589:
after his ascension to the ducal throne, but he had no sympathies for
Austria even though he was closely related to the Habsburgs and owed his throne to the Austrian intervention. Charles III, in spite of his personal charms, was not loved by his subjects. The nobility treated him warily while the bourgeoisie was as contemptuous of him as he was of them. He got on best with the popular classes. He was very fond of the ballet, and he was well liked by dancers, soldiers, peasants and ordinary citizens. Though conscious at all time of his rank—he used his walking stick on anyone who he deemed disrespectful towards him—he was simple in his manners, very approachable and he had great personal charm. However, his arbitrary decisions destroyed the respect that his subjects had for him and his dynasty and he became unpopular. By 1853 there were rumors of plots to remove him from power.
364:
very pious and turned increasingly towards religion. From his teens, Ferdinando saw little of her. Maria-Theresa retired completely from the court of Lucca, living in permanent seclusion, first in Villa di
Marilia and later to her villa at Pianore, where surrounded by priest and nuns, she dedicated her life to religion. Ferdinando had more in common with his father: a skill for languages, a passion for travel, a coarse sense of humor and a restless nature. However, Charles Louis was a hedonistic man who could not have his son as company very often or for very long. As a consequence, Ferdinando grew up restless and very spoiled. His teachers could control neither his rebellious nature nor his unbridled irresponsibility.
626:, he stopped for a moment to ask about the identity of a pretty girl whom he had just seen in an upper window across the street. He was making the inquiry and saluting two soldiers, who walked by him, when he was attacked from behind by two men who were trailing him. One of them knocked the Duke violently and stabbed him deep in the stomach with a triangular blade. Everything happened so fast that Charles initially did not realize what had just transpired and seconds later gasping he said, "My God, I'm done for. They have stabbed me". In the confusion, the two assailants escaped running in opposite directions and mixing with the crowd.
484:, the little Duke, a reference to both his stature and his status as his father's heir. Although he was tall, he was slight built. His hair was thick and dark and he had big prominent eyes. A large nose, a long neck and a receding chin completed his face. He had a trimmed, finely proportioned figure, of which he was very proud. He was a dandy who dress smartly and was very fastidious about his clothing. Ferdinando Carlo travelled a great deal. Outside Italy he often used the title
411:. Ferdinando Carlo, who was twenty-two years old at the time, was initially reluctant to marry her. She was four years older than him; she was his close relative; and he disliked the ideology of her entourage, the legitimist party. He would have rather waited three more years to marry, finding then a bride more of his liking. However, as his father threatened to cut his privy purse, leaving him completely destitute, Ferdinando ended up agreeing with the idea.
31:
570:
1943:
630:
lied assuring him that it was not and he passed out. In moments of lucidity, the Duke, realizing the seriousness of his condition repeated: "I am preparing myself for a long journey". The Duke received the last rites and was able to see his wife and their children for a last time. After atrocious suffering, which he endured bravely, he died the following evening, 27 March at 5:30 p.m. He was thirty-one years old.
423:, some 30 miles outside of Vienna. Their honeymoon took them to castle Urschendorff in Austria, and afterwards to England, a country where Ferdinand Carlo felt most at ease. The couple's married life was happy for some years. Their first child was born thirteen months after the wedding and three more children followed in quick succession:
629:
The wounded Duke fell on the ground in a pool of blood with the blade still in his stomach. He was lifted up, and held by his arms and legs. He was carried back to the palace. He made no complaints as his doctors treated his wound, which was deep. He asked if they thought his life was in danger. They
588:
Although
Charles III was an authoritarian ruler, his reign was less reactionary than those of his cousins in Naples and Tuscany. He was very anticlerical and an opponent of capital punishment. No death sentences were carried out during his five-year reign. He loved England, which he visited once more
363:
Until 1833, when he was ten and the court returned to Lucca, Ferdinando Carlo was under the care of his mother in an austere and religious atmosphere. As an only child, Ferdinando Carlo was much loved by his parents, but they were a mismatched couple of opposite personalities: Ferdinando’s mother was
552:
who met him at this time, described
Ferdinando as "a very droll man, exceedingly amusing and clever—a rattle, a mimic and gamboled in mind and body. He was a great tumbler and skilfully in all tour de force. Walking with the Queen at Windsor, I believed for the first time, he suddenly tumbled before
560:
army entered Parma, and officially restored
Charles II, who was in exile in Saxony. Ferdinando Carlo and his family, however, remained in England, since hostilities continued between the Austrian and Piedmontese armies. For several years Charles II had considered abdicating in favor of Ferdinando
641:
in Parma. The Duke's assailants, Ireneo Bochi and
Antonio Carra, escaped prosecution. Both were briefly arrested, but as they looked very much alike, witnesses were confounded and their testimonies deemed unreliable. Count Bacinetti, the key witness, was not liked by Duchess Louise, who had him
621:
to take a walk on the streets of Parma, as he used to do every afternoon. He was accompanied only by an aide-de-camp, Count
Bacinetti. During his walk, he saw his wife, Duchess Louise, who was sitting in a carriage, listening to an open-air concert in a square of Parma. They waved to each other
592:
His personal life was also in turmoil. He grew apart from his wife, who became exceedingly fat. The
Duchess was a sharp-tongued woman who liked having her way through intrigues and the force of her personality. The rift between husband and wife grew when Charles III openly began an affair with
476:
Louise was described at that time as a pretty blonde, fair complexioned with golden hair and blue eyes, but not very tall. She was reserved, cold, insensitive and lacked charm. Like most legitimists, her political ideas were those of the preceding century. However, for the first years of their
531:
where he remained for several months until the
British government negotiated his release. At this time he was described by a contemporary as "Tall and slim with an open and merry countenance, a light-hearted, light-headed, careless young man". After a brief sojourn on the island of
387:, who had spent a lot of time with him. Victor Emmanuel wrote: " Ferdinando of Lucca left here last summer rather angry with me and he has not let me know his news since. But I wish him every happiness—and also good sense, which however I firmly believe he would never achieve."
360:. When he was four, the responsibility for his education was entrusted to a Hungarian priest, Zsigmond Deáki. He was taught Italian history and language by Lazzaro Papi, Director of the Library of Lucca. He learnt Spanish, French, Hungarian, German and English.
289:
and was educated in Saxony and Vienna. He grew up as a restless young man and traveled extensively while he was the hereditary prince of Lucca. For a time he served in the
Piedmontese army with the rank of captain. In 1845, his father arranged his marriage with
337:). He was given the baptismal names Ferdinando Carlo Vittorio Giuseppe Maria Baldassarre. Until his accession as Duke of Parma in 1849, he was called Ferdinando Carlo or Ferdinando. His family called him Danduccio. At the death of his grandmother,
383:. He received a commission in the Piedmontese army with the rank of captain in the Novara Cavalry. However, after one year of service, he returned home on bad terms with King Charles Albert of Sardinia and even more so with the king's son,
2238:
414:
Ferdinando Carlo and Louise were cousins and they had known each other since they were children in Vienna. Their wedding took place on 10 November 1845 at Schloss Frohsdorff, Chambords's home in exile, near
2243:
2233:
441:
544:
where he was joined by his wife Louise who had just given birth to their first son while in exile in Florence. Then the family sought refuge in England. They settled in a cottage at
504:
died and Ferdinando Carlo's father succeeded as Duke Charles II of Parma. The Duchy of Lucca was incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, and Ferdinando Carlo ceased being
375:. He was well regarded by his soldiers. To regulate his military training, and hoping that the army would improve his character, Ferdinando's father obtained permission from
465:
1380:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
609:
in December 1853, Charles III took his mistress with him, bringing about the final breakdown of his marriage. In mid February 1854, Charles III returned to Parma.
2228:
1245:
2042:
553:
Her Majesty the whole way she walked. She died with laughter and astonishment. He was less like a tyrant than any person I ever met; full of fun and humor".
1789:
395:
In 1845, as the duchy of Lucca was in great financial need, Ferdinando's father decided to marry him to a princess with a large dowry. The bride chosen was
1358:
1029:
469:
451:
195:
2218:
1630:
908:
585:
to secure Austrian support. He did not take over the administration of the duchy until 25 August when he made a solemn entry into Parma as its new Duke.
1681:
298:, his father became the reigning duke of Parma, but abdicated on 24 March 1849. Charles III became the duke of Parma, Piacenza and the Annexed States.
1727:
516:
2028:
642:
expelled from Parma. Bochi and Carra acted not for political reasons, but for financial gain. It was never clarified who paid them to kill the Duke.
1923:
348:
Ferdinando Carlo spent much of the first ten years of his life following his parents in their frequent travels to their castles of Urschendorff and
1533:
1444:
2178:
638:
1620:
2188:
1671:
338:
1748:
1470:
1449:
371:
living as a simple soldier, sharing the life in the barracks, hours in the training grounds and lengthy exercises among the foothills of the
2213:
2208:
2198:
2173:
1234:
427:
185:
445:
305:, inflicted heavy penalties on the members of the late provisional government, closed the university, and instituted a regular policy of
1814:
1625:
1475:
455:
1980:
1712:
1661:
1013:
1008:
2193:
1968:
1950:
1809:
1758:
1717:
1594:
971:
602:
577:
On 24 March 1849 the abdication of Charles II was announced. Ferdinando Carlo, still living in England, succeeded to the title of
1986:
1962:
1840:
1799:
1707:
1676:
1589:
1569:
1034:
955:
2183:
2168:
1579:
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1282:
1251:
1208:
1203:
2118:
2056:
2004:
1992:
1974:
1956:
1794:
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1294:
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1039:
992:
929:
901:
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1413:
1377:
1197:
934:
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2130:
1916:
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1272:
1156:
461:
200:
1753:
1300:
939:
384:
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to admit him in the Piedmontese army. In 1841, at age eighteen, Ferdinando Carlo was sent to the Military School of
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2124:
2112:
2022:
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1408:
1344:
1324:
1229:
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1087:
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520:
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45:
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1418:
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894:
861:
396:
326:
291:
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150:
63:
1835:
1804:
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404:
133:
1656:
2088:
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1454:
1151:
878:
437:
190:
73:
2248:
1615:
868:
824:
431:
239:
2100:
2016:
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1177:
330:
259:
2163:
2158:
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1998:
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In his adolescence, Ferdinando Carlo developed an interest in military life. He entered the army in
1574:
1480:
1423:
581:
taking the name Charles III. On 18 May 1849 he re-entered Parma, but left again two days later for
408:
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Carlo, but he delayed it in the hope that when he did so things would be more secure for his son.
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1392:
1103:
757:
Carlo III of Bourbon, Duke of Parma and Emma Guadagni – The Guadagni Family Historical Archives.
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policies made him unpopular. After reigning only five years, he was assassinated in March 1854.
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politely. At 5:45 the Duke was returning to his palace; while he was passing by the church of
177:
758:
1942:
1528:
832:
271:
219:
30:
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La danza delle ombre: Carlo III di Borbone Parma, un regicidio nell'Italia del Risorgimento
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Countess Emma Guadagni (1829–1866), a sister-in-law of the Austrian general governor of
121:
101:
2152:
2010:
1932:
1830:
416:
310:
301:
Charles III owed his throne to the support of Austrian troops. He placed Parma under
279:
294:, a wealthy heiress who gave him four children. In December 1847, at the death of
1702:
400:
306:
302:
1856:
634:
372:
137:
407:. She was the daughter of the Duke of Berry and the granddaughter of King
598:
549:
545:
789:
L'ultimo duca di Parma: potere, amministrazione e società dell'Ottocento
1367:
557:
541:
524:
420:
353:
234:
594:
582:
537:
357:
1336:
886:
568:
533:
528:
380:
368:
322:
117:
97:
1901:
515:
Charles II only reigned for a few months in Parma. In March 1848
329:, (later Duke of Lucca, and Duke of Parma) and his wife Princess
1905:
1340:
890:
2239:
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
810:
Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
633:
Charles's body was buried in the Cappella della Macchia near
1941:
746:
Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
705:
Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
673:
Assassination in Parma: The Life and Death of Duke Carlo III
617:
On Sunday 26 March 1854, around 4:00 p.m, Charles left the
523:. Ferdinando Carlo escaped from Parma, but was arrested in
444:
on 5 April 1869. They had twelve children. He remarried
480:
Until he became duke of Parma, Ferdinando was known as
2244:
Burials at the Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata
2234:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
1891:
consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
637:. His heart was placed in an urn in the crypt of the
321:
Charles III was born at the Villa delle Pianore near
454:( 27 December 1849 – 16 November 1935): she married
1865:
1849:
1823:
1782:
1741:
1695:
1644:
1608:
1562:
1521:
1505:
1489:
1463:
1432:
1401:
1385:
1265:
1217:
1165:
1144:
1128:
1112:
1096:
1080:
1064:
1048:
1022:
1001:
985:
964:
948:
922:
601:in February 1852, while Charles III was a guest of
255:
245:
233:
224:
Ferdinando Carlo Giuseppe Maria Vittorio Baldassare
213:
176:
144:
127:
107:
83:
79:
69:
59:
51:
44:
23:
466:Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
430:(1 January 1847 – 29 January 1893): she married
579:Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and the Annexed States
276:Carlo III di Borbone, Duca di Parma e Piacenza
1917:
1352:
902:
477:married life, Ferdinando was happy with her.
448:on 15 October 1884. They had twelve children.
440:(9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907): he married
434:, on 4 February 1867. They had five children.
8:
458:, on 11 January 1868. They had ten children.
16:Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1849 to 1854
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
278:; 14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854) was the
2086:Held in pretence, no implied sovereignty:
1924:
1910:
1902:
1359:
1345:
1337:
909:
895:
887:
815:
442:Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
341:, on 13 March 1824, Ferdinando became the
29:
20:
1728:Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
1631:Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal
784:. Lucca: Istituto storico lucchese, 2001.
1672:Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain
166:
651:
639:Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata
403:pretender to the throne of France, the
1749:Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
1682:Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal
1376:The generations indicate descent from
339:Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca
210:
2229:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
1235:Prince Sixtus Henry, Duke of Aranjuez
519:broke out in Parma supported by King
7:
1652:Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier
605:. In a semi-official visit to Queen
399:(1819–1864), the only sister of the
325:on 14 January 1823, the only son of
1657:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
1476:Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias
1471:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias
1198:Felix, Prince Consort of Luxembourg
1030:Odoardo, Hereditary Prince of Parma
488:; in Italy he often used the title
468:on 25 November 1873. He remarried
456:Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
186:Infanta Margaret, Duchess of Madrid
428:Princess Margaret of Bourbon-Parma
14:
2219:People murdered in Emilia-Romagna
1810:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
1759:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
1718:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
1708:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
796:Baron Ward and the Dukes of Parma
603:Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
446:Infanta Maria Antónia of Portugal
1841:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
1815:Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
1800:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
1764:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans
1677:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
1570:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria
798:. London: Longmans, Green, 1938.
1662:Infante Juan, Count of Montizón
1621:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
1554:Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
1283:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
452:Princess Alice of Bourbon-Parma
196:Alice, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
162:
2179:19th-century murdered monarchs
1795:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia
1723:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid
1580:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies
1240:Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
470:Infanta Adelgundes of Portugal
327:Charles Louis, Prince of Lucca
1:
2189:Princes of Parma and Piacenza
1886:title granted by Royal Decree
1769:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
335:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
36:
1754:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria
1414:Fernando, Prince of Asturias
1278:Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi
1273:Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma
1157:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
801:Nettement, Alfred François.
462:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
285:He was the only son of Duke
201:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
2214:Deaths by stabbing in Italy
2209:Hereditary princes of Parma
2199:Assassinated Italian people
2174:19th-century dukes of Parma
1790:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias
820:Charles III, Duke of Parma
805:. Paris: J. Lecoffre, 1864.
803:Madame la duchesse de Parme
777:. Barcelona. Planeta, 1994.
527:and taken as a prisoner in
55:17 May 1849 – 27 March 1854
2265:
1626:Infante Francisco de Paula
1409:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
1230:Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma
1136:Charles III, Duke of Parma
1088:Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma
1009:Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma
869:Duke of Parma and Piacenza
760:Retrieved 12 January 2022.
521:Charles Albert of Sardinia
510:Hereditary Prince of Parma
506:Hereditary Prince of Lucca
377:Charles Albert of Sardinia
343:Hereditary Prince of Lucca
46:Duke of Parma and Piacenza
2139:
2084:
1939:
1881:
1733:Carlos III, Duke of Parma
1600:Fernando I, Duke of Parma
1419:Diego, Prince of Asturias
1374:
1310:
1120:Charles II, Duke of Parma
972:Ranuccio I, Duke of Parma
875:
866:
858:
853:
818:
397:Princess Louise of Artois
292:Princess Louise of Artois
250:Charles II, Duke of Parma
218:
209:
151:Princess Louise of Artois
28:
2194:Princes of Bourbon-Parma
1774:Roberto I, Duke of Parma
1687:Carlos II, Duke of Parma
1595:Infante Francisco Javier
1225:Robert II, Duke of Parma
1035:Francesco, Duke of Parma
956:Alexander, Duke of Parma
791:. Modena: Artioli, 1984.
780:Cecchini, Bianca Maria.
573:Carlo III, Duke of Parma
548:, south-west of London.
464:(1851–1905): he married
132:Cappella della Macchia,
1590:Infante Antonio Pascual
1549:Felipe I, Duke of Parma
1152:Robert I, Duke of Parma
977:Cardinal-Prince Odoardo
486:Marchese di Castiglione
438:Robert I, Duke of Parma
191:Robert I, Duke of Parma
2184:House of Bourbon-Parma
2169:1854 murders in Europe
2141:* denotes titular Duke
1946:
1040:Antonio, Duke of Parma
993:Odoardo, Duke of Parma
930:Ottavio, Duke of Parma
825:House of Bourbon-Parma
574:
432:Carlos, Duke of Madrid
356:, and to the court in
275:
223:
1945:
1713:Infante Luis Fernando
1193:Xavier, Duke of Parma
1178:Joseph, Duke of Parma
572:
556:On 5 April 1849 the
472:, on 15 October 1876.
331:Maria Teresa of Savoy
260:Maria Teresa of Savoy
96:Villa delle Pianore,
1534:Infante Felipe Pedro
1317:prince of Luxembourg
1183:Elias, Duke of Parma
1173:Henry, Duke of Parma
830:Cadet branch of the
607:Isabella II of Spain
502:Empress Marie Louise
500:On 17 December 1847
496:Acquisition of Parma
296:Empress Marie Louise
409:Charles X of France
287:Charles II of Parma
282:from 1849 to 1854.
1947:
1104:Louis I of Etruria
787:Franzè, Giuseppe.
575:
391:Marriage and issue
333:(daughter of King
2204:People from Lucca
2146:
2145:
2077: (1854–1859)
2053: (1808-1814)
2052:
2039: (1808-1814)
2038:
2025: (1765–1802)
1989: (1694–1727)
1971: (1592–1622)
1899:
1898:
1636:Luis I of Etruria
1368:Infantes of Spain
1334:
1333:
1014:Prince Alessandro
935:Prince Alessandro
885:
884:
876:Succeeded by
812:. Royalty Digest.
808:Stubbs, Alan R.
536:, he traveled to
508:becoming instead
405:Comte de Chambord
265:
264:
229:
228:
2256:
2224:Spanish infantes
2133:* (2010–present)
2046:
2032:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1892:
1887:
1667:Infante Fernando
1450:Infante Fernando
1361:
1354:
1347:
1338:
1325:prince of Nassau
1295:Prince Guillaume
917:Princes of Parma
911:
904:
897:
888:
873:1849–1854
859:Preceded by
849:
842:
833:House of Bourbon
816:
775:La Familia Rival
761:
755:
749:
742:
721:
718:La Familia Rival
714:
708:
701:
676:
669:
490:Conte di Mulazzo
211:
170:
168:
164:
114:
93:
91:
38:
33:
21:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2080:
2071: (1849–54)
2065: (1847–49)
2059: (1814–47)
2019: (1748–65)
2013: (1740–48)
2007: (1735–40)
2001: (1731–35)
1995: (1727–31)
1983: (1646–94)
1977: (1622–46)
1965: (1586–92)
1959: (1556–86)
1953: (1545–47)
1935:
1930:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1866:16th generation
1861:
1850:15th generation
1845:
1836:Infante Alfonso
1824:14th generation
1819:
1805:Infante Gonzalo
1783:13th generation
1778:
1742:12th generation
1737:
1696:11th generation
1691:
1645:10th generation
1640:
1604:
1585:Infante Gabriel
1558:
1517:
1501:
1485:
1459:
1428:
1397:
1381:
1370:
1365:
1335:
1330:
1306:
1266:16th generation
1261:
1218:15th generation
1213:
1166:14th generation
1161:
1145:13th generation
1140:
1129:12th generation
1124:
1113:11th generation
1108:
1097:10th generation
1092:
1076:
1060:
1044:
1018:
997:
981:
960:
944:
940:Prince Rannucio
918:
915:
881:
872:
864:
843:
841:14 January 1823
837:
836:
828:
821:
773:Balansó, Juan.
770:
765:
764:
756:
752:
743:
724:
715:
711:
702:
679:
670:
653:
648:
615:
567:
498:
393:
385:Victor Emmanuel
319:
205:
172:
160:
156:
153:
140:
116:
112:
95:
94:14 January 1823
89:
87:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2262:
2260:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2040:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:Dukes of Parma
1931:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1609:9th generation
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1563:8th generation
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1522:7th generation
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1506:6th generation
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1490:5th generation
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1464:4th generation
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1455:Infante Alonso
1452:
1447:
1445:Infante Carlos
1442:
1436:
1434:
1433:3rd generation
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1402:2nd generation
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1386:1st generation
1383:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1252:Prince Jacques
1249:
1246:Prince Charles
1243:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1209:Prince Gaetano
1206:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1081:9th generation
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1065:8th generation
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1049:7th generation
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1023:6th generation
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1002:5th generation
999:
998:
996:
995:
989:
987:
986:4th generation
983:
982:
980:
979:
974:
968:
966:
965:3rd generation
962:
961:
959:
958:
952:
950:
949:2nd generation
946:
945:
943:
942:
937:
932:
926:
924:
923:1st generation
920:
919:
916:
914:
913:
906:
899:
891:
883:
882:
877:
874:
865:
860:
856:
855:
854:Regnal titles
851:
850:
829:
822:
819:
814:
813:
806:
799:
794:Myers, Jesse.
792:
785:
778:
769:
766:
763:
762:
750:
722:
709:
677:
650:
649:
647:
644:
619:Riserva Palace
614:
611:
597:. They met in
566:
563:
497:
494:
474:
473:
459:
449:
435:
392:
389:
318:
315:
263:
262:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
227:
226:
216:
215:
207:
206:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
182:
180:
174:
173:
158:
154:
149:
148:
146:
142:
141:
131:
129:
125:
124:
122:Duchy of Parma
115:(aged 31)
109:
105:
104:
102:Duchy of Parma
85:
81:
80:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2261:
2250:
2249:Sons of kings
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:* (1977–2010)
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:* (1859–1907)
2090:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:Charles Louis
2061:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:Maria Theresa
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Juan Carlos I
1829:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1302:
1301:Prince Robert
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1257:Prince Michel
1255:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Prince Sixtus
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
990:
988:
984:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
963:
957:
954:
953:
951:
947:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
912:
907:
905:
900:
898:
893:
892:
889:
880:
871:
870:
863:
857:
852:
848:27 March 1854
847:
840:
835:
834:
827:
826:
817:
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
793:
790:
786:
783:
779:
776:
772:
771:
767:
759:
754:
751:
747:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
713:
710:
706:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
652:
645:
643:
640:
636:
631:
627:
625:
620:
613:Assassination
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
590:
586:
584:
580:
571:
565:Reigning Duke
564:
562:
559:
554:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
495:
493:
491:
487:
483:
478:
471:
467:
463:
460:
457:
453:
450:
447:
443:
439:
436:
433:
429:
426:
425:
424:
422:
418:
417:Lanzenkirchen
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
316:
314:
312:
311:authoritarian
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
288:
283:
281:
280:duke of Parma
277:
273:
269:
261:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
241:
240:Bourbon-Parma
238:
236:
232:
225:
221:
217:
212:
208:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
181:
179:
175:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:Villa Borbone
130:
126:
123:
119:
111:27 March 1854
110:
106:
103:
99:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2068:
2057:Marie Louise
2048:
2034:
1872:
1732:
1616:Fernando VII
1512:
1496:
1322:
1314:
1135:
1071:
1055:
867:
845:
838:
831:
823:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
753:
745:
717:
712:
704:
672:
632:
628:
616:
591:
587:
578:
576:
555:
514:
509:
505:
499:
489:
485:
481:
479:
475:
413:
394:
366:
362:
347:
342:
320:
300:
284:
267:
266:
113:(1854-03-27)
18:
2164:1854 deaths
2159:1823 births
2125:Carlos Hugo
2121:* (1974–77)
2115:* (1959–74)
2109:* (1950–59)
2103:* (1939–50)
2097:* (1907–39)
2069:Charles III
1981:Ranuccio II
1703:Alfonso XII
1539:Fernando VI
1289:Prince Jean
1204:Prince René
624:Santa Lucia
307:persecution
303:martial law
268:Charles III
60:Predecessor
24:Charles III
2153:Categories
2029:Cambacérès
2005:Charles II
1969:Ranuccio I
1951:Pier Luigi
1544:Carlos III
1424:Felipe III
862:Charles II
768:References
517:revolution
482:il Duchino
401:Legitimist
317:Early life
90:1823-01-14
64:Charles II
2113:Robert II
2023:Ferdinand
1999:Charles I
1987:Francesco
1963:Alexander
1857:Felipe VI
1575:Carlos IV
1481:Carlos II
1440:Felipe IV
1393:Felipe II
716:Balansó,
635:Viareggio
540:and then
373:Apennines
350:Weistropp
138:Viareggio
70:Successor
35:Charles,
2075:Robert I
2049:Piacenza
1378:Carlos I
879:Robert I
744:Stubbs,
720:, p. 104
703:Stubbs,
671:Stubbs,
599:Florence
558:Austrian
550:Disraeli
546:Surbiton
74:Robert I
1993:Antonio
1975:Odoardo
1957:Ottavio
748:, p. 73
707:, p. 72
675:, p. 71
542:Livorno
525:Cremona
421:Austria
354:Dresden
352:, near
309:. His
272:Italian
220:Italian
171:
159:
155:
136:, near
2131:Carlos
2119:Xavier
2101:Joseph
2089:Robert
2045:
2043:Lebrun
2031:
2017:Philip
1529:Luis I
844:
595:Trento
583:Olmutz
538:Naples
358:Vienna
256:Mother
246:Father
165:
145:Spouse
128:Burial
2107:Elias
2095:Henry
2035:Parma
1323:also
1315:also
846:Died:
839:Born:
646:Notes
534:Malta
529:Milan
381:Turin
369:Lucca
323:Lucca
235:House
214:Names
178:Issue
169:)
161:(
157:
118:Parma
98:Lucca
52:Reign
1873:None
1513:None
1497:None
1072:None
1056:None
167:1845
108:Died
84:Born
39:1852
419:in
2155::
1303:*^
1297:*^
1291:*^
1285:*^
1248:*^
1242:*^
725:^
680:^
654:^
512:.
492:.
345:.
274::
222::
163:m.
120:,
100:,
37:c.
2051:)
2047:(
2037:)
2033:(
1925:e
1918:t
1911:v
1360:e
1353:t
1346:v
1200:*
910:e
903:t
896:v
270:(
92:)
88:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
