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wrote that this therapy could not have possibly worked because, unlike the thyroid gland, the testes do not store the hormones they produce and, therefore, obtaining a therapeutic dose of testosterone directly from animal glands "would require about one-quarter ton of bull's testes." It was later
393:
in response to environmental stimuli. His experiments are now considered anomalous; alternative explanations for his observations have been suggested. One proposed explanation was that the experiment showed a disease being induced in the parent and transmitted to the offspring.
260:
Brown-Séquard was quite a controversial and eccentric figure, and is also known for claiming, at age 72, rejuvenated sexual prowess after subcutaneous injection of extracts of animal testis. Thousands of men tried the therapy. The endocrinologist
309:
with the description of a syndrome which bears his name (Brown-Séquard syndrome) due to the hemisection of the spinal cord, which he described after observing accidental injury of the spinal cord in farmers cutting sugar cane in
Mauritius.
956:"Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard. Une vie mouvementée et une contribution importante à l'étude du système nerveux (Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard. An eventful life and a significant contribution to the study of the nervous system)"
546:"Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard. Une vie mouvementée et une contribution importante à l'étude du système nerveux (Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard. An eventful life and a significant contribution to the study of the nervous system)"
230:. He relinquished this position in 1867, and in 1869 became professor at the École de Médecine in Paris, but in 1873 he again returned to America and began to practice in New York City. While in New York, his daughter,
186:
in
Mauritius, and graduated in medicine at Paris in 1846. He then returned to Mauritius with the intention of practising there, but in 1852 he went to the United States. There he was appointed to the faculty of the
385:. The offspring of the animals operated on were frequently decrepit, and a certain number showed a tendency to the so-called epilepsy. Some scientists considered these observations evidence for
345:. A Vienna medical publication quipped dismissively: "The lecture must be seen as further proof of the necessity of retiring professors who have attained their threescore and ten years."
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confirmed experimentally that his method did not yield active amounts of testosterone. The positive response by many men is now thought to have been a
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in numerous lectures which attracted considerable attention. In 1864 he again crossed the
Atlantic, and was appointed professor of physiology and
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Rengachary, Setti S.; Colen, Chaim; Guthikonda, Murali (April 2008). "Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard: An
Eccentric Genius".
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389:. However, Lamarck himself had rejected the inheritance of characteristics acquired by means other than their exercise or
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1141:
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254:
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317:, secreted into the bloodstream to affect distant organs. In particular, he demonstrated (in 1856) that removal of the
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Borell M. (1976). "Brown-Séquard's organotherapy and its appearance in
America at the end of the nineteenth century".
188:
151:
611:"Note on the effects produced on man by subcutaneous injections of a liquid obtained from the testicles of animals"
262:
305:
of the fibres carrying pain and temperature sensation occurs in the cord itself. His name was immortalised in the
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95:
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Brown-Séquard was a keen observer and experimentalist. He contributed largely to our knowledge of the blood and
231:
43:
678:
425:
350:
827:
Aminoff, Michael J. (2000). "Brown-Séquard: Selected
Contributions of a Nineteenth-Century Neuroscientist".
278:
879:"The effects produced on man by subcutaneous injection of a liquid obtained from the testicles of animals"
366:
313:
Far more important is that he was one of the first to postulate the existence of substances, now known as
250:
183:
83:
1098:"Regaining Lost Youth: The Controversial and Colorful Beginnings of Hormone Replacement Therapy in Aging"
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242:
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C.-É. Brown-Séquard: De la transmission croisée des impressions sensitives par la moelle épinière.
355:
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In 1886 Brown-Séquard was elected to the Board of the Sugar Club. He also was a member of the
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In the late 19th century Brown-Séquard gave rise to much controversy in the area of supposed
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893:
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679:"Brown-Séquard revisited: a lesson from history on the placebo effect of androgen treatment"
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17:
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Cussons, Andrea J; Walsh, John P; Bhagat, Chotoo I; Fletcher, Stephen J (9 December 2002).
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Brown-Séquard's research, published in about 500 essays and papers, especially in the
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resulted in death, due to lack of essential hormones. At age 72, at a meeting of the
271:
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424:
989:
Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard. A Nineteenth
Century Neurologist and Endocrinologist
373:
extending from 1869 to 1891, Brown-Séquard observed that a partial severing of the
210:
He returned to Paris, and in 1859 he migrated to London, becoming physician to the
155:
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The
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
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931:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 674.
390:
381:, was followed after a few weeks by a peculiar morbid state resembling
362:, cover a very wide range of physiological and pathological subjects.
214:. There he stayed for about five years, expounding his views on the
497:"Brown-Séquard's description of spontaneous cerebellar haemorrhage"
249:, and he remained there until his death, which occurred in 1894 at
1074:. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons Inc. pp. 151–152.
912:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
664:
Search The
Scriptures: A Physician Examines Medicine in the Bible
341:
human life. It was known, among scientists, derisively, as the
297:. He was the first scientist to work out the physiology of the
761:
Main
Currents of Scientific Thought: A History of the Sciences
182:, to an American father and a French mother. He attended the
162:
who, in 1850, became the first to describe what is now called
785:
Brown-Séquard: An improbable genius who transformed medicine
369:
of acquired characteristics. In a series of experiments on
270:, but apparently this was "sufficient to set the field of
293:, as well as many facts of the highest importance on the
809:
Henry Richardson Linville; Henry Augustus Kelly (1906).
584:"Brown-Sequard, Charles Edouard (1817–1894) and Family"
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The Spirit of System: Lamarck and Evolutionary Biology
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where he conducted experiments in the basement of the
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Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard: A bicentennial tribute
1133:- Biographical information and selected publications
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108:
91:
72:
50:
34:
212:National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic
1148:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
748:. New York: E. P. Dutton and Co. pp. 84–85.
647:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
629:. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022
609:Brown-Séquard, Charles-Édouard (20 July 1889).
354:, which he helped to found in 1868 along with
154:(8 April 1817 – 2 April 1894) was a Mauritian
666:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott. p. 55.
423:Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.).
8:
991:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
1035:"Charles Edouard Brown-Séquard (1817-1894)"
438:. Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
237:Finally, he went back to Paris to succeed
42:
31:
1203:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
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520:
253:, France. He was buried in Paris at the
771:. Harvard University Press. p. 166.
457:
411:Comptes rendus de la Société de biologie
1183:Academic staff of the Collège de France
949:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijmu.v12i1.1
402:
734:, pp. 199–200, John C.M. Brust (2000).
640:
325:in Paris, Brown-Séquard reported that
27:Mauritian physiologist and neurologist
1033:Ruch, Theodore C. Ruch (March 1946).
426:"Brown-Séquard, Charles Edward"
7:
1142:Documents relating to Brown-Séquard
337:and dogs leads to rejuvenation and
1010:10.1227/01.neu.0000318182.87664.1f
813:. Ginn & Company. p. 108.
695:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb05014.x
198:He was elected as a member of the
25:
765:Also see Lamarck's Laws cited in
1228:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
1218:Virginia Commonwealth University
905:
501:J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
377:, or a complete severing of the
137:Virginia Commonwealth University
763:. Abelard-Schuman. p. 343.
1137:New York Times obituary (1894)
662:Greenblatt, Robert B. (1963).
200:American Philosophical Society
1:
1131:Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
923:Brown-Séquard, Charles Edward
898:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)64118-1
759:Stephen Finney Mason (1956).
744:Osborn Segerberg Jr. (1974).
627:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)64118-1
329:of a fluid prepared from the
149:Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
36:Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
1223:Fellows of the Royal Society
877:Brown-Séquard C. E. (1889).
811:Text Book of General Zoology
732:The Practice of Neuroscience
683:Medical Journal of Australia
433:American Medical Biographies
18:Charles Edward Brown-Sequard
1144:in the Queen Square Archive
782:Michael J. Aminoff (2011).
189:Medical College of Virginia
1249:
1188:Harvard University faculty
987:Olmsted, J. M. D. (1946).
972:10.1016/j.crvi.2006.03.007
841:10.1177/107385840000600114
767:Richard Burkhardt (1995).
562:10.1016/j.crvi.2006.03.007
174:Brown-Séquard was born at
301:, demonstrating that the
255:Cimetière du Montparnasse
142:
101:
41:
1233:British Mauritius people
1068:Sneader, Walter (2005).
960:Comptes Rendus Biologies
550:Comptes Rendus Biologies
413:, (1850) 1851, 2: 33–44.
241:in 1878 as professor of
1193:History of neuroscience
1163:British neuroscientists
1115:10.1093/gerona/60.2.142
935:Dawka, Sushil. (2017) "
928:Encyclopædia Britannica
351:Archives de Physiologie
279:Royal Society of London
788:. O.U.P. p. 192.
746:The Immortality Factor
387:Lamarckian inheritance
164:Brown-Séquard syndrome
96:Brown-Séquard syndrome
1096:Kahn, Arnold (2005).
513:10.1136/jnnp.51.5.634
243:experimental medicine
1178:French physiologists
1168:British neurologists
954:Laporte, Y. (2006).
544:Laporte, Y. (2006).
475:search.amphilsoc.org
471:"APS Member History"
343:Brown-Séquard Elixir
327:hypodermic injection
263:Robert B. Greenblatt
1173:French neurologists
356:Jean-Martin Charcot
323:Societé de Biologie
307:history of medicine
829:The Neuroscientist
274:off and running."
1081:978-1-85070-427-0
1039:Yale J. Biol. Med
892:(3438): 105–107.
621:(3438): 105–107.
247:Collège de France
193:Egyptian Building
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103:Scientific career
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133:Institutions
102:
78:(1894-04-02)
76:2 April 1894
61:8 April 1817
29:
1213:1894 deaths
1208:1817 births
375:spinal cord
371:guinea pigs
367:inheritance
335:guinea pigs
303:decussation
299:spinal cord
291:animal heat
160:neurologist
67:, Mauritius
1198:Lamarckism
1157:Categories
947:(1): 1–3.
633:10 January
615:The Lancet
507:(5): 634.
398:References
234:was born.
206:Later life
176:Port Louis
170:Early life
119:Physiology
65:Port Louis
57:1817-04-08
849:144271357
703:0025-729X
339:prolonged
331:testicles
216:pathology
202:in 1854.
180:Mauritius
124:Neurology
1124:15814854
1061:21434249
1026:28337775
1018:18496202
980:16731494
719:24745225
711:12463999
570:16731494
480:19 April
383:epilepsy
315:hormones
115:Medicine
86:, France
1052:2601899
916::
531:3042914
522:1033067
391:atrophy
245:in the
228:Harvard
218:of the
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251:Sceaux
109:Fields
84:Sceaux
1022:S2CID
882:(PDF)
845:S2CID
715:S2CID
285:Works
1120:PMID
1076:ISBN
1057:PMID
1014:PMID
976:PMID
866:PMID
790:ISBN
707:PMID
699:ISSN
649:link
635:2023
596:2009
566:PMID
527:PMID
482:2021
358:and
158:and
73:Died
51:Born
1110:doi
1047:PMC
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968:doi
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925:".
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460:.
59:)
55:(
20:)
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