the city limits, where he would help him hybridize grapes, currants,
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from
Ontario, Saunders crossed it with 'Hard Red Calcutta'. The new cultivar 'Markham' showed great promise, but its offspring were not uniform. After many trials at the Agassiz experimental farm, a winner emerged - 'Marquis'.
431:, a collection of Saunders' French essays and poems, was published by Louis Carrier and Cie, Les Editions du Mercure, in Montreal and New York. The work received critical acclaim in the French press, especially in Quebec.
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In the search for a hardy wheat that would mature faster, he made hundreds of crosses, proceeding to test the yields. Tests included one called "chewing", whereby
Saunders identified strains with strong
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The only drawback of 'Marquis' was its susceptibility to rust. Not until 1947 was a rust-resistant variety developed at the
Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa. It was named 'Saunders'.
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In 1911, 'Marquis' won the
Canadian Pacific Railway Prize of $ 1,000.00 for the best bushel of hard spring wheat grown in North America. This was the first of many prizes.
263:, on February 2, 1867, son of William and Sarah Agnes Robinson Saunders. He received his early education in the elementary and collegiate system in London. He received a
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He wrote extensively on the subject and many of his thoughts on cereals were presented to scientific conferences and societies and printed in scientific magazines.
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by chewing a few sample kernels. "I made more wheat into gum than was made by all the boys in any dozen rural schools of a generation ago."
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In recognition of his work in the French language he was decorated by the French government and was presented with the
Medaille de l'
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Using a technique he devised himself, Saunders ground his own flour and baked his own bread in small loaves to measure volume.
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in London, Ontario is named for him and other members of his prominent family, including his father, agriculturist
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established in Canada, and his brother, Percy, had done considerable work in cross-breeding strains of wheat.
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Saunders died in
Toronto on July 25, 1937. Tributes to him came from around the world. In The London
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In 1922, after suffering a physical breakdown, Saunders resigned his position and moved to
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Morrison, Malcolm J (June 2008). "Sir
Charles Edward Saunders, Dominion Cerealist".
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in 1888. From 1888 to 1893, he specialized in chemistry at summer school at
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From 1892 to 1893, Saunders was the professor of chemistry and geology at
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William
Saunders and His Five Sons: The Story of the Marquis Wheat Family
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By 1920, 90% of the wheat crop in western Canada was 'Marquis'.
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The Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame: The Hall
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gave power. Saunders gave abundance. Great lives, these!
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He added more wealth to his country than any other man.
224:(February 2, 1867 – July 25, 1937) was a Canadian
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Saunders married Mary Blackwell of Toronto in 1892.
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361:In 1906, surplus 'Marquis' seed was shipped to
542:"William Saunders | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
516:Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame
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503:in 1934 for his contribution to agriculture.
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463:In 1921, Saunders was made a Fellow of The
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80:Learn how and when to remove this message
43:This article includes a list of general
635:, Canada Science and Technology Museum.
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694:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
649:Canadian Government summary biography
382:Saunders also applied his methods to
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485:In 1925, he was awarded an Honorary
470:In 1921, he was awarded an Honorary
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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679:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
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704:Johns Hopkins University alumni
489:from the University of Toronto.
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540:Anstey, T. H. (May 15, 2008).
412:From 1922 to 1925, he studied
283:. He studied at the Sorbonne.
19:For the British Olympian, see
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480:University of Western Ontario
228:. He was the inventor of the
719:University of Toronto alumni
699:Harvard Summer School alumni
216:Sir Charles Edward Saunders
98:Sir Charles Edward Saunders
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714:University of Paris alumni
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689:Canadian Knights Bachelor
546:The Canadian Encyclopedia
363:Indian Head, Saskatchewan
275:. In 1891, he received a
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281:Johns Hopkins University
251:Early life and education
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21:Charles Saunders (rower)
465:Royal Society of Canada
243:and naturalist brother
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514:He is a member of the
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267:in chemistry from the
245:William Edwin Saunders
445:, his obituary read:
269:University of Toronto
255:Saunders was born in
631:May 5, 2017, at the
684:Canadian biologists
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499:He was knighted by
390:, peas, beans, and
279:for chemistry from
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508:Académie française
308:Central University
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487:Doctor of Science
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289:raspberries
261:Canada West
160:Nationality
131:Canada West
62:introducing
663:Categories
522:References
401:Retirement
355:David Fife
226:agronomist
119:1867-02-02
70:March 2010
45:references
586:: 465–9.
427:In 1928,
375:1920–1922
333:stem rust
322:1903–1920
629:Archived
600:18521125
550:Archived
418:Sorbonne
351:Red Fife
316:The Week
312:Kentucky
233:cultivar
204:agronomy
164:Canadian
651:at the
478:by the
476:Letters
458:Honours
451:Marconi
416:at the
302:Careers
153:Ontario
149:Toronto
58:improve
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584:Canada
575:Genome
384:barley
341:gluten
291:, and
257:London
200:Fields
187:(1925)
180:Awards
127:London
47:, but
582:(6).
435:Death
407:Paris
596:PMID
558:2022
474:and
392:flax
388:oats
277:Ph.D
221:FRSC
138:Died
113:Born
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310:in
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