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establishment of schools. These reforms were implemented thanks to the initiative of his
Minister Mansi during the duke's absence. Charles disappointed his subjects who had hoped for a return to the constitution of 1805 and the hopes of Liberals in his duchy shifted to his only son and heir. He tried to copy in Lucca things he saw made abroad regardless if the conditions in the duchy were favorable. His love for traveling created many difficulties in governing and he often signed decrees according to his state of mind at the moment without any real knowledge of the issues. The actual power rested in his minister Mansi. It was said that while Charles Louis was the Duke, Mansi was king. Aware that Lucca was headed to be annexed by Tuscany, Mansi aligned his policies with those of Florence, which was resented by Charles Louis. However his weakness and his restless character did not allow Charles to escape the oppressive relations of protection and control exerted upon Lucca by the courts of Austria, Tuscany and Modena. He was viewed with suspicion by both
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which
Charles Louis took the initiative more, but his court drew adventures from different nationalities and Lucca became a haven for liberals fugitives from other states. Some of them were unscrupulous adventures of dubious reputation. He chose Antonio Mazzarosa, an eminent man, as presidency of the Council of State, but under Austrian pressure, he appointed Fabrizio Ostuni as Foreign Minister representing him at the Austrian court. Ostuni tenure lasted only three years (1840–1843) and coincided with a period of increasing financial distress. The economy of the duchy was in decline since 1830 and deteriorated further with the years. In 1841, the paintings of the Palatine Gallery had to be sold. The irregularities committed by Ostuni were discovered and denounced by Charles Louis' new right-hand man, Thomas Ward.
882:. On 1 September 1847, alarmed at the sight of a crowd that wanted to submit some reforms, he signed a series of concessions. Three days later, under pressure from many citizens, he returned to Lucca, where he was welcomed triumphantly. However he was unable to cope with the pressure and on 9 September he left for Modena. From there, he issued a decree that converted the Council of State in a Council of Regency. On 4 October he abdicated in favor of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who would in any case have taken the duchy when Charles Louis became Duke of Parma, meanwhile he was to receive a monthly economical compensation. Thomas Ward arranged the premature handover; in a letter Charles told him "I can't describe to you how I feel and what a sacrifice I have made". He left for
878:. The treaty of Florence remained a secret for nearly three years, but once it became known it contributed to Charles Louis growing unpopularity both in Lucca and in Parma. Need for money led the Duke, on the advice of Ward, who became Minister of Finance, to claim tax credits for titles dating back thirty years. All these resulted in general dissatisfaction. A liberal movement began to grow in Lucca where in 1847 there was a series of demonstrations, culminating in July in a full-scale riot. At first Charles Louis tried to assert his authority, but the continuous unrest forced him to take refuge in the Villa of San Martino in
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faced with the dilemma of whether to accept or refuse the Duchy of Parma. Initially he was tempted to evade the new responsibilities that fell upon his shoulders, but ended up accepting it, so as not to compromise the rights of his son. On 31 December 1847, Charles Louis arrived in Parma and took possession of the throne of his ancestors with the name of
Charles (Carlo) II. The Duchy of Lucca was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, while Parma lost
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a wide range of interests, yet his fickle nature drawn him from his early youth to many different branches of knowledge, from medicine to music (he composed sacred music), to foreign languages. He was particularly oriented to humanities. Biblical and liturgical studies captured his interest. His ideology was influenced by the enlightening and romanticism of the period that followed the restoration of the
European peace after the end of the Napoleonic wars.
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413:. He had little interest in ruling. He left the duchy in the hands of his ministers and spent most of his time traveling around Europe. A liberal movement led him to abdicate Lucca in favor of the Grand Duke of Tuscany in October 1847 in exchange for financial compensation, as he wanted to retire to private life. Two months later, in December 1847, at the death of the former
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850:. He visited her, but commented that her weak intellect and lack of sensitivity "would enable her to live a century". Charles Louis admired female beauty, but was believed to be homosexual. While in his Duchy, Charles was really little in his capital preferring to stay in the country in Marlia. In 1845 his son married princess
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free to follow his own political ideas. He wrote to Ward. "It is better to die than to live like this. During the day, and when I am alone and can weep I weep. But that does not help." He lacked the support of his cousins in Madrid and in Paris, even though he went in 1852 to Spain to recognize his cousin
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On 13 March 1824 Charles Louis' mother died and he succeeded her as the Duke of Lucca. Aged twenty-five, he inherited a small but well kept duchy. However he showed a lack of interest in ruling. The turbulent episodes of his early life had affected him badly. In his own words "The stormy nature of my
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In
December 1817, weeks before his eighteenth birthday, Charles Louis made his entry in Lucca with his mother. Due to the vicissitudes of the early years of his life he had not received a formal political education, but through self-teaching he acquired a vast knowledge. He was a Renaissance man with
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As crown prince, he found himself subjected to continuous monitoring by his mother. Restless as he was, he clashed with his conservative mother who, in her later years, turned increasingly to religion. He also disliked her absolutist form of governing. However, from his mother, he inherited the love
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in August 1811. Charles Louis did not share his mother and sister's imprisonment. He was given in custody to his grandfather
Charles IV, the deposed King of Spain. For the next four years, (1811–1815), Charles Louis lived under the care of his grandfather in the household of the exiled Spanish royal
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Always short of money, he sold his
Austrian estate of Urschendorff to his friend Thomas Ward. In 1852 he went to Spain to recognize his cousin Isabella II as rightful queen. He began to return to Lucca where its citizen still had some sympathy for their former ruler despite his sale of the city. He
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Charles Louis wandered from Modena to his German estates. Released from the burdens of government, he aspired to enjoy life as a free man dedicating his time to travel and study. However he soon received news that Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, was gravely ill. She died on 17 December 1847. He was
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After his father's death, Charles Louis, who was only three years old, succeeded him as King
Charles Louis I of Etruria. He was under the regency of his mother Maria Luisa. In 1807, Napoleon dissolved the kingdom and had Charles Louis and his mother brought to France. Charles Louis was promised the
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Charles II was coldly received in Parma, a country and people he did not know well. He lacked the character and political acumen to be able to overcome a situation far more complicated than the one he had left behind in the much smaller Duchy of Lucca. Parma was dominated by
Austria and he was not
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where he contracted debts. In 1837 he authorized the opening of a casino in Pieve Santo
Stefano. The same year he promoted a reform of the State Council and the Council of Ministers. In 1840, while he was staying in Rome, his minister Ascanio Mansi died. Mansi's death heralded a new period during
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between Napoleon and the Spanish Bourbons in 1808. Charles Louis, his mother and sister looked for refuge in Spain, arriving at the court of Charles IV on 19 February 1808. Spain was in unrest, and less than three months after their arrival, all members of the Spanish Royal family were taken to
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Charles Louis was initially uninterested in government, preferring to give free rein to his love for traveling. During the first few years of his reign he was largely absent from the duchy, leaving its government to his ministers led by Ascanio Mansi. From 1824 to 1827 Charles Louis traveled
478:. They had married in 1795 when the Hereditary Prince of Parma came to Madrid in search of a wife. The couple remained in Spain for the first years of their married life. It was for this reason that Charles Louis was born in Madrid at his maternal grandfather's court and he was included in
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Charles Louis made a number of administrative and financial reforms that were popular. Between 1824 and 1829, some measures were taken relating to duties; to a certain freedom of trade; tax cuts, at the Land Registry. He gave especial encouragement to education and medicine, favoring the
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occupied Parma and Piacenza. Charles II hastened to reassert its rights over the Duchy. He took control of the government under Austrian protection. Satisfied with securing the Duchy of Parma for his family, Charles presented his final resignation on 14 March 1849 at Weistropp in
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Under pressure by Austria, Charles Louis agreed on some territorial adjustments that were detrimental to his future inheritance in Parma. By the treaty of Florence, on 28 November 1844, between Charles Louis and the dukes of Tuscany and Modena, he had to give up his claim to the
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throughout Italy. He visited Rome and the courts of Naples and Modena often, he was less keen in staying with his in laws at the Piedmont Court which he disliked due to its austerity. From 1827 to 1833 he traveled thorough Germany where he owned two castles:
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His reign in Parma as Duke Charles II was brief. He was ill-received by his new subjects and within a few months he was ousted by a revolution. He regained control of Parma under the protection of Austrian troops, but finally abdicated in favor of his son
1041:. His wife, Maria Theresa, who lived in complete retirement as a nun in villa San Martino in Lucca died on 16 July 1879. Charles Louis was in Vienna at the time and only in October came to pay respect to her remains. His great granddaughter
800:, a former English jockey, arrived in Lucca and in few years he became Charles Louis' adviser and minister. Charles Louis studied and collected biblical and liturgical texts and was interested in different religious rituals. He had built a
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In the early 1830s Charles Louis began to take an increased interest in state affairs. His duchy was not affected by the revolutionary movements that ran across central Italy in 1831. In foreign relations, he refused to recognize King
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In 1833, after staying away for three years, Charles Louis returned to Lucca and granted a general amnesty. This was in stark contrast to the attitude of others Italian states that opted for repression and imprisonment. The same year
672:. The wedding took place in Lucca on 5 September 1820. Maria Theresa, who turned seventeen two weeks after the wedding, was tall and beautiful. They were said to be the most handsome royal couple. They had two children:
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After his abdication Charles Louis assumed the title of Count of Villafranca. Living as a private man, he dedicated his time to hobbies, alternating his stays between Paris, Nice and the castle of Weistropp in Saxony.
962:. On 9 April the regency transformed into a provisional government. Only four months after regaining the throne of his ancestors, Charles II was forced to flee from Italy, finding refuge in the castle of Weistropp in
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of the Spanish Bourbons for the pomp of a royal court. The relationship between mother and son turned sour with the years. He later complained that his mother had "ruined him physically, morally and financially".
648:, which was given to Charles Louis's mother, with Charles Louis as her heir, bearing the title Prince of Lucca. He was also promised the right of succession to Parma upon Empress Marie Louise's death.
1045:, later Crown Princess of Saxony, described him in her memoirs: "My maternal great grandfather, Duke Charles of Parma and Lucca was one of the most amusing and original men. He had estates in
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life, my inexperience, my good faith have unfortunate resulted in a complete lack of faith in myself and a diffidence, often involuntary but none the less inevitable towards, others."
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Charles Louis survived his wife for less than three years. He died at Nice on 16 April 1883, age 83. He was buried at the large property at Viareggio belonging to the Parma family.
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I shall be a Mohammedan; In fact wherever I go I always adopt, for the time being, the religion of the country, as it keeps me so much more in tone with the local color scheme.'"
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After Napoleon's fall, in 1817, Infanta Maria Luisa became Duchess of Lucca in her own right and Charles Louis, age sixteen, became hereditary Prince of Lucca. In 1820 he married
693:. They were a mismatched couple who lived most of their married life apart from each other. "Even if there was no love", Charles Louis later commented, "there was respect".
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In his first acts of government, he tried to organize the central administration. He also signed a military alliance with Austria. A few months after his arrival, the 1848
437:, the last reigning Duke of Parma, was deposed in 1860. In exile Charles Louis assumed the title of count of Villafranca. He spent the last years of his life mostly in
3300:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
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After 1860 Charles Louis was able to come to Italy more freely. He visited Lucca with increasing frequency staying in the Villas of Montignoso and San Martino in
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380:. Charles moved to Italy with his parents and in 1803, not yet four years old, he succeeded his father as King of Etruria under the name Louis II.
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After 1833, Charles Louis, chronically short of money, stayed abroad less frequently. In 1836 he returned to Vienna and in 1838, after being in
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broke out in Parma. He was forced to choose between suppressing the revolution or granting reforms. He decided for the latter and appointed a
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Charles Louis was witty, charming and of a gregarious nature. Maria Theresa was melancholic and, unlike her husband, she was a deeply devout
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in Parma and a substantial allowance, but Napoleon did not keep his word and Charles Louis with his mother and sister were held captive in
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chapel at his villa in Marlia, and he also flirted with Protestantism, which was viewed unfavourably by other Catholic courts.
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1018:, age 31, was assassinated on 27 March 1854. In 1854 Charles Louis moved to Paris. In 1856 he visited his son's tomb in
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with the task of preparing a constitution. His intention was to save the throne for his son who asked for help from
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Charles Louis rarely saw his wife, who after 1840 retired from public life and lived in religious seclusion in
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had lost his throne in the 1830 revolution. He was a virtually prisoner in the palace and wanted to abdicate.
738:). He enjoyed life at the Austrian court, where his sister in law was Empress. While in Vienna he rented the
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On 21 April 1801 Charles Louis left Spain with his parents. After a short visit to Napoleon in
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Coins of Charles Louis king of Etruria and his mother Queen Maria Luisa : 10 lire (1803).
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was not restored to the Duchy of Parma, which was instead given to Napoleon's wife, the
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France on Napoleon's orders, while Napoleon gave the Spanish crown to his brother
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dissolved the kingdom of Etruria and Charles Louis and his mother took refuge in
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who was interested in conquering the Italian states. French troops invaded the
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Mateos Sainz de Medrano. Ricardo. "Changing Thrones: Duke Carlo II of Parma".
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608:, the residence which had been assigned to them. Maria Luisa was promised the
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2220:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 934–935.
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In December 1802 the royal family of Etruria returned to Florence, but King
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had made King of Etruria in compensation for giving up his right to Parma.
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was allowed to attend a family reunion held at Pianore in April 1853.
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the Austrian army decisively defeated the troops of Charles Albert at
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Charles Louis left Spain with his mother and sister on 2 May 1808 for
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on 14 March 1849. His son was assassinated in 1854 and his grandson
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Charles Louis's early life was over-shadowed by the actions of
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Lo sconcertante duca di Lucca: Carlo Ludovico di Borbone Parma
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and was frequently ill, died few months later on 27 May 1803.
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and the only sister of the French legitimate pretender,
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consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
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Coat of arms as Louis II of Etruria, Infante of Spain
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Coat of arms as Charles II of Parma Infante of Spain
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668:(1803–1879), one of the twin daughters of King
679:Francesca (29 October 1821 – 8 September 1823)
387:while Charles Louis' minority lasted. In 1807
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27:Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1847 to 1849
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349:(1824–1847; reigned as Charles Louis), and
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46:Charles II, future Duke of Parma, c. 1824
3592:Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain
2290:. Dizionario biografico degli Parmigiani
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337:; 22 December 1799 – 16 April 1883) was
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632:After Napoleon's downfall in 1815, the
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2436:Dizionario biografico degli Parmigiani
2318:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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2389:Changing Thrones: Duke Carlo of Parma
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1002:Charles II, Duke of Parma circa 1860
484:portrait of the family of Charles IV
353:(1847–1849; reigned as Charles II).
284:Carlo Ludovico Ferdinando di Borbone
243:
3867:Nobility from the Republic of Lucca
3577:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
3396:Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias
3391:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias
2871:Felix, Prince Consort of Luxembourg
2703:Odoardo, Hereditary Prince of Parma
2211:"Charles II. (Duke of Parma)"
931:as the legitimate Queen. In France
417:, he succeeded her as the reigning
906:Charles Louis in the habit of the
644:compensated the Bourbons with the
25:
3730:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
3679:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
3638:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
3628:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
971:First Italian War of Independence
886:while his family went to live in
685:(14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854)
596:Portrait of a young Charles Louis
3761:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
3735:Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
3720:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
3684:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans
3597:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
3490:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria
1639:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
1163:Duke of Lucca and Knight of the
1071:Heraldry of Charles II of Parma
1022:and saw his wife. His grandson,
838:, he went to France and then to
99:13 March 1824 – 17 December 1847
3582:Infante Juan, Count of Montizón
3541:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
3474:Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
2956:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
762:, who had come to power in the
235:
3892:People from the Duchy of Lucca
3715:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia
3643:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid
3500:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies
2913:Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
1581:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1519:Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
513:, as heir to his father, whom
458:Charles Louis was born at the
404:Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy
364:. Born at the Royal Palace of
125:17 December 1847 – 17 May 1849
63:27 May 1803 – 10 December 1807
1:
3872:Princes of Parma and Piacenza
3806:title granted by Royal Decree
3689:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
1913:Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
1487:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1043:Archduchess Louise of Tuscany
890:under the protection of King
852:Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois
670:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
574:Kingdom of Northern Lusitania
486:, in the arms of his mother.
472:Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain
319:Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
3674:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria
3334:Fernando, Prince of Asturias
2951:Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi
2946:Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma
2830:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
628:The Kingdom of Etruria. 1803
362:Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain
3842:19th-century dukes of Parma
3710:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias
2408:. Barcelona: Planeta, 1994.
3908:
3546:Infante Francisco de Paula
3329:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
2903:Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma
2809:Charles III, Duke of Parma
2761:Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma
2682:Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma
2447:Charles II, Duke of Parma
2103:Louise Élisabeth of France
2049:
1930:
1922:
1802:
1684:
1680:
1554:
1438:
1430:
1363:Louise Élisabeth of France
1310:
1204:
1200:
958:and Charles Albert wanted
954:had already asked to join
892:Charles Albert of Sardinia
870:and the lands east of the
683:Charles III, Duke of Parma
497:in 1796. In 1801, for the
266:Charles III, Duke of Parma
115:Duke of Parma and Piacenza
3801:
3653:Carlos III, Duke of Parma
3520:Fernando I, Duke of Parma
3339:Diego, Prince of Asturias
3294:
3247:
3192:
3047:
2983:
2793:Charles II, Duke of Parma
2645:Ranuccio I, Duke of Parma
2548:
2538:
2530:
2518:
2510:
2503:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2445:
2121:
2113:
2084:
2061:
2057:
2021:
1998:
1990:
1961:
1938:
1934:
1894:
1872:
1864:
1836:
1814:
1810:
1774:
1751:
1743:
1715:
1692:
1688:
1665:Charles II, Duke of Parma
1646:
1624:
1616:
1588:
1566:
1562:
1526:
1504:
1496:
1468:
1461:Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
1446:
1442:
1402:
1380:
1372:
1344:
1322:
1318:
1282:
1260:
1252:
1224:
1208:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1070:
778:and with the legitimate (
728:Sankt Egyden am Steinfeld
532:, the former home of the
474:, was a daughter of King
464:Louis, Prince of Piacenza
358:Louis, Prince of Piacenza
283:
274:
39:
3882:Princes of Bourbon-Parma
3694:Roberto I, Duke of Parma
3607:Carlos II, Duke of Parma
3515:Infante Francisco Javier
2898:Robert II, Duke of Parma
2708:Francesco, Duke of Parma
2629:Alexander, Duke of Parma
1887:Maria Josepha of Austria
1607:Maria Theresa of Austria
1301:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
821:Louis Philippe of France
760:Louis Philippe of France
742:. He also spent time in
542:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
528:taking residence in the
468:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
309:Louis I, King of Etruria
205:Cappella della Macchia,
3510:Infante Antonio Pascual
3469:Felipe I, Duke of Parma
2825:Robert I, Duke of Parma
2650:Cardinal-Prince Odoardo
2534:Marie Louise of Austria
2217:Encyclopædia Britannica
1545:Maria Amalia of Austria
990:abdicating on his son.
948:Charles Albert of Savoy
792:was his first cousin).
610:Ducal Palace of Colorno
501:, Charles Louis became
356:He was the only son of
341:(1803–1807; reigned as
3877:Monarchs who abdicated
3847:House of Bourbon-Parma
3249:* denotes titular Duke
3054:
2713:Antonio, Duke of Parma
2666:Odoardo, Duke of Parma
2603:Ottavio, Duke of Parma
2420:Royalty History Digest
1855:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1829:Augustus III of Poland
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1003:
911:
834:for the coronation of
815:
714:
629:
597:
568:
511:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
460:Royal Palace of Madrid
378:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
334:
167:Royal Palace of Madrid
3633:Infante Luis Fernando
3053:
2866:Xavier, Duke of Parma
2851:Joseph, Duke of Parma
2422:3, no. 1 (July 1993).
2415:. Lucca: Fazzi, 1986.
2411:Lucarelli, Giuliano.
1980:Philip, Duke of Parma
1243:Philip, Duke of Parma
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1001:
905:
860:the Count of Chambord
812:Maria Teresa of Savoy
810:
704:
666:Maria Teresa of Savoy
627:
595:
566:
505:of the newly created
224:Maria Teresa of Savoy
3454:Infante Felipe Pedro
2990:prince of Luxembourg
2856:Elias, Duke of Parma
2846:Henry, Duke of Parma
2514:Maria Luisa of Spain
2457:Cadet branch of the
2300:on 27 September 2007
2288:Carlo II di Borbone
2040:Maria Luisa of Parma
1734:Charles III of Spain
1028:Louise Marie Thérèse
854:, a daughter of the
790:Miguel I of Portugal
638:Empress Marie Louise
551:, who suffered from
415:Empress Marie Louise
242:; died
82:Maria Luisa of Spain
3857:Knights of Santiago
2523:, as Charles Louis
2427:Carlo II di Borbone
1793:Charles IV of Spain
1032:Italian unification
476:Charles IV of Spain
370:Charles IV of Spain
18:Charles II of Parma
3055:
2777:Louis I of Etruria
2387:Sainz de Medrano,
2352:Sainz de Medrano,
2273:Sainz de Medrano,
2239:Sainz de Medrano,
2076:Louis XV of France
1421:Louis I of Etruria
1337:Louis XV of France
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1078:Kingdom of Etruria
1004:
912:
868:Duchy of Guastalla
816:
715:
642:Congress of Vienna
630:
598:
569:
507:Kingdom of Etruria
499:Treaty of Aranjuez
491:Napoleon Bonaparte
466:, son and heir of
445:on 16 April 1883.
423:Congress of Vienna
389:Napoleon Bonaparte
374:Treaty of Aranjuez
91:(as Charles Louis)
3819:
3818:
3556:Luis I of Etruria
3288:Infantes of Spain
3254:
3253:
3185: (1854–1859)
3161: (1808-1814)
3160:
3147: (1808-1814)
3146:
3133: (1765–1802)
3097: (1694–1727)
3079: (1592–1622)
3007:
3006:
2687:Prince Alessandro
2608:Prince Alessandro
2558:
2557:
2549:Succeeded by
2452:Bourbons of Parma
2425:Trebiliani, M.L.
2286:Trebiliani, M.L.
2188:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2136:Marie Leszczyńska
2013:Elisabeth Farnese
1953:Philip V of Spain
1766:Elisabeth Farnese
1707:Philip V of Spain
1395:Marie Leszczyńska
1275:Elisabeth Farnese
1217:Philip V of Spain
1177:
1176:
1165:Order of Santiago
983:Marshall Radetzki
908:Order of Santiago
836:Emperor Ferdinand
578:north of Portugal
480:Francisco de Goya
324:
323:
288:
287:
16:(Redirected from
3899:
3862:Spanish infantes
3852:Kings of Etruria
3812:
3807:
3587:Infante Fernando
3370:Infante Fernando
3281:
3274:
3267:
3258:
3241:* (2010–present)
3154:
3140:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
2998:prince of Nassau
2968:Prince Guillaume
2590:Princes of Parma
2584:
2577:
2570:
2561:
2546:1847–1849
2531:Preceded by
2526:1824–1847
2511:Preceded by
2501:1803–1807
2486:Preceded by
2476:
2469:
2468:22 December 1799
2443:
2406:La Familia Rival
2392:
2385:
2370:
2367:La Familia Rival
2363:
2357:
2350:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2296:. Archived from
2284:
2278:
2271:
2244:
2237:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2202:
1194:
1185:
1068:
634:House of Bourbon
621:family in Rome.
587:Joseph Bonaparte
572:throne of a new
524:, they moved to
276:
247:
245:
241:
237:
187:
175:Kingdom of Spain
164:22 December 1799
163:
161:
44:
32:
21:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3797:
3786:16th generation
3781:
3770:15th generation
3765:
3756:Infante Alfonso
3744:14th generation
3739:
3725:Infante Gonzalo
3703:13th generation
3698:
3662:12th generation
3657:
3616:11th generation
3611:
3565:10th generation
3560:
3524:
3505:Infante Gabriel
3478:
3437:
3421:
3405:
3379:
3348:
3317:
3301:
3290:
3285:
3255:
3250:
3243:
3188:
3179: (1849–54)
3173: (1847–49)
3167: (1814–47)
3127: (1748–65)
3121: (1740–48)
3115: (1735–40)
3109: (1731–35)
3103: (1727–31)
3091: (1646–94)
3085: (1622–46)
3073: (1586–92)
3067: (1556–86)
3061: (1545–47)
3043:
3038:
3008:
3003:
2979:
2939:16th generation
2934:
2891:15th generation
2886:
2839:14th generation
2834:
2818:13th generation
2813:
2802:12th generation
2797:
2786:11th generation
2781:
2770:10th generation
2765:
2749:
2733:
2717:
2691:
2670:
2654:
2633:
2617:
2613:Prince Rannucio
2591:
2588:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2525:
2516:
2500:
2496:King of Etruria
2491:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2448:
2404:Balansó, Juan.
2401:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2373:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2328:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2294:"Archived copy"
2292:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2247:
2238:
2225:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2189:
1182:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1066:
996:
900:
764:July Revolution
699:
662:
561:
559:King of Etruria
456:
451:
360:, and his wife
339:King of Etruria
270:
249:
233:
229:
226:
213:
195:French Republic
189:
185:
165:
159:
157:
117:(as Charles II)
53:King of Etruria
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3529:9th generation
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3483:8th generation
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3443:
3442:7th generation
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3426:6th generation
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3410:5th generation
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3384:4th generation
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3375:Infante Alonso
3372:
3367:
3365:Infante Carlos
3362:
3356:
3354:
3353:3rd generation
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3322:2nd generation
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3306:1st generation
3303:
3302:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3148:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3041:Dukes of Parma
3039:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2993:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2925:Prince Jacques
2922:
2919:Prince Charles
2916:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2882:Prince Gaetano
2879:
2874:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2754:9th generation
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2738:8th generation
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2722:7th generation
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2696:6th generation
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2675:5th generation
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2660:
2659:4th generation
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2639:
2638:3rd generation
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2622:2nd generation
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2596:1st generation
2593:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2527:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2498:, as Louis II
2492:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2481:Regnal titles
2478:
2477:
2460:House of Capet
2456:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2371:
2358:
2326:
2279:
2245:
2223:
2208:, ed. (1911).
2206:Chisholm, Hugh
2196:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1159:
1156:Lesser version
1154:
1151:Middle version
1149:
1143:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1096:
1095:
1092:Duchy of Parma
1088:
1085:Duchy of Lucca
1081:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1055:Constantinople
995:
992:
977:, and then at
899:
896:
802:Greek Orthodox
698:
695:
687:
686:
680:
661:
658:
646:Duchy of Lucca
560:
557:
495:Duchy of Parma
470:. His mother,
455:
452:
450:
447:
335:Carlo Lodovico
322:
321:
316:
312:
311:
306:
302:
301:
296:
290:
289:
286:
285:
281:
280:
272:
271:
269:
268:
263:
262:Princess Luisa
259:
257:
251:
250:
231:
227:
222:
221:
219:
215:
214:
204:
202:
198:
197:
188:(aged 83)
182:
178:
177:
155:
151:
150:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3904:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3809:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3751:Juan Carlos I
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:* (1977–2010)
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3199:* (1859–1907)
3198:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3171:Charles Louis
3169:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3119:Maria Theresa
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2975:
2974:Prince Robert
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2930:Prince Michel
2928:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Prince Sixtus
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2543:, as Charles
2542:
2541:Duke of Parma
2535:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2521:Duke of Lucca
2515:
2509:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2479:
2475:16 April 1883
2474:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2454:
2453:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2191:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:His only son
1012:
1008:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
924:
922:
919:but acquired
918:
909:
904:
898:Duke of Parma
897:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
863:
861:
857:
856:Duke of Berry
853:
849:
844:
841:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
813:
809:
805:
803:
799:
793:
791:
788:(former King
787:
783:
782:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:Kinsky Palace
737:
733:
729:
725:
719:
712:
711:Andreas Staub
708:
703:
697:Duke of Lucca
696:
694:
692:
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
673:
671:
667:
659:
657:
653:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
594:
590:
588:
583:
579:
575:
565:
558:
556:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
534:Medici family
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
453:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
426:
424:
420:
419:Duke of Parma
416:
412:
411:Duke of Lucca
407:
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
351:Duke of Parma
348:
347:Duke of Lucca
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Charles Louis
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
299:Bourbon-Parma
297:
295:
291:
282:
277:
273:
267:
264:
261:
260:
258:
256:
252:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:Villa Borbone
203:
199:
196:
192:
184:16 April 1883
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
156:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:Duke of Lucca
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:(as Louis II)
54:
50:
43:
38:
35:Charles Louis
33:
30:
19:
3792:
3606:
3536:Fernando VII
3432:
3416:
3170:
3165:Marie Louise
3156:
3142:
2995:
2987:
2792:
2744:
2728:
2539:
2519:
2504:
2494:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2399:Bibliography
2388:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:the original
2291:
2287:
2282:
2274:
2240:
2215:
2200:
1664:
1173:(1761–1788)
1168:(1824-1847)
1158:(1803-1807)
1153:(1803-1807)
1148:(1803-1807)
1090:
1083:
1076:
1059:
1036:
1013:
1009:
1005:
968:
937:
925:
913:
864:
845:
829:
817:
794:
779:
756:
724:Urschendorff
720:
716:
688:
676:
663:
654:
650:
631:
599:
570:
546:
530:Pitti palace
519:
503:Crown Prince
488:
457:
427:
408:
401:
382:
355:
342:
326:
325:
186:(1883-04-16)
134:Marie Louise
29:
3837:1883 deaths
3832:1799 births
3623:Alfonso XII
3459:Fernando VI
3233:Carlos Hugo
3229:* (1974–77)
3223:* (1959–74)
3217:* (1950–59)
3211:* (1939–50)
3205:* (1907–39)
3177:Charles III
3089:Ranuccio II
2962:Prince Jean
2877:Prince René
2552:Charles III
2365:, Balansó,
1016:Charles III
969:During the
929:Isabella II
798:Thomas Ward
784:) cause in
441:, dying at
431:Charles III
144:Charles III
130:Predecessor
108:Maria Luisa
104:Predecessor
68:Predecessor
3826:Categories
3464:Carlos III
3344:Felipe III
3137:Cambacérès
3113:Charles II
3077:Ranuccio I
3059:Pier Luigi
2015:(= 17, 25)
1955:(= 16, 24)
994:Last years
960:annexation
950:. However
940:revolution
825:Metternich
707:Lithograph
482:'s famous
454:Early life
160:1799-12-22
3777:Felipe VI
3495:Carlos IV
3401:Carlos II
3360:Felipe IV
3313:Felipe II
3221:Robert II
3131:Ferdinand
3107:Charles I
3095:Francesco
3071:Alexander
1020:Viareggio
933:Charles X
921:Lunigiana
917:Guastalla
876:Lunigiana
781:Miguelist
748:Frankfurt
732:Weistropp
606:Compiegne
604:and then
449:Biography
211:Viareggio
140:Successor
3298:Carlos I
3183:Robert I
3157:Piacenza
2505:Annexed
2391:, p. 101
2369:, p. 101
2356:, p. 100
2314:cite web
2304:11 March
1180:Ancestry
1064:Heraldry
1024:Robert I
956:Piedmont
952:Piacenza
786:Portugal
776:Carlos V
768:Carlists
691:Catholic
660:Marriage
576:(in the
553:epilepsy
526:Florence
515:Napoleon
435:Robert I
343:Louis II
3101:Antonio
3083:Odoardo
3065:Ottavio
2489:Louis I
2277:, p. 99
2243:, p. 98
1051:Meissen
1039:Vignale
975:Custoza
944:regency
880:Vignale
848:Pianore
840:England
736:Dresden
602:Bayonne
385:regency
331:Italian
248:
232:
228:
209:, near
72:Louis I
3449:Luis I
3239:Carlos
3227:Xavier
3209:Joseph
3197:Robert
3153:
3151:Lebrun
3139:
3125:Philip
2471:
2138:(= 19)
2078:(= 18)
1768:(= 17)
1709:(= 16)
1047:Saxony
988:Saxony
964:Saxony
884:Saxony
752:Prague
744:Berlin
734:(near
730:) and
726:(near
640:. The
439:France
366:Madrid
315:Mother
305:Father
238:
218:Spouse
201:Burial
171:Madrid
78:Regent
3215:Elias
3203:Henry
3143:Parma
2996:also
2988:also
2473:Died:
2466:Born:
2192:Notes
2105:(= 9)
1982:(= 8)
979:Milan
888:Turin
832:Milan
772:Spain
677:Luisa
582:break
549:Louis
522:Paris
393:Spain
294:House
279:Names
255:Issue
246:)
234:(
230:
122:Reign
96:Reign
60:Reign
3793:None
3433:None
3417:None
2745:None
2729:None
2320:link
2306:2007
2134:31.
2101:15.
2074:30.
2011:29.
1978:14.
1951:28.
1885:27.
1853:13.
1827:26.
1764:25.
1732:12.
1705:24.
1637:23.
1605:11.
1579:22.
1517:21.
1485:10.
1459:20.
1393:19.
1335:18.
1273:17.
1215:16.
872:Enza
823:and
618:Rome
614:Nice
443:Nice
397:Rome
244:1879
240:1820
191:Nice
181:Died
154:Born
2038:7.
1911:3.
1791:6.
1663:1.
1543:5.
1419:2.
1361:9.
1299:4.
1241:8.
770:in
709:by
345:),
3828::
2976:*^
2970:*^
2964:*^
2958:*^
2921:*^
2915:*^
2429:.
2374:^
2329:^
2316:}}
2312:{{
2248:^
2226:^
2214:.
923:.
894:.
862:.
827:.
750:,
746:,
589:.
425:.
333::
236:m.
193:,
173:,
169:,
3280:e
3273:t
3266:v
3159:)
3155:(
3145:)
3141:(
3033:e
3026:t
3019:v
2873:*
2583:e
2576:t
2569:v
2439:.
2322:)
2308:.
910:.
713:.
329:(
162:)
158:(
20:)
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