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431:(1907). The action plays out in the planar world of two-dimensional Astria with the primary characters partaking in various adventures, scientific and romantic. Ultimately, some Astrians come to accept and comprehend the reality and fullness of three-dimensions in a world beyond their immediate comprehension. The book consists of a
406:
as having similar design but different intent. Abbott used the stories as "a setting wherein to place his satire and his lessons. But we wish in the first place to know the physical facts." Hinton's world existed along the perimeter of a circle rather than on an infinite flat plane. He extended the
350:
Hinton argues that gaining an intuitive perception of higher space required that we rid ourselves of the ideas of right and left, up and down, that inheres in our position as observers in a three-dimensional world. Hinton calls the process "casting out the self", equates it with the process of
291:
for the
Princeton baseball team's batting practice. The machine was versatile, capable of variable speeds with an adjustable breech size, and firing curve balls by the use of two rubber-coated steel fingers at the muzzle of the pitcher. He successfully introduced the machine to the
462:
readers including such diverse groups as religious thinkers and believers, experimental scientists, artists, stodgy academics, engineers, politicians, and others of various persuasions and agendas. Recognizing the existence of, and even reaching, a higher
342:", Hinton suggested that points moving around in three dimensions might be imagined as successive cross-sections of a static four-dimensional arrangement of lines passing through a three-dimensional plane, an idea that anticipated the notion of
33:
400:, including "What is the Fourth Dimension?" and "A Plane World", were published as a series of nine pamphlets by Swan Sonnenschein & Co. during 1884–1886. In the introduction to "A Plane World", Hinton referred to Abbott's recent
483:
as a means to perceive higher dimensions spawned a long lineage of science fiction, fantasy, and spiritual works that similarly refer to the tesseract as a way to understand—or even access—higher dimensions, including
391:(from the Greek for "up toward") to describe the additional two opposing fourth-dimensional directions (an additional 4th axis of motion analogous to left-right (x), up-down (y), and forwards-backwards (z)).
272:
was a radical advocate of polygamous relationships, and according to
Charles' mother James had once remarked to her: "Christ was the saviour of Men but I am the saviour of Women and I don't envy him a bit."
276:
In 1887, Charles moved with Mary Ellen to Japan to work in a mission before accepting a job as headmaster of the
Victoria Public School. In 1893, he sailed to the United States on the SS
264:
In 1883, he went through a marriage ceremony with Maud
Florence Weldon, by whom he had had twin children, under the assumed identity of John Weldon. He was subsequently convicted of
606:
is actually titled "An
Unfinished Communication" and is part of the second series of "Scientific Romances". The Unlearner is a character in this story, which might explain why
471:(with the obligatory séances) was running rampant, it was important to point the way toward a higher realm of existence in both intellectual and genuinely spiritual terms.
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Hinton's work combines various literary and scientific features, with the author intent on popularizing the idea of higher dimensions among educated
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634:; his theories regarding the fourth dimension form the basis of the book's final chapter. His father, James Hinton, appears in chapters 4 and 10.
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621:("A Forgotten Genius (The Life and Time of Charles Howard Hinton)"). The play premiered in Madrid during May 2015, and was published in May 2017.
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made its public debut in 1907, even receiving a paragraph review (though not particularly flattering) in the
British scientific journal
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737:
712:
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1184:"An Episode of Flatland or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension, to which is bound up An Outline of the History of Unæa"
334:, illustrating the tesseract, the four-dimensional analog of the cube. Hinton's spelling varied: also known, as here, "tessaract".
423:
An
Episode of Flatland or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension, to which is bound up An Outline of the History of Unæa
245:, the founder of mathematical logic. The couple had four children: George (1882–1943), Eric (born 1884), William (1886–1909) and
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to be less unsatisfactory, perhaps. The first volume documents the diverse eternities that mankind has invented, from
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was not simply part and parcel to a strictly mathematical game; for
Charles H. Hinton (1907), during an era when
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After Hinton's sudden death his wife, Mary Ellen, committed suicide, also in
Washington, D.C., in May 1908.
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591:'s thinking. Many of ideas Ouspensky presents in "Tertium Organum" mention Hinton's works.
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447:(referred to in the title) composed of twenty short chapters. Overall, it is longer than
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sympathizing with another person, and implies the two processes are mutually reinforcing.
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orig 1907, Swan
Sonnenschein & Co. Limd., uncut illustrated HTML version online at
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Illustrated cultural history, with links to primary sources and secondary literature.
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Borges, Jorge Luis. The Secret Miracle. In: Fictions. Penguin Books, 2000, p. 126
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At the end of his life, Hinton worked as an examiner of chemical patents for the
207:. Charles Hinton was born in England. His siblings included the costume designer
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191:" and for his work on methods of visualising the geometry of higher dimensions.
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Speculations on the Fourth Dimension: Selected Writings of Charles H. Hinton
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188:
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748:, "The Recognition of the Fourth Dimension" from the 1902 Bulletin of the
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An Episode of Flatland or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension…
409:
An Episode of Flatland: Or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension
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An Episode of Flatland or How a Plane Folk Discovered the Third Dimension
701:, orig. 1888, reprinted 1900, by Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd., London
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and spent three days in prison, losing his job at Uppingham. His father
555:'s pantheon of writers. Hinton is mentioned in Borges' short stories "
227:
222:, where he obtained his B.A. in 1877. From 1880 to 1886, he taught at
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Several of these references are cited in the introduction to the book
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265:
56:
1322:
579:' static Being to Hinton's modifiable past; the second denies (with
234:'s, also taught. Hinton also received his M.A. from Oxford in 1886.
583:) that all the events of the universe constitute a temporal series.
1231:
Other Worlds: Spirituality and the Search for Invisible Dimensions
1117:"The four-dimensional life of mathematician Charles Howard Hinton"
325:
1346:
171:(1853 – 30 April 1907) was a British mathematician and writer of
455:(1884); Hinton's narrative contains approximately 53,720 words.
647:. The first mention mistakenly names his father, James Hinton.
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Un genio olvidado (Un rato en la vida de Charles Howard Hinton)
359:
to describe elements in the fourth dimension. According to the
360:
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Hinton's "scientific romance", the "Unlearner", is cited by
657:
Hinton, Charles Howard; Webb, James, introduction (1976) .
346:. Hinton's explorations of higher space had a moral basis:
707:, orig. 1904, 1912 by Ayer Co., Kessinger Press reprint,
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Moral Authority, Men of Science, and the Victorian Novel
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Hinton was one of the many thinkers who circulated in
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In 1880, Hinton married Mary Ellen Boole, daughter of
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The Yearbook of the Minneapolis Society of Engineers
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330:Frontispiece to Charles Howard Hinton's 1904 book
287:In 1897, he designed a gunpowder-powered baseball
878:British Society for the History of Mathematics
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1016:Hinton, Charles, "The Motion of a Baseball",
981:A cultural history of higher space, 1853-1907
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960:. University of Chicago Press. p. 266.
681:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
659:Scientific Romances: First and Second Series
16:British mathematician and author (1853–1907)
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20:
1001:Hinton, Charles, "A Mechanical Pitcher",
1357:Digitized works by Charles Howard Hinton
310:. At age 54, he died unexpectedly of a
1353:, with 15 library catalogue records
1314:Works by or about Charles Howard Hinton
992:Havelock Ellis papers, British Library.
824:
1211:. Nature Publishing Group. p. 246
908:. Cambridge University Press. p.
865:Cheltenham College Register, 1841–1889
719:, scanned version available online at
674:
1342:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
1206:"Review of An Episode of Flatland..."
832:Broadbent, Lizzie (21 January 2021).
624:Hinton is mentioned several times in
439:, a post-introductory section titled
7:
1046:Speculations on the Fourth Dimension
602:, chapter 3. The story described by
230:, where Howard Candler, a friend of
187:. He is known for coining the word "
1421:People educated at Uppingham School
1396:20th-century British mathematicians
1386:19th-century British mathematicians
905:The Life and Legacy of G. I. Taylor
750:Philosophical Society of Washington
1406:British people convicted of bigamy
1062:My Right To Die', Woman Kills Self
1007:, 20 March 1897, p. 301–302.
14:
1401:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
844:from the original on 2 March 2021
610:confused the title of the story.
407:connection to Abbott's work with
284:as an instructor in mathematics.
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1309:Hinton's writings at ibiblio.org
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613:Hinton is the main character in
525:"—And He Built a Crooked House—"
203:, was a surgeon and advocate of
1411:British science fiction writers
1258:"Notes on the Fourth Dimension"
127:
107:
1391:19th-century British novelists
1323:Works by Charles Howard Hinton
1299:Works by Charles Howard Hinton
1290:Works by Charles Howard Hinton
1256:Crabb, Jon (28 October 2015).
1:
1229:White, Christopher G., 2018.
769:What is the Fourth Dimension?
563:" and "El milagro secreto" ("
340:What is the Fourth Dimension?
338:In an 1880 article entitled "
249:(1887–1923) (inventor of the
38:
1020:, May, 1908, p. 18–28.
958:Victorian science in context
956:Bernard V. Lightman (1997).
834:"Ada Nettleship (1856-1932)"
732:, 1980, Dover Publications,
1329:(public domain audiobooks)
1233:. Harvard University Press.
308:United States Patent Office
1442:
1121:BBC Science Focus Magazine
1098:Cambridge University Press
1074:Mrs. Mary Hinton A Suicide
1048:, edited by Rudolf Rucker.
740:(includes selections from
557:Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius
637:He is mentioned twice in
573:A Vindication of Eternity
479:Hinton's advocacy of the
363:, he first used the word
30:
1263:The Public Domain Review
1029:"Scientist Drops Dead",
838:Women Who Meant Business
498:A Primer of Higher Space
355:Hinton created several
294:University of Minnesota
220:Balliol College, Oxford
179:. He was interested in
68:30 April 1907 (aged 54)
1361:Toronto Public Library
1204:J. P. (11 July 1907).
754:An Episode of Flatland
585:
515:The Shadow Out of Time
506:Victim of Higher Space
353:
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298:U.S. Naval Observatory
1347:Charles Howard Hinton
1338:Charles Howard Hinton
868:. London: Bell. 1890.
561:There Are More Things
441:The History of Astria
387:for "down from") and
348:
329:
280:to take up a post at
169:Charles Howard Hinton
25:Charles Howard Hinton
1416:British Theosophists
1163:. Dover Publications
1092:Anne De Witt (2013)
1066:The Washington Times
752:, and excerpts from
746:The Fourth Dimension
721:the Internet Archive
705:The Fourth Dimension
698:A New Era of Thought
372:A New Era of Thought
369:in 1888 in his book
332:The Fourth Dimension
314:on 30 April 1907 in
282:Princeton University
218:while he studied at
1351:Library of Congress
1182:Charles H. Hinton.
1159:Hinton, Charles H.
1032:The Washington Post
939:, 27 February 1909.
933:Smothers in Orchard
886:16 May 2011 at the
742:Scientific Romances
397:Scientific romances
312:cerebral hemorrhage
232:Edwin Abbott Abbott
183:, particularly the
177:Scientific Romances
1078:The New York Times
813:Alicia Boole Stott
798:Hinton's honeycomb
587:Hinton influenced
565:The Secret Miracle
502:Algernon Blackwood
486:Charles Leadbeater
377:Alicia Boole Stott
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239:Mary Everest Boole
216:Cheltenham College
84:Cheltenham College
1294:Project Gutenberg
1143:"Spaceland Notes"
937:Los Angeles Times
900:Batchelor, George
803:Hinton's polytope
764:Forgotten Futures
717:Project Gutenberg
628:'s graphic novel
600:Art as Experience
553:Jorge Luis Borges
540:Christopher Nolan
535:A Wrinkle in Time
530:Madeleine L'Engle
214:Hinton taught at
199:Hinton's father,
181:higher dimensions
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1381:1907 deaths
1376:1853 births
1215:18 November
1189:16 November
451:'s novella
344:world lines
259:Joan Hinton
120:Maud Weldon
42: 1890
1370:Categories
1303:Faded Page
1105:1107036178
808:Spissitude
626:Alan Moore
608:John Dewey
604:John Dewey
596:John Dewey
577:Parmenides
571:He judged
443:, and the
383:(from the
251:jungle gym
880:Gazetteer
677:cite book
644:Moonchild
641:'s novel
631:From Hell
481:tesseract
475:Influence
465:dimension
460:Edwardian
453:Flatland…
394:Hinton's
366:tesseract
357:new words
247:Sebastian
189:tesseract
157:Relatives
59:, England
1327:LibriVox
1305:(Canada)
1126:13 March
902:(1994).
884:Archived
848:13 March
842:Archived
776:See also
617:'s play
548:(2014).
542:'s film
528:(1941),
518:(1935),
508:(1914),
500:(1913),
492:(1899),
411:(1907).
403:Flatland
205:polygamy
139:Children
37:Hinton,
1340:at the
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1167:2 April
445:Episode
433:Preface
255:William
228:Rutland
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266:bigamy
147:Father
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819:Notes
715:, at
651:Works
385:Greek
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1101:ISBN
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