160:, a young French adventurer, was given permission by the Spanish government to collect botanical specimens in its South American colonies, under strict conditions; in particular, half the collection was to be given to Spain. That half was lost to Spain when the British captured the ship carrying it, more was lost by delays in customs at Cadiz, and by the time Dombey reached Paris his collection was very much reduced. French botanists considered that its new species should be published (without waiting for Spanish botanists to do so), which was against the conditions imposed by Spain. L'Héritier offered to describe and publish at his own expense, and the collection was handed over to him in 1786.
145:(New Plants) came out in March 1785, the second in January 1786, and a third in March 1786. Other fascicles made an appearance in 1788 and later. These were published at his own expense, like almost all his botanical works, and included a full-page plate illustrating each new species. From the second volume on, the plates were drawn by
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About the time the Reign of Terror of ended in 1794, L'Héritier's wife Thérèse-Valère died. The eldest son, Jacques, left home and seems to have become estranged; the eldest daughter went to live with another family, while L'Héritier and his servants cared for the youngest three (Rose, the youngest,
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The
Spanish government objected, and requested the remaining collection be remitted to them, which the French government agreed to do. However, L'Héritier was at court at Versailles when the decision was given. He immediately hurried home, packed the collection and left post-haste for England, while
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Around 1783, he conceived the idea of publishing papers on new plant species. To Banks he wrote: "I am still keeping my project secret, in order that this type of work cannot be claimed by our professors" and it is said that he had paid informers among the professional gardeners of Paris in order to
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In 1795, the
Academy of Sciences was reborn as the National Institute of Sciences and Arts, and L'Héritier was elected to full membership, which came with a decent salary. He still had his library and herbarium, which he allowed free use to young botanists such as
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family, connections with the French Royal Court secured him the position of
Superintendent of Parisian Waters and Forests at the age of twenty-six. In this capacity, L'Héritier conducted various studies of native trees and shrubs, also gaining interest in
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began in 1789. He was one of few former magistrates to be appointed judge of a revolutionary tribunal. In
October 1789, he was even appointed commander of his district's National Guard. Acting under his orders, his troops prevented the massacre of the
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L'Héritier was ruined by the
Revolution, and had to take a low paid job at the Justice ministry, although he was also a member of the Commission on Agriculture and the Arts and was involved in the publication of several agricultural reports.
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On the evening of 16 August 1800, as he was walking home after working late at the
Institute, he was attacked and murdered in the street by an unknown assailant. One rumour was that the assassin was his eldest son. His body now lies in the
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began and it is said that L'Héritier was imprisoned for a time, and in danger of execution, but some of his botanist friends got him released; there is no independent confirmation of this. Certainly his former patron,
168:(An English Garland) which included some of the Dombey plants (but they were outnumbered by new species he found being cultivated in England). The Dombey collection remained in his herbarium until his death.
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giving it out that he had gone to his country-house on holiday. He stayed in and around London for 15 months, until things had quietened down. On his return to Paris he published (in 1789)
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Apart from what is stated above, little is known of his early life before his first employment. He appears to have been self-taught in botany, after taking up the superintendency.
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and others - advocated a more natural system of classification, meaning beauty. L'Héritier soon clashed with them, although he was friends with other scholars such as
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said: "He was a dry man, cold in appearance but actually quite passionate, acrimonious and sarcastic in conversation, given to small intrigues, a declared enemy of
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With his private wealth and public income, L'Héritier was enabled to pursue his botanical interests as a wealthy amateur. He was a strict follower of the
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Sertum
Anglicum, seu, Plantae rariores quae in hortis juxta Londinum: imprimis in horto regio Kewensi excoluntur, ab anno 1786 ad annum 1787 observatae
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said of him: "His works were superb, but his table frugal and his clothes simple. He spent 20,000 francs a year on botany, but went about on foot."
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be alerted whenever a new species came into flower. Such was the rivalry among botanists at that time, to be able to publish a new species first.
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himself was a keen botanist, but in the same year (1775) he was forced out of office because he published a scheme to reform the tax system.
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As a magistrate of a respected court, and holding liberal political ideas himself, L'Héritier was at first not at risk when the
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Also in 1775, L'Héritier married Thérèse-Valère Doré. They had five children in the 19 years until Thérèse-Valère died.
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it became perhaps the only French government institution to protect ordinary citizens against a corrupt state.
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voting against him. During this phase of the revolution he continued to publish botanical papers.
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Geraniologia, seu Erodii, Pelargonii, Geranii, Monsoniae et Grieli, Historia iconibus illustrata,
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and even of the new methods, but always doing for me acts of kindness for which I was grateful."
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of approximately 8,000 species and a large botanic library, reputedly second only to that of
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Cornus: specimen botanicum sistens descriptiones et icones specierum corni minus cognitarum,
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In 1790, he was elected to the
Academy of Sciences as an associate member in spite of
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The Banks
Letters. A Calendar of the manuscript correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks.
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was only two at this time but lived to the age of 99). L'Héritier did not remarry.
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Paris, ex typographia
Philippi-Dionysii Pierres (1784) - (1791) - on line, Gallica
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in Paris. This was a court which dealt with tax offences, but under its president
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Stirpes Novae aut minus cognitae, quas descriptionibus et iconibus illustravit...
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Günther Buchheim, "A bibliographical account of L’Héritier’s ‘Stirpes novae’."
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of plant classification. The most influential French botanists of the time -
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Parisiis, Typis Petri-Francisci Didot, (1788). MGB Library, on Line.
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botanist and civil servant. Born into an affluent upper-class
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Parisii, Typo Petri-Francisci Didot (1787-1788; 1792); plates
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and B. B. Woodward, 1905, "L’Héritier’s Botanical Works".
345:"Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de plants appelé Cadia",
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Works by or about Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle
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In 1775, L'Héritier was appointed a magistrate in the
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Joseph Dombey, sa vie, son oeuvre, sa correspondance
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369:Charles Louis L Héritier de Brutelle, 1746 - 1800
185:'s bodyguard when the Parisian mob removed the
571:Works by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle
514:The Journal of Botany. v. 43:266-273; 325-329
288:He always refused to have any portrait made.
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549:L’Héritier de Brutelle: the man and his work
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531:Recueil des Éloges Historiques, v. 1:109-133
614:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
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20:Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle
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28:[ʃaʁllwileʁitjedəbʁytɛl]
384:International Plant Names Index
141:The first fascicle (volume) of
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609:18th-century French botanists
554:Arthur Robert Steele, 1964,
366:Erickson, Robert F. (2003).
536:Théodore J. E. Hamy, 1905,
506:Edited by Warren R. Dawson.
211:In late 1792, however, the
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456:Stafleu, p. xxxv, citing
547:Frans A. Stafleu, 1963,
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411:Stafleu, p. xviii-xix.
247:Père Lachaise Cemetery
332:Pierre-Joseph Redouté
317:Petri Francisci Didot
147:Pierre-Joseph Redouté
24:French pronunciation:
557:Flowers for the King
523:, v. 2:29-58. 1965.
447:Stafleu, p. xxxiii.
48:author abbreviation
469:Stafleu, p. xviii.
458:James Edward Smith
438:Stafleu, p. xxxii.
132:James Edward Smith
575:Project Gutenberg
487:Stafleu, p. xiii.
478:Stafleu, p. xxxv.
429:Stafleu, p. xxii.
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