797:
695:. An incident of demonic possession is recorded in his youth, in which he was said to have been foaming at the mouth before he was taken to the altar of the church. This greatly affected him and his father. He was described as: "… a very Christian prince, fearing God, with all his heart keeping His commandments, very devoutly obeying the orders of the Church, generous in alms-giving, practising unceasingly prayer and song, always intent upon celebrating the praises of God."
5493:
1361:
6083:
1439:, though the men of Lotharingia never seem to have formally accepted his deposition. By 17 November, Charles was out of power, though the exact course of events is unknown. Aside from rebuking his faithlessness, he did little to prevent Arnulf's move—he had recently been ill again—but assured that Bernard was entrusted to his care and possibly Louis too. He asked for a few estates in Swabia on which to live out his days and thus received
861:
5807:
2516:
3818:
1097:
963:
1308:
36:
1825:
misconduct with
Luitward, bishop of Vercelli. She demanded to clear her character, either by having a champion to fight for her or by some other ordeal. The trial consisted of the accused being wrapped in linen cloth soaked with inflammable liquid and set on fire at the four corners. It was burnt away to nothing, and the innocent queen remained unhurt. Thus was her innocence proved.
5626:
1458:, who also opposed Arnulf in Lotharingia. Guy sought the kingship in Italy after his failures in Francia, despite Berengar having already been crowned. Louis was crowned in Provence, as Charles had intended, and he sought the support of Arnulf and gained it, probably through supplication to him. Odo would eventually submit to Arnulf's supremacy as well. In
1294:, may have had a similar purpose in visiting Charles at Kirchen. On the other hand, the presence of these magnates at these two great assemblies may merely have been necessary to confirm Charles's illegitimate son as his heir (Waiblingen), a plan which failed when the pope refused to attend, and then to confirm Louis instead (Kirchen).
1278:. Pope Stephen cancelled his planned attendance on 30 April 887. Nevertheless, at Waiblingen, Berengar, who after a brief feud with Liutward had lost the favour of the emperor, came in early May 887, made peace with the emperor and compensated for his actions of the previous year by dispensing great gifts.
816:
and offered a third to
Carloman and a third to Charles. In 878, Carloman returned his Lotharingian share to Louis, who then divided it evenly with Charles. In 879, Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke and divided his domains between his brothers: Bavaria went to Louis and Italy to Charles. Charles
1454:, each part of the realm elected a "kinglet" from its own "bowels"—the bowels being the regions inside the realm. It is probable that Arnulf desired the whole empire, but the only part he received other than East Francia was Lotharingia. The French elected Odo, although he was opposed at first by
1824:
Charles suffered excruciating pains in his head and attributed it to some sort of diabolic possession, for which he was exorcised, but the pain continued. Then he had incisions made in his head to get rid of the devil, but the pain only grew worse. Among other delusions, he suspected his wife of
1289:
in May. It is possible, however, that the agreement with Louis was only designed to engender support for
Bernard's sub-kingship in Lotharingia. In June or July, Berengar arrived in Kirchen, probably pining to be declared Charles's heir; he may in fact have been so named in Italy, where he was
884:
and crowned
Charles emperor on 12 February 881. This was accompanied by hopes of a general revival in western Europe, but Charles proved to be unequal to the task. Charles did little to help against Guy II. Papal letters as late as November were still petitioning Charles for action.
153:
1485:
It is unknown if these elections were a response to
Charles's East Frankish deposition or to his death. Only those of Arnulf and Berengar can be certainly placed before his death. Only the magnates of the East ever formally deposed him. He was buried with honour in
1496:
heap praises on his piety and godliness. Indeed, contemporary opinion of
Charles is consistently kinder than later historiography, though it is a modern suggestion that his lack of apparent successes is the excusable result of near constant illness and infirmity.
1384:, a relative of his, at his court. He may have accepted neither, one, or both of these as his heir in their respective kingdoms. His inner circle then began to fall apart. First, he accused his wife Richgard of having an affair with his chief minister and
1157:, sneaked some men through enemy lines to seek his aid. Charles sent Henry of Saxony to Paris. In 886, as disease began to spread through Paris, Odo himself went to Charles to seek support. Charles brought a large army and encircled the army of
1236:. Hadrian was going to remove the obstructing bishops for Charles, as he doubted he could do this himself, and legitimise Bernard. Based on the unfavorable attitude shown by the chronicler responsible for the Mainz continuation of the
1110:
When
Carloman II of West Francia died on 12 December 884, the nobles of the kingdom invited Charles to assume the kingship. Charles gladly accepted, it being the third kingdom to "fall into his lap". According to the
643:(the anonymous "Saxon Annalist") in the twelfth century. There is no contemporary reference to Charles's physical size, but the nickname has stuck and is the common name in most modern European languages (French
1435:, had fomented a general rebellion and was marching into Germany with an army of Bavarians and Slavs. The next week saw the collapse of all his support in East Francia. The last to abandon him were his loyal
1137:
in southern
Lorraine. Although Geilo even developed a special West Frankish seal for him, Charles's government in the West was always very distant and he left most day-to-day business to the higher nobility.
1172:
Charles issued a number of charters for West
Frankish recipients during his stay in Paris during and after the siege. He recognised rights and privileges granted by his predecessors to recipients in the
1376:
With
Charles increasingly seen as spineless and incompetent, matters came to a head in late 887. In the summer of that year, having given up on plans for his son's succession, Charles received Odo and
1025:. Sigfred was bribed off. Despite the insinuations of some modern historians, no contemporary account criticised Charles's actions during this campaign. In 885, fearing Godfrid and his brother-in-law,
939:
against Guy III. Berengar was initially successful until an epidemic of disease, which ravaged all of Italy, affecting the emperor and his entourage as well as Berengar's army, forced him to retreat.
1423:
to him for protection. Charles confirmed Louis in Provence (he may even have adopted him) and allowed them to live at his court. He probably intended to make Louis heir to the whole realm and the
617:. Forced into quiet retirement, he died of natural causes on 13 January 888, just a few weeks after his deposition. The Empire quickly fell apart after his death, splintering into five separate
1817:
1538:
of the high Middle Ages and the early modern period. He is numbered as "Charles III" in the lists on German monarchs but was not counted as king of France (despite briefly ruling over
6250:
1506:, designed to champion the cause of Louis the Blind and warn the Carolingians that their continued rule was not certain if they did not have "divine" (i.e. ecclesiastical) favour.
6255:
1169:, which was in revolt. When the Vikings withdrew from France next spring, he gave them 700 pounds of promised silver. Charles's prestige in France was greatly diminished.
769:
invaded the peninsula and had himself crowned king and emperor. Louis the German sent first Charles and then Carloman himself, with armies containing Italian forces under
3780:
1200:; as emperor he would have had that prerogative and Alan's use of the title appears legitimate. A charter dated to between 897 and 900 makes reference to the soul of
5356:
2552:
2261:
1246:. Because Charles had called together the "bishops and counts of Gaul" as well as the pope to meet him at Worms, it is likely that he had plans to make Bernard
3125:
1470:
of the region, was elected as king in a distinctly non-Carolingian creation, probably the result of his failure to succeed in the whole of Lotharingia. In
6215:
6205:
4562:
912:. As Aachen was located in the kingdom of his brother, it was necessary for Charles to build a new palace for his court in his own power base of western
1270:(offspring) inserted into his charters (it had not been in previous years), in a likely attempt to legitimise Bernard. In early 886 Charles met the new
1224:, his illegitimate son by an unknown concubine, recognised as his heir in 885, but this met with opposition from several bishops. He had the support of
6200:
1577:
3149:
1274:
and probably negotiated for the recognition of his illegitimate son as heir. An assembly was planned for April and May of the following year at
990:
had opposed them with some success, but he died after a short campaign on 20 January 882, leaving his throne to Charles, who reunited the whole
6220:
5099:
4342:
3773:
927:, vowed to return the papal lands. In a March letter to Charles, John claimed that the vows went unfulfilled. In 883, Guy of Camerino, now
6210:
3683:
4809:
1515:
6003:
5349:
4518:
2915:
2895:
2875:
2545:
2461:
2441:
2421:
2254:
1347:
119:
1400:
and left him for the monastic life. He then turned against Liutward, who was hated by all, and removed him from office, appointing
5955:
5320:
5107:
4478:
3118:
2920:
2910:
2880:
2767:
2456:
2426:
2396:
1325:
454:
53:
6148:
6111:
5159:
4438:
4089:
3766:
3716:
2940:
2890:
2732:
2481:
2436:
2376:
1221:
100:
5726:
5544:
5529:
5049:
4555:
4502:
4009:
3144:
2998:
2960:
2955:
2935:
2836:
2501:
2496:
2476:
2411:
1401:
1329:
773:, their cousin, to the Italian kingdom. These wars, however, were not successful until the death of Charles the Bald in 877.
57:
3013:
72:
6235:
5681:
5606:
4841:
4761:
4526:
4510:
4486:
4406:
4398:
3087:
2950:
2945:
2925:
2900:
2885:
2865:
2821:
2698:
2693:
2491:
2486:
2466:
2446:
2431:
2416:
2401:
2361:
2356:
1243:
591:
6260:
6157:
6138:
5342:
5207:
5175:
5073:
4897:
4865:
4825:
4713:
4494:
4462:
4414:
4390:
4374:
2930:
2905:
2826:
2752:
2703:
2688:
2683:
2538:
2519:
2471:
2451:
2406:
2386:
2366:
2351:
2346:
2247:
1933:
1908:
1872:
1102:
79:
5287:
5239:
5223:
5151:
5116:
4993:
4470:
4430:
4366:
3111:
2762:
2727:
2678:
2391:
2371:
2341:
1913:
1463:
662:, a contemporary of Charles's recording his death, calls him "Emperor Charles, third of that name and dignity" (Latin
539:
Over his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne's former empire. Granted lordship over
1001:
with the purpose of dealing with the Vikings. Armies from the whole East Francia were assembled in the summer under
804:
Three brothers ruled in cooperation and avoided wars over the division of their patrimony: a rare occurrence in the
6245:
5790:
5615:
5312:
5279:
5255:
5231:
5215:
5191:
5143:
5125:
5057:
5009:
5001:
4873:
4849:
4817:
3054:
2970:
2853:
2842:
1890:
852:, to take the city, which he finally did in September. After this, Boso was restricted to the vicinity of Vienne.
796:
6225:
5304:
5263:
5167:
5134:
5041:
5033:
5017:
4985:
4937:
4913:
4857:
4801:
4785:
4777:
4571:
4548:
3082:
3063:
3044:
2811:
1022:
845:
497:
86:
6240:
6230:
5476:
5295:
5247:
5199:
5090:
4977:
4969:
4929:
4921:
4905:
4833:
4793:
3690:
3022:
2848:
1605:
1189:
1150:
1122:
943:
784:, though Charles received less of his share of Lotharingia than planned. In his charters, Charles's reign in
6162:
5271:
5183:
5081:
5065:
4953:
4889:
4769:
3903:
3159:
2643:
2561:
2197:
1369:
1318:
1014:
219:
68:
46:
1856:. "'Sad stories of the death of kings': Narrative Patterns and Structures of Authority in Regino of Prüm's
5414:
4697:
4641:
4277:
3526:
3154:
3003:
2772:
2224:
1475:
1006:
272:
5894:
5391:, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.
4673:
4625:
4446:
3516:
2789:
2737:
2709:
2190:
2173:
2083:
1408:
1113:
699:
844:, legally a part of the Italian kingdom from 863, had rebelled under Boso. In August 882, Charles sent
532:. He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the
1887:
Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire
5885:
5871:
4657:
4633:
4592:
4454:
4321:
3551:
3546:
3511:
3477:
3452:
3442:
3035:
2989:
2870:
2800:
2777:
2747:
2381:
2146:
1251:
1037:, where the Viking leader fell into his trap. Godfrid was executed, and Hugh was blinded and sent to
1026:
909:
684:
328:
6195:
6190:
5985:
5981:
5919:
5915:
5875:
5795:
5658:
5653:
5588:
5369:
5025:
4729:
4681:
4665:
4307:
4272:
4241:
4206:
4190:
4134:
3834:
3826:
3701:
3677:
3580:
3556:
3536:
3506:
3496:
3457:
3437:
3432:
3412:
3343:
3338:
3294:
3170:
2816:
2806:
2794:
2632:
2603:
2588:
2574:
2331:
2321:
2156:
2098:
2058:
2019:
1951:
1853:
1543:
1502:
1432:
1377:
1291:
1247:
1154:
1030:
1021:. Godfrid accepted Christianity and became Charles's vassal. He was married to Gisela, daughter of
1002:
936:
825:
711:
692:
602:
548:
517:
467:
441:
373:
360:
321:
311:
5492:
950:, granting that any assassin of a doge who fled to the territory of the Empire would be fined 100
6091:
6063:
6054:
5995:
5853:
5757:
5501:
5464:
5410:
4689:
4597:
4587:
4422:
4255:
3727:
3637:
3600:
3567:
3541:
3472:
3447:
3427:
3422:
3378:
3368:
3363:
2831:
2722:
2659:
2623:
2311:
2270:
2073:
2036:
1582:
1479:
1471:
1455:
1393:
1381:
1262:
I will not tell you of this until I see your little son Bernard with a sword girt to his thigh.
1153:. Sigfred demanded a bribe again, but this time Charles refused. He was in Italy at the time and
979:
971:
924:
829:
770:
731:
727:
621:; the territory it had occupied was not entirely reunited under one ruler until the conquests of
576:
513:
425:
404:
211:
167:
163:
143:
1440:
1080:
and his relationship with his nephew was broken, he gained powerful new allies in the Moravian
6133:
6124:
6100:
5999:
5941:
5849:
5740:
4737:
4649:
4612:
4348:
4329:
4174:
3927:
3501:
3462:
3417:
3388:
3383:
3373:
2664:
2593:
2296:
2129:
1994:
1535:
1492:
1451:
1360:
1282:
1238:
1166:
1165:. However, Charles had no intention of fighting. He sent the attackers up the Seine to ravage
1158:
1096:
1049:
987:
873:
805:
715:
659:
556:
449:
379:
332:
223:
821:
from this point, and from then, he spent most of his reign until 886 in his Italian kingdom.
93:
6082:
5970:
5904:
5786:
5452:
5441:
4881:
4721:
4602:
4582:
4263:
4182:
4158:
3710:
3663:
3591:
3467:
3333:
2859:
2757:
2637:
2583:
2316:
2301:
2051:
1980:
1416:
1412:
1225:
1193:
1186:
1134:
1100:
Charles the Fat receives the offer of kingship from two West Francian ambassadors (from the
1061:
1053:
975:
897:
837:
809:
777:
762:
754:
719:
680:
564:
521:
477:
350:
200:
5959:
5928:
5923:
5857:
5815:
5668:
5534:
5406:
4382:
4291:
4214:
3487:
3328:
3312:
2716:
2608:
2326:
2286:
2137:
2094:
1896:
1487:
1420:
1397:
1045:
1010:
928:
739:
723:
618:
614:
582:
Usually considered lethargic and inept—he was frequently ill, and is believed to have had
560:
152:
17:
5334:
1266:
After the failure of this first attempt, Charles set about to try again. He had the term
935:
late in May. He returned to Spoleto and made an alliance with the Saracens. Charles sent
722:. In 865, the elder Louis was forced to divide his remaining lands among his heirs: the
567:) the following year reunited the kingdom of East Francia. Upon the death of his cousin
5947:
5830:
5777:
5735:
5663:
5520:
5437:
4945:
4607:
4358:
4150:
3398:
3259:
2742:
2673:
2649:
2336:
2133:
2090:
1600:
1459:
1444:
1385:
1271:
1229:
1057:
1056:). Arnulf of Carinthia, Charles's illegitimate nephew, made an alliance with the rebel
998:
947:
869:
860:
849:
639:
552:
429:
400:
5806:
3758:
6184:
5676:
5560:
5539:
4961:
4705:
4299:
3789:
3358:
3284:
3249:
3214:
3073:
2207:
2026:
1667:
1547:
1174:
1142:
1141:
Though West Francia (the future France) was far less menaced by the Vikings than the
1130:
1121:, but this does not seem to have been true. It is likely that Charles was crowned by
1069:
991:
983:
881:
761:, died having agreed with Louis the German that Carloman would succeed him in Italy,
758:
282:
267:
244:
1145:, it was heavily hit nonetheless. In 885, a huge fleet led by Sigfred sailed up the
718:
followed Carloman in revolt and Charles joined him. Carloman received rule over the
6032:
3736:
3279:
3269:
3264:
3244:
3239:
3184:
2618:
2569:
1880:
Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Carolingian and Ottonian Centuries
1539:
1077:
962:
951:
877:
833:
766:
606:
572:
544:
3817:
1746:
Reuter, 116–117. AF(M), 885 (pp. 98–99 and nn6–7) and AF(B), 885 (p. 111 and n2).
5990:
5644:
5571:
4236:
4142:
3672:
3652:
3348:
3322:
3274:
3229:
3219:
3204:
3194:
2783:
2281:
1912:. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester:
1307:
1076:
took an oath of fidelity to Charles. Though the emperor lost his vassals of the
1065:
901:
889:
813:
781:
747:
707:
610:
568:
529:
254:
35:
5625:
6045:
5933:
5867:
5694:
4121:
4097:
4073:
3626:
3605:
3407:
3317:
3299:
3224:
3209:
3189:
3092:
1534:
This is the term preferred by scholars for the early phase of what became the
1275:
1162:
547:, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother
184:
157:
A seal of Charles the Fat with the inscription KAROLVS MAGS ("Carolus Magnus")
5840:
5634:
5510:
5448:
5424:
5397:
5365:
4316:
4166:
4065:
4025:
4001:
3985:
3850:
3842:
3620:
3610:
3531:
3254:
3234:
2291:
1428:
1232:
in October 885, but the pope died on the way there, just after crossing the
1217:
966:
Charles in a 14th-century sandstone relief, flanked by a squire and a knight
932:
913:
735:
540:
1482:, the Carolingian heir to the West, refusing to recognise Odo's election.
1204:, on whose behalf Alan had ordered prayers to be said in the monastery of
5862:
4753:
4286:
4250:
4081:
4057:
4049:
4033:
4017:
3993:
3953:
3646:
3615:
3521:
3303:
3179:
2979:
1436:
1389:
1290:
acclaimed (or made himself) king immediately after Charles's deposition.
1233:
1178:
1118:
1073:
841:
622:
583:
1586:
4113:
4105:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3945:
3937:
3866:
3858:
3804:
3199:
1572:
1332: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1286:
1281:
Charles eventually abandoned his plans for Bernard and instead adopted
1038:
1018:
920:
743:
703:
462:
301:
2530:
2239:
780:
died and the inheritance was divided as planned after a conference at
4041:
3911:
3882:
3874:
3103:
1182:
1034:
893:
587:
533:
1937:
translated by Timothy Reuter, with commentary (subscription needed).
4540:
5388:
3919:
1836:
Paul Edward Dutton. "Charles the Fat's Constitutional Dreams", in
1359:
1242:, the chief of Charles's opponents in this matter was most likely
1205:
1196:. It is probable that Charles granted Alan the right to be titled
1146:
1095:
961:
880:. John responded by begging the aid of Charles in his capacity as
859:
795:
688:
551:
who had been incapacitated by a stroke. Crowned emperor in 881 by
525:
487:
1500:
Charles was the subject of a hortative piece of Latin prose, the
3890:
931:
as Guy III, was accused of treason at an imperial synod held at
923:. The duke, emperor, and pope made peace and Guy and his uncle,
598:
190:
5338:
5121:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)
4544:
3762:
3107:
2534:
2243:
1672:
Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 400–1000
1301:
29:
1478:
declared himself king and took the guardianship of the young
1117:, Charles succeeded to all of the kingdom of Carloman except
904:, whom he consciously sought to emulate, as indicated by the
1840:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1994, 225–251.
1450:
The Empire fell apart, never to be restored. According to
1366:
Chartularium monasterii Casauriensis, ordinis S. Benedicti
1254:, who considered Bernard as a possible heir, wrote in his
1013:. Charles then opened negotiations with the Viking chiefs
888:
As emperor, Charles began the construction of a palace at
808:. In 877, Carloman finally inherited Italy from his uncle
1431:. While there he received news that an ambitious nephew,
6048:
from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.
997:
After returning from Italy, Charles held an assembly at
916:. Sélestat was also more centrally located than Aachen.
876:
seeking peace, but the duke ignored him and invaded the
664:
Carolus imperator, tertius huius nominis et dignitatis
1860:." In Elizabeth M. Tyler and Ross Balzaretti (eds.),
1447:). There he died six weeks later, on 13 January 888.
6147:
6123:
6090:
6053:
6031:
5969:
5903:
5884:
5839:
5814:
5776:
5756:
5725:
5693:
5643:
5633:
5605:
5585:
5559:
5519:
5500:
5463:
5423:
5396:
5291:(Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)
5139:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)
5130:(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)
4341:
4226:
4133:
3902:
3825:
3797:
3726:
3700:
3662:
3636:
3590:
3565:
3486:
3397:
3293:
3169:
3072:
3053:
3034:
3012:
2988:
2969:
2658:
2617:
2568:
555:, his succession to the territories of his brother
493:
483:
473:
461:
448:
437:
420:
410:
393:
389:
366:
356:
346:
338:
327:
317:
307:
296:
288:
281:
260:
250:
239:
229:
218:
207:
196:
183:
173:
162:
136:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5086:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)
1921:Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians
1838:The Politics of Dreaming in the Carolingian Empire
1862:Narrative and History in the Early Medieval West
637:) is not contemporary. It was first used by the
1260:
1064:, Charles's appointed margrave of the region.
679:Charles was the youngest of the three sons of
416:Neudingen (Donaueschingen), Carolingian Empire
6251:German royalty and nobility with disabilities
5350:
4556:
3774:
3119:
2546:
2255:
1901:Germany in the Early Middle Ages, c. 800–1056
1754:
1752:
1721:
1719:
1713:MacLean, pp. 166–168, quoting Regino of Prüm.
1407:In that year, his first cousin once removed,
714:revolted against their father. The next year
8:
5235:(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)
1793:
1791:
1742:
1740:
919:In February 882, Charles convoked a diet in
605:in mid-November 887, Charles was deposed in
750:was to be divided between the younger two.
597:The reunited empire did not last. During a
6256:Burials at the Imperial Abbey of Reichenau
6039:
5823:
5764:
5640:
5593:
5429:
5357:
5343:
5335:
4563:
4549:
4541:
3781:
3767:
3759:
3126:
3112:
3104:
2553:
2539:
2531:
2262:
2248:
2240:
1942:
151:
133:
5187:(Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)
5179:(Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)
1816:Agnes Baillie Cunninghame Dunbar (1905).
1348:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1691:
1689:
1427:. On November, he called an assembly to
710:. In 863, his rebellious eldest brother
1645:
1643:
1563:
1527:
1029:, Charles arranged for a conference at
970:In the early 880s, the remnants of the
5259:(Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)
1216:Charles, childless by his marriage to
800:Charter of Charles III, 2 December 882
788:is dated from his inheritance in 876.
633:The nickname "Charles the Fat" (Latin
508:(839 – 13 January 888), also known as
6044:West Francia was in the hands of the
1208:. This was probably Charles the Fat.
1072:, agreed to help Aribo and in 884 at
942:In 883, Charles signed a treaty with
658:His numeral is roughly contemporary.
7:
3747:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
1330:adding citations to reliable sources
1228:, whom he invited to an assembly in
840:in Vienne from August to September.
586:—Charles twice purchased peace with
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1923:. Cambridge University Press: 1992.
1869:Death and Life in the Tenth Century
1149:, for the first time in years, and
590:raiders, including at the infamous
27:Carolingian emperor from 881 to 888
5211:(1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)
1822:. Vol. 2. Bell. p. 186.
1516:Family tree of the German monarchs
1106:, illustration from c. 1375–1379).
543:in 876, following the division of
520:, Charles was the youngest son of
25:
6216:9th-century kings of East Francia
6206:9th-century kings of West Francia
2151:20 January 882 – 17 November 887
1864:, pp. 105–32. Brepols, 2006.
1396:. She proved her innocence in an
1009:. The chief Viking camp was then
516:from 881 to 887. A member of the
6081:
5805:
5624:
5491:
5195:(1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)
3816:
2515:
2514:
1306:
1192:was known to be powerful in the
1177:and Provence, but especially in
34:
6201:9th-century Holy Roman Emperors
1999:28 August 876 – 20 January 882
1578:Société de l'histoire de France
1317:needs additional citations for
982:in 878, began to settle in the
864:The Empire under Charles in 887
45:needs additional citations for
5283:(Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)
5203:(1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)
1776:AF(B), 887 (p. 113 and nn3–4).
1695:AF(B), 883 (p. 107 and nn6–7).
1573:"Les cisterciens et Charles V"
1402:Liutbert (archbishop of Mainz)
1:
5095:(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)
5077:(Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)
4989:(1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)
1819:A Dictionary of Saintly Women
1285:as his son at an assembly at
1244:Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz
594:, which led to his downfall.
6221:9th-century dukes of Bavaria
1873:University of Michigan Press
1372:, illustration from c. 1182)
1298:Deposition, death and legacy
1181:, where he had contact with
1103:Grandes Chroniques de France
575:, thus reuniting the entire
571:in 884, he inherited all of
342:28 August 876 – November 887
292:22 March 880 – November 887
5208:Stephen III the Magnificent
1914:Manchester University Press
896:. He modelled it after the
414:13 January 888 (aged 48–49)
6277:
6211:9th-century kings of Italy
5791:Pepin, Count of Vermandois
5042:Henry XV the Natternberger
5029:(Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)
3055:North German Confederation
2971:Confederation of the Rhine
1891:Cambridge University Press
528:, and a great-grandson of
18:Charles III (East Francia)
6079:
6042:
5826:
5803:
5767:
5710:
5622:
5596:
5489:
5432:
5376:
5091:Louis V the Brandenburger
4621:
4578:
3814:
3745:
3139:
2510:
2277:
2221:
2204:
2195:
2187:
2180:as King of Upper Burgundy
2170:
2153:
2144:
2120:
2105:
2088:
2080:
2065:
2056:
2043:
2033:
2024:
2016:
2001:
1992:
1977:
1972:
1945:
1906:Reuter, Timothy (trans.)
1571:Brunel, Ghislain (2007).
1023:Lothair II of Lotharingia
1003:Arnulf, Duke of Carinthia
846:Richard, Duke of Burgundy
698:In 859, Charles was made
512:, was the emperor of the
498:Chalcedonian Christianity
150:
141:
5381:Legend: → ≡ "father of",
5305:Albert V the Magnanimous
5288:William IV the Steadfast
5224:Louis VIII the Hunchback
4802:Henry II the Quarrelsome
4229:(title disputed 887–933)
3023:Archduke John of Austria
1606:Neue Deutsche Biographie
1490:after his death and the
1123:Geilo, Bishop of Langres
944:Giovanni II Participazio
5227:(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)
5219:(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)
3160:List of French monarchs
2214:as King of West Francia
2163:as King of East Francia
2113:as King of East Francia
2009:as King of East Francia
1987:as King of East Francia
1939:, medievalsources.co.uk
1649:AF, 875 (p. 77 and n8).
1370:San Clemente a Casauria
1364:Charles the Fat in the
836:, in a failed siege of
824:In 880, Charles joined
746:) went to Charles, and
5599:Sons of Charles Martel
5415:Childebert the Adopted
5171:(Straubing: 1417-1425)
5163:(Straubing: 1417-1429)
5155:(Straubing: 1404–1417)
5147:(Straubing: 1389–1397)
4893:(1070–1077, 1096–1101)
4869:(1053–1054, 1055–1061)
4837:(1004–1009, 1017–1026)
3666:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
3155:List of Frankish kings
3150:Simplified family tree
2225:Ranulf II of Aquitaine
1373:
1264:
1107:
1007:Henry, Count of Saxony
967:
954:of gold and banished.
865:
801:
273:Ranulf II of Aquitaine
5366:Pippinids, Arnulfings
5275:(Landshut: 1479–1503)
5267:(Landshut: 1450–1479)
5216:Louis VII the Bearded
5168:John III the Pitiless
4829:(995–1004, 1009–1017)
4818:Henry III the Younger
4738:Louis III the Younger
2174:Rudolph I of Burgundy
2084:Louis III the Younger
1806:MacLean, pp. 167–168.
1409:Ermengard of Provence
1363:
1161:and set up a camp at
1114:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1099:
1044:From 882 to 884, the
965:
863:
832:, the joint kings of
799:
700:Count of the Breisgau
675:Youth and inheritance
432:(present-day Germany)
144:Emperor of the Romans
6236:Kings of Lotharingia
5796:Counts of Vermandois
5192:Frederick I the Wise
4978:Otto the Illustrious
4938:Henry XI Jasomirgott
4439:Lothair III (or II)
3792:between 476 and 1556
3145:Detailed family tree
3036:German Confederation
2990:German Confederation
2231:as King of Aquitaine
2198:King of West Francia
2147:King of East Francia
1546:when he adopted his
1326:improve this article
1256:Deeds of Charlemagne
1252:Notker the Stammerer
1092:Rule in West Francia
1027:Hugh, Duke of Alsace
986:. Charles's brother
958:Rule in East Francia
910:Notker the Stammerer
792:Acquisition of Italy
685:King of East Francia
329:King of East Francia
220:King of West Francia
54:improve this article
6261:Carolingian dynasty
6149:Charles of Lorraine
6112:Charles of Lorraine
5982:Louis the Stammerer
5770:Sons of Charlemagne
5659:Charles the Younger
5654:Pepin the Hunchback
5313:William V the Pious
5251:(Munich: 1460–1463)
5243:(Munich: 1438–1460)
4986:Louis II the Strict
4965:(Regent: 1183–1191)
4765:(Margrave: 895–907)
4757:(Margrave: 890–895)
4722:Louis II the German
3581:Henry VI of England
2575:Carolingian dynasty
2562:Monarchs of Germany
2271:Holy Roman emperors
2157:Arnulf of Carinthia
2059:Carolingian emperor
2020:Carloman of Bavaria
1952:Carolingian dynasty
1947:Emperor Charles III
1919:Smith, Julia M. H.
1909:The Annals of Fulda
1503:Visio Karoli Grossi
1433:Arnulf of Carinthia
1292:Odo, Count of Paris
1248:King of Lotharingia
1212:Succession problems
1185:at a time when the
1155:Odo, Count of Paris
900:which was built by
856:Imperial coronation
826:Louis III of France
817:dated his reign in
706:bordering southern
629:Nickname and number
603:Arnulf of Carinthia
549:Carloman of Bavaria
518:Carolingian dynasty
442:Richardis of Swabia
6055:Charles the Simple
5996:Charles the Simple
5280:Albert IV the Wise
5232:Henry XVI the Rich
5103:(Upper: 1361–1363)
5069:(Lower: 1339–1340)
5061:(Lower: 1310–1339)
5053:(Lower: 1310–1334)
5045:(Lower: 1312–1333)
5037:(Upper: 1294–1317)
5021:(Lower: 1290–1312)
5013:(Lower: 1290–1310)
5005:(Lower: 1290–1296)
4997:(Lower: 1253–1290)
4946:Henry XII the Lion
4914:Henry IX the Black
4805:(955–976, 985–995)
4598:Bavaria-Ingolstadt
3728:House of Bonaparte
3638:House of Bonaparte
3568:House of Lancaster
3134:Monarchs of France
2660:Kingdom of Germany
2624:Kingdom of Germany
2070:Title next held by
2048:Title last held by
1867:Duckett, Eleanor.
1480:Charles the Simple
1456:Guy III of Spoleto
1419:, brought her son
1411:, daughter of the
1394:bishop of Vercelli
1382:Margrave of Friuli
1374:
1108:
1078:Wilhelminer family
1011:besieged at Asselt
980:Battle of Ethandun
972:Great Heathen Army
968:
906:Gesta Karoli Magni
866:
802:
771:Berengar of Friuli
753:When, in 875, the
732:Duchy of Thuringia
728:Duchy of Franconia
691:from the House of
619:successor kingdoms
601:led by his nephew
577:Carolingian Empire
514:Carolingian Empire
426:Abbey of Reichenau
405:Carolingian Empire
168:Carolingian Empire
6246:Frankish warriors
6178:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6027:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6000:Charles the Child
5942:Louis the Younger
5850:Louis II of Italy
5752:
5751:
5721:
5720:
5581:
5580:
5477:Hugh of Champagne
5332:
5331:
5272:George I the Rich
5264:Louis IX the Rich
4613:Bavaria-Straubing
4538:
4537:
4349:Holy Roman Empire
3756:
3755:
3717:Louis Philippe II
3640:(1804–1814; 1815)
3101:
3100:
3027:
3026:(Imperial Regent)
2665:Holy Roman Empire
2594:Louis the Younger
2528:
2527:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2222:Succeeded by
2217:
2205:Succeeded by
2183:
2171:Succeeded by
2166:
2154:Succeeded by
2142:
2130:King of Alemannia
2116:
2106:Succeeded by
2034:Succeeded by
2012:
2002:Succeeded by
1995:King of Alemannia
1990:
1935:Annales Fuldenses
1683:MacLean, 187–188.
1674:(Macmillan), 169.
1536:Holy Roman Empire
1493:Annales Fuldenses
1358:
1357:
1350:
1283:Louis of Provence
1239:Annales Fuldenses
1129:on 20 May 885 at
1084:and other Slavic
1050:March of Pannonia
988:Louis the Younger
874:Guy II of Spoleto
872:sent a letter to
806:Early Middle Ages
734:) went to Louis,
716:Louis the Younger
557:Louis the Younger
503:
502:
233:12 December 884 –
189:12 February 881,
177:12 February 881 –
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Charles the Fat"
16:(Redirected from
6268:
6226:Kings of Bavaria
6085:
6040:
6007:Lothair the Lame
5971:Charles the Bald
5905:Louis the German
5824:
5809:
5765:
5641:
5628:
5594:
5495:
5442:Chlodulf of Metz
5430:
5384:* ≡ "brother of"
5359:
5352:
5345:
5336:
5066:John I the Child
4954:Otto the Redhead
4882:Otto of Nordheim
4603:Bavaria-Landshut
4583:Duchy of Bavaria
4572:Dukes of Bavaria
4565:
4558:
4551:
4542:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4343:Kingdom of Italy
4333:
4325:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4281:
4267:
4259:
4245:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3923:
3915:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3820:
3808:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3760:
3711:Louis Philippe I
3702:House of Orléans
3664:House of Bourbon
3592:House of Bourbon
3128:
3121:
3114:
3105:
3025:
2584:Louis the German
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2518:
2517:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2241:
2228:
2211:
2188:Preceded by
2177:
2160:
2125:
2121:Preceded by
2110:
2081:Preceded by
2017:Preceded by
2006:
1984:
1978:Preceded by
1968:
1961:
1943:
1903:. Longman, 1991.
1885:MacLean, Simon.
1841:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1747:
1744:
1735:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1568:
1551:
1532:
1417:Boso of Provence
1413:Emperor Louis II
1404:, in his place.
1353:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1310:
1302:
1226:Pope Hadrian III
1220:, tried to have
1194:county of Nantes
1062:Aribo of Austria
1054:March of Austria
976:Alfred the Great
898:Palace at Aachen
868:On 18 July 880,
838:Boso of Provence
812:. Louis divided
810:Charles the Bald
778:Louis the German
763:Charles the Bald
755:Emperor Louis II
726:(along with the
720:Duchy of Bavaria
681:Louis the German
615:Kingdom of Italy
522:Louis the German
155:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6241:Dukes of Swabia
6231:Kings of Saxony
6181:
6180:
6179:
6170:
6143:
6119:
6086:
6077:
6049:
6034:
6019:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5974:
5965:
5958:
5952:Charles the Fat
5950:
5940:
5924:Louis the Child
5908:
5899:
5880:
5874:
5866:
5858:Louis the Blind
5835:
5819:
5816:Louis the Pious
5810:
5801:
5772:
5759:
5748:
5717:
5706:
5689:
5669:Louis the Pious
5629:
5620:
5601:
5587:
5577:
5555:
5515:
5496:
5487:
5459:
5419:
5392:
5387:
5372:
5363:
5333:
5328:
4749:(King: 882–887)
4746:Charles the Fat
4741:(King: 880–882)
4733:(King: 876–880)
4725:(King: 817–843)
4617:
4574:
4569:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4351:
4346:
4337:
4331:
4323:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4279:
4265:
4257:
4243:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4129:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3921:
3913:
3898:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3821:
3812:
3806:
3793:
3787:
3757:
3752:
3741:
3722:
3696:
3658:
3632:
3586:
3561:
3488:House of Valois
3482:
3393:
3354:Charles the Fat
3313:Pepin the Short
3298:
3289:
3165:
3164:
3135:
3132:
3102:
3097:
3068:
3049:
3030:
3008:
2984:
2965:
2832:Frederick (III)
2663:
2654:
2622:
2613:
2609:Louis the Child
2599:Charles the Fat
2573:
2564:
2559:
2529:
2524:
2506:
2273:
2268:
2227:
2210:
2201:
2193:
2176:
2159:
2150:
2124:
2109:
2103:20 January 882
2102:
2086:
2071:
2062:
2049:
2039:
2030:
2022:
2005:
1998:
1983:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1930:
1897:Reuter, Timothy
1882:. London, 1994.
1850:
1845:
1844:
1835:
1831:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1512:
1421:Louis the Blind
1354:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1323:
1311:
1300:
1214:
1094:
1088:of the region.
1046:Wilhelminer War
960:
929:duke of Spoleto
925:Guy of Camerino
858:
794:
757:, who was also
740:Duchy of Swabia
724:Duchy of Saxony
702:, an Alemannic
677:
672:
653:Carlo il Grosso
645:Charles le Gros
635:Carolus Crassus
631:
510:Charles the Fat
488:Emma of Altdorf
433:
415:
398:
385:
277:
234:
178:
158:
137:Charles the Fat
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6274:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6183:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6160:
6154:
6152:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6114:
6109:
6106:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6088:
6087:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6060:
6058:
6051:
6050:
6043:
6037:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
5993:
5988:
5978:
5976:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5945:
5937:
5931:
5926:
5912:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5891:
5889:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5846:
5844:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5831:Arnulf of Sens
5827:
5821:
5812:
5811:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5783:
5781:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5698:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5638:
5631:
5630:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5591:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5566:
5564:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5521:Charles Martel
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5498:
5497:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5445:
5438:Arnulf of Metz
5433:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5402:
5400:
5394:
5393:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5339:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5293:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5237:
5229:
5221:
5213:
5205:
5197:
5189:
5181:
5173:
5165:
5157:
5149:
5141:
5132:
5123:
5114:
5105:
5097:
5088:
5079:
5071:
5063:
5055:
5047:
5039:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4943:
4935:
4927:
4919:
4911:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4608:Bavaria-Munich
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4560:
4553:
4545:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4524:
4519:Frederick III
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4355:
4353:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4327:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4283:
4269:
4261:
4247:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4139:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3925:
3917:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3794:
3790:Kings of Italy
3788:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3643:
3641:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3574:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3399:House of Capet
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Childebert III
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3045:Franz Joseph I
3041:
3039:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2733:Lothair II/III
2730:
2725:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2203:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2152:
2143:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2104:
2091:King of Saxony
2087:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2055:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2003:
2000:
1991:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1973:Regnal titles
1970:
1969:
1967:13 January 888
1949:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1928:External links
1926:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1904:
1894:
1883:
1878:Leyser, Karl.
1876:
1865:
1854:Airlie, Stuart
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1829:
1808:
1799:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1727:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1685:
1676:
1660:
1651:
1639:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1592:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1460:Upper Burgundy
1452:Regino of Prüm
1445:Donaueschingen
1398:ordeal of fire
1386:archchancellor
1356:
1355:
1314:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1272:Pope Stephen V
1213:
1210:
1151:besieged Paris
1093:
1090:
1058:Engelschalk II
974:, defeated by
959:
956:
948:Doge of Venice
870:Pope John VIII
857:
854:
850:Count of Autun
793:
790:
676:
673:
671:
668:
660:Regino of Prüm
649:Karl der Dicke
640:Annalista Saxo
630:
627:
592:Siege of Paris
553:Pope John VIII
501:
500:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:
475:
471:
470:
465:
459:
458:
457:(illegitimate)
452:
446:
445:
439:
435:
434:
430:Lake Constance
424:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
407:
401:Donaueschingen
395:
391:
390:
387:
386:
384:
383:
377:
370:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
340:
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335:
325:
324:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
300:12 April 880,
298:
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264:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
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241:
237:
236:
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227:
226:
216:
215:
212:Guy of Spoleto
209:
205:
204:
198:
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193:
187:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
160:
159:
156:
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127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6273:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
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6222:
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6209:
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6110:
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6073:
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6030:
6015:
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6001:
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5992:
5989:
5987:
5983:
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5979:
5977:
5972:
5968:
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5957:
5953:
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5946:
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5938:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5887:
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5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5847:
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5842:
5838:
5832:
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5825:
5822:
5817:
5813:
5808:
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5797:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5755:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5702:
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5699:
5696:
5692:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5600:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5584:
5574:
5573:
5569:Nibelung I →
5568:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:Childebrand I
5558:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5360:
5355:
5353:
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5341:
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5337:
5325:
5322:
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5309:
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5297:
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5260:
5257:
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5230:
5228:
5225:
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5209:
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5104:
5101:
5098:
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5087:
5083:
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5075:
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5067:
5064:
5062:
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5056:
5054:
5051:
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5046:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:Agnes of Loon
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:(c.716–c.719)
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:(c.716–c.719)
4667:
4664:
4662:
4661:(c.716–c.719)
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4593:Lower Bavaria
4591:
4589:
4588:Upper Bavaria
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4479:Frederick II
4477:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4397:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4246:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4030:
4024:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3285:Childeric III
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Theuderic III
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3215:Childebert II
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3088:Frederick III
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:German Empire
3071:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:German Empire
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2916:Ferdinand III
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Maximilian II
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Frederick III
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2521:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Ferdinand III
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Maximilian II
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Frederick III
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2027:King of Italy
2021:
2015:
2011:
2010:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1785:MacLean, 167.
1782:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1767:MacLean, 132.
1764:
1761:
1758:MacLean, 131.
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1734:MacLean, 127.
1731:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:Chris Wickham
1664:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1557:
1549:
1548:regnal number
1545:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1349:
1341:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1315:This section
1313:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Spanish March
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:Low Countries
1139:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:rex in Gallia
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1070:Great Moravia
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:engulfed the
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
992:East Frankish
989:
985:
984:Low Countries
981:
977:
973:
964:
957:
955:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
883:
882:king of Italy
879:
875:
871:
862:
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
820:
815:
811:
807:
798:
791:
789:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:King of Italy
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
674:
669:
667:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
642:
641:
636:
628:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
499:
496:
492:
489:
486:
482:
479:
476:
472:
469:
466:
464:
460:
456:
453:
451:
447:
443:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
413:
409:
406:
402:
396:
392:
388:
381:
378:
375:
372:
371:
369:
365:
362:
359:
355:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:
283:King of Italy
280:
274:
271:
269:
268:Odo of France
266:
265:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
246:
242:
238:
232:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
186:
182:
176:
172:
169:
165:
161:
154:
149:
146:
145:
140:
135:
132:
124:
121:
113:
110:November 2023
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5951:
5861:
5794:
5769:
5598:
5589:Carolingians
5570:
5447:
5436:
5370:Carolingians
5323:
5321:Maximilian I
5315:
5307:
5299:
5290:
5282:
5274:
5266:
5258:
5250:
5242:
5234:
5226:
5218:
5210:
5202:
5194:
5186:
5178:
5170:
5162:
5154:
5146:
5138:
5129:
5120:
5111:
5102:
5094:
5085:
5076:
5068:
5060:
5052:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5004:
4996:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4948:
4940:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4745:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4455:Frederick I
4322:Berengar II
4315:
4285:
4271:
4249:
4235:
4227:Non-dynastic
4199:Charles III
4198:
4143:Charlemagne
4135:Carolingians
3928:
3798:Non-dynastic
3748:
3737:Napoleon III
3715:
3689:
3682:
3651:
3625:
3579:
3571:
3566:
3527:Charles VIII
3353:
3295:Carolingians
3280:Theuderic IV
3270:Chilperic II
3265:Dagobert III
3245:Childeric II
3240:Chlothar III
3185:Childebert I
3171:Merovingians
2921:Ferdinand IV
2911:Ferdinand II
2881:Maximilian I
2858:
2841:
2799:
2784:Henry (VIII)
2782:
2768:Frederick II
2723:Conrad (III)
2715:
2708:
2642:
2619:East Francia
2598:
2570:East Francia
2457:Ferdinand II
2427:Maximilian I
2397:Frederick II
2306:
2230:
2229:
2213:
2212:
2196:
2179:
2178:
2162:
2161:
2145:
2127:
2126:
2112:
2111:
2089:
2072:
2066:
2057:
2050:
2044:
2025:
2008:
2007:
1993:
1986:
1985:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1934:
1920:
1907:
1900:
1886:
1879:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1848:Bibliography
1837:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1811:
1802:
1797:Reuter, 119.
1781:
1772:
1763:
1730:
1709:
1700:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1658:MacLean, 70.
1654:
1633:
1628:Airlie, 129.
1624:
1615:
1604:
1595:
1576:
1566:
1540:West Francia
1530:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1484:
1467:
1449:
1424:
1415:and wife of
1406:
1375:
1365:
1344:
1335:
1324:Please help
1319:verification
1316:
1280:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1237:
1215:
1201:
1197:
1171:
1140:
1126:
1112:
1109:
1101:
1085:
1081:
1043:
996:
969:
941:
918:
905:
887:
878:Papal States
867:
834:West Francia
823:
818:
803:
785:
775:
767:West Francia
752:
697:
678:
663:
657:
652:
648:
644:
638:
634:
632:
607:East Francia
596:
581:
573:West Francia
545:East Francia
538:
509:
505:
504:
243:20 May 885,
235:November 887
179:November 887
142:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5991:Carloman II
5758:Carolingian
5645:Charlemagne
5572:Nibelungids
5405:Carloman →
5324:(1597–1623)
5316:(1579–1597)
5308:(1550–1579)
5300:(1516–1545)
5176:William III
5112:(1347–1365)
4981:(1231–1253)
4973:(1183–1231)
4957:(1180–1183)
4949:(1156–1180)
4941:(1143–1156)
4933:(1139–1141)
4925:(1126–1138)
4917:(1120–1126)
4909:(1101–1120)
4901:(1077–1096)
4885:(1061–1070)
4877:(1054–1055)
4861:(1049–1053)
4853:(1042–1047)
4845:(1026–1042)
4714:Tassilo III
4653:(c.680–716)
4642:Garibald II
4529:(1530–1556)
4521:(1452–1493)
4513:(1431–1437)
4505:(1355–1378)
4503:Charles IV
4497:(1327–1347)
4489:(1311–1313)
4481:(1212–1250)
4473:(1209–1212)
4465:(1186–1197)
4457:(1154–1186)
4449:(1138–1152)
4447:Conrad III
4441:(1125–1137)
4433:(1106–1125)
4425:(1093–1101)
4417:(1056–1105)
4409:(1039–1056)
4401:(1026–1039)
4393:(1004–1024)
4385:(1002–1014)
4308:Lothair II
4242:Berengar I
4237:Unruochings
4183:Charles II
4122:Desiderius
4098:Hildeprand
4074:Aripert II
3929:Interregnum
3730:(1852–1870)
3704:(1830–1848)
3673:Louis XVIII
3653:Napoleon II
3594:(1589–1792)
3572:(1422–1453)
3517:Charles VII
3490:(1328–1589)
3364:Charles III
3349:Carloman II
3325:(Charles I)
3323:Charlemagne
3275:Chlothar IV
3230:Sigebert II
3220:Chlothar II
3205:Chilperic I
3195:Charibert I
3076:(1871–1918)
3057:(1867–1871)
3038:(1850–1866)
3016:(1848/1849)
3004:Ferdinand I
2992:(1815–1848)
2973:(1806–1813)
2941:Charles VII
2891:Ferdinand I
2773:Henry (VII)
2748:Frederick I
2482:Charles VII
2437:Ferdinand I
2382:Frederick I
2377:Lothair III
2307:Charles III
2282:Charlemagne
2191:Carloman II
2099:Lotharingia
1725:Smith, 192.
1637:Reuter, 72.
1619:MacLean, 2.
1187:Breton duke
1068:, ruler of
1066:Svatopluk I
902:Charlemagne
830:Carloman II
814:Lotharingia
748:Lotharingia
742:along with
708:Lotharingia
611:Lotharingia
569:Carloman II
530:Charlemagne
506:Charles III
468:Carolingian
399:Neudingen (
347:Predecessor
308:Predecessor
255:Carloman II
251:Predecessor
197:Predecessor
6196:888 deaths
6191:839 births
6185:Categories
6125:Lothair IV
6101:Lothair IV
6046:Robertians
5962:→ Adalbert
5934:Zwentibold
5868:Lothair II
5502:Grimoald I
5455:, his sons
5425:Arnulfings
5411:Grimoald I
5240:Albert III
5160:Jacqueline
5152:William II
5117:Stephen II
5100:Meinhard I
4994:Henry XIII
4898:Henry VIII
4866:Henry VIII
4674:Tassilo II
4626:Garibald I
4527:Charles V
4511:Sigismund
4487:Henry VII
4423:Conrad II
4407:Henry III
4399:Conrad II
4377:(996–1002)
4352:(962–1556)
4167:Lothair I
4090:Liutprand
4066:Raginpert
4026:Perctarit
4002:Perctarit
3986:Aripert I
3851:Theodahad
3843:Athalaric
3835:Theodoric
3827:Ostrogoths
3647:Napoleon I
3627:Louis XVII
3606:Louis XIII
3552:Charles IX
3547:Francis II
3512:Charles VI
3478:Charles IV
3453:Philip III
3443:Louis VIII
3408:Hugh Capet
3401:(987–1328)
3334:Charles II
3318:Carloman I
3300:Robertians
3225:Dagobert I
3210:Sigebert I
3190:Chlothar I
3093:William II
2980:Napoleon I
2961:Francis II
2956:Leopold II
2936:Charles VI
2849:Wenceslaus
2837:Charles IV
2743:Henry (VI)
2738:Conrad III
2667:(962–1806)
2662:within the
2572:during the
2502:Francis II
2497:Leopold II
2477:Charles VI
2447:Rudolph II
2412:Charles IV
2302:Charles II
2052:Charles II
2037:Berengar I
1601:"Karl III"
1558:References
1338:March 2024
1276:Waiblingen
1163:Montmartre
651:, Italian
613:, and the
322:Berengar I
297:Coronation
240:Coronation
201:Charles II
185:Coronation
80:newspapers
5986:Louis III
5936:→ Godfrey
5854:Ermengard
5841:Lothair I
5686:Theoderic
5635:Pepin III
5535:Pepin III
5511:Theudoald
5449:Ansegisel
5398:Pippinids
5256:Sigismund
5144:Albert II
5126:William I
5058:Henry XIV
5034:Rudolph I
5010:Stephen I
5002:Louis III
4930:Leopold I
4874:Conrad II
4850:Henry VII
4821:(983–985)
4813:(976–982)
4797:(947–955)
4789:(938–947)
4781:(937–938)
4773:(907–937)
4717:(748–788)
4701:(736–748)
4693:(725–736)
4685:(715–725)
4658:Theodbert
4645:(610–625)
4637:(591–610)
4634:Tassilo I
4629:(555–591)
4495:Louis IV
4463:Henry VI
4415:Henry IV
4391:Henry II
4383:Arduin I
4375:Otto III
4369:(980–983)
4361:(962–973)
4332:(950–963)
4330:Adalbert
4324:(950–963)
4317:Anscarids
4310:(945–950)
4302:(926–947)
4294:(900–905)
4292:Louis II
4280:(922–933)
4266:(891–897)
4258:(889–894)
4251:Guideschi
4244:(887–924)
4209:(896–899)
4201:(879–887)
4193:(877–879)
4191:Carloman
4185:(875–877)
4177:(855–875)
4169:(818–855)
4161:(810–818)
4153:(781–810)
4145:(774–814)
4124:(756–774)
4116:(749–756)
4108:(744–749)
4092:(712–744)
4082:Ansprand
4076:(702–712)
4060:(700–702)
4058:Liutpert
4052:(689–700)
4050:Cunipert
4036:(688–689)
4034:Cunipert
4028:(671–688)
4018:Garibald
4012:(662–671)
4010:Grimoald
4004:(661–662)
3996:(661–662)
3994:Godepert
3988:(653–661)
3980:(652–653)
3972:(636-652)
3964:(626–636)
3956:(616–626)
3954:Adaloald
3948:(590–616)
3940:(584–590)
3932:(574–584)
3922:(572–574)
3914:(568–572)
3893:(552–553)
3885:(541–552)
3869:(540–541)
3861:(536–540)
3853:(534–536)
3845:(526–534)
3837:(493–526)
3807:(476–493)
3684:Louis XIX
3678:Charles X
3621:Louis XVI
3611:Louis XIV
3557:Henry III
3537:Francis I
3532:Louis XII
3507:Charles V
3497:Philip VI
3458:Philip IV
3438:Philip II
3433:Louis VII
3413:Robert II
3344:Louis III
3306:(751–987)
3255:Clovis IV
3235:Clovis II
3173:(509–751)
3083:William I
3064:William I
2999:Francis I
2951:Joseph II
2946:Francis I
2926:Leopold I
2901:Rudolf II
2886:Charles V
2871:Albert II
2866:Sigismund
2822:Henry VII
2778:Conrad IV
2699:Henry III
2694:Conrad II
2626:(919–962)
2621:(911–919)
2577:(843–911)
2492:Joseph II
2487:Francis I
2467:Leopold I
2432:Charles V
2417:Sigismund
2402:Henry VII
2362:Henry III
2357:Conrad II
2327:Louis III
2292:Lothair I
1858:Chronicle
1544:Charles V
1488:Reichenau
1476:Ranulf II
1472:Aquitaine
1441:Naudingen
1429:Frankfurt
994:kingdom.
933:Nonantula
914:Alemannia
736:Alemannia
670:Biography
647:, German
541:Alamannia
382:(876–882)
380:Louis III
376:(876–880)
367:Co-rulers
357:Successor
333:Alemannia
318:Successor
261:Successor
224:Aquitaine
208:Successor
6092:Louis IV
6064:Louis IV
6004:Carloman
5944:→ Louis
5916:Carloman
5895:Pepin II
5863:Bosonids
5741:Adalhard
5695:Carloman
5607:Carloman
5552:Remigius
5530:Carloman
5453:Pepin II
5135:Albert I
5108:Louis VI
5074:Louis IV
5018:Otto III
4858:Conrad I
4842:Henry VI
4826:Henry IV
4786:Berthold
4778:Eberhard
4762:Luitpold
4754:Engeldeo
4730:Carloman
4682:Grimoald
4666:Theobald
4471:Otto IV
4431:Henry V
4367:Otto II
4287:Bosonids
4278:Rudolph
4264:Lambert
4175:Louis I
4159:Bernard
4114:Aistulf
4106:Ratchis
3978:Rodoald
3970:Rothari
3962:Arioald
3946:Agilulf
3938:Authari
3904:Lombards
3867:Ildibad
3859:Vitiges
3805:Odoacer
3616:Louis XV
3601:Henry IV
3542:Henry II
3522:Louis XI
3473:Philip V
3448:Louis IX
3428:Louis VI
3423:Philip I
3379:Louis IV
3369:Robert I
3339:Louis II
3304:Bosonids
3180:Clovis I
2931:Joseph I
2906:Matthias
2827:Louis IV
2817:Albert I
2807:Rudolf I
2753:Henry VI
2704:Henry IV
2689:Henry II
2684:Otto III
2633:Conrad I
2589:Carloman
2520:Category
2472:Joseph I
2452:Matthias
2407:Louis IV
2387:Henry VI
2367:Henry IV
2352:Henry II
2347:Otto III
2332:Berengar
2297:Louis II
2202:884–888
2063:881–888
2031:879–887
1981:Louis II
1670:(1981),
1587:23408518
1510:See also
1437:Alemanni
1425:imperium
1390:Liutward
1378:Berengar
1234:river Po
1218:Richgard
1179:Neustria
1167:Burgundy
1119:Brittany
1074:Kaumberg
1060:against
937:Berengar
890:Sélestat
842:Provence
786:Germania
776:In 876,
730:and the
712:Carloman
683:, first
623:Napoleon
584:epilepsy
494:Religion
478:Louis II
444:(m. 862)
374:Carloman
351:Louis II
312:Carloman
6167:Charles
6134:Louis V
6105:Charles
6035:Francia
6016:Charles
5956:Bernard
5886:Pepin I
5876:Charles
5787:Bernard
5745:Bernhar
5727:Bernard
5673:Lothair
5545:Bernard
5481:Godfrey
5407:Pepin I
5298:, Duke
5296:Louis X
5248:John IV
5200:John II
5050:Otto VI
5026:Matilda
4970:Louis I
4922:Henry X
4906:Welf II
4834:Henry V
4794:Henry I
4690:Hugbert
4359:Otto I
4345:within
4215:Ratold
4207:Arnulf
4042:Alahis
3912:Alboin
3883:Totila
3875:Eraric
3749:italics
3691:Henry V
3502:John II
3463:Louis X
3418:Henry I
3389:Louis V
3384:Lothair
3374:Rudolph
3329:Louis I
3200:Guntram
2843:Günther
2801:Alfonso
2795:Richard
2790:William
2763:Otto IV
2728:Henry V
2717:Hermann
2679:Otto II
2638:Henry I
2392:Otto IV
2372:Henry V
2342:Otto II
2317:Lambert
2287:Louis I
2138:Bavaria
2123:Himself
2108:Himself
2095:Bavaria
2004:Himself
1916:, 1992.
1893:: 2003.
1875:, 1968.
1704:Reuter.
1464:Rudolph
1287:Kirchen
1222:Bernard
1202:Karolus
1133:in the
1052:(later
1019:Sigfred
1015:Godfrid
978:at the
921:Ravenna
744:Rhaetia
565:Bavaria
463:Dynasty
455:Bernard
302:Ravenna
166:of the
164:Emperor
94:scholar
6151:, sons
6139:Arnulf
6127:, sons
6094:, sons
6074:Rorico
6068:Arnulf
6057:, sons
5960:Ratold
5929:Ratold
5920:Arnulf
5843:, sons
5760:Empire
5729:, sons
5647:, sons
5637:, sons
5549:Jerome
5523:, sons
5473:Arnulf
5467:, sons
5184:Ernest
5082:Otto V
4890:Welf I
4810:Otto I
4770:Arnulf
4650:Theodo
4151:Pepin
3920:Cleph
3468:John I
2854:Rupert
2758:Philip
2710:Rudolf
2674:Otto I
2650:Otto I
2644:Arnulf
2604:Arnulf
2337:Otto I
2322:Arnulf
2136:, and
2134:Saxony
2067:Vacant
2045:Vacant
1963:
1585:
1581:: 79.
1462:, one
1268:proles
1190:Alan I
1183:Nantes
1135:Vosges
1035:Lobith
1005:, and
894:Alsace
819:Italia
687:, and
588:Viking
561:Saxony
534:Franks
484:Mother
474:Father
438:Spouse
421:Burial
361:Arnulf
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
6163:Louis
6116:Henry
6108:Louis
6071:Drogo
6013:Pepin
6010:Drogo
5888:, son
5780:, son
5778:Pepin
5714:Pepin
5703:Pepin
5697:, son
5677:Drogo
5664:Pepin
5616:Drogo
5609:, son
5586:Early
5563:, son
5540:Grifo
5504:, son
5484:Pepin
5465:Drogo
5389:Begga
4709:(748)
4706:Grifo
4698:Odilo
4300:Hugh
4273:Welfs
4217:(896)
4100:(744)
4084:(712)
4068:(701)
4044:(689)
4020:(671)
3891:Teia
3877:(541)
2860:Jobst
2812:Adolf
1965:Died:
1958:Born:
1583:JSTOR
1542:) by
1522:Notes
1230:Worms
1206:Redon
1159:Rollo
1147:Seine
1131:Grand
1125:, as
1086:duces
1033:near
1031:Spijk
999:Worms
738:(the
704:march
689:Hemma
526:Hemma
450:Issue
339:Reign
289:Reign
245:Grand
230:Reign
214:(891)
203:(877)
174:Reign
101:JSTOR
87:books
6158:Otto
6033:West
5975:sons
5948:Hugh
5939:Otto
5909:sons
5872:Hugh
5820:sons
5736:Wala
5682:Hugh
5368:and
4347:the
4256:Guy
3302:and
2097:and
1466:, a
1039:Prüm
1017:and
828:and
782:Ries
693:Welf
599:coup
563:and
524:and
411:Died
394:Born
331:and
222:and
191:Rome
73:news
5137:,
5128:,
5119:,
5110:,
5093:,
5084:,
3359:Odo
2312:Guy
2208:Odo
2128:as
2074:Guy
1960:839
1468:dux
1328:by
1198:rex
1082:dux
952:lbs
908:of
892:in
765:of
666:).
655:).
403:),
397:839
56:by
6187::
5984:→
5954:→
5922:→
5918:→
5870:→
5860:→
5856:→
5852:→
5793:→
5789:→
5451:→
5440:→
5413:→
5409:→
4320::
4290::
4276::
4254::
4240::
2132:,
2093:,
1899:.
1889:.
1871:.
1790:^
1751:^
1739:^
1718:^
1688:^
1642:^
1603:.
1575:.
1474:,
1392:,
1388:,
1380:,
1258::
1250:.
1041:.
946:,
848:,
625:.
609:,
579:.
536:.
428:,
5973:,
5907:,
5818:,
5358:e
5351:t
5344:v
4564:e
4557:t
4550:v
3782:e
3775:t
3768:v
3751:.
3297:,
3127:e
3120:t
3113:v
2554:e
2547:t
2540:v
2263:e
2256:t
2249:v
1609:.
1589:.
1550:.
1443:(
1368:(
1351:)
1345:(
1340:)
1336:(
1322:.
559:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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